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diff --git a/system/doc/efficiency_guide/drivers.xml b/system/doc/efficiency_guide/drivers.xml index dfc49bdf21..202551ab8e 100644 --- a/system/doc/efficiency_guide/drivers.xml +++ b/system/doc/efficiency_guide/drivers.xml @@ -8,17 +8,17 @@ <holder>Ericsson AB. All Rights Reserved.</holder> </copyright> <legalnotice> - The contents of this file are subject to the Erlang Public License, - Version 1.1, (the "License"); you may not use this file except in - compliance with the License. You should have received a copy of the - Erlang Public License along with this software. If not, it can be - retrieved online at http://www.erlang.org/. - - Software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" - basis, WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See - the License for the specific language governing rights and limitations - under the License. - + Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); + you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. + You may obtain a copy of the License at + + http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 + + Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software + distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, + WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. + See the License for the specific language governing permissions and + limitations under the License. </legalnotice> <title>Drivers</title> @@ -29,26 +29,26 @@ <file>drivers.xml</file> </header> - <p>This chapter provides a (very) brief overview on how to write efficient - drivers. It is assumed that you already have a good understanding of + <p>This section provides a brief overview on how to write efficient drivers.</p> + <p>It is assumed that you have a good understanding of drivers.</p> <section> - <title>Drivers and concurrency</title> + <title>Drivers and Concurrency</title> - <p>The run-time system will always take a lock before running + <p>The runtime system always takes a lock before running any code in a driver.</p> - <p>By default, that lock will be at the driver level, meaning that + <p>By default, that lock is at the driver level, that is, if several ports have been opened to the same driver, only code for one port at the same time can be running.</p> - <p>A driver can be configured to instead have one lock for each port.</p> + <p>A driver can be configured to have one lock for each port instead.</p> - <p>If a driver is used in a functional way (i.e. it holds no state, + <p>If a driver is used in a functional way (that is, holds no state, but only does some heavy calculation and returns a result), several - ports with registered names can be opened beforehand and the port to - be used can be chosen based on the scheduler ID like this:</p> + ports with registered names can be opened beforehand, and the port to + be used can be chosen based on the scheduler ID as follows:</p> <code type="none"> -define(PORT_NAMES(), @@ -67,82 +67,82 @@ client_port() -> </section> <section> - <title>Avoiding copying of binaries when calling a driver</title> + <title>Avoiding Copying Binaries When Calling a Driver</title> <p>There are basically two ways to avoid copying a binary that is - sent to a driver.</p> - - <p>If the <c>Data</c> argument for - <seealso marker="erts:erlang#port_control/3">port_control/3</seealso> - is a binary, the driver will be passed a pointer to the contents of - the binary and the binary will not be copied. - If the <c>Data</c> argument is an iolist (list of binaries and lists), - all binaries in the iolist will be copied.</p> - - <p>Therefore, if you want to send both a pre-existing binary and some - additional data to a driver without copying the binary, you must call - <c>port_control/3</c> twice; once with the binary and once with the - additional data. However, that will only work if there is only one - process communicating with the port (because otherwise another process - could call the driver in-between the calls).</p> - - <p>Another way to avoid copying binaries is to implement an <c>outputv</c> - callback (instead of an <c>output</c> callback) in the driver. - If a driver has an <c>outputv</c> callback, refc binaries passed - in an iolist in the <c>Data</c> argument for - <seealso marker="erts:erlang#port_command/2">port_command/2</seealso> - will be passed as references to the driver.</p> + sent to a driver:</p> + + <list type="bulleted"> + <item><p>If the <c>Data</c> argument for + <seealso marker="erts:erlang#port_control/3">port_control/3</seealso> + is a binary, the driver will be passed a pointer to the contents of + the binary and the binary will not be copied. If the <c>Data</c> + argument is an iolist (list of binaries and lists), all binaries in + the iolist will be copied.</p> + + <p>Therefore, if you want to send both a pre-existing binary and some + extra data to a driver without copying the binary, you must call + <c>port_control/3</c> twice; once with the binary and once with the + extra data. However, that will only work if there is only one + process communicating with the port (because otherwise another process + can call the driver in-between the calls).</p></item> + + <item><p>Implement an <c>outputv</c> callback (instead of an + <c>output</c> callback) in the driver. If a driver has an + <c>outputv</c> callback, refc binaries passed in an iolist + in the <c>Data</c> argument for + <seealso marker="erts:erlang#port_command/2">port_command/2</seealso> + will be passed as references to the driver.</p></item> + </list> </section> <section> - <title>Returning small binaries from a driver</title> + <title>Returning Small Binaries from a Driver</title> - <p>The run-time system can represent binaries up to 64 bytes as - heap binaries. They will always be copied when sent in a messages, - but they will require less memory if they are not sent to another + <p>The runtime system can represent binaries up to 64 bytes as + heap binaries. They are always copied when sent in messages, + but they require less memory if they are not sent to another process and garbage collection is cheaper.</p> - <p>If you know that the binaries you return are always small, - you should use driver API calls that do not require a pre-allocated - binary, for instance + <p>If you know that the binaries you return are always small, you + are advised to use driver API calls that do not require a pre-allocated + binary, for example, <seealso marker="erts:erl_driver#driver_output">driver_output()</seealso> - or - <seealso marker="erts:erl_driver#erl_drv_output_term">erl_drv_output_term()</seealso> + or + <seealso marker="erts:erl_driver#erl_drv_output_term">erl_drv_output_term()</seealso>, using the <c>ERL_DRV_BUF2BINARY</c> format, - to allow the run-time to construct a heap binary.</p> + to allow the runtime to construct a heap binary.</p> </section> <section> - <title>Returning big binaries without copying from a driver</title> + <title>Returning Large Binaries without Copying from a Driver</title> - <p>To avoid copying data when a big binary is sent or returned from + <p>To avoid copying data when a large binary is sent or returned from the driver to an Erlang process, the driver must first allocate the binary and then send it to an Erlang process in some way.</p> - <p>Use <seealso marker="erts:erl_driver#driver_alloc_binary">driver_alloc_binary()</seealso> to allocate a binary.</p> + <p>Use + <seealso marker="erts:erl_driver#driver_alloc_binary">driver_alloc_binary()</seealso> + to allocate a binary.</p> <p>There are several ways to send a binary created with - <c>driver_alloc_binary()</c>.</p> + <c>driver_alloc_binary()</c>:</p> <list type="bulleted"> - <item><p>From the <c>control</c> callback, a binary can be returned provided - that - <seealso marker="erts:erl_driver#set_port_control_flags">set_port_control_flags()</seealso> - has been called with the flag value <c>PORT_CONTROL_FLAG_BINARY</c>.</p> - </item> + <item>From the <c>control</c> callback, a binary can be returned if + <seealso marker="erts:erl_driver#set_port_control_flags">set_port_control_flags()</seealso> + has been called with the flag value <c>PORT_CONTROL_FLAG_BINARY</c>.</item> - <item><p>A single binary can be sent with - <seealso marker="erts:erl_driver#driver_output_binary">driver_output_binary()</seealso>.</p></item> + <item>A single binary can be sent with + <seealso marker="erts:erl_driver#driver_output_binary">driver_output_binary()</seealso>.</item> - <item><p>Using + <item>Using <seealso marker="erts:erl_driver#erl_drv_output_term">erl_drv_output_term()</seealso> or <seealso marker="erts:erl_driver#erl_drv_send_term">erl_drv_send_term()</seealso>, - a binary can be included in an Erlang term.</p> - </item> + a binary can be included in an Erlang term.</item> </list> </section> - </chapter> |