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-rw-r--r--lib/stdlib/doc/src/binary.xml2
-rw-r--r--lib/stdlib/doc/src/gen_statem.xml1723
2 files changed, 896 insertions, 829 deletions
diff --git a/lib/stdlib/doc/src/binary.xml b/lib/stdlib/doc/src/binary.xml
index 5402fd0163..933157fc34 100644
--- a/lib/stdlib/doc/src/binary.xml
+++ b/lib/stdlib/doc/src/binary.xml
@@ -366,7 +366,7 @@
<code>
1> binary:matches(&lt;&lt;"abcde"&gt;&gt;,
- [&lt;&lt;"bcde"&gt;&gt;,&lt;&lt;"bc"&gt;&gt;>,&lt;&lt;"de"&gt;&gt;],[]).
+ [&lt;&lt;"bcde"&gt;&gt;,&lt;&lt;"bc"&gt;&gt;,&lt;&lt;"de"&gt;&gt;],[]).
[{1,4}]
</code>
diff --git a/lib/stdlib/doc/src/gen_statem.xml b/lib/stdlib/doc/src/gen_statem.xml
index d83e17b177..be90488a1f 100644
--- a/lib/stdlib/doc/src/gen_statem.xml
+++ b/lib/stdlib/doc/src/gen_statem.xml
@@ -29,39 +29,49 @@
<rev></rev>
</header>
<module>gen_statem</module>
- <modulesummary>Generic State Machine Behaviour</modulesummary>
+ <modulesummary>Generic state machine behavior.</modulesummary>
<description>
<p>
- A behaviour module for implementing a state machine. Two
+ This behavior module provides a state machine. Two
<seealso marker="#type-callback_mode"><em>callback modes</em></seealso>
- are supported. One for finite state machines
- (<seealso marker="gen_fsm"><c>gen_fsm</c></seealso> like)
- that requires the state to be an atom and uses that state as
- the name of the current callback function,
- and one without restriction on the state data type
- that uses one callback function for all states.
- </p>
- <p>
- This is a new behaviour in OTP-19.0.
- It has been thoroughly reviewed, is stable enough
- to be used by at least two heavy OTP applications, and is here to stay.
- But depending on user feedback, we do not expect
- but might find it necessary to make minor
- not backwards compatible changes into OTP-20.0,
- so its state can be designated as "not quite experimental"...
+ are supported:
</p>
+ <list type="bulleted">
+ <item>
+ <p>One for finite-state machines
+ (<seealso marker="gen_fsm"><c>gen_fsm</c></seealso> like),
+ which requires the state to be an atom and uses that state as
+ the name of the current callback function
+ </p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>One without restriction on the state data type
+ that uses one callback function for all states
+ </p>
+ </item>
+ </list>
+ <note>
+ <p>
+ This is a new behavior in Erlang/OTP 19.0.
+ It has been thoroughly reviewed, is stable enough
+ to be used by at least two heavy OTP applications, and is here to stay.
+ Depending on user feedback, we do not expect
+ but can find it necessary to make minor
+ not backward compatible changes into Erlang/OTP 20.0.
+ </p>
+ </note>
<p>
- The <c>gen_statem</c> behaviour is intended to replace
+ The <c>gen_statem</c> behavior is intended to replace
<seealso marker="gen_fsm"><c>gen_fsm</c></seealso> for new code.
- It has the same features and add some really useful:
+ It has the same features and adds some really useful:
</p>
<list type="bulleted">
- <item>State code is gathered</item>
- <item>The state can be any term</item>
- <item>Events can be postponed</item>
- <item>Events can be self generated</item>
- <item>A reply can be sent from a later state</item>
- <item>There can be multiple sys traceable replies</item>
+ <item>State code is gathered.</item>
+ <item>The state can be any term.</item>
+ <item>Events can be postponed.</item>
+ <item>Events can be self-generated.</item>
+ <item>A reply can be sent from a later state.</item>
+ <item>There can be multiple <c>sys</c> traceable replies.</item>
</list>
<p>
The callback model(s) for <c>gen_statem</c> differs from
@@ -71,19 +81,18 @@
</p>
<p>
A generic state machine process (<c>gen_statem</c>) implemented
- using this module will have a standard set of interface functions
- and include functionality for tracing and error reporting.
- It will also fit into an OTP supervision tree. Refer to
+ using this module has a standard set of interface functions
+ and includes functionality for tracing and error reporting.
+ It also fits into an OTP supervision tree. For more information, see
<seealso marker="doc/design_principles:statem">
OTP Design Principles
- </seealso>
- for more information.
+ </seealso>.
</p>
<p>
A <c>gen_statem</c> assumes all specific parts to be located in a
- callback module exporting a pre-defined set of functions.
- The relationship between the behaviour functions and the callback
- functions can be illustrated as follows:</p>
+ callback module exporting a predefined set of functions.
+ The relationship between the behavior functions and the callback
+ functions is as follows:</p>
<pre>
gen_statem module Callback module
----------------- ---------------
@@ -103,37 +112,37 @@ erlang:'!' -----> Module:StateName/3
- -----> Module:code_change/4</pre>
<p>
Events are of different
- <seealso marker="#type-event_type">types</seealso>
+ <seealso marker="#type-event_type">types</seealso>,
so the callback functions can know the origin of an event
and how to respond.
</p>
<p>
If a callback function fails or returns a bad value,
- the <c>gen_statem</c> will terminate. An exception of class
- <seealso marker="erts:erlang#throw/1"><c>throw</c></seealso>,
- however, is not regarded as an error but as a valid return.
+ the <c>gen_statem</c> terminates. However, an exception of class
+ <seealso marker="erts:erlang#throw/1"><c>throw</c></seealso>
+ is not regarded as an error but as a valid return.
</p>
- <marker id="state_function" />
+ <marker id="state_function"/>
<p>
The "<em>state function</em>" for a specific
<seealso marker="#type-state">state</seealso>
in a <c>gen_statem</c> is the callback function that is called
- for all events in this state, and is selected depending on which
+ for all events in this state. It is selected depending on which
<seealso marker="#type-callback_mode"><em>callback mode</em></seealso>
- that the implementation specifies when the the server starts.
+ that the implementation specifies when the server starts.
</p>
<p>
When the
<seealso marker="#type-callback_mode"><em>callback mode</em></seealso>
- is <c>state_functions</c>, the state has to be an atom and
- is used as the state function name. See
+ is <c>state_functions</c>, the state must be an atom and
+ is used as the state function name; see
<seealso marker="#Module:StateName/3">
<c>Module:StateName/3</c>
</seealso>.
This gathers all code for a specific state
in one function and hence dispatches on state first.
- Note that in this mode the fact that there is
- a mandatory callback function
+ Notice that in this mode
+ the mandatory callback function
<seealso marker="#Module:terminate/3">
<c>Module:terminate/3</c>
</seealso> makes the state name <c>terminate</c> unusable.
@@ -141,21 +150,21 @@ erlang:'!' -----> Module:StateName/3
<p>
When the
<seealso marker="#type-callback_mode"><em>callback mode</em></seealso>
- is <c>handle_event_function</c> the state can be any term
+ is <c>handle_event_function</c>, the state can be any term
and the state function name is
<seealso marker="#Module:handle_event/4">
<c>Module:handle_event/4</c>
</seealso>.
This makes it easy to dispatch on state or on event as you desire.
Be careful about which events you handle in which
- states so you do not accidentally postpone one event
+ states so that you do not accidentally postpone one event
forever creating an infinite busy loop.
</p>
<p>
The <c>gen_statem</c> enqueues incoming events in order of arrival
and presents these to the
<seealso marker="#state_function">state function</seealso>
- in that order. The state function can postpone an event
+ in that order. The state function can postpone an event
so it is not retried in the current state.
After a state change the queue restarts with the postponed events.
</p>
@@ -163,7 +172,7 @@ erlang:'!' -----> Module:StateName/3
The <c>gen_statem</c> event queue model is sufficient
to emulate the normal process message queue with selective receive.
Postponing an event corresponds to not matching it
- in a receive statement and changing states corresponds
+ in a receive statement, and changing states corresponds
to entering a new receive statement.
</p>
<p>
@@ -173,73 +182,76 @@ erlang:'!' -----> Module:StateName/3
<c>action()</c> <c>next_event</c>
</seealso>
and such an event is inserted as the next to present
- to the state function. That is: as if it is
- the oldest incoming event. There is a dedicated
+ to the state function. That is, as if it is
+ the oldest incoming event. A dedicated
<seealso marker="#type-event_type">
<c>event_type()</c>
</seealso>
- <c>internal</c> that can be used for such events making them impossible
+ <c>internal</c> can be used for such events making them impossible
to mistake for external events.
</p>
<p>
Inserting an event replaces the trick of calling your own
state handling functions that you often would have to
- resort to in for example <seealso marker="gen_fsm"><c>gen_fsm</c></seealso>
+ resort to in, for example,
+ <seealso marker="gen_fsm"><c>gen_fsm</c></seealso>
to force processing an inserted event before others.
- A warning, though: if you in <c>gen_statem</c> for example
- postpone an event in one state and then call some other state function of yours,
- you have not changed states and hence the postponed event will not be retried,
- which is logical but might be confusing.
</p>
+ <note>
+ <p>If you in <c>gen_statem</c>, for example, postpone
+ an event in one state and then call another state function
+ of yours, you have not changed states and hence the postponed event
+ is not retried, which is logical but can be confusing.
+ </p>
+ </note>
<p>
- See the type
+ For the details of a state transition, see type
<seealso marker="#type-transition_option">
- <c>transition_option()</c>
- </seealso>
- for the details of a state transition.
+ <c>transition_option()</c>
+ </seealso>.
</p>
<p>
- A <c>gen_statem</c> handles system messages as documented in
+ A <c>gen_statem</c> handles system messages as described in
<seealso marker="sys"><c>sys</c></seealso>.
The <c>sys</c>module can be used for debugging a <c>gen_statem</c>.
</p>
<p>
- Note that a <c>gen_statem</c> does not trap exit signals
+ Notice that a <c>gen_statem</c> does not trap exit signals
automatically, this must be explicitly initiated in
the callback module (by calling
<seealso marker="erts:erlang#process_flag/2">
- <c>process_flag(trap_exit, true)</c></seealso>.
+ <c>process_flag(trap_exit, true)</c></seealso>.
</p>
<p>
Unless otherwise stated, all functions in this module fail if
the specified <c>gen_statem</c> does not exist or
- if bad arguments are given.
+ if bad arguments are specified.
</p>
<p>
The <c>gen_statem</c> process can go into hibernation; see
<seealso marker="proc_lib#hibernate/3">
- <c>proc_lib:hibernate/3</c>.
- </seealso>
+ <c>proc_lib:hibernate/3</c>
+ </seealso>.
It is done when a
<seealso marker="#state_function">state function</seealso> or
<seealso marker="#Module:init/1"><c>Module:init/1</c></seealso>
specifies <c>hibernate</c> in the returned
<seealso marker="#type-action"><c>Actions</c></seealso>
- list. This feature might be useful to reclaim process heap memory
+ list. This feature can be useful to reclaim process heap memory
while the server is expected to be idle for a long time.
- However, use this feature with care
- since hibernation can be too costly
+ However, use this feature with care,
+ as hibernation can be too costly
to use after every event; see
<seealso marker="erts:erlang#hibernate/3">
- <c>erlang:hibernate/3</c>.
- </seealso>
+ <c>erlang:hibernate/3</c>
+ </seealso>.
</p>
</description>
<section>
- <title>EXAMPLE</title>
+ <title>Example</title>
<p>
- This example shows a simple pushbutton model
+ The following example shows a simple pushbutton model
for a toggling pushbutton implemented with
<seealso marker="#type-callback_mode"><em>callback mode</em></seealso>
<c>state_functions</c>.
@@ -247,7 +259,8 @@ erlang:'!' -----> Module:StateName/3
and you can ask for a count of how many times it has been
pushed to on.
</p>
- <p>This is the complete callback module file <c>pushbutton.erl</c>:</p>
+ <p>The following is the complete callback module file
+ <c>pushbutton.erl</c>:</p>
<code type="erl">
-module(pushbutton).
-behaviour(gen_statem).
@@ -305,7 +318,7 @@ handle_event(_, _, Data) ->
%% Ignore all other events
{keep_state,Data}.
</code>
- <p>And this is a shell session when running it:</p>
+ <p>The following is a shell session when running it:</p>
<pre>
1> pushbutton:start().
{ok,&lt;0.36.0>}
@@ -326,12 +339,11 @@ ok
in function gen:do_for_proc/2 (gen.erl, line 261)
in call from gen_statem:call/3 (gen_statem.erl, line 386)
</pre>
-
<p>
- And just to compare styles here is the same example using
+ To compare styles, here follows the same example using
<seealso marker="#type-callback_mode"><em>callback mode</em></seealso>
- <c>state_functions</c>, or rather here is code to replace
- from the <c>init/1</c> function of the <c>pushbutton.erl</c>
+ <c>state_functions</c>, or rather the code to replace
+ from function <c>init/1</c> of the <c>pushbutton.erl</c>
example file above:
</p>
<code type="erl">
@@ -364,11 +376,11 @@ handle_event(_, _, State, Data) ->
<datatypes>
<datatype>
- <name name="server_name" />
+ <name name="server_name"/>
<desc>
<p>
Name specification to use when starting
- a <c>gen_statem</c> server. See
+ a <c>gen_statem</c> server. See
<seealso marker="#start_link/3">
<c>start_link/3</c>
</seealso>
@@ -380,7 +392,7 @@ handle_event(_, _, State, Data) ->
</desc>
</datatype>
<datatype>
- <name name="server_ref" />
+ <name name="server_ref"/>
<desc>
<p>
Server specification to use when addressing
@@ -393,75 +405,83 @@ handle_event(_, _, State, Data) ->
</p>
<p>It can be:</p>
<taglist>
- <tag><c>pid()</c><br />
- <c>LocalName</c></tag>
- <item>The <c>gen_statem</c> is locally registered.</item>
+ <tag><c>pid()</c> | <c>LocalName</c></tag>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ The <c>gen_statem</c> is locally registered.
+ </p>
+ </item>
<tag><c>{Name,Node}</c></tag>
<item>
- The <c>gen_statem</c> is locally registered
- on another node.
+ <p>
+ The <c>gen_statem</c> is locally registered
+ on another node.
+ </p>
</item>
<tag><c>{global,GlobalName}</c></tag>
<item>
- The <c>gen_statem</c> is globally registered
- in <seealso marker="kernel:global"><c>global</c></seealso>.
+ <p>
+ The <c>gen_statem</c> is globally registered
+ in <seealso marker="kernel:global"><c>kernel:global</c></seealso>.
+ </p>
</item>
<tag><c>{via,RegMod,ViaName}</c></tag>
<item>
- The <c>gen_statem</c> is registered through
- an alternative process registry.
- The registry callback module <c>RegMod</c>
- should export the functions
- <c>register_name/2</c>, <c>unregister_name/1</c>,
- <c>whereis_name/1</c> and <c>send/2</c>,
- which should behave like the corresponding functions
- in <seealso marker="kernel:global"><c>global</c></seealso>.
- Thus, <c>{via,global,GlobalName}</c> is the same as
- <c>{global,GlobalName}</c>.
+ <p>
+ The <c>gen_statem</c> is registered through
+ an alternative process registry.
+ The registry callback module <c>RegMod</c>
+ is to export functions
+ <c>register_name/2</c>, <c>unregister_name/1</c>,
+ <c>whereis_name/1</c>, and <c>send/2</c>,
+ which are to behave like the corresponding functions
+ in <seealso marker="kernel:global"><c>kernel:global</c></seealso>.
+ Thus, <c>{via,global,GlobalName}</c> is the same as
+ <c>{global,GlobalName}</c>.
+ </p>
</item>
</taglist>
</desc>
</datatype>
<datatype>
- <name name="debug_opt" />
+ <name name="debug_opt"/>
<desc>
<p>
Debug option that can be used when starting
- a <c>gen_statem</c> server through for example
+ a <c>gen_statem</c> server through, for example,
<seealso marker="#enter_loop/5"><c>enter_loop/5</c></seealso>.
</p>
<p>
- For every entry in <c><anno>Dbgs</anno></c>
+ For every entry in <c><anno>Dbgs</anno></c>,
the corresponding function in
- <seealso marker="sys"><c>sys</c></seealso> will be called.
+ <seealso marker="sys"><c>sys</c></seealso> is called.
</p>
</desc>
</datatype>
<datatype>
- <name name="start_opt" />
+ <name name="start_opt"/>
<desc>
<p>
Options that can be used when starting
- a <c>gen_statem</c> server through for example
+ a <c>gen_statem</c> server through, for example,
<seealso marker="#start_link/3"><c>start_link/3</c></seealso>.
</p>
</desc>
</datatype>
<datatype>
- <name name="start_ret" />
+ <name name="start_ret"/>
<desc>
<p>
- Return value from the start functions for_example
+ Return value from the start functions, for example,
<seealso marker="#start_link/3"><c>start_link/3</c></seealso>.
</p>
</desc>
</datatype>
-
<datatype>
- <name name="from" />
+ <name name="from"/>
<desc>
<p>
- Destination to use when replying through for example the
+ Destination to use when replying through, for example, the
<seealso marker="#type-action">
<c>action()</c>
</seealso>
@@ -472,178 +492,194 @@ handle_event(_, _, State, Data) ->
</desc>
</datatype>
<datatype>
- <name name="state" />
+ <name name="state"/>
<desc>
<p>
- After a state change (<c>NextState =/= State</c>)
+ After a state change (<c>NextState =/= State</c>),
all postponed events are retried.
</p>
</desc>
</datatype>
<datatype>
- <name name="state_name" />
+ <name name="state_name"/>
<desc>
<p>
If the
<seealso marker="#type-callback_mode"><em>callback mode</em></seealso>
is <c>state_functions</c>,
- the state has to be of this type.
+ the state must be of this type.
</p>
</desc>
</datatype>
<datatype>
- <name name="data" />
+ <name name="data"/>
<desc>
<p>
A term in which the state machine implementation
- should store any server data it needs. The difference between
+ is to store any server data it needs. The difference between
this and the <seealso marker="#type-state"><c>state()</c></seealso>
itself is that a change in this data does not cause
- postponed events to be retried. Hence if a change
+ postponed events to be retried. Hence, if a change
in this data would change the set of events that
- are handled than that data item should be made
+ are handled, then that data item is to be made
a part of the state.
</p>
</desc>
</datatype>
<datatype>
- <name name="event_type" />
+ <name name="event_type"/>
<desc>
<p>
- External events are of 3 different type:
- <c>{call,<anno>From</anno>}</c>, <c>cast</c> or <c>info</c>.
+ External events are of three types:
+ <c>{call,<anno>From</anno>}</c>, <c>cast</c>, or <c>info</c>.
<seealso marker="#call/2">Calls</seealso>
(synchronous) and
<seealso marker="#cast/2">casts</seealso>
originate from the corresponding API functions.
- For calls the event contain whom to reply to.
+ For calls, the event contains whom to reply to.
Type <c>info</c> originates from regular process messages sent
- to the <c>gen_statem</c>. It is also possible for the state machine
- implementation to generate events of types
+ to the <c>gen_statem</c>. Also, the state machine
+ implementation can generate events of types
<c>timeout</c> and <c>internal</c> to itself.
</p>
</desc>
</datatype>
<datatype>
- <name name="callback_mode" />
+ <name name="callback_mode"/>
<desc>
<p>
The <em>callback mode</em> is selected when starting the
<c>gen_statem</c> using the return value from
<seealso marker="#Module:init/1"><c>Module:init/1</c></seealso>
or when calling
- <seealso marker="#enter_loop/5"><c>enter_loop/5-7</c></seealso>,
+ <seealso marker="#enter_loop/5"><c>enter_loop/5,6,7</c></seealso>,
and with the return value from
<seealso marker="#Module:code_change/4">
- <c>Module:code_change/4</c>.
- </seealso>
+ <c>Module:code_change/4</c>
+ </seealso>.
</p>
<taglist>
<tag><c>state_functions</c></tag>
<item>
- The state has to be of type
- <seealso marker="#type-state_name"><c>state_name()</c></seealso>
- and one callback function per state that is
- <seealso marker="#Module:StateName/3">
- <c>Module:StateName/3</c>
- </seealso>
- is used.
+ <p>
+ The state must be of type
+ <seealso marker="#type-state_name"><c>state_name()</c></seealso>
+ and one callback function per state, that is,
+ <seealso marker="#Module:StateName/3">
+ <c>Module:StateName/3</c>
+ </seealso>,
+ is used.
+ </p>
</item>
<tag><c>handle_event_function</c></tag>
<item>
- The state can be any term and the callback function
- <seealso marker="#Module:handle_event/4">
- <c>Module:handle_event/4</c>
- </seealso>
- is used for all states.
+ <p>
+ The state can be any term and the callback function
+ <seealso marker="#Module:handle_event/4">
+ <c>Module:handle_event/4</c>
+ </seealso>
+ is used for all states.
+ </p>
</item>
</taglist>
</desc>
</datatype>
<datatype>
- <name name="transition_option" />
+ <name name="transition_option"/>
<desc>
<p>
- Transition options may be set by
+ Transition options can be set by
<seealso marker="#type-action">actions</seealso>
- and they modify some details below in how
+ and they modify the following in how
the state transition is done:
</p>
<list type="ordered">
<item>
- All
- <seealso marker="#type-action">actions</seealso>
- are processed in order of appearance.
+ <p>
+ All
+ <seealso marker="#type-action">actions</seealso>
+ are processed in order of appearance.
+ </p>
</item>
<item>
- If
- <seealso marker="#type-postpone">
- <c>postpone()</c>
- </seealso>
- is <c>true</c>
- the current event is postponed.
+ <p>
+ If
+ <seealso marker="#type-postpone">
+ <c>postpone()</c>
+ </seealso>
+ is <c>true</c>,
+ the current event is postponed.
+ </p>
</item>
<item>
- If the state changes the queue of incoming events
- is reset to start with the oldest postponed.
+ <p>
+ If the state changes, the queue of incoming events
+ is reset to start with the oldest postponed.
+ </p>
</item>
<item>
- All events stored with
- <seealso marker="#type-action">
- <c>action()</c>
- </seealso>
- <c>next_event</c>
- are inserted in the queue to be processed before
- all other events.
+ <p>
+ All events stored with
+ <seealso marker="#type-action">
+ <c>action()</c>
+ </seealso>
+ <c>next_event</c>
+ are inserted in the queue to be processed before
+ all other events.
+ </p>
</item>
<item>
- If an
- <seealso marker="#type-event_timeout">
- <c>event_timeout()</c>
- </seealso>
- is set through
- <seealso marker="#type-action">
- <c>action()</c>
- </seealso>
- <c>timeout</c>
- an event timer may be started or a timeout zero event
- may be enqueued.
+ <p>
+ If an
+ <seealso marker="#type-event_timeout">
+ <c>event_timeout()</c>
+ </seealso>
+ is set through
+ <seealso marker="#type-action">
+ <c>action()</c>
+ </seealso>
+ <c>timeout</c>,
+ an event timer can be started or a time-out zero event
+ can be enqueued.
+ </p>
</item>
<item>
- The (possibly new)
- <seealso marker="#state_function">state function</seealso>
- is called with the oldest enqueued event if there is any,
- otherwise the <c>gen_statem</c> goes into <c>receive</c>
- or hibernation
- (if
- <seealso marker="#type-hibernate">
- <c>hibernate()</c>
- </seealso>
- is <c>true</c>)
- to wait for the next message. In hibernation the next
- non-system event awakens the <c>gen_statem</c>, or rather
- the next incoming message awakens the <c>gen_statem</c>
- but if it is a system event
- it goes right back into hibernation.
+ <p>
+ The (possibly new)
+ <seealso marker="#state_function">state function</seealso>
+ is called with the oldest enqueued event if there is any,
+ otherwise the <c>gen_statem</c> goes into <c>receive</c>
+ or hibernation
+ (if
+ <seealso marker="#type-hibernate">
+ <c>hibernate()</c>
+ </seealso>
+ is <c>true</c>)
+ to wait for the next message. In hibernation the next
+ non-system event awakens the <c>gen_statem</c>, or rather
+ the next incoming message awakens the <c>gen_statem</c>,
+ but if it is a system event
+ it goes right back into hibernation.
+ </p>
</item>
</list>
</desc>
</datatype>
<datatype>
- <name name="postpone" />
+ <name name="postpone"/>
<desc>
<p>
- If <c>true</c> postpone the current event and retry
+ If <c>true</c>, postpones the current event and retries
it when the state changes
(<c>NextState =/= State</c>).
</p>
</desc>
</datatype>
<datatype>
- <name name="hibernate" />
+ <name name="hibernate"/>
<desc>
<p>
- If <c>true</c> hibernate the <c>gen_statem</c>
+ If <c>true</c>, hibernates the <c>gen_statem</c>
by calling
<seealso marker="proc_lib#hibernate/3">
<c>proc_lib:hibernate/3</c>
@@ -651,9 +687,9 @@ handle_event(_, _, State, Data) ->
before going into <c>receive</c>
to wait for a new external event.
If there are enqueued events,
- to prevent receiving any new event; a
+ to prevent receiving any new event, an
<seealso marker="erts:erlang#garbage_collect/0">
- <c>garbage_collect/0</c>
+ <c>erlang:garbage_collect/0</c>
</seealso> is done instead to simulate
that the <c>gen_statem</c> entered hibernation
and immediately got awakened by the oldest enqueued event.
@@ -661,39 +697,39 @@ handle_event(_, _, State, Data) ->
</desc>
</datatype>
<datatype>
- <name name="event_timeout" />
+ <name name="event_timeout"/>
<desc>
<p>
- Generate an event of
+ Generates an event of
<seealso marker="#type-event_type"><c>event_type()</c></seealso>
<c>timeout</c>
- after this time (in milliseconds) unless some other
- event arrives in which case this timeout is cancelled.
- Note that a retried or inserted event
- counts just like a new in this respect.
+ after this time (in milliseconds) unless another
+ event arrives in which case this time-out is cancelled.
+ Notice that a retried or inserted event
+ counts like a new in this respect.
</p>
<p>
- If the value is <c>infinity</c> no timer is started since
- it will never trigger anyway.
+ If the value is <c>infinity</c>, no timer is started, as
+ it never triggers anyway.
</p>
<p>
- If the value is <c>0</c> the timeout event is immediately enqueued
- unless there already are enqueued events since then the
- timeout is immediately cancelled.
- This is a feature ensuring that a timeout <c>0</c> event
- will be processed before any not yet received external event.
+ If the value is <c>0</c>, the time-out event is immediately enqueued
+ unless there already are enqueued events, as the
+ time-out is then immediately cancelled.
+ This is a feature ensuring that a time-out <c>0</c> event
+ is processed before any not yet received external event.
</p>
<p>
- Note that it is not possible nor needed to cancel this timeout
- since it is cancelled automatically by any other event.
+ Notice that it is not possible or needed to cancel this time-out,
+ as it is cancelled automatically by any other event.
</p>
</desc>
</datatype>
<datatype>
- <name name="action" />
+ <name name="action"/>
<desc>
<p>
- These state transition actions may be invoked by
+ These state transition actions can be invoked by
returning them from the
<seealso marker="#state_function">state function</seealso>,
from <seealso marker="#Module:init/1"><c>Module:init/1</c></seealso>
@@ -708,9 +744,9 @@ handle_event(_, _, State, Data) ->
<seealso marker="#type-transition_option">
transition options
</seealso>
- overrides any previous of the same type,
+ override any previous of the same type,
so the last in the containing list wins.
- For example the last
+ For example, the last
<seealso marker="#type-event_timeout">
<c>event_timeout()</c>
</seealso>
@@ -719,77 +755,87 @@ handle_event(_, _, State, Data) ->
<taglist>
<tag><c>postpone</c></tag>
<item>
- Set the
- <seealso marker="#type-transition_option">
- <c>transition_option()</c>
- </seealso>
- <seealso marker="#type-postpone">
- <c>postpone()</c>
- </seealso>
- for this state transition.
- This action is ignored when returned from
- <seealso marker="#Module:init/1"><c>Module:init/1</c></seealso>
- or given to
- <seealso marker="#enter_loop/5"><c>enter_loop/5,6</c></seealso>
- since there is no event to postpone in those cases.
+ <p>
+ Sets the
+ <seealso marker="#type-transition_option">
+ <c>transition_option()</c>
+ </seealso>
+ <seealso marker="#type-postpone">
+ <c>postpone()</c>
+ </seealso>
+ for this state transition.
+ This action is ignored when returned from
+ <seealso marker="#Module:init/1"><c>Module:init/1</c></seealso>
+ or given to
+ <seealso marker="#enter_loop/5"><c>enter_loop/5,6</c></seealso>,
+ as there is no event to postpone in those cases.
+ </p>
</item>
<tag><c>hibernate</c></tag>
<item>
- Set the
- <seealso marker="#type-transition_option">
- <c>transition_option()</c>
- </seealso>
- <seealso marker="#type-hibernate">
- <c>hibernate()</c>
- </seealso>
- for this state transition.
+ <p>
+ Sets the
+ <seealso marker="#type-transition_option">
+ <c>transition_option()</c>
+ </seealso>
+ <seealso marker="#type-hibernate">
+ <c>hibernate()</c>
+ </seealso>
+ for this state transition.
+ </p>
</item>
<tag><c>Timeout</c></tag>
<item>
- Short for <c>{timeout,Timeout,Timeout}</c> that is
- the timeout message is the timeout time.
- This form exists to make the
- <seealso marker="#state_function">state function</seealso>
- return value <c>{next_state,NextState,NewData,Timeout}</c>
- allowed like for
- <seealso marker="gen_fsm#Module:StateName/2">
- <c>gen_fsm Module:StateName/2</c>.
- </seealso>
+ <p>
+ Short for <c>{timeout,Timeout,Timeout}</c>, that is,
+ the time-out message is the time-out time.
+ This form exists to make the
+ <seealso marker="#state_function">state function</seealso>
+ return value <c>{next_state,NextState,NewData,Timeout}</c>
+ allowed like for
+ <seealso marker="gen_fsm#Module:StateName/2">
+ <c>gen_fsm:Module:StateName/2</c>
+ </seealso>.
+ </p>
</item>
<tag><c>timeout</c></tag>
<item>
- Set the
- <seealso marker="#type-transition_option">
- <c>transition_option()</c>
- </seealso>
- <seealso marker="#type-event_timeout">
- <c>event_timeout()</c>
- </seealso>
- to <c><anno>Time</anno></c> with <c><anno>EventContent</anno></c>.
+ <p>
+ Sets the
+ <seealso marker="#type-transition_option">
+ <c>transition_option()</c>
+ </seealso>
+ <seealso marker="#type-event_timeout">
+ <c>event_timeout()</c>
+ </seealso>
+ to <c><anno>Time</anno></c> with <c><anno>EventContent</anno></c>.
+ </p>
</item>
<tag><c>reply_action()</c></tag>
- <item>Reply to a caller.</item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ Replies to a caller.
+ </p>
+ </item>
<tag><c>next_event</c></tag>
<item>
- Store the given <c><anno>EventType</anno></c>
+ <p>
+ Stores the specified <c><anno>EventType</anno></c>
and <c><anno>EventContent</anno></c> for insertion after all
actions have been executed.
- </item>
- <item>
+ </p>
<p>
The stored events are inserted in the queue as the next to process
- before any already queued events. The order of these stored events
- is preserved so the first <c>next_event</c> in the containing list
- will become the first to process.
+ before any already queued events. The order of these stored events
+ is preserved, so the first <c>next_event</c> in the containing
+ list becomes the first to process.
</p>
- </item>
- <item>
<p>
An event of type
<seealso marker="#type-event_type">
<c>internal</c>
</seealso>
- should be used when you want to reliably distinguish
+ is to be used when you want to reliably distinguish
an event inserted this way from any external event.
</p>
</item>
@@ -797,294 +843,125 @@ handle_event(_, _, State, Data) ->
</desc>
</datatype>
<datatype>
- <name name="reply_action" />
+ <name name="reply_action"/>
<desc>
<p>
- Reply to a caller waiting for a reply in
+ Replies to a caller waiting for a reply in
<seealso marker="#call/2"><c>call/2</c></seealso>.
- <c><anno>From</anno></c> must be the term from the
+ <c><anno>From</anno></c> must be the term from argument
<seealso marker="#type-event_type">
<c>{call,<anno>From</anno>}</c>
</seealso>
- argument to the
+ to the
<seealso marker="#state_function">state function</seealso>.
</p>
</desc>
</datatype>
<datatype>
- <name name="state_function_result" />
+ <name name="state_function_result"/>
<desc>
<taglist>
<tag><c>next_state</c></tag>
<item>
- The <c>gen_statem</c> will do a state transition to
- <c><anno>NextStateName</anno></c>
- (which may be the same as the current state),
- set <c><anno>NewData</anno></c>
- and execute all <c><anno>Actions</anno></c>
+ <p>
+ The <c>gen_statem</c> does a state transition to
+ <c><anno>NextStateName</anno></c>
+ (which can be the same as the current state),
+ sets <c><anno>NewData</anno></c>,
+ and executes all <c><anno>Actions</anno></c>.
+ </p>
</item>
</taglist>
<p>
All these terms are tuples or atoms and this property
- will hold in any future version of <c>gen_statem</c>,
- just in case you need such a promise.
+ will hold in any future version of <c>gen_statem</c>.
</p>
</desc>
</datatype>
<datatype>
- <name name="handle_event_result" />
+ <name name="handle_event_result"/>
<desc>
<taglist>
<tag><c>next_state</c></tag>
<item>
- The <c>gen_statem</c> will do a state transition to
- <c><anno>NextState</anno></c>
- (which may be the same as the current state),
- set <c><anno>NewData</anno></c>
- and execute all <c><anno>Actions</anno></c>
+ <p>
+ The <c>gen_statem</c> does a state transition to
+ <c><anno>NextState</anno></c>
+ (which can be the same as the current state),
+ sets <c><anno>NewData</anno></c>,
+ and executes all <c><anno>Actions</anno></c>.
+ </p>
</item>
</taglist>
<p>
All these terms are tuples or atoms and this property
- will hold in any future version of <c>gen_statem</c>,
- just in case you need such a promise.
+ will hold in any future version of <c>gen_statem</c>.
</p>
</desc>
</datatype>
<datatype>
- <name name="common_state_callback_result" />
+ <name name="common_state_callback_result"/>
<desc>
<taglist>
<tag><c>stop</c></tag>
<item>
- Terminate the <c>gen_statem</c> by calling
- <seealso marker="#Module:terminate/3">
- <c>Module:terminate/3</c>
- </seealso>
- with <c>Reason</c> and
- <c><anno>NewData</anno></c>, if given.
+ <p>
+ Terminates the <c>gen_statem</c> by calling
+ <seealso marker="#Module:terminate/3">
+ <c>Module:terminate/3</c>
+ </seealso>
+ with <c>Reason</c> and
+ <c><anno>NewData</anno></c>, if specified.
+ </p>
</item>
<tag><c>stop_and_reply</c></tag>
<item>
- Send all <c><anno>Replies</anno></c>
- then terminate the <c>gen_statem</c> by calling
- <seealso marker="#Module:terminate/3">
- <c>Module:terminate/3</c>
- </seealso>
- with <c>Reason</c> and
- <c><anno>NewData</anno></c>, if given.
+ <p>
+ Sends all <c><anno>Replies</anno></c>,
+ then terminates the <c>gen_statem</c> by calling
+ <seealso marker="#Module:terminate/3">
+ <c>Module:terminate/3</c>
+ </seealso>
+ with <c>Reason</c> and
+ <c><anno>NewData</anno></c>, if specified.
+ </p>
</item>
<tag><c>keep_state</c></tag>
<item>
- The <c>gen_statem</c> will keep the current state, or
- do a state transition to the current state if you like,
- set <c><anno>NewData</anno></c>
- and execute all <c><anno>Actions</anno></c>.
- This is the same as
- <c>{next_state,CurrentState,<anno>NewData</anno>,<anno>Actions</anno>}</c>.
+ <p>
+ The <c>gen_statem</c> keeps the current state, or
+ does a state transition to the current state if you like,
+ sets <c><anno>NewData</anno></c>,
+ and executes all <c><anno>Actions</anno></c>.
+ This is the same as
+ <c>{next_state,CurrentState,<anno>NewData</anno>,<anno>Actions</anno>}</c>.
+ </p>
</item>
<tag><c>keep_state_and_data</c></tag>
<item>
- The <c>gen_statem</c> will keep the current state or
- do a state transition to the current state if you like,
- keep the current server data,
- and execute all <c><anno>Actions</anno></c>.
- This is the same as
- <c>{next_state,CurrentState,CurrentData,<anno>Actions</anno>}</c>.
+ <p>
+ The <c>gen_statem</c> keeps the current state or
+ does a state transition to the current state if you like,
+ keeps the current server data,
+ and executes all <c><anno>Actions</anno></c>.
+ This is the same as
+ <c>{next_state,CurrentState,CurrentData,<anno>Actions</anno>}</c>.
+ </p>
</item>
</taglist>
<p>
All these terms are tuples or atoms and this property
- will hold in any future version of <c>gen_statem</c>,
- just in case you need such a promise.
+ will hold in any future version of <c>gen_statem</c>.
</p>
</desc>
</datatype>
</datatypes>
<funcs>
-
<func>
- <name name="start_link" arity="3" />
- <name name="start_link" arity="4" />
- <fsummary>Create a linked <c>gen_statem</c> process</fsummary>
- <desc>
- <p>
- Creates a <c>gen_statem</c> process according
- to OTP design principles
- (using
- <seealso marker="proc_lib"><c>proc_lib</c></seealso>
- primitives)
- that is linked to the calling process.
- This is essential when the <c>gen_statem</c> shall be part of
- a supervision tree so it gets linked to its supervisor.
- </p>
- <p>
- The <c>gen_statem</c> process calls
- <seealso marker="#Module:init/1"><c>Module:init/1</c></seealso>
- to initialize the server. To ensure a synchronized start-up
- procedure, <c>start_link/3,4</c> does not return until
- <seealso marker="#Module:init/1"><c>Module:init/1</c></seealso>
- has returned.
- </p>
- <p>
- <c><anno>ServerName</anno></c> specifies the
- <seealso marker="#type-server_name">
- <c>server_name()</c>
- </seealso>
- to register for the <c>gen_statem</c>.
- If the <c>gen_statem</c> is started with <c>start_link/3</c>
- no <c><anno>ServerName</anno></c> is provided and
- the <c>gen_statem</c> is not registered.
- </p>
- <p><c><anno>Module</anno></c> is the name of the callback module.</p>
- <p>
- <c><anno>Args</anno></c> is an arbitrary term which is passed as
- the argument to
- <seealso marker="#Module:init/1"><c>Module:init/1</c></seealso>.
- </p>
- <p>
- If the option <c>{timeout,Time}</c> is present in
- <c><anno>Opts</anno></c>, the <c>gen_statem</c>
- is allowed to spend <c>Time</c> milliseconds initializing
- or it will be terminated and the start function will return
- <seealso marker="#type-start_ret"><c>{error,timeout}</c></seealso>.
- </p>
- <p>
- If the option
- <seealso marker="#type-debug_opt"><c>{debug,Dbgs}</c></seealso>
- is present in <c><anno>Opts</anno></c>, debugging through
- <seealso marker="sys"><c>sys</c></seealso> is activated.
- </p>
- <p>
- If the option <c>{spawn_opt,SpawnOpts}</c> is present in
- <c><anno>Opts</anno></c>, <c>SpawnOpts</c> will be passed
- as option list to
- <seealso marker="erts:erlang#spawn_opt/2"><c>spawn_opt/2</c></seealso>
- which is used to spawn the <c>gen_statem</c> process.
- </p>
- <note>
- <p>
- Using the spawn option <c>monitor</c> is currently not
- allowed, but will cause this function to fail with reason
- <c>badarg</c>.
- </p>
- </note>
- <p>
- If the <c>gen_statem</c> is successfully created
- and initialized this function returns
- <seealso marker="#type-start_ret">
- <c>{ok,Pid}</c>,
- </seealso>
- where <c>Pid</c> is the <c>pid()</c>
- of the <c>gen_statem</c>.
- If there already exists a process with the specified
- <c><anno>ServerName</anno></c> this function returns
- <seealso marker="#type-start_ret"><c>{error,{already_started,Pid}}</c></seealso>,
- where <c>Pid</c> is the <c>pid()</c> of that process.
- </p>
- <p>
- If <c>Module:init/1</c> fails with <c>Reason</c>,
- this function returns
- <seealso marker="#type-start_ret"><c>{error,Reason}</c></seealso>.
- If <c>Module:init/1</c> returns
- <seealso marker="#type-start_ret">
- <c>{stop,Reason}</c>
- </seealso>
- or
- <seealso marker="#type-start_ret"><c>ignore</c></seealso>,
- the process is terminated and this function
- returns
- <seealso marker="#type-start_ret">
- <c>{error,Reason}</c>
- </seealso>
- or
- <seealso marker="#type-start_ret"><c>ignore</c></seealso>,
- respectively.
- </p>
- </desc>
- </func>
-
-
- <func>
- <name name="start" arity="3" />
- <name name="start" arity="4" />
- <fsummary>Create a stand-alone <c>gen_statem</c> process</fsummary>
- <desc>
- <p>
- Creates a stand-alone <c>gen_statem</c> process according to
- OTP design principles (using
- <seealso marker="proc_lib"><c>proc_lib</c></seealso>
- primitives).
- Since it does not get linked to the calling process
- this start function can not be used by a supervisor
- to start a child.
- </p>
- <p>
- See <seealso marker="#start_link/3"><c>start_link/3,4</c></seealso>
- for a description of arguments and return values.
- </p>
- </desc>
- </func>
-
- <func>
- <name name="stop" arity="1" />
- <fsummary>Synchronously stop a generic server</fsummary>
- <desc>
- <p>
- The same as
- <seealso marker="#stop/3">
- <c>stop(<anno>ServerRef</anno>, normal, infinity)</c>.
- </seealso>
- </p>
- </desc>
- </func>
- <func>
- <name name="stop" arity="3" />
- <fsummary>Synchronously stop a generic server</fsummary>
- <desc>
- <p>
- Orders the <c>gen_statem</c>
- <seealso marker="#type-server_ref">
- <c><anno>ServerRef</anno></c>
- </seealso>
- to exit with the given <c><anno>Reason</anno></c>
- and waits for it to terminate.
- The <c>gen_statem</c> will call
- <seealso marker="#Module:terminate/3">
- <c>Module:terminate/3</c>
- </seealso>
- before exiting.
- </p>
- <p>
- This function returns <c>ok</c> if the server terminates
- with the expected reason. Any other reason than <c>normal</c>,
- <c>shutdown</c>, or <c>{shutdown,Term}</c> will cause an
- error report to be issued through
- <seealso marker="kernel:error_logger#format/2">
- <c>error_logger:format/2</c>.
- </seealso>
- The default <c><anno>Reason</anno></c> is <c>normal</c>.
- </p>
- <p>
- <c><anno>Timeout</anno></c> is an integer greater than zero
- which specifies how many milliseconds to wait for the server to
- terminate, or the atom <c>infinity</c> to wait indefinitely.
- The default value is <c>infinity</c>.
- If the server has not terminated within the specified time,
- a <c>timeout</c> exception is raised.
- </p>
- <p>
- If the process does not exist, a <c>noproc</c> exception
- is raised.
- </p>
- </desc>
- </func>
-
- <func>
- <name name="call" arity="2" />
- <name name="call" arity="3" />
- <fsummary>Make a synchronous call to a <c>gen_statem</c></fsummary>
+ <name name="call" arity="2"/>
+ <name name="call" arity="3"/>
+ <fsummary>Make a synchronous call to a <c>gen_statem</c>.</fsummary>
<desc>
<p>
Makes a synchronous call to the <c>gen_statem</c>
@@ -1093,7 +970,7 @@ handle_event(_, _, State, Data) ->
</seealso>
by sending a request
and waiting until its reply arrives.
- The <c>gen_statem</c> will call the
+ The <c>gen_statem</c> calls the
<seealso marker="#state_function">state function</seealso> with
<seealso marker="#type-event_type"><c>event_type()</c></seealso>
<c>{call,From}</c> and event content
@@ -1108,33 +985,33 @@ handle_event(_, _, State, Data) ->
and that <c><anno>Reply</anno></c> becomes the return value
of this function.
</p>
- <p>
- <c><anno>Timeout</anno></c> is an integer greater than zero
+ <p>
+ <c><anno>Timeout</anno></c> is an integer &gt; 0,
which specifies how many milliseconds to wait for a reply,
or the atom <c>infinity</c> to wait indefinitely,
- which is the default. If no reply is received within
+ which is the default. If no reply is received within
the specified time, the function call fails.
</p>
<note>
<p>
To avoid getting a late reply in the caller's
- inbox this function spawns a proxy process that
- does the call. A late reply gets delivered to the
- dead proxy process hence gets discarded. This is
+ inbox, this function spawns a proxy process that
+ does the call. A late reply gets delivered to the
+ dead proxy process, hence gets discarded. This is
less efficient than using
<c><anno>Timeout</anno> =:= infinity</c>.
</p>
</note>
- <p>
- The call may fail for example if the <c>gen_statem</c> dies
+ <p>
+ The call can fail, for example, if the <c>gen_statem</c> dies
before or during this function call.
</p>
</desc>
</func>
<func>
- <name name="cast" arity="2" />
- <fsummary>Send an asynchronous event to a <c>gen_statem</c></fsummary>
+ <name name="cast" arity="2"/>
+ <fsummary>Send an asynchronous event to a <c>gen_statem</c>.</fsummary>
<desc>
<p>
Sends an asynchronous event to the <c>gen_statem</c>
@@ -1144,7 +1021,7 @@ handle_event(_, _, State, Data) ->
and returns <c>ok</c> immediately,
ignoring if the destination node or <c>gen_statem</c>
does not exist.
- The <c>gen_statem</c> will call the
+ The <c>gen_statem</c> calls the
<seealso marker="#state_function">state function</seealso> with
<seealso marker="#type-event_type"><c>event_type()</c></seealso>
<c>cast</c> and event content
@@ -1154,44 +1031,8 @@ handle_event(_, _, State, Data) ->
</func>
<func>
- <name name="reply" arity="1" />
- <name name="reply" arity="2" />
- <fsummary>Reply to a caller</fsummary>
- <desc>
- <p>
- This function can be used by a <c>gen_statem</c>
- to explicitly send a reply to a process that waits in
- <seealso marker="#call/2"><c>call/2</c></seealso>
- when the reply cannot be defined in
- the return value of a
- <seealso marker="#state_function">state function</seealso>.
- </p>
- <p>
- <c><anno>From</anno></c> must be the term from the
- <seealso marker="#type-event_type">
- <c>{call,<anno>From</anno>}</c>
- </seealso>
- argument to the
- <seealso marker="#state_function">state function</seealso>.
- <c><anno>From</anno></c> and <c><anno>Reply</anno></c>
- can also be specified using a
- <seealso marker="#type-reply_action">
- <c>reply_action()</c>
- </seealso>
- and multiple replies with a list of them.
- </p>
- <note>
- <p>
- A reply sent with this function will not be visible
- in <seealso marker="sys"><c>sys</c></seealso> debug output.
- </p>
- </note>
- </desc>
- </func>
-
- <func>
- <name name="enter_loop" arity="5" />
- <fsummary>Enter the <c>gen_statem</c> receive loop</fsummary>
+ <name name="enter_loop" arity="5"/>
+ <fsummary>Enter the <c>gen_statem</c> receive loop.</fsummary>
<desc>
<p>
The same as
@@ -1204,12 +1045,13 @@ handle_event(_, _, State, Data) ->
</p>
</desc>
</func>
+
<func>
- <name name="enter_loop" arity="6" />
- <fsummary>Enter the <c>gen_statem</c> receive loop</fsummary>
+ <name name="enter_loop" arity="6"/>
+ <fsummary>Enter the <c>gen_statem</c> receive loop.</fsummary>
<desc>
<p>
- If <c><anno>Server_or_Actions</anno></c> is a <c>list()</c>
+ If <c><anno>Server_or_Actions</anno></c> is a <c>list()</c>,
the same as
<seealso marker="#enter_loop/7"><c>enter_loop/7</c></seealso>
except that no
@@ -1228,34 +1070,35 @@ handle_event(_, _, State, Data) ->
</p>
</desc>
</func>
+
<func>
- <name name="enter_loop" arity="7" />
- <fsummary>Enter the <c>gen_statem</c> receive loop</fsummary>
+ <name name="enter_loop" arity="7"/>
+ <fsummary>Enter the <c>gen_statem</c> receive loop.</fsummary>
<desc>
- <p>
- Makes an the calling process become a <c>gen_statem</c>.
- Does not return, instead the calling process will enter
- the <c>gen_statem</c> receive loop and become
+ <p>
+ Makes the calling process become a <c>gen_statem</c>.
+ Does not return, instead the calling process enters
+ the <c>gen_statem</c> receive loop and becomes
a <c>gen_statem</c> server.
The process <em>must</em> have been started
using one of the start functions in
- <seealso marker="proc_lib"><c>proc_lib</c></seealso>.
+ <seealso marker="proc_lib"><c>proc_lib</c></seealso>.
The user is responsible for any initialization of the process,
including registering a name for it.
</p>
- <p>
+ <p>
This function is useful when a more complex initialization
- procedure is needed than
- the <c>gen_statem</c> behaviour provides.
+ procedure is needed than
+ the <c>gen_statem</c> behavior provides.
</p>
- <p>
- <c><anno>Module</anno></c>, <c><anno>Opts</anno></c> and
+ <p>
+ <c><anno>Module</anno></c>, <c><anno>Opts</anno></c>, and
<c><anno>Server</anno></c> have the same meanings
as when calling
- <seealso marker="#start_link/3">
- <c>gen_statem:start[_link]/3,4</c>.
- </seealso>
- However, the
+ <seealso marker="#start_link/3">
+ <c>start[_link]/3,4</c>
+ </seealso>.
+ However, the
<seealso marker="#type-server_name">
<c>server_name()</c>
</seealso>
@@ -1263,265 +1106,260 @@ handle_event(_, _, State, Data) ->
<em>before</em> this function is called.</p>
<p>
<c><anno>CallbackMode</anno></c>, <c><anno>State</anno></c>,
- <c><anno>Data</anno></c> and <c><anno>Actions</anno></c>
+ <c><anno>Data</anno></c>, and <c><anno>Actions</anno></c>
have the same meanings as in the return value of
- <seealso marker="#Module:init/1"><c>Module:init/1</c></seealso>.
- Also, the callback module <c><anno>Module</anno></c>
+ <seealso marker="#Module:init/1"><c>Module:init/1</c></seealso>.
+ Also, the callback module <c><anno>Module</anno></c>
does not need to export an <c>init/1</c> function.
</p>
<p>
- Failure: If the calling process was not started by a
- <seealso marker="proc_lib"><c>proc_lib</c></seealso>
+ The function fails if the calling process was not started by a
+ <seealso marker="proc_lib"><c>proc_lib</c></seealso>
start function, or if it is not registered
- according to
+ according to
<seealso marker="#type-server_name"><c>server_name()</c></seealso>.
</p>
</desc>
</func>
- </funcs>
-
-
-
- <section>
- <title>CALLBACK FUNCTIONS</title>
- <p>
- The following functions should be exported from a
- <c>gen_statem</c> callback module.
- </p>
- </section>
- <funcs>
-
<func>
- <name>Module:init(Args) -> Result</name>
- <fsummary>Initialize process and internal state</fsummary>
- <type>
- <v>Args = term()</v>
- <v>Result = {CallbackMode,State,Data}</v>
- <v>&nbsp;| {CallbackMode,State,Data,Actions}</v>
- <v>&nbsp;| {stop,Reason} | ignore</v>
- <v>
- CallbackMode =
- <seealso marker="#type-callback_mode">callback_mode()</seealso>
- </v>
- <v>State = <seealso marker="#type-state">state()</seealso></v>
- <v>
- Data = <seealso marker="#type-data">data()</seealso>
- </v>
- <v>
- Actions =
- [<seealso marker="#type-action">action()</seealso>] |
- <seealso marker="#type-action">action()</seealso>
- </v>
- <v>Reason = term()</v>
- </type>
+ <name name="reply" arity="1"/>
+ <name name="reply" arity="2"/>
+ <fsummary>Reply to a caller.</fsummary>
<desc>
- <marker id="Module:init-1" />
- <p>
- Whenever a <c>gen_statem</c> is started using
- <seealso marker="#start_link/3"><c>start_link/3,4</c></seealso>
- or
- <seealso marker="#start/3"><c>start/3,4</c></seealso>,
- this function is called by the new process to initialize
- the implementation state and server data.
- </p>
<p>
- <c>Args</c> is the <c>Args</c> argument provided to the start
- function.
- </p>
- <p>
- If the initialization is successful, the function should
- return <c>{CallbackMode,State,Data}</c> or
- <c>{CallbackMode,State,Data,Actions}</c>.
- <c>CallbackMode</c> selects the
- <seealso marker="#type-callback_mode"><em>callback mode</em></seealso>.
- of the <c>gen_statem</c>.
- <c>State</c> is the initial
- <seealso marker="#type-state"><c>state()</c></seealso>
- and <c>Data</c> the initial server
- <seealso marker="#type-data"><c>data()</c></seealso>.
+ This function can be used by a <c>gen_statem</c>
+ to explicitly send a reply to a process that waits in
+ <seealso marker="#call/2"><c>call/2</c></seealso>
+ when the reply cannot be defined in
+ the return value of a
+ <seealso marker="#state_function">state function</seealso>.
</p>
<p>
- The <seealso marker="#type-action"><c>Actions</c></seealso>
- are executed when entering the first
- <seealso marker="#type-state">state</seealso> just as for a
+ <c><anno>From</anno></c> must be the term from argument
+ <seealso marker="#type-event_type">
+ <c>{call,<anno>From</anno>}</c>
+ </seealso>
+ to the
<seealso marker="#state_function">state function</seealso>.
+ <c><anno>From</anno></c> and <c><anno>Reply</anno></c>
+ can also be specified using a
+ <seealso marker="#type-reply_action">
+ <c>reply_action()</c>
+ </seealso>
+ and multiple replies with a list of them.
</p>
+ <note>
+ <p>
+ A reply sent with this function is not visible
+ in <seealso marker="sys"><c>sys</c></seealso> debug output.
+ </p>
+ </note>
+ </desc>
+ </func>
+
+ <func>
+ <name name="start" arity="3"/>
+ <name name="start" arity="4"/>
+ <fsummary>Create a standalone <c>gen_statem</c> process.</fsummary>
+ <desc>
<p>
- If something goes wrong during the initialization
- the function should return <c>{stop,Reason}</c>
- or <c>ignore</c>. See
- <seealso marker="#start_link/3"><c>start_link/3,4</c></seealso>.
+ Creates a standalone <c>gen_statem</c> process according to
+ OTP design principles (using
+ <seealso marker="proc_lib"><c>proc_lib</c></seealso>
+ primitives).
+ As it does not get linked to the calling process,
+ this start function cannot be used by a supervisor
+ to start a child.
</p>
<p>
- This function may use
- <seealso marker="erts:erlang#throw/1"><c>throw/1</c></seealso>
- to return <c>Result</c>.
+ For a description of arguments and return values, see
+ <seealso marker="#start_link/3"><c>start_link/3,4</c></seealso>.
</p>
</desc>
</func>
<func>
- <name>Module:StateName(EventType, EventContent, Data) ->
- StateFunctionResult
- </name>
- <name>Module:handle_event(EventType, EventContent,
- State, Data) -> HandleEventResult
- </name>
- <fsummary>Handle an event</fsummary>
- <type>
- <v>
- EventType =
- <seealso marker="#type-event_type">event_type()</seealso>
- </v>
- <v>EventContent = term()</v>
- <v>
- State =
- <seealso marker="#type-state">state()</seealso>
- </v>
- <v>
- Data = NewData =
- <seealso marker="#type-data">data()</seealso>
- </v>
- <v>
- StateFunctionResult =
- <seealso marker="#type-state_function_result">
- state_function_result()
- </seealso>
- </v>
- <v>
- HandleEventResult =
- <seealso marker="#type-handle_event_result">
- handle_event_result()
- </seealso>
- </v>
- </type>
+ <name name="start_link" arity="3"/>
+ <name name="start_link" arity="4"/>
+ <fsummary>Create a linked <c>gen_statem</c> process.</fsummary>
<desc>
<p>
- Whenever a <c>gen_statem</c> receives an event from
- <seealso marker="#call/2"><c>call/2</c></seealso>,
- <seealso marker="#cast/2"><c>cast/2</c></seealso> or
- as a normal process message one of these functions is called. If
- <seealso marker="#type-callback_mode"><em>callback mode</em></seealso>
- is <c>state_functions</c> then <c>Module:StateName/3</c> is called,
- and if it is <c>handle_event_function</c>
- then <c>Module:handle_event/4</c> is called.
+ Creates a <c>gen_statem</c> process according
+ to OTP design principles
+ (using
+ <seealso marker="proc_lib"><c>proc_lib</c></seealso>
+ primitives)
+ that is linked to the calling process.
+ This is essential when the <c>gen_statem</c> must be part of
+ a supervision tree so it gets linked to its supervisor.
</p>
<p>
- If <c>EventType</c> is
- <seealso marker="#type-event_type"><c>{call,From}</c></seealso>
- the caller is waiting for a reply. The reply can be sent
- from this or from any other
- <seealso marker="#state_function">state function</seealso>
- by returning with <c>{reply,From,Reply}</c> in
- <seealso marker="#type-action"><c>Actions</c></seealso>, in
- <seealso marker="#type-reply_action"><c>Replies</c></seealso>
- or by calling
- <seealso marker="#reply/2"><c>reply(From, Reply)</c></seealso>.
+ The <c>gen_statem</c> process calls
+ <seealso marker="#Module:init/1"><c>Module:init/1</c></seealso>
+ to initialize the server. To ensure a synchronized startup
+ procedure, <c>start_link/3,4</c> does not return until
+ <seealso marker="#Module:init/1"><c>Module:init/1</c></seealso>
+ has returned.
</p>
<p>
- If this function returns with a next state that
- does not match equal (<c>=/=</c>) to the current state
- all postponed events will be retried in the next state.
+ <c><anno>ServerName</anno></c> specifies the
+ <seealso marker="#type-server_name">
+ <c>server_name()</c>
+ </seealso>
+ to register for the <c>gen_statem</c>.
+ If the <c>gen_statem</c> is started with <c>start_link/3</c>,
+ no <c><anno>ServerName</anno></c> is provided and
+ the <c>gen_statem</c> is not registered.
</p>
- <p>
- The only difference between <c>StateFunctionResult</c> and
- <c>HandleEventResult</c> is that for <c>StateFunctionResult</c>
- the next state has to be an atom but for <c>HandleEventResult</c>
- there is no restriction on the next state.
+ <p><c><anno>Module</anno></c> is the name of the callback module.</p>
+ <p>
+ <c><anno>Args</anno></c> is an arbitrary term that is passed as
+ the argument to
+ <seealso marker="#Module:init/1"><c>Module:init/1</c></seealso>.
</p>
+ <list type="bulleted">
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ If option <c>{timeout,Time}</c> is present in
+ <c><anno>Opts</anno></c>, the <c>gen_statem</c>
+ is allowed to spend <c>Time</c> milliseconds initializing
+ or it terminates and the start function returns
+ <seealso marker="#type-start_ret">
+ <c>{error,timeout}</c></seealso>.
+ </p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ If option
+ <seealso marker="#type-debug_opt"><c>{debug,Dbgs}</c></seealso>
+ is present in <c><anno>Opts</anno></c>, debugging through
+ <seealso marker="sys"><c>sys</c></seealso> is activated.
+ </p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ If option <c>{spawn_opt,SpawnOpts}</c> is present in
+ <c><anno>Opts</anno></c>, <c>SpawnOpts</c> is passed
+ as option list to <seealso marker="erts:erlang#spawn_opt/2">
+ <c>erlang:spawn_opt/2</c></seealso>,
+ which is used to spawn the <c>gen_statem</c> process.
+ </p>
+ </item>
+ </list>
+ <note>
+ <p>
+ Using spawn option <c>monitor</c> is not
+ allowed, it cause this function to fail with reason
+ <c>badarg</c>.
+ </p>
+ </note>
<p>
- See <seealso marker="#type-action"><c>action()</c></seealso>
- for options that can be set and actions that can be done
- by <c>gen_statem</c> after returning from this function.
+ If the <c>gen_statem</c> is successfully created
+ and initialized, this function returns
+ <seealso marker="#type-start_ret">
+ <c>{ok,Pid}</c>
+ </seealso>,
+ where <c>Pid</c> is the <c>pid()</c>
+ of the <c>gen_statem</c>.
+ If a process with the specified <c><anno>ServerName</anno></c>
+ exists already, this function returns
+ <seealso marker="#type-start_ret">
+ <c>{error,{already_started,Pid}}</c></seealso>,
+ where <c>Pid</c> is the <c>pid()</c> of that process.
</p>
<p>
- These functions may use
- <seealso marker="erts:erlang#throw/1"><c>throw/1</c></seealso>,
- to return the result.
+ If <c>Module:init/1</c> fails with <c>Reason</c>,
+ this function returns
+ <seealso marker="#type-start_ret"><c>{error,Reason}</c></seealso>.
+ If <c>Module:init/1</c> returns
+ <seealso marker="#type-start_ret">
+ <c>{stop,Reason}</c>
+ </seealso>
+ or
+ <seealso marker="#type-start_ret"><c>ignore</c></seealso>,
+ the process is terminated and this function
+ returns
+ <seealso marker="#type-start_ret">
+ <c>{error,Reason}</c>
+ </seealso>
+ or
+ <seealso marker="#type-start_ret"><c>ignore</c></seealso>,
+ respectively.
</p>
</desc>
</func>
<func>
- <name>Module:terminate(Reason, State, Data) -> Ignored</name>
- <fsummary>Clean up before termination</fsummary>
- <type>
- <v>Reason = normal | shutdown | {shutdown,term()} | term()</v>
- <v>State = <seealso marker="#type-state">state()</seealso></v>
- <v>Data = <seealso marker="#type-data">data()</seealso></v>
- <v>Ignored = term()</v>
- </type>
+ <name name="stop" arity="1"/>
+ <fsummary>Synchronously stop a generic server.</fsummary>
<desc>
- <p>
- This function is called by a <c>gen_statem</c>
- when it is about to terminate. It should be the opposite of
- <seealso marker="#Module:init/1"><c>Module:init/1</c></seealso>
- and do any necessary cleaning up. When it returns,
- the <c>gen_statem</c> terminates with <c>Reason</c>. The return
- value is ignored.</p>
- <p>
- <c>Reason</c> is a term denoting the stop reason and
- <seealso marker="#type-state"><c>State</c></seealso>
- is the internal state of the <c>gen_statem</c>.
- </p>
- <p>
- <c>Reason</c> depends on why the <c>gen_statem</c>
- is terminating.
- If it is because another callback function has returned a
- stop tuple <c>{stop,Reason}</c> in
- <seealso marker="#type-action"><c>Actions</c></seealso>,
- <c>Reason</c> will have the value specified in that tuple.
- If it is due to a failure, <c>Reason</c> is the error reason.
+ <p>
+ The same as
+ <seealso marker="#stop/3">
+ <c>stop(<anno>ServerRef</anno>, normal, infinity)</c>.
+ </seealso>
</p>
- <p>
- If the <c>gen_statem</c> is part of a supervision tree and is
- ordered by its supervisor to terminate, this function will be
- called with <c>Reason = shutdown</c> if the following
- conditions apply:</p>
- <list type="bulleted">
- <item>
- the <c>gen_statem</c> has been set
- to trap exit signals, and
- </item>
- <item>
- the shutdown strategy as defined in the supervisor's
- child specification is an integer timeout value, not
- <c>brutal_kill</c>.
- </item>
- </list>
- <p>
- Even if the <c>gen_statem</c> is <em>not</em>
- part of a supervision tree, this function will be called
- if it receives an <c>'EXIT'</c> message from its parent.
- <c>Reason</c> will be the same as
- in the <c>'EXIT'</c> message.
+ </desc>
+ </func>
+
+ <func>
+ <name name="stop" arity="3"/>
+ <fsummary>Synchronously stop a generic server.</fsummary>
+ <desc>
+ <p>
+ Orders the <c>gen_statem</c>
+ <seealso marker="#type-server_ref">
+ <c><anno>ServerRef</anno></c>
+ </seealso>
+ to exit with the specified <c><anno>Reason</anno></c>
+ and waits for it to terminate.
+ The <c>gen_statem</c> calls
+ <seealso marker="#Module:terminate/3">
+ <c>Module:terminate/3</c>
+ </seealso>
+ before exiting.
</p>
- <p>
- Otherwise, the <c>gen_statem</c> will be immediately terminated.
+ <p>
+ This function returns <c>ok</c> if the server terminates
+ with the expected reason. Any other reason than <c>normal</c>,
+ <c>shutdown</c>, or <c>{shutdown,Term}</c> causes an
+ error report to be issued through
+ <seealso marker="kernel:error_logger#format/2">
+ <c>error_logger:format/2</c>
+ </seealso>.
+ The default <c><anno>Reason</anno></c> is <c>normal</c>.
</p>
- <p>
- Note that for any other reason than <c>normal</c>,
- <c>shutdown</c>, or <c>{shutdown,Term}</c>
- the <c>gen_statem</c> is assumed to terminate due to an error
- and an error report is issued using
- <seealso marker="kernel:error_logger#format/2">
- <c>error_logger:format/2</c>.
- </seealso>
+ <p>
+ <c><anno>Timeout</anno></c> is an integer &gt; 0,
+ which specifies how many milliseconds to wait for the server to
+ terminate, or the atom <c>infinity</c> to wait indefinitely.
+ Defaults to <c>infinity</c>.
+ If the server does not terminate within the specified time,
+ a <c>timeout</c> exception is raised.
</p>
<p>
- This function may use
- <seealso marker="erts:erlang#throw/1"><c>throw/1</c></seealso>
- to return <c>Ignored</c>, which is ignored anyway.
+ If the process does not exist, a <c>noproc</c> exception
+ is raised.
</p>
</desc>
</func>
+ </funcs>
+ <section>
+ <title>Callback Functions</title>
+ <p>
+ The following functions are to be exported from a
+ <c>gen_statem</c> callback module.
+ </p>
+ </section>
+
+ <funcs>
<func>
<name>Module:code_change(OldVsn, OldState, OldData, Extra) ->
Result
</name>
- <fsummary>Update the internal state during upgrade/downgrade</fsummary>
+ <fsummary>Update the internal state during upgrade/downgrade.</fsummary>
<type>
<v>OldVsn = Vsn | {down,Vsn}</v>
<v>&nbsp;&nbsp;Vsn = term()</v>
@@ -1544,24 +1382,23 @@ handle_event(_, _, State, Data) ->
</type>
<desc>
<p>
- This function is called by a <c>gen_statem</c> when it should
- update its internal state during a release upgrade/downgrade,
- that is when the instruction <c>{update,Module,Change,...}</c>
- where <c>Change={advanced,Extra}</c> is given in the
+ This function is called by a <c>gen_statem</c> when it is to
+ update its internal state during a release upgrade/downgrade,
+ that is, when the instruction <c>{update,Module,Change,...}</c>,
+ where <c>Change={advanced,Extra}</c>, is specified in the
<seealso marker="sasl:appup"><c>appup</c></seealso>
- file. See
- <seealso marker="doc/design_principles:release_handling#instr">
+ file. For more information, see
+ <seealso marker="doc/design_principles:release_handling#instr">
OTP Design Principles
- </seealso>
- for more information.
+ </seealso>.
</p>
- <p>
- In the case of an upgrade, <c>OldVsn</c> is <c>Vsn</c>, and
- in the case of a downgrade, <c>OldVsn</c> is
- <c>{down,Vsn}</c>. <c>Vsn</c> is defined by the <c>vsn</c>
- attribute(s) of the old version of the callback module
- <c>Module</c>. If no such attribute is defined, the version
- is the checksum of the BEAM file.
+ <p>
+ For an upgrade, <c>OldVsn</c> is <c>Vsn</c>, and
+ for a downgrade, <c>OldVsn</c> is
+ <c>{down,Vsn}</c>. <c>Vsn</c> is defined by the <c>vsn</c>
+ attribute(s) of the old version of the callback module
+ <c>Module</c>. If no such attribute is defined, the version
+ is the checksum of the Beam file.
</p>
<note>
<p>
@@ -1569,14 +1406,14 @@ handle_event(_, _, State, Data) ->
<seealso marker="#type-callback_mode">
<em>callback mode</em>
</seealso>
- during release upgrade/downgrade, the upgrade is no problem
- since the new code surely knows what <em>callback mode</em>
- it needs, but for a downgrade this function will have to
- know from the <c>Extra</c> argument that comes from the
- <seealso marker="sasl:appup"><c>appup</c></seealso>
+ during release upgrade/downgrade, the upgrade is no problem,
+ as the new code surely knows what <em>callback mode</em>
+ it needs. However, for a downgrade this function must
+ know from argument <c>Extra</c> that comes from the
+ <seealso marker="sasl:appup"><c>sasl:appup</c></seealso>
file what <em>callback mode</em> the old code did use.
- It may also be possible to figure this out
- from the <c>{down,Vsn}</c> argument since <c>Vsn</c>
+ It can also be possible to figure this out
+ from argument <c>{down,Vsn}</c>, as <c>Vsn</c>
in effect defines the old callback module version.
</p>
</note>
@@ -1584,32 +1421,102 @@ handle_event(_, _, State, Data) ->
<c>OldState</c> and <c>OldData</c> is the internal state
of the <c>gen_statem</c>.
</p>
- <p>
- <c>Extra</c> is passed as-is from the <c>{advanced,Extra}</c>
- part of the update instruction.
+ <p>
+ <c>Extra</c> is passed "as is" from the <c>{advanced,Extra}</c>
+ part of the update instruction.
</p>
- <p>
- If successful, the function shall return the updated
- internal state in an
+ <p>
+ If successful, the function must return the updated
+ internal state in an
<c>{NewCallbackMode,NewState,NewData}</c> tuple.
</p>
<p>
If the function returns <c>Reason</c>, the ongoing
- upgrade will fail and roll back to the old release.</p>
+ upgrade fails and rolls back to the old release.</p>
<p>
- This function may use
- <seealso marker="erts:erlang#throw/1"><c>throw/1</c></seealso>
+ This function can use
+ <seealso marker="erts:erlang#throw/1"><c>erlang:throw/1</c></seealso>
to return <c>Result</c> or <c>Reason</c>.
</p>
</desc>
</func>
<func>
+ <name>Module:init(Args) -> Result</name>
+ <fsummary>Initialize process and internal state.</fsummary>
+ <type>
+ <v>Args = term()</v>
+ <v>Result = {CallbackMode,State,Data}</v>
+ <v>&nbsp;| {CallbackMode,State,Data,Actions}</v>
+ <v>&nbsp;| {stop,Reason} | ignore</v>
+ <v>
+ CallbackMode =
+ <seealso marker="#type-callback_mode">callback_mode()</seealso>
+ </v>
+ <v>State = <seealso marker="#type-state">state()</seealso></v>
+ <v>
+ Data = <seealso marker="#type-data">data()</seealso>
+ </v>
+ <v>
+ Actions =
+ [<seealso marker="#type-action">action()</seealso>] |
+ <seealso marker="#type-action">action()</seealso>
+ </v>
+ <v>Reason = term()</v>
+ </type>
+ <desc>
+ <marker id="Module:init-1"/>
+ <p>
+ Whenever a <c>gen_statem</c> is started using
+ <seealso marker="#start_link/3"><c>start_link/3,4</c></seealso>
+ or
+ <seealso marker="#start/3"><c>start/3,4</c></seealso>,
+ this function is called by the new process to initialize
+ the implementation state and server data.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ <c>Args</c> is the <c>Args</c> argument provided to the start
+ function.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ If the initialization is successful, the function is to
+ return <c>{CallbackMode,State,Data}</c> or
+ <c>{CallbackMode,State,Data,Actions}</c>.
+ <c>CallbackMode</c> selects the
+ <seealso marker="#type-callback_mode">
+ <em>callback mode</em></seealso>
+ of the <c>gen_statem</c>.
+ <c>State</c> is the initial
+ <seealso marker="#type-state"><c>state()</c></seealso>
+ and <c>Data</c> the initial server
+ <seealso marker="#type-data"><c>data()</c></seealso>.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ The <seealso marker="#type-action"><c>Actions</c></seealso>
+ are executed when entering the first
+ <seealso marker="#type-state">state</seealso> just as for a
+ <seealso marker="#state_function">state function</seealso>.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ If the initialization fails,
+ the function is to return <c>{stop,Reason}</c>
+ or <c>ignore</c>; see
+ <seealso marker="#start_link/3"><c>start_link/3,4</c></seealso>.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ This function can use
+ <seealso marker="erts:erlang#throw/1"><c>erlang:throw/1</c></seealso>
+ to return <c>Result</c>.
+ </p>
+ </desc>
+ </func>
+
+ <func>
<name>Module:format_status(Opt, [PDict,State,Data]) ->
Status
</name>
<fsummary>Optional function for providing a term describing the
- current <c>gen_statem</c> status</fsummary>
+ current <c>gen_statem</c> status.</fsummary>
<type>
<v>Opt = normal | terminate</v>
<v>PDict = [{Key, Value}]</v>
@@ -1627,58 +1534,59 @@ handle_event(_, _, State, Data) ->
</type>
<desc>
<note>
- <p>
- This callback is optional, so a callback module need not
- export it. The <c>gen_statem</c> module provides a default
- implementation of this function that returns
- <c>{State,Data}</c>. If this callback fails the default
- function will return <c>{State,Info}</c>
+ <p>
+ This callback is optional, so a callback module does not need
+ to export it. The <c>gen_statem</c> module provides a default
+ implementation of this function that returns
+ <c>{State,Data}</c>. If this callback fails, the default
+ function returns <c>{State,Info}</c>,
where <c>Info</c> informs of the crash but no details,
to hide possibly sensitive data.
</p>
</note>
- <p>This function is called by a <c>gen_statem</c> process when:</p>
+ <p>This function is called by a <c>gen_statem</c> process when
+ any of the following apply:</p>
<list type="bulleted">
- <item>
+ <item>
One of
- <seealso marker="sys#get_status/1">
+ <seealso marker="sys#get_status/1">
<c>sys:get_status/1,2</c>
</seealso>
- is invoked to get the <c>gen_statem</c> status. <c>Opt</c> is set
- to the atom <c>normal</c> for this case.
+ is invoked to get the <c>gen_statem</c> status. <c>Opt</c> is set
+ to the atom <c>normal</c> for this case.
</item>
- <item>
+ <item>
The <c>gen_statem</c> terminates abnormally and logs an error.
<c>Opt</c> is set to the atom <c>terminate</c> for this case.
</item>
- </list>
+ </list>
<p>
- This function is useful for customising the form and
+ This function is useful for changing the form and
appearance of the <c>gen_statem</c> status for these cases. A
- callback module wishing to customise the
+ callback module wishing to change the
<seealso marker="sys#get_status/1">
<c>sys:get_status/1,2</c>
</seealso>
- return value as well as how
+ return value and how
its status appears in termination error logs exports an
- instance of <c>format_status/2</c> that returns a term
+ instance of <c>format_status/2</c>, which returns a term
describing the current status of the <c>gen_statem</c>.
</p>
- <p>
- <c>PDict</c> is the current value of the <c>gen_statem</c>'s
- process dictionary.
+ <p>
+ <c>PDict</c> is the current value of the process dictionary
+ of the <c>gen_statem</c>.
</p>
- <p>
+ <p>
<seealso marker="#type-state"><c>State</c></seealso>
is the internal state of the <c>gen_statem</c>.
</p>
- <p>
+ <p>
<seealso marker="#type-data"><c>Data</c></seealso>
is the internal server data of the <c>gen_statem</c>.
</p>
- <p>
- The function should return <c>Status</c>, a term that
- customises the details of the current state and status of
+ <p>
+ The function is to return <c>Status</c>, a term that
+ changes the details of the current state and status of
the <c>gen_statem</c>. There are no restrictions on the
form <c>Status</c> can take, but for the
<seealso marker="sys#get_status/1">
@@ -1687,38 +1595,197 @@ handle_event(_, _, State, Data) ->
case (when <c>Opt</c>
is <c>normal</c>), the recommended form for
the <c>Status</c> value is <c>[{data, [{"State",
- Term}]}]</c> where <c>Term</c> provides relevant details of
- the <c>gen_statem</c> state. Following this recommendation isn't
- required, but doing so will make the callback module status
+ Term}]}]</c>, where <c>Term</c> provides relevant details of
+ the <c>gen_statem</c> state. Following this recommendation is not
+ required, but it makes the callback module status
consistent with the rest of the
<seealso marker="sys#get_status/1">
<c>sys:get_status/1,2</c>
</seealso>
return value.
</p>
- <p>
+ <p>
One use for this function is to return compact alternative
state representations to avoid having large state terms
- printed in logfiles. Another is to hide sensitive data from
+ printed in log files. Another use is to hide sensitive data from
being written to the error log.
</p>
<p>
- This function may use
- <seealso marker="erts:erlang#throw/1"><c>throw/1</c></seealso>
+ This function can use
+ <seealso marker="erts:erlang#throw/1"><c>erlang:throw/1</c></seealso>
to return <c>Status</c>.
</p>
</desc>
</func>
+ <func>
+ <name>Module:StateName(EventType, EventContent, Data) ->
+ StateFunctionResult
+ </name>
+ <name>Module:handle_event(EventType, EventContent,
+ State, Data) -> HandleEventResult
+ </name>
+ <fsummary>Handle an event.</fsummary>
+ <type>
+ <v>
+ EventType =
+ <seealso marker="#type-event_type">event_type()</seealso>
+ </v>
+ <v>EventContent = term()</v>
+ <v>
+ State =
+ <seealso marker="#type-state">state()</seealso>
+ </v>
+ <v>
+ Data = NewData =
+ <seealso marker="#type-data">data()</seealso>
+ </v>
+ <v>
+ StateFunctionResult =
+ <seealso marker="#type-state_function_result">
+ state_function_result()
+ </seealso>
+ </v>
+ <v>
+ HandleEventResult =
+ <seealso marker="#type-handle_event_result">
+ handle_event_result()
+ </seealso>
+ </v>
+ </type>
+ <desc>
+ <p>
+ Whenever a <c>gen_statem</c> receives an event from
+ <seealso marker="#call/2"><c>call/2</c></seealso>,
+ <seealso marker="#cast/2"><c>cast/2</c></seealso>, or
+ as a normal process message, one of these functions is called. If
+ <seealso marker="#type-callback_mode"><em>callback mode</em></seealso>
+ is <c>state_functions</c>, <c>Module:StateName/3</c> is called,
+ and if it is <c>handle_event_function</c>,
+ <c>Module:handle_event/4</c> is called.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ If <c>EventType</c> is
+ <seealso marker="#type-event_type"><c>{call,From}</c></seealso>,
+ the caller waits for a reply. The reply can be sent
+ from this or from any other
+ <seealso marker="#state_function">state function</seealso>
+ by returning with <c>{reply,From,Reply}</c> in
+ <seealso marker="#type-action"><c>Actions</c></seealso>, in
+ <seealso marker="#type-reply_action"><c>Replies</c></seealso>,
+ or by calling
+ <seealso marker="#reply/2"><c>reply(From, Reply)</c></seealso>.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ If this function returns with a next state that
+ does not match equal (<c>=/=</c>) to the current state,
+ all postponed events are retried in the next state.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ The only difference between <c>StateFunctionResult</c> and
+ <c>HandleEventResult</c> is that for <c>StateFunctionResult</c>
+ the next state must be an atom, but for <c>HandleEventResult</c>
+ there is no restriction on the next state.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ For options that can be set and actions that can be done
+ by <c>gen_statem</c> after returning from this function,
+ see <seealso marker="#type-action"><c>action()</c></seealso>.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ These functions can use
+ <seealso marker="erts:erlang#throw/1"><c>erlang:throw/1</c></seealso>,
+ to return the result.
+ </p>
+ </desc>
+ </func>
+
+ <func>
+ <name>Module:terminate(Reason, State, Data) -> Ignored</name>
+ <fsummary>Clean up before termination.</fsummary>
+ <type>
+ <v>Reason = normal | shutdown | {shutdown,term()} | term()</v>
+ <v>State = <seealso marker="#type-state">state()</seealso></v>
+ <v>Data = <seealso marker="#type-data">data()</seealso></v>
+ <v>Ignored = term()</v>
+ </type>
+ <desc>
+ <p>
+ This function is called by a <c>gen_statem</c>
+ when it is about to terminate. It is to be the opposite of
+ <seealso marker="#Module:init/1"><c>Module:init/1</c></seealso>
+ and do any necessary cleaning up. When it returns,
+ the <c>gen_statem</c> terminates with <c>Reason</c>. The return
+ value is ignored.</p>
+ <p>
+ <c>Reason</c> is a term denoting the stop reason and
+ <seealso marker="#type-state"><c>State</c></seealso>
+ is the internal state of the <c>gen_statem</c>.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ <c>Reason</c> depends on why the <c>gen_statem</c>
+ is terminating.
+ If it is because another callback function has returned, a
+ stop tuple <c>{stop,Reason}</c> in
+ <seealso marker="#type-action"><c>Actions</c></seealso>,
+ <c>Reason</c> has the value specified in that tuple.
+ If it is because of a failure, <c>Reason</c> is the error reason.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ If the <c>gen_statem</c> is part of a supervision tree and is
+ ordered by its supervisor to terminate, this function is
+ called with <c>Reason = shutdown</c> if both the following
+ conditions apply:</p>
+ <list type="bulleted">
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ The <c>gen_statem</c> has been set
+ to trap exit signals.
+ </p>
+ </item>
+ <item>
+ <p>
+ The shutdown strategy as defined in the supervisor's
+ child specification is an integer time-out value, not
+ <c>brutal_kill</c>.
+ </p>
+ </item>
+ </list>
+ <p>
+ Even if the <c>gen_statem</c> is <em>not</em>
+ part of a supervision tree, this function is called
+ if it receives an <c>'EXIT'</c> message from its parent.
+ <c>Reason</c> is the same as
+ in the <c>'EXIT'</c> message.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ Otherwise, the <c>gen_statem</c> is immediately terminated.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ Notice that for any other reason than <c>normal</c>,
+ <c>shutdown</c>, or <c>{shutdown,Term}</c>,
+ the <c>gen_statem</c> is assumed to terminate because of an error
+ and an error report is issued using
+ <seealso marker="kernel:error_logger#format/2">
+ <c>error_logger:format/2</c>.
+ </seealso>
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ This function can use
+ <seealso marker="erts:erlang#throw/1"><c>erlang:throw/1</c></seealso>
+ to return <c>Ignored</c>, which is ignored anyway.
+ </p>
+ </desc>
+ </func>
</funcs>
<section>
- <title>SEE ALSO</title>
+ <title>See Also</title>
<p><seealso marker="gen_event"><c>gen_event(3)</c></seealso>,
<seealso marker="gen_fsm"><c>gen_fsm(3)</c></seealso>,
<seealso marker="gen_server"><c>gen_server(3)</c></seealso>,
- <seealso marker="supervisor"><c>supervisor(3)</c></seealso>,
<seealso marker="proc_lib"><c>proc_lib(3)</c></seealso>,
+ <seealso marker="supervisor"><c>supervisor(3)</c></seealso>,
<seealso marker="sys"><c>sys(3)</c></seealso></p>
</section>
</erlref>