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</header>
<p>This document describes the changes made to the STDLIB application.</p>
-<section><title>STDLIB 3.0</title>
-
- <section><title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
- <list>
- <item>
- <p> Fix a race bug affecting <c>dets:open_file/2</c>.
- </p>
- <p>
- Own Id: OTP-13260 Aux Id: seq13002 </p>
- </item>
- <item>
- <p>Don't search for non-existing Map keys twice</p>
- <p>For <c>maps:get/2,3</c> and <c>maps:find/2</c>,
- searching for an immediate key, e.g. an atom, in a small
- map, the search was performed twice if the key did not
- exist.</p>
- <p>
- Own Id: OTP-13459</p>
- </item>
- <item>
- <p>
- Avoid stray corner-case math errors on Solaris, e.g. an
- error is thrown on undeflows in exp() and pow() when it
- shouldn't be.</p>
- <p>
- Own Id: OTP-13531</p>
- </item>
- <item>
- <p>Fix linting of map key variables</p>
- <p>Map keys cannot be unbound and then used in parallel
- matching.</p>
- <p>Example: <c> #{ K := V } = #{ k := K } = M.</c> This
- is illegal if <c>'K'</c> is not bound.</p>
- <p>
- Own Id: OTP-13534 Aux Id: ERL-135 </p>
- </item>
- <item>
- <p>
- Fixed a bug in re on openbsd where sometimes re:run would
- return an incorrect result.</p>
- <p>
- Own Id: OTP-13602</p>
- </item>
- <item>
- <p>
- To avoid potential timer bottleneck on supervisor
- restart, timer server is no longer used when the
- supervisor is unable to restart a child.</p>
- <p>
- Own Id: OTP-13618 Aux Id: PR-1001 </p>
- </item>
- </list>
- </section>
-
-
- <section><title>Improvements and New Features</title>
- <list>
- <item>
- <p>The types of The Abstract Format in the
- <c>erl_parse</c> module have been refined. </p>
- <p>
- Own Id: OTP-10292</p>
- </item>
- <item>
- <p> Undocumented syntax for function specifications,
- <c>-spec F/A :: Domain -&gt; Range</c>, has been removed
- (without deprecation). </p> <p> Using the
- <c>is_subtype(V, T)</c> syntax for constraints (in
- function specifications) is no longer documented, and the
- newer syntax <c>V :: T</c> should be used instead. The
- Erlang Parser still recognizes the <c>is_subtype</c>
- syntax, and will continue to do so for some time. </p>
- <p>
- *** POTENTIAL INCOMPATIBILITY ***</p>
- <p>
- Own Id: OTP-11879</p>
- </item>
- <item>
- <p>The '<c>random</c>' module has been deprecated. Use
- the '<c>rand</c>' module instead.</p>
- <p>
- Own Id: OTP-12502 Aux Id: OTP-12501 </p>
- </item>
- <item>
- <p>Background: In record fields with a type declaration
- but without an initializer, the Erlang parser inserted
- automatically the singleton type <c>'undefined'</c> to
- the list of declared types, if that value was not present
- there. That is, the record declaration:</p>
- <p>
- -record(rec, {f1 :: float(), f2 = 42 :: integer(), f3 ::
- some_mod:some_typ()}).</p>
- <p>was translated by the parser to:</p>
- <p>
- -record(rec, {f1 :: float() | 'undefined', f2 = 42 ::
- integer(), f3 :: some_mod:some_typ() | 'undefined'}).</p>
- <p>The rationale for this was that creation of a "dummy"
- <c>#rec{}</c> record should not result in a warning from
- dialyzer that, for example, the implicit initialization
- of the <c>#rec.f1</c> field violates its type
- declaration.</p>
- <p>Problems: This seemingly innocent action has some
- unforeseen consequences.</p>
- <p>For starters, there is no way for programmers to
- declare that e.g. only floats make sense for the
- <c>f1</c> field of <c>#rec{}</c> records when there is no
- "obvious" default initializer for this field. (This also
- affects tools like PropEr that use these declarations
- produced by the Erlang parser to generate random
- instances of records for testing purposes.)</p>
- <p>It also means that dialyzer does not warn if e.g. an
- <c>is_atom/1</c> test or something more exotic like an
- <c>atom_to_list/1</c> call is performed on the value of
- the <c>f1</c> field.</p>
- <p>Similarly, there is no way to extend dialyzer to warn
- if it finds record constructions where <c>f1</c> is not
- initialized to some float.</p>
- <p>Last but not least, it is semantically problematic
- when the type of the field is an opaque type: creating a
- union of an opaque and a structured type is very
- problematic for analysis because it fundamentally breaks
- the opacity of the term at that point.</p>
- <p>Change: To solve these problems the parser will not
- automatically insert the <c>'undefined'</c> value
- anymore; instead the user has the option to choose the
- places where this value makes sense (for the field) and
- where it does not and insert the <c>| 'undefined'</c>
- there manually.</p>
- <p>Consequences of this change: This change means that
- dialyzer will issue a warning for all places where
- records with uninitialized fields are created and those
- fields have a declared type that is incompatible with
- <c>'undefined'</c> (e.g. <c>float()</c>). This warning
- can be suppressed easily by adding <c>| 'undefined'</c>
- to the type of this field. This also adds documentation
- that the user really intends to create records where this
- field is uninitialized.</p>
- <p>
- *** POTENTIAL INCOMPATIBILITY ***</p>
- <p>
- Own Id: OTP-12719</p>
- </item>
- <item>
- <p> Remove deprecated functions in the modules
- <c>erl_scan</c> and <c>erl_parse</c>. </p>
- <p>
- Own Id: OTP-12861</p>
- </item>
- <item>
- <p>The pre-processor can now expand the ?FUNCTION_NAME
- and ?FUNCTION_ARITY macros.</p>
- <p>
- Own Id: OTP-13059</p>
- </item>
- <item>
- <p> A new behaviour <c>gen_statem</c> has been
- implemented. It has been thoroughly reviewed, is stable
- enough to be used by at least two heavy OTP applications,
- and is here to stay. But depending on user feedback, we
- do not expect but might find it necessary to make minor
- not backwards compatible changes into OTP-20.0, so its
- state can be designated as "not quite experimental"...
- </p> <p> The <c>gen_statem</c> behaviour is intended to
- replace <c>gen_fsm</c> for new code. It has the same
- features and add some really useful: </p> <list
- type="bulleted"> <item>State code is gathered</item>
- <item>The state can be any term</item> <item>Events can
- be postponed</item> <item>Events can be self
- generated</item> <item>A reply can be sent from a later
- state</item> <item>There can be multiple sys traceable
- replies</item> </list> <p> The callback model(s) for
- <c>gen_statem</c> differs from the one for
- <c>gen_fsm</c>, but it is still fairly easy to rewrite
- from <c>gen_fsm</c> to <c>gen_statem</c>. </p>
- <p>
- Own Id: OTP-13065 Aux Id: PR-960 </p>
- </item>
- <item>
- <p>
- Optimize binary:split/2 and binary:split/3 with native
- BIF implementation.</p>
- <p>
- Own Id: OTP-13082</p>
- </item>
- <item>
- <p>Background: The types of record fields have since R12B
- been put in a separate form by <c>epp:parse_file()</c>,
- leaving the record declaration form untyped. The separate
- form, however, does not follow the syntax of type
- declarations, and parse transforms inspecting
- <c>-type()</c> attributes need to know about the special
- syntax. Since the compiler stores the return value of
- <c>epp:parse_file()</c> as debug information in the
- abstract code chunk (<c>"Abst"</c> or
- <c>abstract_code</c>), tools too need to know about the
- special syntax, if they inspect <c>-type()</c> attributes
- in abstract code.</p>
- <p>Change: No separate type form is created by
- <c>epp:parse_file()</c>, but the type information is kept
- in the record fields. This means that all parse
- transforms and all tools inspecting <c>-record()</c>
- declarations need to recognize <c>{typed_record_field,
- Field, Type}</c>.</p>
- <p>
- *** POTENTIAL INCOMPATIBILITY ***</p>
- <p>
- Own Id: OTP-13148</p>
- </item>
- <item>
- <p>
- Unsized fields of the type <c>bytes</c> in binary
- generators are now forbidden. (The other ways of writing
- unsized fields, such as <c>binary</c>, are already
- forbidden.)</p>
- <p>
- Own Id: OTP-13152</p>
- </item>
- <item>
- <p> The type <c>map()</c> is built-in, and cannot be
- redefined. </p>
- <p>
- Own Id: OTP-13153</p>
- </item>
- <item>
- <p> Let <c>dets:open_file()</c> exit with a <c>badarg</c>
- message if given a raw file name (a binary). </p>
- <p>
- Own Id: OTP-13229 Aux Id: ERL-55 </p>
- </item>
- <item>
- <p> Add <c>filename:basedir/2,3</c></p> <p>basedir
- returns suitable path(s) for 'user_cache', 'user_config',
- 'user_data', 'user_log', 'site_config' and 'site_data'.
- On linux and linux like systems the paths will respect
- the XDG environment variables.</p>
- <p>
- Own Id: OTP-13392</p>
- </item>
- <item>
- <p>There are new preprocessor directives
- <c>-error(Term)</c> and <c>-warning(Term)</c> to cause a
- compilation error or a compilation warning,
- respectively.</p>
- <p>
- Own Id: OTP-13476</p>
- </item>
- <item>
- <p>
- Optimize <c>'++'</c> operator and <c>lists:append/2</c>
- by using a single pass to build a new list while checking
- for properness.</p>
- <p>
- Own Id: OTP-13487</p>
- </item>
- <item>
- <p>
- Add <c>maps:update_with/3,4</c> and <c>maps:take/2</c></p>
- <p>
- Own Id: OTP-13522 Aux Id: PR-1025 </p>
- </item>
- <item>
- <p><c>lists:join/2</c> has been added. Similar to
- <c>string:join/2</c> but works with arbitrary lists.</p>
- <p>
- Own Id: OTP-13523</p>
- </item>
- <item>
- <p>Obfuscate asserts to make Dialyzer shut up.</p>
- <p>
- Own Id: OTP-13524 Aux Id: PR-1002 </p>
- </item>
- <item>
- <p>
- Relax translation of initial calls in <c>proc_lib</c>,
- i.e. remove the restriction to only do the translation
- for <c>gen_server</c> and <c>gen_fsm</c>. This enables
- user defined <c>gen</c> based generic callback modules to
- be displayed nicely in <c>c:i()</c> and observer.</p>
- <p>
- Own Id: OTP-13623</p>
- </item>
- <item>
- <p>
- Lower ETS hash load factor to improve lookup performance
- at the cost of less than one word per object.</p>
- <p>
- Own Id: OTP-13642</p>
- </item>
- </list>
- </section>
-
-</section>
-
<section><title>STDLIB 2.8</title>
<section><title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>