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-rw-r--r--system/doc/system_principles/create_target.xmlsrc248
-rw-r--r--system/doc/system_principles/part.xml4
-rw-r--r--system/doc/system_principles/upgrade.xml118
-rw-r--r--system/doc/system_principles/xmlfiles.mk3
4 files changed, 345 insertions, 28 deletions
diff --git a/system/doc/system_principles/create_target.xmlsrc b/system/doc/system_principles/create_target.xmlsrc
index fbc935d708..b5f8d8ac4d 100644
--- a/system/doc/system_principles/create_target.xmlsrc
+++ b/system/doc/system_principles/create_target.xmlsrc
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
<chapter>
<header>
<copyright>
- <year>2002</year><year>2013</year>
+ <year>2002</year><year>2014</year>
<holder>Ericsson AB. All Rights Reserved.</holder>
</copyright>
<legalnotice>
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@
</legalnotice>
- <title>Creating a First Target System</title>
+ <title>Creating and Upgrading a Target System</title>
<prepared>Peter H&ouml;gfeldt</prepared>
<responsible></responsible>
<docno></docno>
@@ -71,23 +71,24 @@
</section>
<section>
+ <marker id="create"/>
<title>Creating a Target System</title>
<p>It is assumed that you have a working Erlang/OTP system structured
according to the OTP Design Principles.</p>
- <p><em>Step 1.</em> First create a <c>.rel</c> file (see
- <c>rel(4)</c>) that specifies the <c>erts</c> version
- and lists all applications that should be included in the new
- basic target system. An example is the following
+ <p><em>Step 1.</em> First create a <c>.rel</c> file (see <seealso
+ marker="sasl:rel">rel(4)</seealso>) that specifies the <c>erts</c>
+ version and lists all applications that should be included in the
+ new basic target system. An example is the following
<c>mysystem.rel</c> file:</p>
<code type="none">
%% mysystem.rel
{release,
{"MYSYSTEM", "FIRST"},
- {erts, "5.1"},
- [{kernel, "2.7"},
- {stdlib, "1.10"},
- {sasl, "1.9.3"},
- {pea, "1.0"}]}. </code>
+ {erts, "5.10.4"},
+ [{kernel, "2.16.4"},
+ {stdlib, "1.19.4"},
+ {sasl, "2.3.4"},
+ {pea, "1.0"}]}.</code>
<p>The listed applications are not only original Erlang/OTP
applications but possibly also new applications that you have
written yourself (here examplified by the application
@@ -116,13 +117,13 @@ os> <input>erl -pa /home/user/target_system/myapps/pea-1.0/ebin</input></pre>
<c>systools:make_tar/2</c>. That file has the following
contents:</p>
<code type="none">
-erts-5.1/bin/
+erts-5.10.4/bin/
releases/FIRST/start.boot
releases/FIRST/mysystem.rel
releases/mysystem.rel
-lib/kernel-2.7/
-lib/stdlib-1.10/
-lib/sasl-1.9.3/
+lib/kernel-2.16.4/
+lib/stdlib-1.19.4/
+lib/sasl-2.3.4/
lib/pea-1.0/ </code>
<p>The file <c>releases/FIRST/start.boot</c> is a copy of our
<c>mysystem.boot</c></p>
@@ -142,16 +143,19 @@ lib/pea-1.0/ </code>
<item>Creates the temporary directory <c>tmp</c> and extracts the tar file
<c>mysystem.tar.gz</c> into that directory. </item>
<item>Deletes the <c>erl</c> and <c>start</c> files from
- <c>tmp/erts-5.1/bin</c>. These files will be created again from
+ <c>tmp/erts-5.10.4/bin</c>. These files will be created again from
source when installing the release.</item>
<item>Creates the directory <c>tmp/bin</c>.</item>
<item>Copies the previously created file <c>plain.boot</c> to
<c>tmp/bin/start.boot</c>.</item>
<item>Copies the files <c>epmd</c>, <c>run_erl</c>, and
- <c>to_erl</c> from the directory <c>tmp/erts-5.1/bin</c> to
+ <c>to_erl</c> from the directory <c>tmp/erts-5.10.4/bin</c> to
the directory <c>tmp/bin</c>.</item>
+ <item>Creates the directory <c>tmp/log</c>, which will be used
+ if the system is started as embedded with the <c>bin/start</c>
+ script.</item>
<item>Creates the file <c>tmp/releases/start_erl.data</c> with
- the contents "5.1 FIRST". This file is to be passed as data
+ the contents "5.10.4 FIRST". This file is to be passed as data
file to the <c>start_erl</c> script.
</item>
<item>Recreates the file <c>mysystem.tar.gz</c> from the directories
@@ -171,11 +175,11 @@ lib/pea-1.0/ </code>
<item>Extracts the tar file <c>mysystem.tar.gz</c> into the target
directory <c>/usr/local/erl-target</c>.</item>
<item>In the target directory reads the file <c>releases/start_erl.data</c>
- in order to find the Erlang runtime system version ("5.1").</item>
+ in order to find the Erlang runtime system version ("5.10.4").</item>
<item>Substitutes <c>%FINAL_ROOTDIR%</c> and <c>%EMU%</c> for
<c>/usr/local/erl-target</c> and <c>beam</c>, respectively, in
the files <c>erl.src</c>, <c>start.src</c>, and
- <c>start_erl.src</c> of the target <c>erts-5.1/bin</c>
+ <c>start_erl.src</c> of the target <c>erts-5.10.4/bin</c>
directory, and puts the resulting files <c>erl</c>,
<c>start</c>, and <c>run_erl</c> in the target <c>bin</c>
directory.</item>
@@ -185,6 +189,7 @@ lib/pea-1.0/ </code>
</section>
<section>
+ <marker id="start"/>
<title>Starting a Target System</title>
<p>Now we have a target system that can be started in various ways.</p>
<p>We start it as a <em>basic target system</em> by invoking</p>
@@ -193,7 +198,7 @@ os> <input>/usr/local/erl-target/bin/erl</input></pre>
<p>where only the <c>kernel</c> and <c>stdlib</c> applications are
started, i.e. the system is started as an ordinary development
system. There are only two files needed for all this to work:
- <c>bin/erl</c> file (obtained from <c>erts-5.1/bin/erl.src</c>)
+ <c>bin/erl</c> file (obtained from <c>erts-5.10.4/bin/erl.src</c>)
and the <c>bin/start.boot</c> file (a copy of <c>plain.boot</c>).</p>
<p>We can also start a distributed system (requires <c>bin/epmd</c>).</p>
<p>To start all applications specified in the original
@@ -208,9 +213,10 @@ os> <input>/usr/local/erl-target/bin/erl -boot /usr/local/erl-target/releases/FI
<c>bin/run_erl</c>, which in turn calls <c>bin/start_erl</c>
(roughly, <c>start_erl</c> is an embedded variant of
<c>erl</c>). </p>
- <p>The shell script <c>start</c> is only an example. You should
- edit it to suite your needs. Typically it is executed when the
- UNIX system boots.</p>
+ <p>The shell script <c>start</c>, which is generated from
+ erts-5.10.4/bin/start.src during installation, is only an
+ example. You should edit it to suite your needs. Typically it is
+ executed when the UNIX system boots.</p>
<p><c>run_erl</c> is a wrapper that provides logging of output from
the run-time system to file. It also provides a simple mechanism
for attaching to the Erlang shell (<c>to_erl</c>).</p>
@@ -218,7 +224,7 @@ os> <input>/usr/local/erl-target/bin/erl -boot /usr/local/erl-target/releases/FI
(<c>"/usr/local/erl-target"</c>), the releases directory
(<c>"/usr/local/erl-target/releases"</c>), and the location of
the <c>start_erl.data</c> file. It reads the run-time system
- version (<c>"5.1"</c>) and release version (<c>"FIRST"</c>) from
+ version (<c>"5.10.4"</c>) and release version (<c>"FIRST"</c>) from
the <c>start_erl.data</c> file, starts the run-time system of the
version found, and provides <c>-boot</c> flag specifying the boot
file of the release version found
@@ -258,6 +264,198 @@ os> <input>/usr/local/erl-target/bin/erl -boot /usr/local/erl-target/releases/FI
</section>
<section>
+ <title>Creating the Next Version</title>
+
+ <p>
+ In this example the <c>pea</c> application has been changed, and
+ so are <c>erts</c>, <c>kernel</c>, <c>stdlib</c> and
+ <c>sasl</c>.
+ </p>
+
+ <p>
+ <em>Step 1.</em> Create the <c>.rel</c> file:
+ </p>
+ <code type="none">
+%% mysystem2.rel
+{release,
+ {"MYSYSTEM", "SECOND"},
+ {erts, "6.0"},
+ [{kernel, "3.0"},
+ {stdlib, "2.0"},
+ {sasl, "2.4"},
+ {pea, "2.0"}]}.</code>
+ <p>
+ <em>Step 2.</em> Create the application upgrade file (see
+ <seealso marker="sasl:appup">appup(4)</seealso>) for <c>pea</c>,
+ for example:
+ </p>
+ <code type="none">
+%% pea.appup
+{"2.0",
+ [{"1.0",[{load_module,pea_lib}]}],
+ [{"1.0",[{load_module,pea_lib}]}]}.</code>
+ <p>
+ <em>Step 3.</em> From the directory where the
+ <c>mysystem2.rel</c> file reside, start the Erlang/OTP system:
+ </p>
+ <pre>
+os> <input>erl -pa /home/user/target_system/myapps/pea-2.0/ebin</input></pre>
+ <p>giving the path to the new version of <c>pea</c>. </p>
+
+ <p>
+ <em>Step 4.</em> Create the release upgrade file (see <seealso
+ marker="sasl:relup">relup(4)</seealso>):
+ </p>
+ <pre>
+1> <input>systools:make_relup("mysystem2",["mysystem"],["mysystem"],[{path,["/home/user/target_system/myapps/pea-1.0/ebin","/my/old/erlang/lib/*/ebin"]}]).</input></pre>
+ <p>
+ where <c>"mysystem"</c> is the base release and
+ <c>"mysystem2"</c> is the release to upgrade to.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ Note that the <c>path</c> option is used for pointing out the
+ old version of all applications. (The new versions are already
+ in the code path - assuming of course that the erlang node on
+ which this is executed is running the correct version of
+ Erlang/OTP.)
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ <em>Step 5.</em> Create the new release:
+ </p>
+ <pre>
+2> <input>target_system:create("mysystem2").</input></pre>
+ <p>
+ Given that the <c>relup</c> file generated in step 4 above is
+ now located in the current directory, it will automatically be
+ included in the release package.
+ </p>
+ </section>
+
+ <section>
+ <title>Upgrading the Target System</title>
+ <p>
+ This part is done on the target node, and for this example we
+ want the node to be running as an embedded system with the
+ <c>-heart</c> option, allowing automatic restart of the
+ node. See <seealso marker="#start">Starting a Target
+ System</seealso> above for more information.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ We add <c>-heart</c> to <c>bin/start</c>:
+ </p>
+ <code type="none">
+#!/bin/sh
+ROOTDIR=/usr/local/erl-target/
+
+if [ -z "$RELDIR" ]
+then
+ RELDIR=$ROOTDIR/releases
+fi
+
+START_ERL_DATA=${1:-$RELDIR/start_erl.data}
+
+$ROOTDIR/bin/run_erl -daemon /tmp/ $ROOTDIR/log "exec $ROOTDIR/bin/start_erl $ROOTDIR $RELDIR $START_ERL_DATA -heart</code>
+ <p>
+ And we use the simplest possible <c>sys.config</c>, which we
+ store in <c>releases/FIRST</c>:
+ </p>
+ <code type="none">
+%% sys.config
+[].</code>
+ <p>
+ Finally, in order to prepare the upgrade, we need to put the new
+ release package in the <c>releases</c> directory of the first
+ target system:
+ </p>
+ <pre>
+os> <input>cp mysystem2.tar.gz /usr/local/erl-target/releases</input></pre>
+ <p>
+ And assuming that the node has been started like this:
+ </p>
+ <pre>
+os> <input>/usr/local/erl-target/bin/start</input></pre>
+ <p>
+ it can be accessed like this:
+ </p>
+ <pre>
+os> <input>/usr/local/erl-target/bin/to_erl /tmp/erlang.pipe.1</input></pre>
+ <p>
+ Also note that logs can be found in
+ <c>/usr/local/erl-target/log</c>. This directory is specified as
+ an argument to <c>run_erl</c>in the start script listed above.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ <em>Step 1.</em> Unpack the release:
+ </p>
+ <pre>
+1> <input>{ok,Vsn} = release_handler:unpack_release("mysystem2").</input></pre>
+ <p>
+ <em>Step 2.</em> Install the release:
+ </p>
+ <pre>
+2> <input>release_handler:install_release(Vsn).</input>
+<output>{continue_after_restart,"FIRST",[]}
+heart: Tue Apr 1 12:15:10 2014: Erlang has closed.
+heart: Tue Apr 1 12:15:11 2014: Executed "/usr/local/erl-target/bin/start /usr/local/erl-target/releases/new_start_erl.data" -> 0. Terminating.
+[End]</output></pre>
+ <p>
+ The above return value and output after the call to
+ <c>release_handler:install_release/1</c> means that the
+ <c>release_handler</c> has restarted the node by using
+ <c>heart</c>. This will always be done when the upgrade involves
+ a change of <c>erts</c>, <c>kernel</c>, <c>stdlib</c> or
+ <c>sasl</c>. See <seealso marker="upgrade">Upgrade when
+ Erlang/OTP has Changed</seealso> for more infomation about this.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ The node will be accessable via a new pipe:
+ </p>
+ <pre>
+os> <input>/usr/local/erl-target/bin/to_erl /tmp/erlang.pipe.2</input></pre>
+ <p>
+ Let's see which releases we have in our system:
+ </p>
+ <pre>
+1> <input>release_handler:which_releases().</input>
+<output>[{"MYSYSTEM","SECOND",
+ ["kernel-3.0","stdlib-2.0","sasl-2.4","pea-2.0"],
+ current},
+ {"MYSYSTEM","FIRST",
+ ["kernel-2.16.4","stdlib-1.19.4","sasl-2.3.4","pea-1.0"],
+ permanent}]</output></pre>
+ <p>
+ Our new release, "SECOND", is now the current release, but we
+ can also see that our "FIRST" release is still permanent. This
+ means that if the node would be restarted at this point, it
+ would come up running the "FIRST" release again.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ <em>Step 3.</em> Make the new release permanent:
+ </p>
+ <pre>
+2> <input>release_handler:make_permanent("SECOND").</input></pre>
+
+ <p>
+ Now look at the releases again:
+ </p>
+
+ <pre>
+3> <input>release_handler:which_releases().</input>
+<output>[{"MYSYSTEM","SECOND",
+ ["kernel-3.0","stdlib-2.0","sasl-2.4","pea-2.0"],
+ permanent},
+ {"MYSYSTEM","FIRST",
+ ["kernel-2.16.4","stdlib-1.19.4","sasl-2.3.4","pea-1.0"],
+ old}]</output></pre>
+
+ <p>
+ Here we see that the new release version is <c>permanent</c>, so
+ it would be safe to restart the node.
+ </p>
+
+ </section>
+
+ <section>
<title>Listing of target_system.erl</title>
<p>This module can also be found in the <c>examples</c> directory
of the <c>sasl</c> application.</p>
diff --git a/system/doc/system_principles/part.xml b/system/doc/system_principles/part.xml
index 811428baae..d05c89fde8 100644
--- a/system/doc/system_principles/part.xml
+++ b/system/doc/system_principles/part.xml
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
<part xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
<header>
<copyright>
- <year>1997</year><year>2013</year>
+ <year>1997</year><year>2014</year>
<holder>Ericsson AB. All Rights Reserved.</holder>
</copyright>
<legalnotice>
@@ -31,6 +31,6 @@
<xi:include href="system_principles.xml"/>
<xi:include href="error_logging.xml"/>
<xi:include href="create_target.xml"/>
+ <xi:include href="upgrade.xml"/>
<xi:include href="versions.xml"/>
</part>
-
diff --git a/system/doc/system_principles/upgrade.xml b/system/doc/system_principles/upgrade.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..68e48da0b8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/system/doc/system_principles/upgrade.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,118 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
+<!DOCTYPE chapter SYSTEM "chapter.dtd">
+
+<chapter>
+ <header>
+ <copyright>
+ <year>2014</year>
+ <holder>Ericsson AB. All Rights Reserved.</holder>
+ </copyright>
+ <legalnotice>
+ The contents of this file are subject to the Erlang Public License,
+ Version 1.1, (the "License"); you may not use this file except in
+ compliance with the License. You should have received a copy of the
+ Erlang Public License along with this software. If not, it can be
+ retrieved online at http://www.erlang.org/.
+
+ Software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS"
+ basis, WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See
+ the License for the specific language governing rights and limitations
+ under the License.
+
+ </legalnotice>
+
+ <title>Upgrade when Erlang/OTP has Changed</title>
+ <prepared></prepared>
+ <responsible></responsible>
+ <docno></docno>
+ <approved></approved>
+ <checked></checked>
+ <date>2014-02-19</date>
+ <rev></rev>
+ <file>upgrade.xml</file>
+ </header>
+
+ <section>
+ <title>Introduction</title>
+ <p>
+ As of Erlang/OTP 17, most applications deliver a valid
+ application upgrade (<c>appup</c>) file. In earlier releases, a
+ majority of the applications in Erlang/OTP did not support
+ upgrade at all. Many of the applications use the
+ <c>restart_application</c> instruction. These are applications
+ for which it is not crucial to support real soft upgrade, for
+ instance tools and library applications. The
+ <c>restart_application</c> instruction
+ ensures that all modules in the application are reloaded and
+ thereby running the new code.
+ </p>
+ </section>
+
+ <section>
+ <title>Upgrade of core applications</title>
+ <p>
+ The core applications ERTS, Kernel, STDLIB
+ and SASL never allow real soft upgrade, but require the
+ Erlang emulator to be restarted. This is indicated to the
+ <c>release_handler</c> by the upgrade instruction
+ <c>restart_new_emulator</c>. This instruction will always be the
+ very first instruction executed, and it will restart the
+ emulator with the new versions of the above mentioned core
+ applications and the old versions of all other
+ applications. When the node is back up all other upgrade instructions are
+ executed, making sure each application is finally running its
+ new version.
+ </p>
+
+ <p>
+ It might seem strange to do a two-step upgrade instead of
+ just restarting the emulator with the new version of all
+ applications. The reason for this design decision is to allow
+ <c>code_change</c> functions to have side effects, for example changing
+ data on disk. It also makes sure that the upgrade mechanism for
+ non-core applications does not differ depending on whether or not
+ core applications are changed at the same time.
+ </p>
+
+ <p>
+ If, however, the more brutal variant is preferred, it is
+ possible to handwrite the release upgrade file using only the
+ single upgrade instruction <c>restart_emulator</c>. This
+ instruction, in contrast to <c>restart_new_emulator</c>, will
+ cause the emulator to restart with the new versions of
+ <em>all</em> applications.
+ </p>
+
+ <p>
+ <em>Note</em> that if other instructions are included before
+ <c>restart_emulator</c> in the handwritten <c>relup</c> file,
+ they will be executed in the old emulator. This is a big risk
+ since there is no guarantee that new beam code can be loaded
+ into the old emulator. Adding instructions after
+ <c>restart_emulator</c> has no effect as the
+ <c>release_handler</c> will not do any attempt at executing
+ them.
+ </p>
+
+ <p>
+ See <seealso marker="sasl:relup">relup(4)</seealso> for
+ information about the release upgrade file, and <seealso
+ marker="sasl:appup">appup(4)</seealso> for further information
+ about upgrade instructions.
+ </p>
+ </section>
+
+ <section>
+ <title>Applications that still do not allow code upgrade</title>
+ <p>
+ A few applications, for instance HiPE do not support
+ upgrade at all. This is indicated by an application upgrade file
+ containing only <c>{Vsn,[],[]}</c>. Any attempt at creating a release
+ upgrade file with such input will fail.
+ The only way to force an upgrade involving applications like this is to
+ handwrite the <c>relup</c> file, preferably as described above
+ with only the <c>restart_emulator</c> instruction.
+ </p>
+
+ </section>
+</chapter>
diff --git a/system/doc/system_principles/xmlfiles.mk b/system/doc/system_principles/xmlfiles.mk
index 9743949798..c60ffbad28 100644
--- a/system/doc/system_principles/xmlfiles.mk
+++ b/system/doc/system_principles/xmlfiles.mk
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
#
# %CopyrightBegin%
#
-# Copyright Ericsson AB 2009. All Rights Reserved.
+# Copyright Ericsson AB 2009-2014. All Rights Reserved.
#
# The contents of this file are subject to the Erlang Public License,
# Version 1.1, (the "License"); you may not use this file except in
@@ -20,4 +20,5 @@ SYSTEM_PRINCIPLES_CHAPTER_FILES = \
system_principles.xml \
error_logging.xml \
create_target.xml \
+ upgrade.xml \
versions.xml