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</header>
<p>This document describes the changes made to the STDLIB application.</p>
-<section><title>STDLIB 3.9</title>
-
- <section><title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
- <list>
- <item>
- <p> Fix a bug in <c>string:lexemes/2</c>. </p> <p> The
- bug was found when optimizing the handling of deep lists
- of Unicode characters in the <c>string</c> module. </p>
- <p>
- Own Id: OTP-15649</p>
- </item>
- <item>
- <p>A bug has been fixed in the <c>maps</c> implementation
- that could cause a crash or memory usage to grow until
- the machine ran out of memory. This could happen when
- inserting a new key-value pair with a key <c>K1</c>
- containing a binary <c>B1</c> into a map <c>M</c> having
- a key <c>K2</c> with a binary <c>B2</c> if the following
- conditions were met:</p> <list> <item><c>B1 =/=
- B2</c></item> <item><c>size(B1) >= 4294967296</c></item>
- <item><c>size(B2) >= 4294967296</c></item>
- <item><c>size(M) >= 32</c></item> <item><c>(size(B1) rem
- 4294967296) == (size(B2) rem 4294967296)</c></item>
- <item>the first <c>(size(B1) rem 4294967296)</c> bytes
- are the same both in <c>B1</c> and <c>B2</c></item>
- <item>substituting <c>B1</c> in <c>K1</c> with <c>B2</c>
- would create a term with the same value as
- <c>K2</c></item> </list> <p>The root cause of the problem
- is that the <c>maps</c> implementation only hashed the
- first <c>(X rem 4294967296)</c> bytes of binaries so that
- different binaries could get the same hash value
- independently of the hash seed.</p>
- <p>
- Own Id: OTP-15707</p>
- </item>
- <item>
- <p> Since the introduction of the stack trace variable,
- the Erlang Pretty Printer has left out the exception
- class <c>throw</c> even when the stack trace variable
- cannot be left out, which is not correct Erlang code. The
- fix is to always include the exception class
- <c>throw</c>. </p>
- <p>
- Own Id: OTP-15751</p>
- </item>
- <item>
- <p><c>record_info/2</c> is a pseudo-function that
- requires literal arguments known at compile time.
- Therefore, the following usage is illegal: <c>fun
- record/info/2</c>. The compiler would crash when during
- compilation of that kind of code. Corrected to issue a
- compilation error.</p>
- <p>
- Own Id: OTP-15760 Aux Id: ERL-907 </p>
- </item>
- </list>
- </section>
-
-
- <section><title>Improvements and New Features</title>
- <list>
- <item>
- <p> A new <c>rand</c> module algorithm, <c>exro928ss</c>
- (Xoroshiro928**), has been implemented. It has got a
- really long period and good statistical quality for all
- output bits, while still being only about 50% slower than
- the default algorithm. </p><p> The same generator is also
- used as a long period counter in a new <c>crypto</c>
- plugin for the <c>rand</c> module, algorithm
- <c>crypto_aes</c>. This plugin uses AES-256 to scramble
- the counter which buries any detectable statistical
- artifacts. Scrambling is done in chunks which are cached
- to get good amortized speed (about half of the default
- algorithm). </p>
- <p>
- Own Id: OTP-14461 Aux Id: PR-1857 </p>
- </item>
- <item>
- <p>
- Types related to server naming and starting have been
- exported from <c>gen_statem</c>. These are:
- <c>server_name/0</c>, <c>server_ref/0</c>,
- <c>start_opt/0</c>, <c>start_ret/0</c> and
- <c>enter_loop_opt/0</c>.</p>
- <p>
- Own Id: OTP-14724 Aux Id: PR-2056 </p>
- </item>
- <item>
- <p>
- The default algorithm for the <c>rand</c> module has been
- changed to <c>exsss</c> (Xorshift116**) which is a
- combination of the Xorshift116 (<c>exsp</c>) state update
- and a new scrambler "StarStar" from the 2018 paper
- "Scrambled Linear Pseudorandom Number Generators" by
- David Blackman and Sebastiano Vigna. This combination
- should not have the caveat of weak low bits that the
- previous default algorithm(s) have had, with the cost of
- about 10% lower speed. See GitHub pull request #1969.</p>
- <p>
- Own Id: OTP-14731 Aux Id: PR-1969 </p>
- </item>
- <item>
- <p>
- The generic state machine behaviour <c>gen_statem</c> has
- gotten code cleanup and documentation improvements from
- GitHub Pull Request #1855, even though the PR itself was
- rejected.</p>
- <p>
- Own Id: OTP-14737 Aux Id: PR-1855 </p>
- </item>
- <item>
- <p>
- Update Unicode specification to version 11.0.</p>
- <p>
- Own Id: OTP-15111</p>
- </item>
- <item>
- <p>
- ETS option <c>write_concurrency</c> now also affects and
- improves the scalability of <c>ordered_set</c> tables.
- The implementation is based on a data structure called
- contention adapting search tree, where the lock
- granularity adapts to the actual amount of concurrency
- exploited by the applications in runtime.</p>
- <p>
- Own Id: OTP-15128</p>
- </item>
- <item>
- <p>
- Optimized <c>maps:new/0</c> with trivial Erlang
- implementation, making use of literal terms (the empty
- map) not needing dynamic heap allocation.</p>
- <p>
- Own Id: OTP-15200 Aux Id: PR-1878 </p>
- </item>
- <item>
- <p>The <c>gen_*</c> behaviours have been changed so that
- if logging of the last N messages through
- <c>sys:log/2,3</c> is active for the server, this log is
- included in the terminate report.</p> <p>To accomplish
- this the format of "System Events" as defined in the man
- page for <c>sys</c> has been clarified and cleaned up, a
- new function <c>sys:get_log/1</c> has been added, and
- <c>sys:get_debug/3</c> has been deprecated. Due to these
- changes, code that relies on the internal badly
- documented format of "System Events", need to be
- corrected.</p>
- <p>
- *** POTENTIAL INCOMPATIBILITY ***</p>
- <p>
- Own Id: OTP-15381</p>
- </item>
- <item>
- <p>
- The <c>gen_statem</c> behaviour engine loop has been
- optimized for better performance in particular when the
- callback module returns some actions, that is better
- performance for more realistic applications than the Echo
- Benchmark.</p>
- <p>
- Own Id: OTP-15452</p>
- </item>
- <item>
- <p>
- The <c>persistent_term</c> functions <c>put/2</c> and
- <c>erase/1</c> are now yeliding.</p>
- <p>
- Own Id: OTP-15615</p>
- </item>
- <item>
- <p>Previously, all ETS tables used centralized counter
- variables to keep track of the number of items stored and
- the amount of memory consumed. These counters can cause
- scalability problems (especially on big NUMA systems).
- This change adds an implementation of a decentralized
- counter and modifies the implementation of ETS so that
- ETS tables of type <c>ordered_set</c> with
- <c>write_concurrency</c> enabled use the decentralized
- counter. Experiments indicate that this change
- substantially improves the scalability of ETS
- <c>ordered_set</c> tables with <c>write_concurrency</c>
- enabled in scenarios with frequent <c>ets:insert/2</c>
- and <c>ets:delete/2</c> calls.</p>
- <p>
- Own Id: OTP-15623 Aux Id: PR-2190 </p>
- </item>
- <item>
- <p> Use <c>ssh</c> instead of <c>rsh</c> as the default
- remote shell. </p>
- <p>
- Own Id: OTP-15633 Aux Id: PR-1787 </p>
- </item>
- <item>
- <p>Added <c>beam_lib:strip/2</c> and friends, which
- accept a list of chunks that should be preserved when
- stripping.</p>
- <p>
- Own Id: OTP-15680 Aux Id: PR-2114 </p>
- </item>
- <item>
- <p> There are new compiler options <c>nowarn_removed</c>
- and <c>{nowarn_removed,Items}</c> to suppress warnings
- for functions and modules that have been removed from
- OTP.</p>
- <p>
- Own Id: OTP-15749 Aux Id: ERL-904 </p>
- </item>
- <item>
- <p> Let the Erlang Pretty Printer put atomic parts on the
- same line. </p>
- <p>
- Own Id: OTP-15755</p>
- </item>
- <item>
- <p> Add option <c>quote_singleton_atom_types</c> to the
- Erlang Pretty Printer's functions. Setting the option to
- <c>true</c> adds quotes to all singleton atom types. </p>
- <p>
- Own Id: OTP-15756</p>
- </item>
- </list>
- </section>
-
-</section>
-
<section><title>STDLIB 3.8.1</title>
<section><title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>