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Diffstat (limited to 'system/doc/design_principles/events.xml')
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diff --git a/system/doc/design_principles/events.xml b/system/doc/design_principles/events.xml index 529e12c216..3c9d0996dc 100644 --- a/system/doc/design_principles/events.xml +++ b/system/doc/design_principles/events.xml @@ -8,20 +8,21 @@ <holder>Ericsson AB. All Rights Reserved.</holder> </copyright> <legalnotice> - The contents of this file are subject to the Erlang Public License, - Version 1.1, (the "License"); you may not use this file except in - compliance with the License. You should have received a copy of the - Erlang Public License along with this software. If not, it can be - retrieved online at http://www.erlang.org/. - - Software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" - basis, WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See - the License for the specific language governing rights and limitations - under the License. + Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); + you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. + You may obtain a copy of the License at + + http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 + + Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software + distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, + WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. + See the License for the specific language governing permissions and + limitations under the License. </legalnotice> - <title>Gen_Event Behaviour</title> + <title>gen_event Behaviour</title> <prepared></prepared> <docno></docno> <date></date> @@ -29,35 +30,36 @@ <file>events.xml</file> </header> <marker id="gen_event"></marker> - <p>This chapter should be read in conjunction with - <c>gen_event(3)</c>, where all interface functions and callback - functions are described in detail.</p> + <p>This section is to be read with the <c>gen_event(3)</c> manual + page in STDLIB, where all interface functions and callback + functions are described in detail.</p> <section> <title>Event Handling Principles</title> <p>In OTP, an <em>event manager</em> is a named object to which - events can be sent. An <em>event</em> could be, for example, - an error, an alarm or some information that should be logged.</p> - <p>In the event manager, zero, one or several <em>event handlers</em> are installed. When the event manager is notified - about an event, the event will be processed by all the installed + events can be sent. An <em>event</em> can be, for example, + an error, an alarm, or some information that is to be logged.</p> + <p>In the event manager, zero, one, or many <em>event handlers</em> + are installed. When the event manager is notified + about an event, the event is processed by all the installed event handlers. For example, an event manager for handling errors - can by default have a handler installed which writes error + can by default have a handler installed, which writes error messages to the terminal. If the error messages during a certain - period should be saved to a file as well, the user adds another - event handler which does this. When logging to file is no longer - necessary, this event handler is deleted.</p> + period is to be saved to a file as well, the user adds another + event handler that does this. When logging to the file is no + longer necessary, this event handler is deleted.</p> <p>An event manager is implemented as a process and each event handler is implemented as a callback module.</p> <p>The event manager essentially maintains a list of <c>{Module, State}</c> pairs, where each <c>Module</c> is an - event handler, and <c>State</c> the internal state of that event - handler.</p> + event handler, and <c>State</c> is the internal state of that + event handler.</p> </section> <section> <title>Example</title> <p>The callback module for the event handler writing error messages - to the terminal could look like:</p> + to the terminal can look as follows:</p> <code type="none"> -module(terminal_logger). -behaviour(gen_event). @@ -74,7 +76,7 @@ handle_event(ErrorMsg, State) -> terminate(_Args, _State) -> ok.</code> <p>The callback module for the event handler writing error messages - to a file could look like:</p> + to a file can look as follows:</p> <code type="none"> -module(file_logger). -behaviour(gen_event). @@ -98,29 +100,28 @@ terminate(_Args, Fd) -> <marker id="mgr"></marker> <title>Starting an Event Manager</title> <p>To start an event manager for handling errors, as described in - the example above, call the following function:</p> + the previous example, call the following function:</p> <code type="none"> gen_event:start_link({local, error_man})</code> <p>This function spawns and links to a new process, an event manager.</p> - <p>The argument, <c>{local, error_man}</c> specifies the name. In - this case, the event manager will be locally registered as - <c>error_man</c>.</p> + <p>The argument, <c>{local, error_man}</c> specifies the name. The + event manager is then locally registered as <c>error_man</c>.</p> <p>If the name is omitted, the event manager is not registered. - Instead its pid must be used. The name could also be given + Instead its pid must be used. The name can also be given as <c>{global, Name}</c>, in which case the event manager is registered using <c>global:register_name/2</c>.</p> <p><c>gen_event:start_link</c> must be used if the event manager is - part of a supervision tree, i.e. is started by a supervisor. - There is another function <c>gen_event:start</c> to start a - stand-alone event manager, i.e. an event manager which is not + part of a supervision tree, that is, started by a supervisor. + There is another function, <c>gen_event:start</c>, to start a + standalone event manager, that is, an event manager that is not part of a supervision tree.</p> </section> <section> <title>Adding an Event Handler</title> - <p>Here is an example using the shell on how to start an event - manager and add an event handler to it:</p> + <p>The following example shows how to start an event manager and + add an event handler to it by using the shell:</p> <pre> 1> <input>gen_event:start({local, error_man}).</input> {ok,<0.31.0>} @@ -128,16 +129,16 @@ gen_event:start_link({local, error_man})</code> ok</pre> <p>This function sends a message to the event manager registered as <c>error_man</c>, telling it to add the event handler - <c>terminal_logger</c>. The event manager will call the callback - function <c>terminal_logger:init([])</c>, where the argument [] - is the third argument to <c>add_handler</c>. <c>init</c> is - expected to return <c>{ok, State}</c>, where <c>State</c> is + <c>terminal_logger</c>. The event manager calls the callback + function <c>terminal_logger:init([])</c>, where the argument + <c>[]</c> is the third argument to <c>add_handler</c>. <c>init</c> + is expected to return <c>{ok, State}</c>, where <c>State</c> is the internal state of the event handler.</p> <code type="none"> init(_Args) -> {ok, []}.</code> <p>Here, <c>init</c> does not need any input data and ignores its - argument. Also, for <c>terminal_logger</c> the internal state is + argument. For <c>terminal_logger</c>, the internal state is not used. For <c>file_logger</c>, the internal state is used to save the open file descriptor.</p> <code type="none"> @@ -147,7 +148,7 @@ init(File) -> </section> <section> - <title>Notifying About Events</title> + <title>Notifying about Events</title> <pre> 3> <input>gen_event:notify(error_man, no_reply).</input> ***Error*** no_reply @@ -158,7 +159,7 @@ ok</pre> When the event is received, the event manager calls <c>handle_event(Event, State)</c> for each installed event handler, in the same order as they were added. The function is - expected to return a tuple <c>{ok, State1}</c>, where + expected to return a tuple <c>{ok,State1}</c>, where <c>State1</c> is a new value for the state of the event handler.</p> <p>In <c>terminal_logger</c>:</p> <code type="none"> @@ -179,17 +180,17 @@ handle_event(ErrorMsg, Fd) -> ok</pre> <p>This function sends a message to the event manager registered as <c>error_man</c>, telling it to delete the event handler - <c>terminal_logger</c>. The event manager will call the callback + <c>terminal_logger</c>. The event manager calls the callback function <c>terminal_logger:terminate([], State)</c>, where - the argument [] is the third argument to <c>delete_handler</c>. - <c>terminate</c> should be the opposite of <c>init</c> and do any + the argument <c>[]</c> is the third argument to <c>delete_handler</c>. + <c>terminate</c> is to be the opposite of <c>init</c> and do any necessary cleaning up. Its return value is ignored.</p> <p>For <c>terminal_logger</c>, no cleaning up is necessary:</p> <code type="none"> terminate(_Args, _State) -> ok.</code> <p>For <c>file_logger</c>, the file descriptor opened in <c>init</c> - needs to be closed:</p> + must be closed:</p> <code type="none"> terminate(_Args, Fd) -> file:close(Fd).</code> @@ -197,20 +198,22 @@ terminate(_Args, Fd) -> <section> <title>Stopping</title> - <p>When an event manager is stopped, it will give each of + <p>When an event manager is stopped, it gives each of the installed event handlers the chance to clean up by calling <c>terminate/2</c>, the same way as when deleting a handler.</p> <section> <title>In a Supervision Tree</title> <p>If the event manager is part of a supervision tree, no stop - function is needed. The event manager will automatically be + function is needed. The event manager is automatically terminated by its supervisor. Exactly how this is done is - defined by a <seealso marker="sup_princ#shutdown">shutdown strategy</seealso> set in the supervisor.</p> + defined by a + <seealso marker="sup_princ#shutdown">shutdown strategy</seealso> + set in the supervisor.</p> </section> <section> - <title>Stand-Alone Event Managers</title> + <title>Standalone Event Managers</title> <p>An event manager can also be stopped by calling:</p> <pre> > <input>gen_event:stop(error_man).</input> @@ -219,16 +222,17 @@ ok</pre> </section> <section> <title>Handling Other Messages</title> - <p>If the gen_event should be able to receive other messages than - events, the callback function <c>handle_info(Info, StateName, StateData)</c> - must be implemented to handle them. Examples of - other messages are exit messages, if the gen_event is linked to + <p>If the <c>gen_event</c> is to be able to receive other messages + than events, the callback function + <c>handle_info(Info, StateName, StateData)</c> + must be implemented to handle them. Examples of other + messages are exit messages, if the <c>gen_event</c> is linked to other processes (than the supervisor) and trapping exit signals.</p> <code type="none"> handle_info({'EXIT', Pid, Reason}, State) -> ..code to handle exits here.. {ok, NewState}.</code> - <p>The code_change method also has to be implemented.</p> + <p>The <c>code_change</c> method must also be implemented.</p> <code type="none"> code_change(OldVsn, State, Extra) -> ..code to convert state (and more) during code change |