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-rw-r--r--lib/stdlib/src/base64.erl597
-rw-r--r--lib/stdlib/src/erl_compile.erl3
-rw-r--r--lib/stdlib/src/erl_lint.erl44
-rw-r--r--lib/stdlib/src/erl_parse.yrl82
-rw-r--r--lib/stdlib/src/gen.erl1
5 files changed, 437 insertions, 290 deletions
diff --git a/lib/stdlib/src/base64.erl b/lib/stdlib/src/base64.erl
index c8cf6fdffe..6ea4147abf 100644
--- a/lib/stdlib/src/base64.erl
+++ b/lib/stdlib/src/base64.erl
@@ -24,22 +24,11 @@
-export([encode/1, decode/1, mime_decode/1,
encode_to_string/1, decode_to_string/1, mime_decode_to_string/1]).
-%%-------------------------------------------------------------------------
%% The following type is a subtype of string() for return values
%% of (some) functions of this module.
-%%-------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-type ascii_string() :: [1..255].
-type ascii_binary() :: binary().
-%%-------------------------------------------------------------------------
-%% encode_to_string(ASCII) -> Base64String
-%% ASCII - string() | binary()
-%% Base64String - string()
-%%
-%% Description: Encodes a plain ASCII string (or binary) into base64.
-%%-------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-spec encode_to_string(Data) -> Base64String when
Data :: ascii_string() | ascii_binary(),
Base64String :: ascii_string().
@@ -47,66 +36,67 @@
encode_to_string(Bin) when is_binary(Bin) ->
encode_to_string(binary_to_list(Bin));
encode_to_string(List) when is_list(List) ->
- encode_l(List).
-
-%%-------------------------------------------------------------------------
-%% encode(ASCII) -> Base64
-%% ASCII - string() | binary()
-%% Base64 - binary()
-%%
-%% Description: Encodes a plain ASCII string (or binary) into base64.
-%%-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ encode_list_to_string(List).
-spec encode(Data) -> Base64 when
Data :: ascii_string() | ascii_binary(),
Base64 :: ascii_binary().
encode(Bin) when is_binary(Bin) ->
- encode_binary(Bin);
+ encode_binary(Bin, <<>>);
encode(List) when is_list(List) ->
- list_to_binary(encode_l(List)).
-
--spec encode_l(ascii_string()) -> ascii_string().
+ encode_list(List, <<>>).
-encode_l([]) ->
+encode_list_to_string([]) ->
[];
-encode_l([A]) ->
- [b64e(A bsr 2),
- b64e((A band 3) bsl 4), $=, $=];
-encode_l([A,B]) ->
- [b64e(A bsr 2),
- b64e(((A band 3) bsl 4) bor (B bsr 4)),
- b64e((B band 15) bsl 2), $=];
-encode_l([A,B,C|Ls]) ->
- BB = (A bsl 16) bor (B bsl 8) bor C,
+encode_list_to_string([B1]) ->
+ [b64e(B1 bsr 2),
+ b64e((B1 band 3) bsl 4), $=, $=];
+encode_list_to_string([B1,B2]) ->
+ [b64e(B1 bsr 2),
+ b64e(((B1 band 3) bsl 4) bor (B2 bsr 4)),
+ b64e((B2 band 15) bsl 2), $=];
+encode_list_to_string([B1,B2,B3|Ls]) ->
+ BB = (B1 bsl 16) bor (B2 bsl 8) bor B3,
[b64e(BB bsr 18),
b64e((BB bsr 12) band 63),
b64e((BB bsr 6) band 63),
- b64e(BB band 63) | encode_l(Ls)].
-
-encode_binary(Bin) ->
- Split = 3*(byte_size(Bin) div 3),
- <<Main0:Split/binary,Rest/binary>> = Bin,
- Main = << <<(b64e(C)):8>> || <<C:6>> <= Main0 >>,
- case Rest of
- <<A:6,B:6,C:4>> ->
- <<Main/binary,(b64e(A)):8,(b64e(B)):8,(b64e(C bsl 2)):8,$=:8>>;
- <<A:6,B:2>> ->
- <<Main/binary,(b64e(A)):8,(b64e(B bsl 4)):8,$=:8,$=:8>>;
- <<>> ->
- Main
- end.
+ b64e(BB band 63) | encode_list_to_string(Ls)].
-%%-------------------------------------------------------------------------
-%% mime_decode(Base64) -> ASCII
-%% decode(Base64) -> ASCII
-%% Base64 - string() | binary()
-%% ASCII - binary()
-%%
-%% Description: Decodes an base64 encoded string to plain ASCII.
-%% mime_decode strips away all characters not Base64 before converting,
-%% whereas decode crashes if an illegal character is found
-%%-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+encode_binary(<<>>, A) ->
+ A;
+encode_binary(<<B1:8>>, A) ->
+ <<A/bits,(b64e(B1 bsr 2)):8,(b64e((B1 band 3) bsl 4)):8,$=:8,$=:8>>;
+encode_binary(<<B1:8, B2:8>>, A) ->
+ <<A/bits,(b64e(B1 bsr 2)):8,
+ (b64e(((B1 band 3) bsl 4) bor (B2 bsr 4))):8,
+ (b64e((B2 band 15) bsl 2)):8, $=:8>>;
+encode_binary(<<B1:8, B2:8, B3:8, Ls/bits>>, A) ->
+ BB = (B1 bsl 16) bor (B2 bsl 8) bor B3,
+ encode_binary(Ls,
+ <<A/bits,(b64e(BB bsr 18)):8,
+ (b64e((BB bsr 12) band 63)):8,
+ (b64e((BB bsr 6) band 63)):8,
+ (b64e(BB band 63)):8>>).
+
+encode_list([], A) ->
+ A;
+encode_list([B1], A) ->
+ <<A/bits,(b64e(B1 bsr 2)):8,(b64e((B1 band 3) bsl 4)):8,$=:8,$=:8>>;
+encode_list([B1,B2], A) ->
+ <<A/bits,(b64e(B1 bsr 2)):8,
+ (b64e(((B1 band 3) bsl 4) bor (B2 bsr 4))):8,
+ (b64e((B2 band 15) bsl 2)):8, $=:8>>;
+encode_list([B1,B2,B3|Ls], A) ->
+ BB = (B1 bsl 16) bor (B2 bsl 8) bor B3,
+ encode_list(Ls,
+ <<A/bits,(b64e(BB bsr 18)):8,
+ (b64e((BB bsr 12) band 63)):8,
+ (b64e((BB bsr 6) band 63)):8,
+ (b64e(BB band 63)):8>>).
+
+%% mime_decode strips away all characters not Base64 before
+%% converting, whereas decode crashes if an illegal character is found
-spec decode(Base64) -> Data when
Base64 :: ascii_string() | ascii_binary(),
@@ -122,32 +112,13 @@ decode(List) when is_list(List) ->
Data :: ascii_binary().
mime_decode(Bin) when is_binary(Bin) ->
- mime_decode_binary(<<>>, Bin);
+ mime_decode_binary(Bin, <<>>);
mime_decode(List) when is_list(List) ->
- mime_decode(list_to_binary(List)).
+ mime_decode_list(List, <<>>).
--spec decode_l(ascii_string()) -> ascii_string().
-
-decode_l(List) ->
- L = strip_spaces(List, []),
- decode(L, []).
-
--spec mime_decode_l(ascii_string()) -> ascii_string().
-
-mime_decode_l(List) ->
- L = strip_illegal(List, [], 0),
- decode(L, []).
-
-%%-------------------------------------------------------------------------
-%% mime_decode_to_string(Base64) -> ASCII
-%% decode_to_string(Base64) -> ASCII
-%% Base64 - string() | binary()
-%% ASCII - binary()
-%%
-%% Description: Decodes an base64 encoded string to plain ASCII.
-%% mime_decode strips away all characters not Base64 before converting,
-%% whereas decode crashes if an illegal character is found
-%%-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+%% mime_decode_to_string strips away all characters not Base64 before
+%% converting, whereas decode_to_string crashes if an illegal
+%% character is found
-spec decode_to_string(Base64) -> DataString when
Base64 :: ascii_string() | ascii_binary(),
@@ -156,7 +127,7 @@ mime_decode_l(List) ->
decode_to_string(Bin) when is_binary(Bin) ->
decode_to_string(binary_to_list(Bin));
decode_to_string(List) when is_list(List) ->
- decode_l(List).
+ decode_list_to_string(List).
-spec mime_decode_to_string(Base64) -> DataString when
Base64 :: ascii_string() | ascii_binary(),
@@ -165,115 +136,195 @@ decode_to_string(List) when is_list(List) ->
mime_decode_to_string(Bin) when is_binary(Bin) ->
mime_decode_to_string(binary_to_list(Bin));
mime_decode_to_string(List) when is_list(List) ->
- mime_decode_l(List).
-
-%% One-based decode map.
--define(DECODE_MAP,
- {bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,ws,ws,bad,bad,ws,bad,bad, %1-15
- bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad, %16-31
- ws,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,62,bad,bad,bad,63, %32-47
- 52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,bad,bad,bad,eq,bad,bad, %48-63
- bad,0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,
- 15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,
- bad,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,
- 41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,
- bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,
- bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,
- bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,
- bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,
- bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,
- bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,
- bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,
- bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad}).
+ mime_decode_list_to_string(List).
-decode_binary(<<C1:8, Cs/bits>>, A) ->
- case element(C1, ?DECODE_MAP) of
- ws -> decode_binary(Cs, A);
- B1 -> decode_binary(Cs, A, B1)
+%% Skipping pad character if not at end of string. Also liberal about
+%% excess padding and skipping of other illegal (non-base64 alphabet)
+%% characters. See section 3.3 of RFC4648
+mime_decode_list([0 | Cs], A) ->
+ mime_decode_list(Cs, A);
+mime_decode_list([C1 | Cs], A) ->
+ case b64d(C1) of
+ B1 when is_integer(B1) -> mime_decode_list(Cs, A, B1);
+ _ -> mime_decode_list(Cs, A) % eq is padding
end;
-decode_binary(<<>>, A) ->
+mime_decode_list([], A) ->
A.
-decode_binary(<<C2:8, Cs/bits>>, A, B1) ->
- case element(C2, ?DECODE_MAP) of
- ws -> decode_binary(Cs, A, B1);
- B2 -> decode_binary(Cs, A, B1, B2)
+mime_decode_list([0 | Cs], A, B1) ->
+ mime_decode_list(Cs, A, B1);
+mime_decode_list([C2 | Cs], A, B1) ->
+ case b64d(C2) of
+ B2 when is_integer(B2) ->
+ mime_decode_list(Cs, A, B1, B2);
+ _ -> mime_decode_list(Cs, A, B1) % eq is padding
end.
-decode_binary(<<C3:8, Cs/bits>>, A, B1, B2) ->
- case element(C3, ?DECODE_MAP) of
- ws -> decode_binary(Cs, A, B1, B2);
- B3 -> decode_binary(Cs, A, B1, B2, B3)
+mime_decode_list([0 | Cs], A, B1, B2) ->
+ mime_decode_list(Cs, A, B1, B2);
+mime_decode_list([C3 | Cs], A, B1, B2) ->
+ case b64d(C3) of
+ B3 when is_integer(B3) ->
+ mime_decode_list(Cs, A, B1, B2, B3);
+ eq=B3 ->
+ mime_decode_list_after_eq(Cs, A, B1, B2, B3);
+ _ -> mime_decode_list(Cs, A, B1, B2)
end.
-decode_binary(<<C4:8, Cs/bits>>, A, B1, B2, B3) ->
- case element(C4, ?DECODE_MAP) of
- ws -> decode_binary(Cs, A, B1, B2, B3);
- eq when B3 =:= eq -> only_ws_binary(Cs, <<A/binary,B1:6,(B2 bsr 4):2>>);
- eq -> only_ws_binary(Cs, <<A/binary,B1:6,B2:6,(B3 bsr 2):4>>);
- B4 -> decode_binary(Cs, <<A/binary,B1:6,B2:6,B3:6,B4:6>>)
+mime_decode_list([0 | Cs], A, B1, B2, B3) ->
+ mime_decode_list(Cs, A, B1, B2, B3);
+mime_decode_list([C4 | Cs], A, B1, B2, B3) ->
+ case b64d(C4) of
+ B4 when is_integer(B4) ->
+ mime_decode_list(Cs, <<A/bits,B1:6,B2:6,B3:6,B4:6>>);
+ eq ->
+ mime_decode_list_after_eq(Cs, A, B1, B2, B3);
+ _ -> mime_decode_list(Cs, A, B1, B2, B3)
end.
-only_ws_binary(<<>>, A) ->
- A;
-only_ws_binary(<<C:8, Cs/bits>>, A) ->
- case element(C, ?DECODE_MAP) of
- ws -> only_ws_binary(Cs, A);
- _ -> erlang:error(function_clause)
+mime_decode_list_after_eq([0 | Cs], A, B1, B2, B3) ->
+ mime_decode_list_after_eq(Cs, A, B1, B2, B3);
+mime_decode_list_after_eq([C | Cs], A, B1, B2, B3) ->
+ case b64d(C) of
+ B when is_integer(B) ->
+ %% More valid data, skip the eq as invalid
+ case B3 of
+ eq -> mime_decode_list(Cs, A, B1, B2, B);
+ _ -> mime_decode_list(Cs, <<A/bits,B1:6,B2:6,B3:6,B:6>>)
+ end;
+ _ -> mime_decode_list_after_eq(Cs, A, B1, B2, B3)
+ end;
+mime_decode_list_after_eq([], A, B1, B2, eq) ->
+ <<A/bits,B1:6,(B2 bsr 4):2>>;
+mime_decode_list_after_eq([], A, B1, B2, B3) ->
+ <<A/bits,B1:6,B2:6,(B3 bsr 2):4>>.
+
+mime_decode_binary(<<0:8, Cs/bits>>, A) ->
+ mime_decode_binary(Cs, A);
+mime_decode_binary(<<C1:8, Cs/bits>>, A) ->
+ case b64d(C1) of
+ B1 when is_integer(B1) -> mime_decode_binary(Cs, A, B1);
+ _ -> mime_decode_binary(Cs, A) % eq is padding
+ end;
+mime_decode_binary(<<>>, A) ->
+ A.
+
+mime_decode_binary(<<0:8, Cs/bits>>, A, B1) ->
+ mime_decode_binary(Cs, A, B1);
+mime_decode_binary(<<C2:8, Cs/bits>>, A, B1) ->
+ case b64d(C2) of
+ B2 when is_integer(B2) ->
+ mime_decode_binary(Cs, A, B1, B2);
+ _ -> mime_decode_binary(Cs, A, B1) % eq is padding
end.
-%% Skipping pad character if not at end of string. Also liberal about
-%% excess padding and skipping of other illegal (non-base64 alphabet)
-%% characters. See section 3.3 of RFC4648
-mime_decode_binary(Result, <<0:8,T/bits>>) ->
- mime_decode_binary(Result, T);
-mime_decode_binary(Result0, <<C:8,T/bits>>) ->
- case element(C, ?DECODE_MAP) of
- Bits when is_integer(Bits) ->
- mime_decode_binary(<<Result0/bits,Bits:6>>, T);
+mime_decode_binary(<<0:8, Cs/bits>>, A, B1, B2) ->
+ mime_decode_binary(Cs, A, B1, B2);
+mime_decode_binary(<<C3:8, Cs/bits>>, A, B1, B2) ->
+ case b64d(C3) of
+ B3 when is_integer(B3) ->
+ mime_decode_binary(Cs, A, B1, B2, B3);
+ eq=B3 ->
+ mime_decode_binary_after_eq(Cs, A, B1, B2, B3);
+ _ -> mime_decode_binary(Cs, A, B1, B2)
+ end.
+
+mime_decode_binary(<<0:8, Cs/bits>>, A, B1, B2, B3) ->
+ mime_decode_binary(Cs, A, B1, B2, B3);
+mime_decode_binary(<<C4:8, Cs/bits>>, A, B1, B2, B3) ->
+ case b64d(C4) of
+ B4 when is_integer(B4) ->
+ mime_decode_binary(Cs, <<A/bits,B1:6,B2:6,B3:6,B4:6>>);
eq ->
- mime_decode_binary_after_eq(Result0, T, false);
- _ ->
- mime_decode_binary(Result0, T)
+ mime_decode_binary_after_eq(Cs, A, B1, B2, B3);
+ _ -> mime_decode_binary(Cs, A, B1, B2, B3)
+ end.
+
+mime_decode_binary_after_eq(<<0:8, Cs/bits>>, A, B1, B2, B3) ->
+ mime_decode_binary_after_eq(Cs, A, B1, B2, B3);
+mime_decode_binary_after_eq(<<C:8, Cs/bits>>, A, B1, B2, B3) ->
+ case b64d(C) of
+ B when is_integer(B) ->
+ %% More valid data, skip the eq as invalid
+ case B3 of
+ eq -> mime_decode_binary(Cs, A, B1, B2, B);
+ _ -> mime_decode_binary(Cs, <<A/bits,B1:6,B2:6,B3:6,B:6>>)
+ end;
+ _ -> mime_decode_binary_after_eq(Cs, A, B1, B2, B3)
end;
-mime_decode_binary(Result, _) ->
- true = is_binary(Result),
- Result.
-
-mime_decode_binary_after_eq(Result, <<0:8,T/bits>>, Eq) ->
- mime_decode_binary_after_eq(Result, T, Eq);
-mime_decode_binary_after_eq(Result0, <<C:8,T/bits>>, Eq) ->
- case element(C, ?DECODE_MAP) of
- bad ->
- mime_decode_binary_after_eq(Result0, T, Eq);
- ws ->
- mime_decode_binary_after_eq(Result0, T, Eq);
+mime_decode_binary_after_eq(<<>>, A, B1, B2, eq) ->
+ <<A/bits,B1:6,(B2 bsr 4):2>>;
+mime_decode_binary_after_eq(<<>>, A, B1, B2, B3) ->
+ <<A/bits,B1:6,B2:6,(B3 bsr 2):4>>.
+
+mime_decode_list_to_string([0 | Cs]) ->
+ mime_decode_list_to_string(Cs);
+mime_decode_list_to_string([C1 | Cs]) ->
+ case b64d(C1) of
+ B1 when is_integer(B1) -> mime_decode_list_to_string(Cs, B1);
+ _ -> mime_decode_list_to_string(Cs) % eq is padding
+ end;
+mime_decode_list_to_string([]) ->
+ [].
+
+mime_decode_list_to_string([0 | Cs], B1) ->
+ mime_decode_list_to_string(Cs, B1);
+mime_decode_list_to_string([C2 | Cs], B1) ->
+ case b64d(C2) of
+ B2 when is_integer(B2) ->
+ mime_decode_list_to_string(Cs, B1, B2);
+ _ -> mime_decode_list_to_string(Cs, B1) % eq is padding
+ end.
+
+mime_decode_list_to_string([0 | Cs], B1, B2) ->
+ mime_decode_list_to_string(Cs, B1, B2);
+mime_decode_list_to_string([C3 | Cs], B1, B2) ->
+ case b64d(C3) of
+ B3 when is_integer(B3) ->
+ mime_decode_list_to_string(Cs, B1, B2, B3);
+ eq=B3 -> mime_decode_list_to_string_after_eq(Cs, B1, B2, B3);
+ _ -> mime_decode_list_to_string(Cs, B1, B2)
+ end.
+
+mime_decode_list_to_string([0 | Cs], B1, B2, B3) ->
+ mime_decode_list_to_string(Cs, B1, B2, B3);
+mime_decode_list_to_string([C4 | Cs], B1, B2, B3) ->
+ case b64d(C4) of
+ B4 when is_integer(B4) ->
+ Bits4x6 = (B1 bsl 18) bor (B2 bsl 12) bor (B3 bsl 6) bor B4,
+ Octet1 = Bits4x6 bsr 16,
+ Octet2 = (Bits4x6 bsr 8) band 16#ff,
+ Octet3 = Bits4x6 band 16#ff,
+ [Octet1, Octet2, Octet3 | mime_decode_list_to_string(Cs)];
eq ->
- mime_decode_binary_after_eq(Result0, T, true);
- Bits when is_integer(Bits) ->
+ mime_decode_list_to_string_after_eq(Cs, B1, B2, B3);
+ _ -> mime_decode_list_to_string(Cs, B1, B2, B3)
+ end.
+
+mime_decode_list_to_string_after_eq([0 | Cs], B1, B2, B3) ->
+ mime_decode_list_to_string_after_eq(Cs, B1, B2, B3);
+mime_decode_list_to_string_after_eq([C | Cs], B1, B2, B3) ->
+ case b64d(C) of
+ B when is_integer(B) ->
%% More valid data, skip the eq as invalid
- mime_decode_binary(<<Result0/bits,Bits:6>>, T)
+ case B3 of
+ eq -> mime_decode_list_to_string(Cs, B1, B2, B);
+ _ ->
+ Bits4x6 = (B1 bsl 18) bor (B2 bsl 12) bor (B3 bsl 6) bor B,
+ Octet1 = Bits4x6 bsr 16,
+ Octet2 = (Bits4x6 bsr 8) band 16#ff,
+ Octet3 = Bits4x6 band 16#ff,
+ [Octet1, Octet2, Octet3 | mime_decode_list_to_string(Cs)]
+ end;
+ _ -> mime_decode_list_to_string_after_eq(Cs, B1, B2, B3)
end;
-mime_decode_binary_after_eq(Result0, <<>>, Eq) ->
- %% No more valid data.
- case bit_size(Result0) rem 8 of
- 0 ->
- %% '====' is not uncommon.
- Result0;
- 4 when Eq ->
- %% enforce at least one more '=' only ignoring illegals and spacing
- Split = byte_size(Result0) - 1,
- <<Result:Split/bytes,_:4>> = Result0,
- Result;
- 2 ->
- %% remove 2 bits
- Split = byte_size(Result0) - 1,
- <<Result:Split/bytes,_:2>> = Result0,
- Result
- end.
+mime_decode_list_to_string_after_eq([], B1, B2, eq) ->
+ binary_to_list(<<B1:6,(B2 bsr 4):2>>);
+mime_decode_list_to_string_after_eq([], B1, B2, B3) ->
+ binary_to_list(<<B1:6,B2:6,(B3 bsr 2):4>>).
decode_list([C1 | Cs], A) ->
- case element(C1, ?DECODE_MAP) of
+ case b64d(C1) of
ws -> decode_list(Cs, A);
B1 -> decode_list(Cs, A, B1)
end;
@@ -281,122 +332,130 @@ decode_list([], A) ->
A.
decode_list([C2 | Cs], A, B1) ->
- case element(C2, ?DECODE_MAP) of
+ case b64d(C2) of
ws -> decode_list(Cs, A, B1);
B2 -> decode_list(Cs, A, B1, B2)
end.
decode_list([C3 | Cs], A, B1, B2) ->
- case element(C3, ?DECODE_MAP) of
+ case b64d(C3) of
ws -> decode_list(Cs, A, B1, B2);
B3 -> decode_list(Cs, A, B1, B2, B3)
end.
decode_list([C4 | Cs], A, B1, B2, B3) ->
- case element(C4, ?DECODE_MAP) of
+ case b64d(C4) of
ws -> decode_list(Cs, A, B1, B2, B3);
- eq when B3 =:= eq -> only_ws(Cs, <<A/binary,B1:6,(B2 bsr 4):2>>);
- eq -> only_ws(Cs, <<A/binary,B1:6,B2:6,(B3 bsr 2):4>>);
- B4 -> decode_list(Cs, <<A/binary,B1:6,B2:6,B3:6,B4:6>>)
+ eq when B3 =:= eq -> only_ws(Cs, <<A/bits,B1:6,(B2 bsr 4):2>>);
+ eq -> only_ws(Cs, <<A/bits,B1:6,B2:6,(B3 bsr 2):4>>);
+ B4 -> decode_list(Cs, <<A/bits,B1:6,B2:6,B3:6,B4:6>>)
end.
-only_ws([], A) ->
- A;
-only_ws([C | Cs], A) ->
- case element(C, ?DECODE_MAP) of
- ws -> only_ws(Cs, A);
- _ -> erlang:error(function_clause)
- end.
+decode_binary(<<C1:8, Cs/bits>>, A) ->
+ case b64d(C1) of
+ ws -> decode_binary(Cs, A);
+ B1 -> decode_binary(Cs, A, B1)
+ end;
+decode_binary(<<>>, A) ->
+ A.
-decode([], A) -> A;
-decode([$=,$=,C2,C1|Cs], A) ->
- Bits2x6 = (b64d(C1) bsl 18) bor (b64d(C2) bsl 12),
- Octet1 = Bits2x6 bsr 16,
- decode(Cs, [Octet1|A]);
-decode([$=,C3,C2,C1|Cs], A) ->
- Bits3x6 = (b64d(C1) bsl 18) bor (b64d(C2) bsl 12)
- bor (b64d(C3) bsl 6),
- Octet1 = Bits3x6 bsr 16,
- Octet2 = (Bits3x6 bsr 8) band 16#ff,
- decode(Cs, [Octet1,Octet2|A]);
-decode([C4,C3,C2,C1| Cs], A) ->
- Bits4x6 = (b64d(C1) bsl 18) bor (b64d(C2) bsl 12)
- bor (b64d(C3) bsl 6) bor b64d(C4),
- Octet1 = Bits4x6 bsr 16,
- Octet2 = (Bits4x6 bsr 8) band 16#ff,
- Octet3 = Bits4x6 band 16#ff,
- decode(Cs, [Octet1,Octet2,Octet3|A]).
+decode_binary(<<C2:8, Cs/bits>>, A, B1) ->
+ case b64d(C2) of
+ ws -> decode_binary(Cs, A, B1);
+ B2 -> decode_binary(Cs, A, B1, B2)
+ end.
-%%%========================================================================
-%%% Internal functions
-%%%========================================================================
+decode_binary(<<C3:8, Cs/bits>>, A, B1, B2) ->
+ case b64d(C3) of
+ ws -> decode_binary(Cs, A, B1, B2);
+ B3 -> decode_binary(Cs, A, B1, B2, B3)
+ end.
-strip_spaces([], A) -> A;
-strip_spaces([$\s|Cs], A) -> strip_spaces(Cs, A);
-strip_spaces([$\t|Cs], A) -> strip_spaces(Cs, A);
-strip_spaces([$\r|Cs], A) -> strip_spaces(Cs, A);
-strip_spaces([$\n|Cs], A) -> strip_spaces(Cs, A);
-strip_spaces([C|Cs], A) -> strip_spaces(Cs, [C | A]).
+decode_binary(<<C4:8, Cs/bits>>, A, B1, B2, B3) ->
+ case b64d(C4) of
+ ws -> decode_binary(Cs, A, B1, B2, B3);
+ eq when B3 =:= eq -> only_ws_binary(Cs, <<A/bits,B1:6,(B2 bsr 4):2>>);
+ eq -> only_ws_binary(Cs, <<A/bits,B1:6,B2:6,(B3 bsr 2):4>>);
+ B4 -> decode_binary(Cs, <<A/bits,B1:6,B2:6,B3:6,B4:6>>)
+ end.
-%% Skipping pad character if not at end of string. Also liberal about
-%% excess padding and skipping of other illegal (non-base64 alphabet)
-%% characters. See section 3.3 of RFC4648
-strip_illegal([], A, _Cnt) ->
+only_ws_binary(<<>>, A) ->
A;
-strip_illegal([0|Cs], A, Cnt) ->
- strip_illegal(Cs, A, Cnt);
-strip_illegal([C|Cs], A, Cnt) ->
- case element(C, ?DECODE_MAP) of
- bad ->
- strip_illegal(Cs, A, Cnt);
- ws ->
- strip_illegal(Cs, A, Cnt);
- eq ->
- case {tail_contains_more(Cs, false), Cnt rem 4} of
- {{[], _}, 0} ->
- A; %% Ignore extra =
- {{[], true}, 2} ->
- [$=|[$=|A]]; %% 'XX=='
- {{[], _}, 3} ->
- [$=|A]; %% 'XXX='
- {{[H|T], _}, _} ->
- %% more data, skip equals
- strip_illegal(T, [H|A], Cnt+1)
- end;
- _ ->
- strip_illegal(Cs, [C|A], Cnt+1)
+only_ws_binary(<<C:8, Cs/bits>>, A) ->
+ case b64d(C) of
+ ws -> only_ws_binary(Cs, A)
end.
-%% Search the tail for more valid data and remember if we saw
-%% another equals along the way.
-tail_contains_more([], Eq) ->
- {[], Eq};
-tail_contains_more(<<>>, Eq) ->
- {<<>>, Eq};
-tail_contains_more([C|T]=More, Eq) ->
- case element(C, ?DECODE_MAP) of
- bad ->
- tail_contains_more(T, Eq);
- ws ->
- tail_contains_more(T, Eq);
- eq ->
- tail_contains_more(T, true);
- _ ->
- {More, Eq}
+decode_list_to_string([C1 | Cs]) ->
+ case b64d(C1) of
+ ws -> decode_list_to_string(Cs);
+ B1 -> decode_list_to_string(Cs, B1)
end;
-tail_contains_more(<<C:8,T/bits>> =More, Eq) ->
- case element(C, ?DECODE_MAP) of
- bad ->
- tail_contains_more(T, Eq);
- ws ->
- tail_contains_more(T, Eq);
- eq ->
- tail_contains_more(T, true);
- _ ->
- {More, Eq}
+decode_list_to_string([]) ->
+ [].
+
+decode_list_to_string([C2 | Cs], B1) ->
+ case b64d(C2) of
+ ws -> decode_list_to_string(Cs, B1);
+ B2 -> decode_list_to_string(Cs, B1, B2)
+ end.
+
+decode_list_to_string([C3 | Cs], B1, B2) ->
+ case b64d(C3) of
+ ws -> decode_list_to_string(Cs, B1, B2);
+ B3 -> decode_list_to_string(Cs, B1, B2, B3)
+ end.
+
+decode_list_to_string([C4 | Cs], B1, B2, B3) ->
+ case b64d(C4) of
+ ws ->
+ decode_list_to_string(Cs, B1, B2, B3);
+ eq when B3 =:= eq ->
+ only_ws(Cs, binary_to_list(<<B1:6,(B2 bsr 4):2>>));
+ eq ->
+ only_ws(Cs, binary_to_list(<<B1:6,B2:6,(B3 bsr 2):4>>));
+ B4 ->
+ Bits4x6 = (B1 bsl 18) bor (B2 bsl 12) bor (B3 bsl 6) bor B4,
+ Octet1 = Bits4x6 bsr 16,
+ Octet2 = (Bits4x6 bsr 8) band 16#ff,
+ Octet3 = Bits4x6 band 16#ff,
+ [Octet1, Octet2, Octet3 | decode_list_to_string(Cs)]
+ end.
+
+only_ws([], A) ->
+ A;
+only_ws([C | Cs], A) ->
+ case b64d(C) of
+ ws -> only_ws(Cs, A)
end.
-
+
+%%%========================================================================
+%%% Internal functions
+%%%========================================================================
+
%% accessors
+-compile({inline, [{b64d, 1}]}).
+%% One-based decode map.
+b64d(X) ->
+ element(X,
+ {bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,ws,ws,bad,bad,ws,bad,bad, %1-15
+ bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad, %16-31
+ ws,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,62,bad,bad,bad,63, %32-47
+ 52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,bad,bad,bad,eq,bad,bad, %48-63
+ bad,0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,
+ 15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,
+ bad,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,
+ 41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,
+ bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,
+ bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,
+ bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,
+ bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,
+ bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,
+ bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,
+ bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,
+ bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad,bad}).
+
+-compile({inline, [{b64e, 1}]}).
b64e(X) ->
element(X+1,
{$A, $B, $C, $D, $E, $F, $G, $H, $I, $J, $K, $L, $M, $N,
@@ -404,9 +463,3 @@ b64e(X) ->
$a, $b, $c, $d, $e, $f, $g, $h, $i, $j, $k, $l, $m, $n,
$o, $p, $q, $r, $s, $t, $u, $v, $w, $x, $y, $z,
$0, $1, $2, $3, $4, $5, $6, $7, $8, $9, $+, $/}).
-
-
-b64d(X) ->
- b64d_ok(element(X, ?DECODE_MAP)).
-
-b64d_ok(I) when is_integer(I) -> I.
diff --git a/lib/stdlib/src/erl_compile.erl b/lib/stdlib/src/erl_compile.erl
index 18d7548fdc..f781312ca2 100644
--- a/lib/stdlib/src/erl_compile.erl
+++ b/lib/stdlib/src/erl_compile.erl
@@ -188,6 +188,8 @@ parse_dep_option("", T) ->
{[makedep,{makedep_output,standard_io}],T};
parse_dep_option("D", T) ->
{[makedep],T};
+parse_dep_option("MD", T) ->
+ {[makedep_side_effect],T};
parse_dep_option("F"++Opt, T0) ->
{File,T} = get_option("MF", Opt, T0),
{[makedep,{makedep_output,File}],T};
@@ -221,6 +223,7 @@ usage() ->
"the dependencies"},
{"-MP","add a phony target for each dependency"},
{"-MD","same as -M -MT file (with default 'file')"},
+ {"-MMD","generate dependencies as a side-effect"},
{"-o name","name output directory or file"},
{"-pa path","add path to the front of Erlang's code path"},
{"-pz path","add path to the end of Erlang's code path"},
diff --git a/lib/stdlib/src/erl_lint.erl b/lib/stdlib/src/erl_lint.erl
index f58cb35cea..1930c462e8 100644
--- a/lib/stdlib/src/erl_lint.erl
+++ b/lib/stdlib/src/erl_lint.erl
@@ -144,6 +144,7 @@ value_option(Flag, Default, On, OnVal, Off, OffVal, Opts) ->
:: dict:dict(ta(), #typeinfo{}),
exp_types=gb_sets:empty() %Exported types
:: gb_sets:set(ta()),
+ in_try_head=false :: boolean(), %In a try head.
catch_scope = none %Inside/outside try or catch
:: catch_scope()
}).
@@ -312,6 +313,10 @@ format_error({unused_var, V}) ->
io_lib:format("variable ~w is unused", [V]);
format_error({variable_in_record_def,V}) ->
io_lib:format("variable ~w in record definition", [V]);
+format_error({stacktrace_guard,V}) ->
+ io_lib:format("stacktrace variable ~w must not be used in a guard", [V]);
+format_error({stacktrace_bound,V}) ->
+ io_lib:format("stacktrace variable ~w must not be previously bound", [V]);
%% --- binaries ---
format_error({undefined_bittype,Type}) ->
io_lib:format("bit type ~tw undefined", [Type]);
@@ -3218,11 +3223,11 @@ is_module_dialyzer_option(Option) ->
try_clauses(Scs, Ccs, In, Vt, St0) ->
{Csvt0,St1} = icrt_clauses(Scs, Vt, St0),
- St2 = St1#lint{catch_scope=try_catch},
+ St2 = St1#lint{catch_scope=try_catch,in_try_head=true},
{Csvt1,St3} = icrt_clauses(Ccs, Vt, St2),
Csvt = Csvt0 ++ Csvt1,
UpdVt = icrt_export(Csvt, Vt, In, St3),
- {UpdVt,St3}.
+ {UpdVt,St3#lint{in_try_head=false}}.
%% icrt_clauses(Clauses, In, ImportVarTable, State) ->
%% {UpdVt,State}.
@@ -3239,12 +3244,29 @@ icrt_clauses(Cs, Vt, St) ->
mapfoldl(fun (C, St0) -> icrt_clause(C, Vt, St0) end, St, Cs).
icrt_clause({clause,_Line,H,G,B}, Vt0, #lint{catch_scope=Scope}=St0) ->
- {Hvt,Binvt,St1} = head(H, Vt0, St0),
- Vt1 = vtupdate(Hvt, Binvt),
- {Gvt,St2} = guard(G, vtupdate(Vt1, Vt0), St1),
- Vt2 = vtupdate(Gvt, Vt1),
- {Bvt,St3} = exprs(B, vtupdate(Vt2, Vt0), St2),
- {vtupdate(Bvt, Vt2),St3#lint{catch_scope=Scope}}.
+ Vt1 = taint_stack_var(Vt0, H, St0),
+ {Hvt,Binvt,St1} = head(H, Vt1, St0),
+ Vt2 = vtupdate(Hvt, Binvt),
+ Vt3 = taint_stack_var(Vt2, H, St0),
+ {Gvt,St2} = guard(G, vtupdate(Vt3, Vt0), St1#lint{in_try_head=false}),
+ Vt4 = vtupdate(Gvt, Vt2),
+ {Bvt,St3} = exprs(B, vtupdate(Vt4, Vt0), St2),
+ {vtupdate(Bvt, Vt4),St3#lint{catch_scope=Scope}}.
+
+taint_stack_var(Vt, Pat, #lint{in_try_head=true}) ->
+ [{tuple,_,[_,_,{var,_,Stk}]}] = Pat,
+ case Stk of
+ '_' ->
+ Vt;
+ _ ->
+ lists:map(fun({V,{bound,Used,Lines}}) when V =:= Stk ->
+ {V,{stacktrace,Used,Lines}};
+ (B) ->
+ B
+ end, Vt)
+ end;
+taint_stack_var(Vt, _Pat, #lint{in_try_head=false}) ->
+ Vt.
icrt_export(Vts, Vt, {Tag,Attrs}, St) ->
{_File,Loc} = loc(Attrs, St),
@@ -3484,6 +3506,9 @@ pat_var(V, Line, Vt, Bvt, St) ->
{[{V,{bound,used,Ls}}],[],
%% As this is matching, exported vars are risky.
add_warning(Line, {exported_var,V,From}, St)};
+ {ok,{stacktrace,_Usage,Ls}} ->
+ {[{V,{bound,used,Ls}}],[],
+ add_error(Line, {stacktrace_bound,V}, St)};
error when St#lint.recdef_top ->
{[],[{V,{bound,unused,[Line]}}],
add_error(Line, {variable_in_record_def,V}, St)};
@@ -3541,6 +3566,9 @@ expr_var(V, Line, Vt, St) ->
false ->
{[{V,{{export,From},used,Ls}}],St}
end;
+ {ok,{stacktrace,_Usage,Ls}} ->
+ {[{V,{bound,used,Ls}}],
+ add_error(Line, {stacktrace_guard,V}, St)};
error ->
{[{V,{bound,used,[Line]}}],
add_error(Line, {unbound_var,V}, St)}
diff --git a/lib/stdlib/src/erl_parse.yrl b/lib/stdlib/src/erl_parse.yrl
index 6e72d64acc..14ca24362e 100644
--- a/lib/stdlib/src/erl_parse.yrl
+++ b/lib/stdlib/src/erl_parse.yrl
@@ -29,6 +29,10 @@ clause_args clause_guard clause_body
expr expr_100 expr_150 expr_160 expr_200 expr_300 expr_400 expr_500
expr_600 expr_700 expr_800
expr_max
+pat_expr pat_expr_200 pat_expr_300 pat_expr_400 pat_expr_500
+pat_expr_600 pat_expr_700 pat_expr_800
+pat_expr_max map_pat_expr record_pat_expr
+pat_argument_list pat_exprs
list tail
list_comprehension lc_expr lc_exprs
binary_comprehension
@@ -37,7 +41,7 @@ record_expr record_tuple record_field record_fields
map_expr map_tuple map_field map_field_assoc map_field_exact map_fields map_key
if_expr if_clause if_clauses case_expr cr_clause cr_clauses receive_expr
fun_expr fun_clause fun_clauses atom_or_var integer_or_var
-try_expr try_catch try_clause try_clauses
+try_expr try_catch try_clause try_clauses try_opt_stacktrace
function_call argument_list
exprs guard
atomic strings
@@ -66,7 +70,7 @@ char integer float atom string var
'spec' 'callback' % helper
dot.
-Expect 2.
+Expect 0.
Rootsymbol form.
@@ -210,7 +214,7 @@ function_clause -> atom clause_args clause_guard clause_body :
{clause,?anno('$1'),element(3, '$1'),'$2','$3','$4'}.
-clause_args -> argument_list : element(1, '$1').
+clause_args -> pat_argument_list : element(1, '$1').
clause_guard -> 'when' guard : '$2'.
clause_guard -> '$empty' : [].
@@ -275,6 +279,53 @@ expr_max -> receive_expr : '$1'.
expr_max -> fun_expr : '$1'.
expr_max -> try_expr : '$1'.
+pat_expr -> pat_expr_200 '=' pat_expr : {match,?anno('$2'),'$1','$3'}.
+pat_expr -> pat_expr_200 : '$1'.
+
+pat_expr_200 -> pat_expr_300 comp_op pat_expr_300 :
+ ?mkop2('$1', '$2', '$3').
+pat_expr_200 -> pat_expr_300 : '$1'.
+
+pat_expr_300 -> pat_expr_400 list_op pat_expr_300 :
+ ?mkop2('$1', '$2', '$3').
+pat_expr_300 -> pat_expr_400 : '$1'.
+
+pat_expr_400 -> pat_expr_400 add_op pat_expr_500 :
+ ?mkop2('$1', '$2', '$3').
+pat_expr_400 -> pat_expr_500 : '$1'.
+
+pat_expr_500 -> pat_expr_500 mult_op pat_expr_600 :
+ ?mkop2('$1', '$2', '$3').
+pat_expr_500 -> pat_expr_600 : '$1'.
+
+pat_expr_600 -> prefix_op pat_expr_700 :
+ ?mkop1('$1', '$2').
+pat_expr_600 -> map_pat_expr : '$1'.
+pat_expr_600 -> pat_expr_700 : '$1'.
+
+pat_expr_700 -> record_pat_expr : '$1'.
+pat_expr_700 -> pat_expr_800 : '$1'.
+
+pat_expr_800 -> pat_expr_max : '$1'.
+
+pat_expr_max -> var : '$1'.
+pat_expr_max -> atomic : '$1'.
+pat_expr_max -> list : '$1'.
+pat_expr_max -> binary : '$1'.
+pat_expr_max -> tuple : '$1'.
+pat_expr_max -> '(' pat_expr ')' : '$2'.
+
+map_pat_expr -> '#' map_tuple :
+ {map, ?anno('$1'),'$2'}.
+map_pat_expr -> pat_expr_max '#' map_tuple :
+ {map, ?anno('$2'),'$1','$3'}.
+map_pat_expr -> map_pat_expr '#' map_tuple :
+ {map, ?anno('$2'),'$1','$3'}.
+
+record_pat_expr -> '#' atom '.' atom :
+ {record_index,?anno('$1'),element(3, '$2'),'$4'}.
+record_pat_expr -> '#' atom record_tuple :
+ {record,?anno('$1'),element(3, '$2'),'$3'}.
list -> '[' ']' : {nil,?anno('$1')}.
list -> '[' expr tail : {cons,?anno('$1'),'$2','$3'}.
@@ -397,6 +448,10 @@ case_expr -> 'case' expr 'of' cr_clauses 'end' :
cr_clauses -> cr_clause : ['$1'].
cr_clauses -> cr_clause ';' cr_clauses : ['$1' | '$3'].
+%% FIXME: merl in syntax_tools depends on patterns in a 'case' being
+%% full expressions. Therefore, we can't use pat_expr here. There
+%% should be a better way.
+
cr_clause -> expr clause_guard clause_body :
{clause,?anno('$1'),['$1'],'$2','$3'}.
@@ -424,11 +479,11 @@ integer_or_var -> var : '$1'.
fun_clauses -> fun_clause : ['$1'].
fun_clauses -> fun_clause ';' fun_clauses : ['$1' | '$3'].
-fun_clause -> argument_list clause_guard clause_body :
+fun_clause -> pat_argument_list clause_guard clause_body :
{Args,Anno} = '$1',
{clause,Anno,'fun',Args,'$2','$3'}.
-fun_clause -> var argument_list clause_guard clause_body :
+fun_clause -> var pat_argument_list clause_guard clause_body :
{clause,element(2, '$1'),element(3, '$1'),element(1, '$2'),'$3','$4'}.
try_expr -> 'try' exprs 'of' cr_clauses try_catch :
@@ -446,24 +501,31 @@ try_catch -> 'after' exprs 'end' :
try_clauses -> try_clause : ['$1'].
try_clauses -> try_clause ';' try_clauses : ['$1' | '$3'].
-try_clause -> expr clause_guard clause_body :
+try_clause -> pat_expr clause_guard clause_body :
A = ?anno('$1'),
{clause,A,[{tuple,A,[{atom,A,throw},'$1',{var,A,'_'}]}],'$2','$3'}.
-try_clause -> atom ':' expr clause_guard clause_body :
+try_clause -> atom ':' pat_expr try_opt_stacktrace clause_guard clause_body :
A = ?anno('$1'),
- {clause,A,[{tuple,A,['$1','$3',{var,A,'_'}]}],'$4','$5'}.
-try_clause -> var ':' expr clause_guard clause_body :
+ {clause,A,[{tuple,A,['$1','$3',{var,A,'$4'}]}],'$5','$6'}.
+try_clause -> var ':' pat_expr try_opt_stacktrace clause_guard clause_body :
A = ?anno('$1'),
- {clause,A,[{tuple,A,['$1','$3',{var,A,'_'}]}],'$4','$5'}.
+ {clause,A,[{tuple,A,['$1','$3',{var,A,'$4'}]}],'$5','$6'}.
+try_opt_stacktrace -> ':' var : element(3, '$2').
+try_opt_stacktrace -> '$empty' : '_'.
argument_list -> '(' ')' : {[],?anno('$1')}.
argument_list -> '(' exprs ')' : {'$2',?anno('$1')}.
+pat_argument_list -> '(' ')' : {[],?anno('$1')}.
+pat_argument_list -> '(' pat_exprs ')' : {'$2',?anno('$1')}.
exprs -> expr : ['$1'].
exprs -> expr ',' exprs : ['$1' | '$3'].
+pat_exprs -> pat_expr : ['$1'].
+pat_exprs -> pat_expr ',' pat_exprs : ['$1' | '$3'].
+
guard -> exprs : ['$1'].
guard -> exprs ';' guard : ['$1'|'$3'].
diff --git a/lib/stdlib/src/gen.erl b/lib/stdlib/src/gen.erl
index 33af0aed8f..4b1d448487 100644
--- a/lib/stdlib/src/gen.erl
+++ b/lib/stdlib/src/gen.erl
@@ -49,6 +49,7 @@
| {'logfile', string()}.
-type option() :: {'timeout', timeout()}
| {'debug', [debug_flag()]}
+ | {'hibernate_after', timeout()}
| {'spawn_opt', [proc_lib:spawn_option()]}.
-type options() :: [option()].