diff options
Diffstat (limited to 'system/doc')
105 files changed, 1502 insertions, 573 deletions
diff --git a/system/doc/definitions/cite.defs.xml b/system/doc/definitions/cite.defs.xml index e54251fa24..8fb91e2b44 100644 --- a/system/doc/definitions/cite.defs.xml +++ b/system/doc/definitions/cite.defs.xml @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -<?xml version="1.0" encoding="latin1" ?> +<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?> <!DOCTYPE cites SYSTEM "cites.dtd"> <cites> diff --git a/system/doc/definitions/term.defs b/system/doc/definitions/term.defs index f3d6f865d2..6091a46a20 100644 --- a/system/doc/definitions/term.defs +++ b/system/doc/definitions/term.defs @@ -1,8 +1,6 @@ [{"agent","agent","An entity that terminates a management protocol in the Network Element.","mbj"}, {"API","API","Application Programming Interface. The interface towards an application. Usually this is a set of functions available, but can also be a set of messages sent to or from an application.","mbj"}, {"application","application","A collection of resources which is required to offer a specific service.","mbj"}, -{"appmon","Application Monitor","A graphical node and application process tree viewer. See also appmon.","mbj"}, -{"Appmon","Appmon","Application name for the Application Monitor within Erlang/OTP. A graphical node and process viewer.","mbj"}, {"app callback","application callback module","A module which is called when the application is started, and when it has stopped. Every application has one application callback module.","mbj"}, {"AC","application controller","A process which coordinates all operations on applications.","mbj"}, {"app master","application master","The application master is a process that monitors the application. It is provided by the Erlang run-time system. Every application has an application master process.","mbj"}, @@ -137,7 +135,6 @@ the module Erlang in the application kernel","kenneth"}, {"pattern matching","pattern matching","A basic mechanism in Erlang for assigning values to variables and for controlling the flow of a program.","kenneth"}, {"permanent child","permanent child","A supervised process which always is restarted when it dies.","mbj"}, {"Pid","Pid","Process Identifier. A data type in Erlang for storing process references. The process identity of the process displayed in the line.","kenneth"}, -{"Pman","Pman","Module and application name for the Process Trace Tool.","olin"}, {"point","point","A unit used to indicate the size of a typeface. Equal to 1/72 inches.","jocke"}, {"pointer","pointer","A pointer tells where data is stored. Memory pointers are not used in Erlang.","kent"}, {"port","port","A data type in Erlang. Ports provide the basic mechanism for communication with the external world.","peterl"}, @@ -196,10 +193,8 @@ the module Erlang in the application kernel","kenneth"}, {"sup_bridge","supervisor bridge"," A behaviour used to connect a process, or subsystem, to a supervisor tree.","mbj"}, {"SASLlong","System Architecture Support Libraries (SASL)","An Erlang/OTP application which contains services for error logging, release handling and report browsing.","mbj"}, {".config","system configuration file","A file which specifies configuration parameters for the applications in the system.","mbj"}, {"table lock","table lock","Table locks are locks which are set on whole tables. They may either be read locks or write locks.","hakan"}, -{"Table Visualizer","Table Visualizer","A tool which enables the user to examine ETS and Mnesia tables.","olin"}, {"temporary child","temporary child","A supervised process which is never restarted when it dies.","mbj"}, {"term","term","The super type of all Erlang types.","kenneth"}, -{"Toolbar","Toolbar","A tool that provides an simplistic interface to the other various Erlang/OTP tools","olin"}, {"tools","tools","An application within Erlang/OTP which contains the tools which are not applications themselves.","olin"}, {"transaction","transaction","Transactions groups a set of database accesses into an atomic unit. All transactions has the ACID (atomicity, concistency, isolation and durability) properties.","hakan"}, {"transient child","transient child","A supervised process which is restarted if it dies non-normally.","mbj"}, diff --git a/system/doc/definitions/term.defs.xml b/system/doc/definitions/term.defs.xml index 28ac0d6eaf..fdcda4eddb 100644 --- a/system/doc/definitions/term.defs.xml +++ b/system/doc/definitions/term.defs.xml @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -<?xml version="1.0" encoding="latin1" ?> +<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?> <!DOCTYPE terms SYSTEM "terms.dtd"> <terms> diff --git a/system/doc/design_principles/applications.xml b/system/doc/design_principles/applications.xml index 121c0179c6..7b030115df 100644 --- a/system/doc/design_principles/applications.xml +++ b/system/doc/design_principles/applications.xml @@ -1,10 +1,10 @@ -<?xml version="1.0" encoding="latin1" ?> +<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?> <!DOCTYPE chapter SYSTEM "chapter.dtd"> <chapter> <header> <copyright> - <year>1997</year><year>2009</year> + <year>1997</year><year>2014</year> <holder>Ericsson AB. All Rights Reserved.</holder> </copyright> <legalnotice> @@ -157,8 +157,9 @@ ch_app:stop([])</code> all applications have dependencies to at least <c>kernel</c> and <c>stdlib</c>.</item> </taglist> - <p>The syntax and contents of of the application resource file - are described in detail in <c>app(4)</c>.</p> + <note><p>The syntax and contents of of the application resource file + are described in detail in the<seealso marker="kernel:app"> + Application resource file reference</seealso>.</p></note> </section> <section> diff --git a/system/doc/design_principles/appup_cookbook.xml b/system/doc/design_principles/appup_cookbook.xml index 798b23d847..70c34a5a06 100644 --- a/system/doc/design_principles/appup_cookbook.xml +++ b/system/doc/design_principles/appup_cookbook.xml @@ -1,10 +1,10 @@ -<?xml version="1.0" encoding="latin1" ?> +<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?> <!DOCTYPE chapter SYSTEM "chapter.dtd"> <chapter> <header> <copyright> - <year>2003</year><year>2011</year> + <year>2003</year><year>2013</year> <holder>Ericsson AB. All Rights Reserved.</holder> </copyright> <legalnotice> diff --git a/system/doc/design_principles/book.xml b/system/doc/design_principles/book.xml index 615722ac12..b583df0bf0 100644 --- a/system/doc/design_principles/book.xml +++ b/system/doc/design_principles/book.xml @@ -1,10 +1,10 @@ -<?xml version="1.0" encoding="latin1" ?> +<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?> <!DOCTYPE book SYSTEM "book.dtd"> <book xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"> <header titlestyle="normal"> <copyright> - <year>1997</year><year>2009</year> + <year>1997</year><year>2013</year> <holder>Ericsson AB. All Rights Reserved.</holder> </copyright> <legalnotice> diff --git a/system/doc/design_principles/des_princ.xml b/system/doc/design_principles/des_princ.xml index 977eda49b5..e8f289b905 100644 --- a/system/doc/design_principles/des_princ.xml +++ b/system/doc/design_principles/des_princ.xml @@ -1,10 +1,10 @@ -<?xml version="1.0" encoding="latin1" ?> +<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?> <!DOCTYPE chapter SYSTEM "chapter.dtd"> <chapter> <header> <copyright> - <year>1997</year><year>2009</year> + <year>1997</year><year>2013</year> <holder>Ericsson AB. All Rights Reserved.</holder> </copyright> <legalnotice> diff --git a/system/doc/design_principles/distributed_applications.xml b/system/doc/design_principles/distributed_applications.xml index 39a24b3598..2886f06b53 100644 --- a/system/doc/design_principles/distributed_applications.xml +++ b/system/doc/design_principles/distributed_applications.xml @@ -1,10 +1,10 @@ -<?xml version="1.0" encoding="latin1" ?> +<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?> <!DOCTYPE chapter SYSTEM "chapter.dtd"> <chapter> <header> <copyright> - <year>2003</year><year>2009</year> + <year>2003</year><year>2013</year> <holder>Ericsson AB. All Rights Reserved.</holder> </copyright> <legalnotice> diff --git a/system/doc/design_principles/events.xml b/system/doc/design_principles/events.xml index 23a9b8c7bc..529e12c216 100644 --- a/system/doc/design_principles/events.xml +++ b/system/doc/design_principles/events.xml @@ -1,10 +1,10 @@ -<?xml version="1.0" encoding="latin1" ?> +<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?> <!DOCTYPE chapter SYSTEM "chapter.dtd"> <chapter> <header> <copyright> - <year>1997</year><year>2011</year> + <year>1997</year><year>2013</year> <holder>Ericsson AB. All Rights Reserved.</holder> </copyright> <legalnotice> diff --git a/system/doc/design_principles/fsm.xml b/system/doc/design_principles/fsm.xml index f07950fae7..9dce159dca 100644 --- a/system/doc/design_principles/fsm.xml +++ b/system/doc/design_principles/fsm.xml @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -<?xml version="1.0" encoding="latin1" ?> +<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?> <!DOCTYPE chapter SYSTEM "chapter.dtd"> <chapter> diff --git a/system/doc/design_principles/gen_server_concepts.xml b/system/doc/design_principles/gen_server_concepts.xml index a904390999..d24d87aa03 100644 --- a/system/doc/design_principles/gen_server_concepts.xml +++ b/system/doc/design_principles/gen_server_concepts.xml @@ -1,10 +1,10 @@ -<?xml version="1.0" encoding="latin1" ?> +<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?> <!DOCTYPE chapter SYSTEM "chapter.dtd"> <chapter> <header> <copyright> - <year>1997</year><year>2011</year> + <year>1997</year><year>2013</year> <holder>Ericsson AB. All Rights Reserved.</holder> </copyright> <legalnotice> diff --git a/system/doc/design_principles/included_applications.xml b/system/doc/design_principles/included_applications.xml index 3adb27ea08..3aa43fd595 100644 --- a/system/doc/design_principles/included_applications.xml +++ b/system/doc/design_principles/included_applications.xml @@ -1,10 +1,10 @@ -<?xml version="1.0" encoding="latin1" ?> +<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?> <!DOCTYPE chapter SYSTEM "chapter.dtd"> <chapter> <header> <copyright> - <year>2003</year><year>2009</year> + <year>2003</year><year>2013</year> <holder>Ericsson AB. All Rights Reserved.</holder> </copyright> <legalnotice> diff --git a/system/doc/design_principles/part.xml b/system/doc/design_principles/part.xml index d40b7cb23e..a560147648 100644 --- a/system/doc/design_principles/part.xml +++ b/system/doc/design_principles/part.xml @@ -1,10 +1,10 @@ -<?xml version="1.0" encoding="latin1" ?> +<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?> <!DOCTYPE part SYSTEM "part.dtd"> <part xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"> <header> <copyright> - <year>1997</year><year>2009</year> + <year>1997</year><year>2013</year> <holder>Ericsson AB. All Rights Reserved.</holder> </copyright> <legalnotice> diff --git a/system/doc/design_principles/release_handling.xml b/system/doc/design_principles/release_handling.xml index 4378b6599c..ba8a88d1c2 100644 --- a/system/doc/design_principles/release_handling.xml +++ b/system/doc/design_principles/release_handling.xml @@ -1,10 +1,10 @@ -<?xml version="1.0" encoding="latin1" ?> +<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?> <!DOCTYPE chapter SYSTEM "chapter.dtd"> <chapter> <header> <copyright> - <year>2003</year><year>2011</year> + <year>2003</year><year>2014</year> <holder>Ericsson AB. All Rights Reserved.</holder> </copyright> <legalnotice> @@ -329,13 +329,26 @@ automatically ensured.</p> <p>When the release handler encounters the instruction, it first generates a temporary boot file, which starts the new versions - of the emulator and the core applications. Then it shuts down + of the emulator and the core applications, and the old version + of all other applications. Then it shuts down the current emulator by calling <c>init:reboot()</c>, see <c>init(3)</c>. All processes are terminated gracefully and the system is rebooted by the heart program, using the temporary boot file. After the reboot, the rest of the relup instructions are executed. This is done as a part of the temporary boot script.</p> + <warning> + <p>Since this mechanism causes the new versions of the + emulator and core applications to run with the old version of + other applications during startup, extra care must be taken to + avoid incompatibility. Incompatible changes in the core + applications may in some situations be necessary. If possible, + such changes are preceded by deprecation over two major + releases before the actual change. To make sure your + application is not crashed by an incompatible change, always + remove any call to deprecated functions as soon as + possible.</p> + </warning> <p>An info report is written when the upgrade is completed. To programatically find out if the upgrade is complete, call <c>release_handler:which_releases(current)</c> and check diff --git a/system/doc/design_principles/release_structure.xml b/system/doc/design_principles/release_structure.xml index 8aea0e1a10..cec33f42e3 100644 --- a/system/doc/design_principles/release_structure.xml +++ b/system/doc/design_principles/release_structure.xml @@ -1,10 +1,10 @@ -<?xml version="1.0" encoding="latin1" ?> +<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?> <!DOCTYPE chapter SYSTEM "chapter.dtd"> <chapter> <header> <copyright> - <year>2003</year><year>2011</year> + <year>2003</year><year>2013</year> <holder>Ericsson AB. All Rights Reserved.</holder> </copyright> <legalnotice> diff --git a/system/doc/design_principles/spec_proc.xml b/system/doc/design_principles/spec_proc.xml index f00de71a4c..e4fb5fdca7 100644 --- a/system/doc/design_principles/spec_proc.xml +++ b/system/doc/design_principles/spec_proc.xml @@ -1,10 +1,10 @@ -<?xml version="1.0" encoding="latin1" ?> +<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?> <!DOCTYPE chapter SYSTEM "chapter.dtd"> <chapter> <header> <copyright> - <year>1997</year><year>2012</year> + <year>1997</year><year>2014</year> <holder>Ericsson AB. All Rights Reserved.</holder> </copyright> <legalnotice> @@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ <p>The module <c>sys</c> contains some functions for simple debugging of processes implemented using behaviours. We use the <c>code_lock</c> example from - the <seealso marker="fsm#ex">gen_event</seealso> chapter to + the <seealso marker="fsm#ex">gen_fsm</seealso> chapter to illustrate this:</p> <pre> % <input>erl</input> @@ -130,7 +130,8 @@ ok -export([alloc/0, free/1]). -export([init/1]). -export([system_continue/3, system_terminate/4, - write_debug/3]). + write_debug/3, + system_get_state/1, system_replace_state/2]). start_link() -> proc_lib:start_link(ch4, init, [self()]). @@ -156,15 +157,15 @@ init(Parent) -> loop(Chs, Parent, Deb) -> receive {From, alloc} -> - Deb2 = sys:handle_debug(Deb, {ch4, write_debug}, + Deb2 = sys:handle_debug(Deb, fun ch4:write_debug/3, ch4, {in, alloc, From}), {Ch, Chs2} = alloc(Chs), From ! {ch4, Ch}, - Deb3 = sys:handle_debug(Deb2, {ch4, write_debug}, + Deb3 = sys:handle_debug(Deb2, fun ch4:write_debug/3, ch4, {out, {ch4, Ch}, From}), loop(Chs2, Parent, Deb3); {free, Ch} -> - Deb2 = sys:handle_debug(Deb, {ch4, write_debug}, + Deb2 = sys:handle_debug(Deb, fun ch4:write_debug/3, ch4, {in, {free, Ch}}), Chs2 = free(Ch, Chs), loop(Chs2, Parent, Deb2); @@ -177,9 +178,16 @@ loop(Chs, Parent, Deb) -> system_continue(Parent, Deb, Chs) -> loop(Chs, Parent, Deb). -system_terminate(Reason, Parent, Deb, Chs) -> +system_terminate(Reason, _Parent, _Deb, _Chs) -> exit(Reason). +system_get_state(Chs) -> + {ok, Chs}. + +system_replace_state(StateFun, Chs) -> + NChs = StateFun(Chs), + {ok, NChs, NChs}. + write_debug(Dev, Event, Name) -> io:format(Dev, "~p event = ~p~n", [Name, Event]).</pre> <p>Example on how the simple debugging functions in <c>sys</c> can @@ -281,10 +289,10 @@ sys:handle_debug(Deb, Func, Info, Event) => Deb1</code> <p><c>Deb</c> is the debug structure.</p> </item> <item> - <p><c>Func</c> is a tuple <c>{Module, Name}</c> (or a fun) and - should specify a (user defined) function used to format + <p><c>Func</c> is a fun specifying + a (user defined) function used to format trace output. For each system event, the format function is - called as <c>Module:Name(Dev, Event, Info)</c>, where:</p> + called as <c>Func(Dev, Event, Info)</c>, where:</p> <list type="bulleted"> <item> <p><c>Dev</c> is the IO device to which the output should @@ -319,15 +327,15 @@ sys:handle_debug(Deb, Func, Info, Event) => Deb1</code> loop(Chs, Parent, Deb) -> receive {From, alloc} -> - Deb2 = sys:handle_debug(Deb, {ch4, write_debug}, + Deb2 = sys:handle_debug(Deb, fun ch4:write_debug/3, ch4, {in, alloc, From}), {Ch, Chs2} = alloc(Chs), From ! {ch4, Ch}, - Deb3 = sys:handle_debug(Deb2, {ch4, write_debug}, + Deb3 = sys:handle_debug(Deb2, fun ch4:write_debug/3, ch4, {out, {ch4, Ch}, From}), loop(Chs2, Parent, Deb3); {free, Ch} -> - Deb2 = sys:handle_debug(Deb, {ch4, write_debug}, + Deb2 = sys:handle_debug(Deb, fun ch4:write_debug/3, ch4, {in, {free, Ch}}), Chs2 = free(Ch, Chs), loop(Chs2, Parent, Deb2); @@ -366,8 +374,15 @@ Module:system_terminate(Reason, Parent, Deb, State)</code> <item><c>Module</c> is the name of the module.</item> <item><c>Deb</c> is the debug structure.</item> <item><c>State</c> is a term describing the internal state and - is passed to <c>system_continue</c>/<c>system_terminate</c>.</item> + is passed to <c>system_continue</c>/<c>system_terminate</c>/ + <c>system_get_state</c>/<c>system_replace_state</c>.</item> </list> + <p>If the process should return its state <c>handle_system_msg</c> will call:</p> + <code type="none"> +Module:system_get_state(State)</code> + <p>or if the process should replace its state using the fun <c>StateFun</c>:</p> + <code type="none"> +Module:system_replace_state(StateFun, State)</code> <p>In the example:</p> <code type="none"> loop(Chs, Parent, Deb) -> @@ -383,7 +398,15 @@ system_continue(Parent, Deb, Chs) -> loop(Chs, Parent, Deb). system_terminate(Reason, Parent, Deb, Chs) -> - exit(Reason).</code> + exit(Reason). + +system_get_state(Chs) -> + {ok, Chs, Chs}. + +system_replace_state(StateFun, Chs) -> + NChs = StateFun(Chs), + {ok, NChs, NChs}. +</code> <p>If the special process is set to trap exits, note that if the parent process terminates, the expected behavior is to terminate with the same reason:</p> @@ -408,11 +431,11 @@ loop(...) -> <section> <title>User-Defined Behaviours</title> - <p>To implement a user-defined behaviour, write code similar to + <p><marker id="behaviours"/>To implement a user-defined behaviour, write code similar to code for a special process but calling functions in a callback module for handling specific tasks.</p> <p>If it is desired that the compiler should warn for missing callback - functions, as it does for the OTP behaviours, add callback attributes in the + functions, as it does for the OTP behaviours, add <c>-callback</c> attributes in the behaviour module to describe the expected callbacks:</p> <code type="none"> -callback Name1(Arg1_1, Arg1_2, ..., Arg1_N1) -> Res1. @@ -422,15 +445,15 @@ loop(...) -> <p>where <c>NameX</c> are the names of the expected callbacks and <c>ArgX_Y</c>, <c>ResX</c> are types as they are described in Specifications for functions in <seealso marker="../reference_manual/typespec">Types and - Function Specifications</seealso>. The whole syntax of spec attributes is - supported by callback attributes.</p> + Function Specifications</seealso>. The whole syntax of <c>-spec</c> attribute is + supported by <c>-callback</c> attribute.</p> <p>Alternatively you may directly implement and export the function:</p> <code type="none"> behaviour_info(callbacks) -> - [{Name1,Arity1},...,{NameN,ArityN}].</code> - <p>where each <c>{Name,Arity}</c> specifies the name and arity of a callback + [{Name1, Arity1},...,{NameN, ArityN}].</code> + <p>where each <c>{Name, Arity}</c> specifies the name and arity of a callback function. This function is otherwise automatically generated by the compiler - using the callback attributes.</p> + using the <c>-callback</c> attributes.</p> <p>When the compiler encounters the module attribute <c>-behaviour(Behaviour).</c> in a module <c>Mod</c>, it will call <c>Behaviour:behaviour_info(callbacks)</c> and compare the result with the diff --git a/system/doc/design_principles/sup_princ.xml b/system/doc/design_principles/sup_princ.xml index 7ad007d3fd..11ef3813d6 100644 --- a/system/doc/design_principles/sup_princ.xml +++ b/system/doc/design_principles/sup_princ.xml @@ -1,10 +1,10 @@ -<?xml version="1.0" encoding="latin1" ?> +<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?> <!DOCTYPE chapter SYSTEM "chapter.dtd"> <chapter> <header> <copyright> - <year>1997</year><year>2012</year> + <year>1997</year><year>2013</year> <holder>Ericsson AB. All Rights Reserved.</holder> </copyright> <legalnotice> diff --git a/system/doc/efficiency_guide/advanced.xml b/system/doc/efficiency_guide/advanced.xml index 3bbaf7a0ad..b5771a5929 100644 --- a/system/doc/efficiency_guide/advanced.xml +++ b/system/doc/efficiency_guide/advanced.xml @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -<?xml version="1.0" encoding="latin1" ?> +<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?> <!DOCTYPE chapter SYSTEM "chapter.dtd"> <chapter> diff --git a/system/doc/efficiency_guide/appendix.xml b/system/doc/efficiency_guide/appendix.xml index 6eaaeffbc4..48d40d2493 100644 --- a/system/doc/efficiency_guide/appendix.xml +++ b/system/doc/efficiency_guide/appendix.xml @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -<?xml version="1.0" encoding="latin1" ?> +<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?> <!DOCTYPE chapter SYSTEM "chapter.dtd"> <chapter> <header> <copyright> <year>2002</year> - <year>2011</year> + <year>2013</year> <holder>Ericsson AB, All Rights Reserved</holder> </copyright> <legalnotice> diff --git a/system/doc/efficiency_guide/binaryhandling.xml b/system/doc/efficiency_guide/binaryhandling.xml index 425d6308cf..6b0df49011 100644 --- a/system/doc/efficiency_guide/binaryhandling.xml +++ b/system/doc/efficiency_guide/binaryhandling.xml @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -<?xml version="1.0" encoding="latin1" ?> +<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?> <!DOCTYPE chapter SYSTEM "chapter.dtd"> <chapter> <header> <copyright> <year>2007</year> - <year>2011</year> + <year>2013</year> <holder>Ericsson AB, All Rights Reserved</holder> </copyright> <legalnotice> diff --git a/system/doc/efficiency_guide/book.xml b/system/doc/efficiency_guide/book.xml index 5df40695bb..f8b4c59e3f 100644 --- a/system/doc/efficiency_guide/book.xml +++ b/system/doc/efficiency_guide/book.xml @@ -1,10 +1,10 @@ -<?xml version="1.0" encoding="latin1" ?> +<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?> <!DOCTYPE book SYSTEM "book.dtd"> <book xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"> <header titlestyle="normal"> <copyright> - <year>2001</year><year>2009</year> + <year>2001</year><year>2013</year> <holder>Ericsson AB. All Rights Reserved.</holder> </copyright> <legalnotice> diff --git a/system/doc/efficiency_guide/commoncaveats.xml b/system/doc/efficiency_guide/commoncaveats.xml index ef0dee793d..551b0a03e6 100644 --- a/system/doc/efficiency_guide/commoncaveats.xml +++ b/system/doc/efficiency_guide/commoncaveats.xml @@ -1,10 +1,10 @@ -<?xml version="1.0" encoding="latin1" ?> +<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?> <!DOCTYPE chapter SYSTEM "chapter.dtd"> <chapter> <header> <copyright> - <year>2001</year><year>2011</year> + <year>2001</year><year>2013</year> <holder>Ericsson AB. All Rights Reserved.</holder> </copyright> <legalnotice> diff --git a/system/doc/efficiency_guide/drivers.xml b/system/doc/efficiency_guide/drivers.xml index 66311a3738..dfc49bdf21 100644 --- a/system/doc/efficiency_guide/drivers.xml +++ b/system/doc/efficiency_guide/drivers.xml @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -<?xml version="1.0" encoding="latin1" ?> +<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?> <!DOCTYPE chapter SYSTEM "chapter.dtd"> <chapter> diff --git a/system/doc/efficiency_guide/functions.xml b/system/doc/efficiency_guide/functions.xml index 42cc81dbae..ec1a45eaa9 100644 --- a/system/doc/efficiency_guide/functions.xml +++ b/system/doc/efficiency_guide/functions.xml @@ -1,10 +1,10 @@ -<?xml version="1.0" encoding="latin1" ?> +<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?> <!DOCTYPE chapter SYSTEM "chapter.dtd"> <chapter> <header> <copyright> - <year>2001</year><year>2011</year> + <year>2001</year><year>2013</year> <holder>Ericsson AB. All Rights Reserved.</holder> </copyright> <legalnotice> diff --git a/system/doc/efficiency_guide/introduction.xml b/system/doc/efficiency_guide/introduction.xml index ba942c75c2..9726d3ad11 100644 --- a/system/doc/efficiency_guide/introduction.xml +++ b/system/doc/efficiency_guide/introduction.xml @@ -1,10 +1,10 @@ -<?xml version="1.0" encoding="latin1" ?> +<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?> <!DOCTYPE chapter SYSTEM "chapter.dtd"> <chapter> <header> <copyright> - <year>2001</year><year>2009</year> + <year>2001</year><year>2013</year> <holder>Ericsson AB. All Rights Reserved.</holder> </copyright> <legalnotice> diff --git a/system/doc/efficiency_guide/listhandling.xml b/system/doc/efficiency_guide/listhandling.xml index e9d2dfe556..9112738b18 100644 --- a/system/doc/efficiency_guide/listhandling.xml +++ b/system/doc/efficiency_guide/listhandling.xml @@ -1,10 +1,10 @@ -<?xml version="1.0" encoding="latin1" ?> +<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?> <!DOCTYPE chapter SYSTEM "chapter.dtd"> <chapter> <header> <copyright> - <year>2001</year><year>2009</year> + <year>2001</year><year>2013</year> <holder>Ericsson AB. All Rights Reserved.</holder> </copyright> <legalnotice> diff --git a/system/doc/efficiency_guide/myths.xml b/system/doc/efficiency_guide/myths.xml index 6fdeb5c4f9..b1108dbab2 100644 --- a/system/doc/efficiency_guide/myths.xml +++ b/system/doc/efficiency_guide/myths.xml @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -<?xml version="1.0" encoding="latin1" ?> +<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?> <!DOCTYPE chapter SYSTEM "chapter.dtd"> <chapter> <header> <copyright> <year>2007</year> - <year>2011</year> + <year>2013</year> <holder>Ericsson AB, All Rights Reserved</holder> </copyright> <legalnotice> diff --git a/system/doc/efficiency_guide/part.xml b/system/doc/efficiency_guide/part.xml index 2b78f35e2a..3918560812 100644 --- a/system/doc/efficiency_guide/part.xml +++ b/system/doc/efficiency_guide/part.xml @@ -1,10 +1,10 @@ -<?xml version="1.0" encoding="latin1" ?> +<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?> <!DOCTYPE part SYSTEM "part.dtd"> <part xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"> <header> <copyright> - <year>2001</year><year>2009</year> + <year>2001</year><year>2013</year> <holder>Ericsson AB. All Rights Reserved.</holder> </copyright> <legalnotice> diff --git a/system/doc/efficiency_guide/processes.xml b/system/doc/efficiency_guide/processes.xml index 440be2b6f8..6f85b029eb 100644 --- a/system/doc/efficiency_guide/processes.xml +++ b/system/doc/efficiency_guide/processes.xml @@ -1,10 +1,10 @@ -<?xml version="1.0" encoding="latin1" ?> +<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?> <!DOCTYPE chapter SYSTEM "chapter.dtd"> <chapter> <header> <copyright> - <year>2001</year><year>2011</year> + <year>2001</year><year>2013</year> <holder>Ericsson AB. All Rights Reserved.</holder> </copyright> <legalnotice> diff --git a/system/doc/efficiency_guide/profiling.xml b/system/doc/efficiency_guide/profiling.xml index cbb53c825e..b93c884270 100644 --- a/system/doc/efficiency_guide/profiling.xml +++ b/system/doc/efficiency_guide/profiling.xml @@ -1,10 +1,10 @@ -<?xml version="1.0" encoding="latin1" ?> +<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?> <!DOCTYPE chapter SYSTEM "chapter.dtd"> <chapter> <header> <copyright> - <year>2001</year><year>2012</year> + <year>2001</year><year>2013</year> <holder>Ericsson AB. All Rights Reserved.</holder> </copyright> <legalnotice> diff --git a/system/doc/efficiency_guide/tablesDatabases.xml b/system/doc/efficiency_guide/tablesDatabases.xml index 0c32ae2d82..5b0df76371 100644 --- a/system/doc/efficiency_guide/tablesDatabases.xml +++ b/system/doc/efficiency_guide/tablesDatabases.xml @@ -1,10 +1,10 @@ -<?xml version="1.0" encoding="latin1" ?> +<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?> <!DOCTYPE chapter SYSTEM "chapter.dtd"> <chapter> <header> <copyright> - <year>2001</year><year>2011</year> + <year>2001</year><year>2013</year> <holder>Ericsson AB. All Rights Reserved.</holder> </copyright> <legalnotice> diff --git a/system/doc/embedded/book.xml b/system/doc/embedded/book.xml index 7dc43e36bf..3fc00b58ae 100644 --- a/system/doc/embedded/book.xml +++ b/system/doc/embedded/book.xml @@ -1,10 +1,10 @@ -<?xml version="1.0" encoding="latin1" ?> +<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?> <!DOCTYPE book SYSTEM "book.dtd"> <book xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"> <header titlestyle="normal"> <copyright> - <year>1997</year><year>2009</year> + <year>1997</year><year>2013</year> <holder>Ericsson AB. All Rights Reserved.</holder> </copyright> <legalnotice> diff --git a/system/doc/embedded/embedded_nt.xml b/system/doc/embedded/embedded_nt.xml index 8e594b1951..530e3663e4 100644 --- a/system/doc/embedded/embedded_nt.xml +++ b/system/doc/embedded/embedded_nt.xml @@ -1,10 +1,10 @@ -<?xml version="1.0" encoding="latin1" ?> +<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?> <!DOCTYPE chapter SYSTEM "chapter.dtd"> <chapter> <header> <copyright> - <year>1997</year><year>2009</year> + <year>1997</year><year>2013</year> <holder>Ericsson AB. All Rights Reserved.</holder> </copyright> <legalnotice> diff --git a/system/doc/embedded/embedded_solaris.xml b/system/doc/embedded/embedded_solaris.xml index d1fb2ddc5f..cab3437725 100644 --- a/system/doc/embedded/embedded_solaris.xml +++ b/system/doc/embedded/embedded_solaris.xml @@ -1,10 +1,10 @@ -<?xml version="1.0" encoding="latin1" ?> +<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?> <!DOCTYPE chapter SYSTEM "chapter.dtd"> <chapter> <header> <copyright> - <year>1997</year><year>2009</year> + <year>1997</year><year>2013</year> <holder>Ericsson AB. All Rights Reserved.</holder> </copyright> <legalnotice> diff --git a/system/doc/embedded/intro.xml b/system/doc/embedded/intro.xml index 545500c9c9..85ce74611c 100644 --- a/system/doc/embedded/intro.xml +++ b/system/doc/embedded/intro.xml @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -<?xml version="1.0" encoding="latin1" ?> +<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?> <!DOCTYPE chapter SYSTEM "chapter.dtd"> <chapter> <header> <copyright> <year>1997</year> - <year>2011</year> + <year>2013</year> <holder>Ericsson AB, All Rights Reserved</holder> </copyright> <legalnotice> diff --git a/system/doc/embedded/part.xml b/system/doc/embedded/part.xml index 6dd0b73965..e4366bd2c2 100644 --- a/system/doc/embedded/part.xml +++ b/system/doc/embedded/part.xml @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -<?xml version="1.0" encoding="latin1" ?> +<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?> <!DOCTYPE part SYSTEM "part.dtd"> <part xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"> diff --git a/system/doc/embedded/starting.xml b/system/doc/embedded/starting.xml index 228d91f430..527496c420 100644 --- a/system/doc/embedded/starting.xml +++ b/system/doc/embedded/starting.xml @@ -1,10 +1,10 @@ -<?xml version="1.0" encoding="latin1" ?> +<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?> <!DOCTYPE chapter SYSTEM "chapter.dtd"> <chapter> <header> <copyright> - <year>1996</year><year>2009</year> + <year>1996</year><year>2013</year> <holder>Ericsson AB. All Rights Reserved.</holder> </copyright> <legalnotice> diff --git a/system/doc/embedded/target.xml b/system/doc/embedded/target.xml index 4408e6ee48..123e26f918 100644 --- a/system/doc/embedded/target.xml +++ b/system/doc/embedded/target.xml @@ -1,10 +1,10 @@ -<?xml version="1.0" encoding="latin1" ?> +<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?> <!DOCTYPE chapter SYSTEM "chapter.dtd"> <chapter> <header> <copyright> - <year>1996</year><year>2009</year> + <year>1996</year><year>2013</year> <holder>Ericsson AB. All Rights Reserved.</holder> </copyright> <legalnotice> diff --git a/system/doc/embedded/vme_problems.xml b/system/doc/embedded/vme_problems.xml index 03a70bae3b..e9d164f454 100644 --- a/system/doc/embedded/vme_problems.xml +++ b/system/doc/embedded/vme_problems.xml @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -<?xml version="1.0" encoding="latin1" ?> +<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?> <!DOCTYPE chapter SYSTEM "chapter.dtd"> <chapter> <header> <copyright> <year>1997</year> - <year>2011</year> + <year>2013</year> <holder>Ericsson AB, All Rights Reserved</holder> </copyright> <legalnotice> diff --git a/system/doc/embedded/xntp.xml b/system/doc/embedded/xntp.xml index 270d986cf1..2fab4e4455 100644 --- a/system/doc/embedded/xntp.xml +++ b/system/doc/embedded/xntp.xml @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -<?xml version="1.0" encoding="latin1" ?> +<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?> <!DOCTYPE chapter SYSTEM "chapter.dtd"> <chapter> <header> <copyright> <year>1997</year> - <year>2011</year> + <year>2013</year> <holder>Ericsson AB, All Rights Reserved</holder> </copyright> <legalnotice> diff --git a/system/doc/getting_started/book.xml b/system/doc/getting_started/book.xml index c256dc1317..fb5e5eec3b 100644 --- a/system/doc/getting_started/book.xml +++ b/system/doc/getting_started/book.xml @@ -1,10 +1,10 @@ -<?xml version="1.0" encoding="latin1" ?> +<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?> <!DOCTYPE book SYSTEM "book.dtd"> <book xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"> <header titlestyle="normal"> <copyright> - <year>1996</year><year>2009</year> + <year>1996</year><year>2013</year> <holder>Ericsson AB. All Rights Reserved.</holder> </copyright> <legalnotice> diff --git a/system/doc/getting_started/conc_prog.xml b/system/doc/getting_started/conc_prog.xml index 34ae428b2c..e392287ff0 100644 --- a/system/doc/getting_started/conc_prog.xml +++ b/system/doc/getting_started/conc_prog.xml @@ -1,10 +1,10 @@ -<?xml version="1.0" encoding="latin1" ?> +<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?> <!DOCTYPE chapter SYSTEM "chapter.dtd"> <chapter> <header> <copyright> - <year>2003</year><year>2009</year> + <year>2003</year><year>2013</year> <holder>Ericsson AB. All Rights Reserved.</holder> </copyright> <legalnotice> diff --git a/system/doc/getting_started/intro.xml b/system/doc/getting_started/intro.xml index 7b42080723..e8d568bcaf 100644 --- a/system/doc/getting_started/intro.xml +++ b/system/doc/getting_started/intro.xml @@ -1,10 +1,10 @@ -<?xml version="1.0" encoding="latin1" ?> +<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?> <!DOCTYPE chapter SYSTEM "chapter.dtd"> <chapter> <header> <copyright> - <year>2003</year><year>2009</year> + <year>2003</year><year>2013</year> <holder>Ericsson AB. All Rights Reserved.</holder> </copyright> <legalnotice> diff --git a/system/doc/getting_started/part.xml b/system/doc/getting_started/part.xml index 4c277419a4..c53743baed 100644 --- a/system/doc/getting_started/part.xml +++ b/system/doc/getting_started/part.xml @@ -1,10 +1,10 @@ -<?xml version="1.0" encoding="latin1" ?> +<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?> <!DOCTYPE part SYSTEM "part.dtd"> <part xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"> <header> <copyright> - <year>1997</year><year>2009</year> + <year>1997</year><year>2013</year> <holder>Ericsson AB. All Rights Reserved.</holder> </copyright> <legalnotice> diff --git a/system/doc/getting_started/records_macros.xml b/system/doc/getting_started/records_macros.xml index 45617f0183..76e3d185fb 100644 --- a/system/doc/getting_started/records_macros.xml +++ b/system/doc/getting_started/records_macros.xml @@ -1,10 +1,10 @@ -<?xml version="1.0" encoding="latin1" ?> +<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?> <!DOCTYPE chapter SYSTEM "chapter.dtd"> <chapter> <header> <copyright> - <year>2003</year><year>2009</year> + <year>2003</year><year>2013</year> <holder>Ericsson AB. All Rights Reserved.</holder> </copyright> <legalnotice> diff --git a/system/doc/getting_started/robustness.xml b/system/doc/getting_started/robustness.xml index c141530fe0..359ea93275 100644 --- a/system/doc/getting_started/robustness.xml +++ b/system/doc/getting_started/robustness.xml @@ -1,10 +1,10 @@ -<?xml version="1.0" encoding="latin1" ?> +<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?> <!DOCTYPE chapter SYSTEM "chapter.dtd"> <chapter> <header> <copyright> - <year>2003</year><year>2010</year> + <year>2003</year><year>2013</year> <holder>Ericsson AB. All Rights Reserved.</holder> </copyright> <legalnotice> diff --git a/system/doc/getting_started/seq_prog.xml b/system/doc/getting_started/seq_prog.xml index 96876ea513..fd49102263 100644 --- a/system/doc/getting_started/seq_prog.xml +++ b/system/doc/getting_started/seq_prog.xml @@ -1,10 +1,10 @@ -<?xml version="1.0" encoding="latin1" ?> +<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?> <!DOCTYPE chapter SYSTEM "chapter.dtd"> <chapter> <header> <copyright> - <year>2003</year><year>2011</year> + <year>2003</year><year>2013</year> <holder>Ericsson AB. All Rights Reserved.</holder> </copyright> <legalnotice> @@ -408,7 +408,7 @@ list_length([First | Rest]) -> or "structs" in other languages and we use lists when we want to represent things which have varying sizes, (i.e. where we would use linked lists in other languages).</p> - <p>Erlang does not have a string date type, instead strings can be + <p>Erlang does not have a string data type, instead strings can be represented by lists of ASCII characters. So the list <c>[97,98,99]</c> is equivalent to "abc". The Erlang shell is "clever" and guesses the what sort of list we mean and outputs it @@ -419,6 +419,129 @@ list_length([First | Rest]) -> </section> <section> + <title>Maps</title> + <p>Maps are a set of key to value associations. These associations + are encapsulated with "#{" and "}". To create an association from + "key" to value 42, we write:</p> +<code type="none"> +> #{ "key" => 42 }. +#{"key" => 42}</code> + <p>We will jump straight into the deep end with an example using some + interesting features.</p> + <p>The following example shows how we calculate alpha blending using + maps to reference color and alpha channels:</p> + <code type="none"> +-module(color). + +-export([new/4, blend/2]). + +-define(is_channel(V), (is_float(V) andalso V >= 0.0 andalso V =< 1.0)). + +new(R,G,B,A) when ?is_channel(R), ?is_channel(G), + ?is_channel(B), ?is_channel(A) -> + #{red => R, green => G, blue => B, alpha => A}. + +blend(Src,Dst) -> + blend(Src,Dst,alpha(Src,Dst)). + +blend(Src,Dst,Alpha) when Alpha > 0.0 -> + Dst#{ + red := red(Src,Dst) / Alpha, + green := green(Src,Dst) / Alpha, + blue := blue(Src,Dst) / Alpha, + alpha := Alpha + }; +blend(_,Dst,_) -> + Dst#{ + red := 0.0, + green := 0.0, + blue := 0.0, + alpha := 0.0 + }. + +alpha(#{alpha := SA}, #{alpha := DA}) -> + SA + DA*(1.0 - SA). + +red(#{red := SV, alpha := SA}, #{red := DV, alpha := DA}) -> + SV*SA + DV*DA*(1.0 - SA). +green(#{green := SV, alpha := SA}, #{green := DV, alpha := DA}) -> + SV*SA + DV*DA*(1.0 - SA). +blue(#{blue := SV, alpha := SA}, #{blue := DV, alpha := DA}) -> + SV*SA + DV*DA*(1.0 - SA).</code> + <p>Compile (file <c>color.erl</c>) and test:</p> + <pre> +> <input>c(color).</input> +{ok,color} +> <input>C1 = color:new(0.3,0.4,0.5,1.0).</input> +#{alpha => 1.0,blue => 0.5,green => 0.4,red => 0.3} +> <input>C2 = color:new(1.0,0.8,0.1,0.3).</input> +#{alpha => 0.3,blue => 0.1,green => 0.8,red => 1.0} +> <input>color:blend(C1,C2).</input> +#{alpha => 1.0,blue => 0.5,green => 0.4,red => 0.3} +> <input>color:blend(C2,C1).</input> +#{alpha => 1.0,blue => 0.38,green => 0.52,red => 0.51} +</pre> + <p>This example warrant some explanation:</p> + <code type="none"> +-define(is_channel(V), (is_float(V) andalso V >= 0.0 andalso V =< 1.0)).</code> + <p> + First we define a macro <c>is_channel</c> to help with our guard tests. + This is only here for convenience and to reduce syntax cluttering. + + You can read more about <seealso marker="doc/reference_manual:macros">Macros</seealso> + in the Erlang Reference Manual. + </p> + <code type="none"> +new(R,G,B,A) when ?is_channel(R), ?is_channel(G), + ?is_channel(B), ?is_channel(A) -> + #{red => R, green => G, blue => B, alpha => A}.</code> + <p> + The function <c>new/4</c> creates a new map term with and lets the keys + <c>red</c>, <c>green</c>, <c>blue</c> and <c>alpha</c> be associated + with an initial value. In this case we only allow for float + values between and including 0.0 and 1.0 as ensured by the <c>?is_channel/1</c> macro + for each argument. Only the <c>=></c> operator is allowed when creating a new map. + </p> + <p> + By calling <c>blend/2</c> on any color term created by <c>new/4</c> we can calculate + the resulting color as determined by the two maps terms. + </p> + <p> + The first thing <c>blend/2</c> does is to calculate the resulting alpha channel. + </p> + <code type="none"> +alpha(#{alpha := SA}, #{alpha := DA}) -> + SA + DA*(1.0 - SA).</code> + <p> + We fetch the value associated with key <c>alpha</c> for both arguments using + the <c>:=</c> operator. Any other keys + in the map are ignored, only the key <c>alpha</c> is required and checked for. + </p> + <p>This is also the case for functions <c>red/2</c>, <c>blue/2</c> and <c>green/2</c>.</p> + <code type="none"> +red(#{red := SV, alpha := SA}, #{red := DV, alpha := DA}) -> + SV*SA + DV*DA*(1.0 - SA).</code> + <p> + The difference here is that we check for two keys in each map argument. The other keys + are ignored. + </p> + <p> + Finally we return the resulting color in <c>blend/3</c>. + </p> + <code type="none"> +blend(Src,Dst,Alpha) when Alpha > 0.0 -> + Dst#{ + red := red(Src,Dst) / Alpha, + green := green(Src,Dst) / Alpha, + blue := blue(Src,Dst) / Alpha, + alpha := Alpha + };</code> + <p> + We update the <c>Dst</c> map with new channel values. The syntax for updating an existing key with a new value is done with <c>:=</c> operator. + </p> + </section> + + <section> <title>Standard Modules and Manual Pages</title> <p>Erlang has a lot of standard modules to help you do things. For example, the module <c>io</c> contains a lot of functions to help @@ -1031,7 +1154,7 @@ month_length(Year, Month) -> <title>Built In Functions (BIFs)</title> <p>Built in functions BIFs are functions which for some reason is built in to the Erlang virtual machine. BIFs often implement - functionality that is impossible to implement in Erlang or is to + functionality that is impossible to implement in Erlang or is too inefficient to implement in Erlang. Some BIFs can be called by use of the function name only but they are by default belonging to the erlang module so for example the call to the BIF <c>trunc</c> diff --git a/system/doc/installation_guide/Makefile b/system/doc/installation_guide/Makefile index 6923f52d8a..83210bd21f 100644 --- a/system/doc/installation_guide/Makefile +++ b/system/doc/installation_guide/Makefile @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ # # %CopyrightBegin% # -# Copyright Ericsson AB 1996-2012. All Rights Reserved. +# Copyright Ericsson AB 1996-2014. All Rights Reserved. # # The contents of this file are subject to the Erlang Public License, # Version 1.1, (the "License"); you may not use this file except in @@ -58,8 +58,7 @@ XML_FILES = \ GENERATED_XML_FILES = \ INSTALL.xml \ INSTALL-CROSS.xml \ - INSTALL-WIN32.xml \ - MARKDOWN.xml + INSTALL-WIN32.xml # ---------------------------------------------------- @@ -74,8 +73,7 @@ REDIRECT_HTML_DIR = $(HTMLDIR)/source REDIRECT_HTML_FILES = \ $(REDIRECT_HTML_DIR)/INSTALL.html \ $(REDIRECT_HTML_DIR)/INSTALL-CROSS.html \ - $(REDIRECT_HTML_DIR)/INSTALL-WIN32.html \ - $(REDIRECT_HTML_DIR)/MARKDOWN.html + $(REDIRECT_HTML_DIR)/INSTALL-WIN32.html # ---------------------------------------------------- # FLAGS diff --git a/system/doc/installation_guide/book.xml b/system/doc/installation_guide/book.xml index 7d8001f2b3..9788263a98 100644 --- a/system/doc/installation_guide/book.xml +++ b/system/doc/installation_guide/book.xml @@ -1,10 +1,10 @@ -<?xml version="1.0" encoding="latin1" ?> +<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?> <!DOCTYPE book SYSTEM "book.dtd"> <book xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"> <header titlestyle="normal"> <copyright> - <year>1997</year><year>2009</year> + <year>1997</year><year>2013</year> <holder>Ericsson AB. All Rights Reserved.</holder> </copyright> <legalnotice> diff --git a/system/doc/installation_guide/install-binary.xml b/system/doc/installation_guide/install-binary.xml index ac4192586d..af7dab6e44 100644 --- a/system/doc/installation_guide/install-binary.xml +++ b/system/doc/installation_guide/install-binary.xml @@ -1,10 +1,10 @@ -<?xml version="1.0" encoding="latin1" ?> +<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?> <!DOCTYPE chapter SYSTEM "chapter.dtd"> <chapter> <header> <copyright> - <year>2000</year><year>2010</year> + <year>2000</year><year>2014</year> <holder>Ericsson AB. All Rights Reserved.</holder> </copyright> <legalnotice> @@ -31,117 +31,40 @@ <rev>C</rev> <file>install-binary.xml</file> </header> - - <section> - <title>UNIX</title> - - <section> - <title>Introduction</title> - <p>The system is delivered as a single compressed tar file.</p> - <p>To browse the on-line HTML documentation, Netscape or an equivalent - browser supporting frames is needed.</p> - </section> - - <section> - <title>Installation Procedure</title> - <p>When installed, the entire system, except for a small start-up - script, resides in a single directory tree. The location of this - directory tree can be chosen arbitrarily by the installer, and it - does not need to be in the user's <c>$PATH</c>. The only requirements - are that the file system where it is placed has enough free space, - and that the users who run Erlang/OTP have read access to it. In the - example below, the directory tree is assumed to be located at - <c>/usr/local/erlang</c>, which is here called the <em>top-level directory</em>.</p> - <p>It is assumed that you have the compressed tar file, the name of - which is <c><![CDATA[<PREFIX>.tar.gz]]></c>, where <c><![CDATA[<PREFIX>]]></c> is a string - denoting the particular Erlang/OTP release, e.g. - <c>otp_LXA_11930_sunos5_R9B</c>.</p> - <p>Wherever the string <c><![CDATA[<PREFIX>]]></c> is used below, it should - be replaced by the actual name prefix of the compressed tar file.</p> - <p>The tape archive file does not have one single directory in which - all other files are rooted. Therefore the tape archive file must be - extracted into an empty (newly created) directory.</p> - <list type="ordered"> - <item> - <p>If the <em>top-level directory</em> does not already exist, - create it:</p> - <pre> -mkdir /usr/local/erlang</pre> - </item> - <item> - <p>Change the current directory to the <em>top level directory</em>:</p> - <pre> -cd /usr/local/erlang</pre> - </item> - <item> - <p>Create the <em>installation directory</em> with an appropriate - name. For example:</p> - <pre> -mkdir otp_r7b</pre> - </item> - <item> - <p>Change to the <em>installation directory</em>, e.g.</p> - <pre> -cd otp_r7b</pre> - </item> - <item> - <p>Assuming the compressed tar file resides in the directory - <c><![CDATA[<SOME-DIR>]]></c>,. extract the compressed tar file into the - current directory:</p> - <pre> -gunzip -c <SOME-DIR>/<PREFIX>.tar.gz | tar xfp -</pre> - </item> - <item> - <p>Read the <c>README</c> file in the installation directory for - last minute updates, before proceeding.</p> - </item> - <item> - <p>Run the <c>Install</c> script in the installation directory, - with the absolute path of the installation directory as argument,</p> - <pre> -./Install /usr/local/erlang/otp_r7b</pre> - <p>and supply answers to the prompts.</p> - <p>In most cases, there is a default answer in square brackets - (<c>[]</c>). If the default is satisfactory, just press - <c><![CDATA[<Return>]]></c>. In general you are only prompted for one thing:</p> - <list type="bulleted"> - <item> - <p>"Do you want to use a minimal system startup instead of the - SASL startup?" <br></br> - - In a minimal system, only the Kernel and STDLIB applications - are loaded and started. If the SASL startup is used, the SASL - application is included as well. Normally, the minimal system - is enough.</p> - </item> - </list> - </item> - <item> - <p>Make Erlang/OTP available for users, either by putting the path - <c>/usr/local/erlang/otp_r7b/bin</c> in users <c>$PATH</c> - variable, or link the executable - <c>/usr/local/erlang/otp_r7b/bin/erl</c> accordingly, e.g.:</p> - <pre> -ln -s /usr/local/erlang/otp_r7b/bin/erl /usr/local/bin/erl </pre> - </item> - </list> - </section> - </section> - <section> <title>Windows</title> <section> <title>Introduction</title> - <p>The system is delivered as a single <c>.exe</c> file.</p> - <p>To browse the on-line HTML documentation, Netscape or an equivalent - browser supporting frames is needed.</p> + <p>The system is delivered as a Windows Installer executable. + Get it from our <url href="http://www.erlang.org/download.html">download page</url>.</p> </section> <section> - <title>Installation Procedure</title> + <title>Installation</title> <p>The installation procedure is is automated. Double-click the <c>.exe</c> file icon and follow the instructions.</p> </section> + <section> + <title>Verification</title> + <list type="bulleted"> + <item> + <p>Start Erlang/OTP by double-clicking on the Erlang shortcut icon on the + desktop.</p> + <p>Expect a command line window to pop up with an output looking something like this:</p> + <pre> + Erlang/OTP 17 [erts-6.0] [64-bit] [smp:2:2] + + Eshell V6.0 (abort with ^G) + 1></pre> + </item> + <item> + <p>Exit by entering the command <c>halt()</c>,</p> + <pre> + 2> <input>halt().</input></pre> + <p>which will close the Erlang/OTP shell. </p> + </item> + </list> + </section> </section> </chapter> diff --git a/system/doc/installation_guide/part.xml b/system/doc/installation_guide/part.xml index 2cffd30283..02bf98db7c 100644 --- a/system/doc/installation_guide/part.xml +++ b/system/doc/installation_guide/part.xml @@ -1,10 +1,10 @@ -<?xml version="1.0" encoding="latin1" ?> +<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?> <!DOCTYPE part SYSTEM "part.dtd"> <part xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"> <header> <copyright> - <year>2000</year><year>2013</year> + <year>2000</year><year>2014</year> <holder>Ericsson AB. All Rights Reserved.</holder> </copyright> <legalnotice> @@ -32,9 +32,7 @@ <p>How to install Erlang/OTP on UNIX or Windows.</p> </description> <xi:include href="install-binary.xml"/> - <xi:include href="verification.xml"/> <xi:include href="INSTALL.xml"/> <xi:include href="INSTALL-CROSS.xml"/> <xi:include href="INSTALL-WIN32.xml"/> - <xi:include href="MARKDOWN.xml"/> </part>
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/system/doc/installation_guide/verification.xml b/system/doc/installation_guide/verification.xml deleted file mode 100644 index 814c252dca..0000000000 --- a/system/doc/installation_guide/verification.xml +++ /dev/null @@ -1,102 +0,0 @@ -<?xml version="1.0" encoding="latin1" ?> -<!DOCTYPE chapter SYSTEM "chapter.dtd"> - -<chapter> - <header> - <copyright> - <year>2000</year><year>2009</year> - <holder>Ericsson AB. All Rights Reserved.</holder> - </copyright> - <legalnotice> - The contents of this file are subject to the Erlang Public License, - Version 1.1, (the "License"); you may not use this file except in - compliance with the License. You should have received a copy of the - Erlang Public License along with this software. If not, it can be - retrieved online at http://www.erlang.org/. - - Software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" - basis, WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See - the License for the specific language governing rights and limitations - under the License. - - </legalnotice> - - <title>Installation Verification</title> - <prepared>Peter Högfeldt</prepared> - <responsible>Peter Högfeldt</responsible> - <docno></docno> - <approved>(Peter Högfeldt</approved> - <checked></checked> - <date>1997-05-26</date> - <rev>C</rev> - <file>verification.xml</file> - </header> - <p>This chapter is about verifying your installation by performing - a few simple tests to see that your system is properly installed.</p> - - <section> - <title>UNIX</title> - <list type="bulleted"> - <item> - <p>Start Erlang/OTP from the command line,</p> - <pre> - unix> erl</pre> - <p>Expect the following output:</p> - <pre> - Erlang (BEAM) emulator version 5.0.1 [threads] - - Eshell V5.0.1 (abort with ^G) - 1></pre> - </item> - <item> - <p>Start the GS-based toolbar from the Erlang shell, </p> - <pre> - 1> <input>toolbar:start().</input></pre> - <p>and check that the toolbar window pops up. - </p> - <p><em>Note:</em> The trailing full stop (<c>"."</c>) is an end marker - for all commands in the Erlang shell, and must be entered for a - command to begin execution.</p> - </item> - <item> - <p>Exit by entering the command <c>halt()</c>,</p> - <pre> - 2> <input>halt().</input></pre> - <p>which should end both the toolbar window and the command line window. </p> - </item> - </list> - </section> - - <section> - <title>Windows</title> - <list type="bulleted"> - <item> - <p>Start Erlang/OTP by double-clicking on the Erlang shortcut icon on the - desktop.</p> - <p>Expect a command line window to pop up with the following output,</p> - <pre> - Erlang (BEAM) emulator version 5.0.1 [threads] - - Eshell V5.0.1 (abort with ^G) - 1></pre> - </item> - <item> - <p>Start the GS-based toolbar from the Erlang shell, </p> - <pre> - 1> <input>toolbar:start().</input></pre> - <p>and check that the toolbar window pops up. - </p> - <p><em>Note:</em> The trailing full stop (<c>"."</c>) is an end marker - for all commands in the Erlang shell, and must be entered for a - command to begin execution.</p> - </item> - <item> - <p>Exit by entering the command <c>halt()</c>,</p> - <pre> - 2> <input>halt().</input></pre> - <p>which should end both the toolbar window and the command line window. </p> - </item> - </list> - </section> -</chapter> - diff --git a/system/doc/installation_guide/xmlfiles.mk b/system/doc/installation_guide/xmlfiles.mk index 3995c607af..c443334cd7 100644 --- a/system/doc/installation_guide/xmlfiles.mk +++ b/system/doc/installation_guide/xmlfiles.mk @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ # # %CopyrightBegin% # -# Copyright Ericsson AB 2009-2013. All Rights Reserved. +# Copyright Ericsson AB 2009-2014. All Rights Reserved. # # The contents of this file are subject to the Erlang Public License, # Version 1.1, (the "License"); you may not use this file except in @@ -18,8 +18,6 @@ # INST_GUIDE_CHAPTER_FILES = \ install-binary.xml \ - verification.xml \ INSTALL.xml \ INSTALL-CROSS.xml \ - INSTALL-WIN32.xml \ - MARKDOWN.xml + INSTALL-WIN32.xml diff --git a/system/doc/oam/book.xml b/system/doc/oam/book.xml index a2596b7fbe..5f429fbee2 100644 --- a/system/doc/oam/book.xml +++ b/system/doc/oam/book.xml @@ -1,10 +1,10 @@ -<?xml version="1.0" encoding="latin1" ?> +<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?> <!DOCTYPE book SYSTEM "book.dtd"> <book xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"> <header titlestyle="normal"> <copyright> - <year>1997</year><year>2009</year> + <year>1997</year><year>2013</year> <holder>Ericsson AB. All Rights Reserved.</holder> </copyright> <legalnotice> diff --git a/system/doc/oam/oam_intro.xml b/system/doc/oam/oam_intro.xml index bd7369b84c..f4f990393e 100644 --- a/system/doc/oam/oam_intro.xml +++ b/system/doc/oam/oam_intro.xml @@ -1,10 +1,10 @@ -<?xml version="1.0" encoding="latin1" ?> +<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?> <!DOCTYPE chapter SYSTEM "chapter.dtd"> <chapter> <header> <copyright> - <year>1997</year><year>2009</year> + <year>1997</year><year>2013</year> <holder>Ericsson AB. All Rights Reserved.</holder> </copyright> <legalnotice> diff --git a/system/doc/oam/part.xml b/system/doc/oam/part.xml index 8e3acb6e0d..9d44d6e0ad 100644 --- a/system/doc/oam/part.xml +++ b/system/doc/oam/part.xml @@ -1,10 +1,10 @@ -<?xml version="1.0" encoding="latin1" ?> +<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?> <!DOCTYPE part SYSTEM "part.dtd"> <part xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"> <header> <copyright> - <year>1997</year><year>2009</year> + <year>1997</year><year>2013</year> <holder>Ericsson AB. All Rights Reserved.</holder> </copyright> <legalnotice> diff --git a/system/doc/programming_examples/bit_syntax.xml b/system/doc/programming_examples/bit_syntax.xml index 3306365c0e..fb321c1ba9 100644 --- a/system/doc/programming_examples/bit_syntax.xml +++ b/system/doc/programming_examples/bit_syntax.xml @@ -1,10 +1,10 @@ -<?xml version="1.0" encoding="latin1" ?> +<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?> <!DOCTYPE chapter SYSTEM "chapter.dtd"> <chapter> <header> <copyright> - <year>2003</year><year>2009</year> + <year>2003</year><year>2013</year> <holder>Ericsson AB. All Rights Reserved.</holder> </copyright> <legalnotice> diff --git a/system/doc/programming_examples/book.xml b/system/doc/programming_examples/book.xml index 91346ceea4..fd430a02c0 100644 --- a/system/doc/programming_examples/book.xml +++ b/system/doc/programming_examples/book.xml @@ -1,10 +1,10 @@ -<?xml version="1.0" encoding="latin1" ?> +<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?> <!DOCTYPE book SYSTEM "book.dtd"> <book xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"> <header titlestyle="normal"> <copyright> - <year>2003</year><year>2009</year> + <year>2003</year><year>2013</year> <holder>Ericsson AB. All Rights Reserved.</holder> </copyright> <legalnotice> diff --git a/system/doc/programming_examples/funs.xmlsrc b/system/doc/programming_examples/funs.xmlsrc index 92f99cf6d3..7bfac9db8c 100644 --- a/system/doc/programming_examples/funs.xmlsrc +++ b/system/doc/programming_examples/funs.xmlsrc @@ -1,10 +1,10 @@ -<?xml version="1.0" encoding="latin1" ?> +<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?> <!DOCTYPE chapter SYSTEM "chapter.dtd"> <chapter> <header> <copyright> - <year>2003</year><year>2009</year> + <year>2003</year><year>2013</year> <holder>Ericsson AB. All Rights Reserved.</holder> </copyright> <legalnotice> diff --git a/system/doc/programming_examples/list_comprehensions.xml b/system/doc/programming_examples/list_comprehensions.xml index 825459238b..d6c8a66e13 100644 --- a/system/doc/programming_examples/list_comprehensions.xml +++ b/system/doc/programming_examples/list_comprehensions.xml @@ -1,10 +1,10 @@ -<?xml version="1.0" encoding="latin1" ?> +<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?> <!DOCTYPE chapter SYSTEM "chapter.dtd"> <chapter> <header> <copyright> - <year>2003</year><year>2009</year> + <year>2003</year><year>2013</year> <holder>Ericsson AB. All Rights Reserved.</holder> </copyright> <legalnotice> diff --git a/system/doc/programming_examples/part.xml b/system/doc/programming_examples/part.xml index 5b22ddf82f..0bec9b4cf5 100644 --- a/system/doc/programming_examples/part.xml +++ b/system/doc/programming_examples/part.xml @@ -1,10 +1,10 @@ -<?xml version="1.0" encoding="latin1" ?> +<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?> <!DOCTYPE part SYSTEM "part.dtd"> <part xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"> <header> <copyright> - <year>2003</year><year>2009</year> + <year>2003</year><year>2013</year> <holder>Ericsson AB. All Rights Reserved.</holder> </copyright> <legalnotice> diff --git a/system/doc/programming_examples/records.xml b/system/doc/programming_examples/records.xml index 2f2434f11c..58cf136a0b 100644 --- a/system/doc/programming_examples/records.xml +++ b/system/doc/programming_examples/records.xml @@ -1,10 +1,10 @@ -<?xml version="1.0" encoding="latin1" ?> +<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?> <!DOCTYPE chapter SYSTEM "chapter.dtd"> <chapter> <header> <copyright> - <year>2003</year><year>2009</year> + <year>2003</year><year>2013</year> <holder>Ericsson AB. All Rights Reserved.</holder> </copyright> <legalnotice> diff --git a/system/doc/reference_manual/book.xml b/system/doc/reference_manual/book.xml index eb2e860f80..546fb36a57 100644 --- a/system/doc/reference_manual/book.xml +++ b/system/doc/reference_manual/book.xml @@ -1,10 +1,10 @@ -<?xml version="1.0" encoding="latin1" ?> +<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?> <!DOCTYPE book SYSTEM "book.dtd"> <book xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"> <header titlestyle="normal"> <copyright> - <year>2003</year><year>2009</year> + <year>2003</year><year>2013</year> <holder>Ericsson AB. All Rights Reserved.</holder> </copyright> <legalnotice> diff --git a/system/doc/reference_manual/character_set.xml b/system/doc/reference_manual/character_set.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..884898eb34 --- /dev/null +++ b/system/doc/reference_manual/character_set.xml @@ -0,0 +1,132 @@ +<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?> +<!DOCTYPE chapter SYSTEM "chapter.dtd"> + +<chapter> + <header> + <copyright> + <year>2014</year><year>2014</year> + <holder>Ericsson AB. All Rights Reserved.</holder> + </copyright> + <legalnotice> + The contents of this file are subject to the Erlang Public License, + Version 1.1, (the "License"); you may not use this file except in + compliance with the License. You should have received a copy of the + Erlang Public License along with this software. If not, it can be + retrieved online at http://www.erlang.org/. + + Software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" + basis, WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See + the License for the specific language governing rights and limitations + under the License. + + </legalnotice> + + <title>Character Set and Source File Encoding</title> + <prepared></prepared> + <docno></docno> + <date></date> + <rev></rev> + <file>character_set.xml</file> + </header> + + <section> + <title>Character Set</title> + <p>In Erlang 4.8/OTP R5A the syntax of Erlang tokens was extended to + allow the use of the full ISO-8859-1 (Latin-1) character set. This + is noticeable in the following ways:</p> + <list type="bulleted"> + <item> + <p>All the Latin-1 printable characters can be used and are + shown without the escape backslash convention.</p> + </item> + <item> + <p>Atoms and variables can use all Latin-1 letters.</p> + </item> + </list> + <table> + <row> + <cell align="left" valign="middle"><em>Octal</em></cell> + <cell align="left" valign="middle"><em>Decimal</em></cell> + <cell align="left" valign="middle"> </cell> + <cell align="left" valign="middle"><em>Class</em></cell> + </row> + <row> + <cell align="left" valign="middle">200 - 237</cell> + <cell align="left" valign="middle">128 - 159</cell> + <cell align="left" valign="middle"> </cell> + <cell align="left" valign="middle">Control characters</cell> + </row> + <row> + <cell align="left" valign="middle">240 - 277</cell> + <cell align="left" valign="middle">160 - 191</cell> + <cell align="right" valign="middle">- ¿</cell> + <cell align="left" valign="middle">Punctuation characters</cell> + </row> + <row> + <cell align="left" valign="middle">300 - 326</cell> + <cell align="left" valign="middle">192 - 214</cell> + <cell align="center" valign="middle">À - Ö</cell> + <cell align="left" valign="middle">Uppercase letters</cell> + </row> + <row> + <cell align="center" valign="middle">327</cell> + <cell align="center" valign="middle">215</cell> + <cell align="center" valign="middle">×</cell> + <cell align="left" valign="middle">Punctuation character</cell> + </row> + <row> + <cell align="left" valign="middle">330 - 336</cell> + <cell align="left" valign="middle">216 - 222</cell> + <cell align="center" valign="middle">Ø - Þ</cell> + <cell align="left" valign="middle">Uppercase letters</cell> + </row> + <row> + <cell align="left" valign="middle">337 - 366</cell> + <cell align="left" valign="middle">223 - 246</cell> + <cell align="center" valign="middle">ß - ö</cell> + <cell align="left" valign="middle">Lowercase letters</cell> + </row> + <row> + <cell align="center" valign="middle">367</cell> + <cell align="center" valign="middle">247</cell> + <cell align="center" valign="middle">÷</cell> + <cell align="left" valign="middle">Punctuation character</cell> + </row> + <row> + <cell align="left" valign="middle">370 - 377</cell> + <cell align="left" valign="middle">248 - 255</cell> + <cell align="center" valign="middle">ø - ÿ</cell> + <cell align="left" valign="middle">Lowercase letters</cell> + </row> + <tcaption>Character Classes.</tcaption> + </table> + <p>In Erlang/OTP R16B the syntax of Erlang tokens was extended to + handle Unicode. To begin with the support is limited to + strings, but Erlang/OTP 18 is expected to handle Unicode atoms + as well. More about the usage of Unicode in Erlang source files + can be found in <seealso + marker="stdlib:unicode_usage#unicode_in_erlang">STDLIB's User's + Guide</seealso>.</p> + </section> + <section> + <title>Source File Encoding</title> + <p>The Erlang source file <marker + id="encoding">encoding</marker> is selected by a + comment in one of the first two lines of the source file. The + first string that matches the regular expression + <c>coding\s*[:=]\s*([-a-zA-Z0-9])+</c> selects the encoding. If + the matching string is not a valid encoding it is ignored. The + valid encodings are <c>Latin-1</c> and <c>UTF-8</c> where the + case of the characters can be chosen freely.</p> + <p>The following example selects UTF-8 as default encoding:</p> + <pre> +%% coding: utf-8</pre> + <p>Two more examples, both selecting Latin-1 as default encoding:</p> + <pre> +%% For this file we have chosen encoding = Latin-1</pre> + <pre> +%% -*- coding: latin-1 -*-</pre> + <p>The default encoding for Erlang source files was changed from + Latin-1 to UTF-8 in Erlang OTP 17.0.</p> + </section> +</chapter> diff --git a/system/doc/reference_manual/code_loading.xml b/system/doc/reference_manual/code_loading.xml index 0d2d7b2c2f..b5b5704df5 100644 --- a/system/doc/reference_manual/code_loading.xml +++ b/system/doc/reference_manual/code_loading.xml @@ -1,10 +1,10 @@ -<?xml version="1.0" encoding="latin1" ?> +<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?> <!DOCTYPE chapter SYSTEM "chapter.dtd"> <chapter> <header> <copyright> - <year>2003</year><year>2011</year> + <year>2003</year><year>2014</year> <holder>Ericsson AB. All Rights Reserved.</holder> </copyright> <legalnotice> @@ -121,10 +121,22 @@ loop() -> <title>Running a function when a module is loaded</title> <warning> - <p>This section describes an experimental feature that was - introduced in R13B03, and changed in a backwards-incompatible - way in R13B04. There may be more backward-incompatible changes - in future releases.</p> + <p>The <c>on_load</c> feature should be considered experimental + as there are a number of known weak points in current semantics + which therefore might also change in future releases:</p> + <list> + <item><p>Doing external call in on_load to the module itself + leads to deadlock.</p></item> + <item><p>At module upgrade, other processes calling the module + get suspended waiting for on_load to finish. This can be very bad + for applications with demands on realtime characteristics.</p></item> + <item><p>At module upgrade, no rollback is done if the on_load function fails. + The system will be left in a bad limbo state without any working + and reachable instance of the module.</p></item> + </list> + <p>The problems with module upgrade described above could be fixed in future + releases by changing the behaviour to not make the module reachable until + after the on_load function has successfully returned.</p> </warning> <p>The <c>-on_load()</c> directive names a function that should diff --git a/system/doc/reference_manual/data_types.xml b/system/doc/reference_manual/data_types.xml index 531d50b2cf..0031664dfb 100644 --- a/system/doc/reference_manual/data_types.xml +++ b/system/doc/reference_manual/data_types.xml @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -<?xml version="1.0" encoding="latin1" ?> +<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?> <!DOCTYPE chapter SYSTEM "chapter.dtd"> <chapter> @@ -190,6 +190,38 @@ adam </section> <section> + <title>Map</title> + <p>Compound data type with a variable number of key-value associations:</p> + <pre> +#{Key1=>Value1,...,KeyN=>ValueN}</pre> + <p>Each key-value association in the map is called an + <em>association pair</em>. The key and value parts of the pair are + called <em>elements</em>. The number of association pairs is said to be + the <em>size</em> of the map.</p> + <p>There exists a number of BIFs to manipulate maps.</p> + <p>Examples:</p> + <pre> +1> <input>M1 = #{name=>adam,age=>24,date=>{july,29}}.</input> +#{age => 24,date => {july,29},name => adam} +2> <input>maps:get(name,M1).</input> +adam +3> <input>maps:get(date,M1).</input> +{july,29} +4> <input>M2 = maps:update(age,25,M1).</input> +#{age => 25,date => {july,29},name => adam} +5> <input>map_size(M).</input> +3 +6> <input>map_size(#{}).</input> +0</pre> + <p>A collection of maps processing functions can be found in + the STDLIB module <seealso marker="stdlib:maps"><c>maps</c></seealso>.</p> + <p>Read more about <seealso marker="maps">Maps</seealso>.</p> + <note> + <p>Maps are considered experimental during OTP 17.</p> + </note> + </section> + + <section> <title>List</title> <p>Compound data type with a variable number of terms.</p> <pre> diff --git a/system/doc/reference_manual/distributed.xml b/system/doc/reference_manual/distributed.xml index bc55d14c90..88f98bc106 100644 --- a/system/doc/reference_manual/distributed.xml +++ b/system/doc/reference_manual/distributed.xml @@ -1,10 +1,10 @@ -<?xml version="1.0" encoding="latin1" ?> +<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?> <!DOCTYPE chapter SYSTEM "chapter.dtd"> <chapter> <header> <copyright> - <year>2003</year><year>2011</year> + <year>2003</year><year>2013</year> <holder>Ericsson AB. All Rights Reserved.</holder> </copyright> <legalnotice> @@ -199,7 +199,7 @@ dilbert@uab</pre> <cell align="left" valign="middle">Depending on <c>Arg</c>, this function can return a list not only of visible nodes, but also hidden nodes and previously known nodes, etc.</cell> </row> <row> - <cell align="left" valign="middle"><c>set_cookie(Node, Cookie)</c></cell> + <cell align="left" valign="middle"><c>erlang:set_cookie(Node, Cookie)</c></cell> <cell align="left" valign="middle">Sets the magic cookie used when connecting to <c>Node</c>. If <c>Node</c> is the current node, <c>Cookie</c> will be used when connecting to all new nodes.</cell> </row> <row> diff --git a/system/doc/reference_manual/errors.xml b/system/doc/reference_manual/errors.xml index 4e207021d3..dde6e68f4a 100644 --- a/system/doc/reference_manual/errors.xml +++ b/system/doc/reference_manual/errors.xml @@ -1,10 +1,10 @@ -<?xml version="1.0" encoding="latin1" ?> +<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?> <!DOCTYPE chapter SYSTEM "chapter.dtd"> <chapter> <header> <copyright> - <year>2003</year><year>2011</year> + <year>2003</year><year>2013</year> <holder>Ericsson AB. All Rights Reserved.</holder> </copyright> <legalnotice> diff --git a/system/doc/reference_manual/expressions.xml b/system/doc/reference_manual/expressions.xml index 357f89f731..0ca425da86 100644 --- a/system/doc/reference_manual/expressions.xml +++ b/system/doc/reference_manual/expressions.xml @@ -1,10 +1,10 @@ -<?xml version="1.0" encoding="latin1" ?> +<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?> <!DOCTYPE chapter SYSTEM "chapter.dtd"> <chapter> <header> <copyright> - <year>2003</year><year>2012</year> + <year>2003</year><year>2013</year> <holder>Ericsson AB. All Rights Reserved.</holder> </copyright> <legalnotice> @@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ Expr1 + Expr2</code> <marker id="term"></marker> <title>Terms</title> <p>The simplest form of expression is a term, that is an integer, - float, atom, string, list or tuple. + float, atom, string, list, map or tuple. The return value is the term itself.</p> </section> @@ -792,6 +792,244 @@ Expr1 -- Expr2</pre> </section> <section> + <title>Map Expressions</title> + <section> + <title>Creating Maps</title> + <p> + Constructing a new map is done by letting an expression <c>K</c> be associated with + another expression <c>V</c>: + </p> + <code>#{ K => V }</code> + <p> + New maps may include multiple associations at construction by listing every + association: + </p> + <code>#{ K1 => V1, .., Kn => Vn }</code> + <p> + An empty map is constructed by not associating any terms with each other: + </p> + <code>#{}</code> + <p> + All keys and values in the map are terms. Any expression is first evaluated and + then the resulting terms are used as <em>key</em> and <em>value</em> respectively. + </p> + <p> + Keys and values are separated by the <c>=></c> arrow and associations are + separated by <c>,</c>. + </p> + + <p> + Examples: + </p> + <code> +M0 = #{}, % empty map +M1 = #{a => <<"hello">>}, % single association with literals +M2 = #{1 => 2, b => b}, % multiple associations with literals +M3 = #{k => {A,B}}, % single association with variables +M4 = #{{"w", 1} => f()}. % compound key associated with an evaluated expression</code> + <p> + where, <c>A</c> and <c>B</c> are any expressions and <c>M0</c> through <c>M4</c> + are the resulting map terms. + </p> + <p> + If two matching keys are declared, the latter key will take precedence. + </p> + <p> + Example: + </p> + +<pre> +1> <input>#{1 => a, 1 => b}.</input> +#{1 => b } +2> <input>#{1.0 => a, 1 => b}.</input> +#{1 => b, 1.0 => a} +</pre> + <p> + The order in which the expressions constructing the keys and their + associated values are evaluated is not defined. The syntactic order of + the key-value pairs in the construction is of no relevance, except in + the above mentioned case of two matching keys. + </p> + </section> + + <section> + <title>Updating Maps</title> + <p> + Updating a map has similar syntax as constructing it. + </p> + <p> + An expression defining the map to be updated is put in front of the expression + defining the keys to be updated and their respective values. + </p> + <code>M#{ K => V }</code> + <p> + where <c>M</c> is a term of type map and <c>K</c> and <c>V</c> are any expression. + </p> + <p> + If key <c>K</c> does not match any existing key in the map, a new association + will be created from key <c>K</c> to value <c>V</c>. If key <c>K</c> matches + an existing key in map <c>M</c> its associated value will be replaced by the + new value <c>V</c>. In both cases the evaluated map expression will return a new map. + </p> + <p> + If <c>M</c> is not of type map an exception of type <c>badmap</c> is thrown. + </p> + <p> + To only update an existing value, the following syntax is used, + </p> + <code>M#{ K := V } </code> + <p> + where <c>M</c> is an term of type map, <c>V</c> is an expression and <c>K</c> + is an expression which evaluates to an existing key in <c>M</c>. + </p> + <p> + If key <c>K</c> does not match any existing keys in map <c>M</c> an exception + of type <c>badarg</c> will be triggered at runtime. If a matching key <c>K</c> + is present in map <c>M</c> its associated value will be replaced by the new + value <c>V</c> and the evaluated map expression returns a new map. + </p> + <p> + If <c>M</c> is not of type map an exception of type <c>badmap</c> is thrown. + </p> + <p> + Examples: + </p> + <code> +M0 = #{}, +M1 = M0#{a => 0}, +M2 = M1#{a => 1, b => 2}, +M3 = M2#{"function" => fun() -> f() end}, +M4 = M3#{a := 2, b := 3}. % 'a' and 'b' was added in `M1` and `M2`.</code> + <p> + where <c>M0</c> is any map. It follows that <c>M1 .. M4</c> are maps as well. + </p> + <p> + More Examples: + </p> +<pre> +1> <input>M = #{1 => a}.</input> +#{1 => a } +2> <input>M#{1.0 => b}.</input> +#{1 => a, 1.0 => b}. +3> <input>M#{1 := b}.</input> +#{1 => b} +4> <input>M#{1.0 := b}.</input> +** exception error: bad argument +</pre> + <p> + As in construction, the order in which the key and value expressions + are evaluated is not defined. The + syntactic order of the key-value pairs in the update is of no + relevance, except in the case where two keys match, in which + case the latter value is used. + </p> + </section> + + <section> + <title>Maps in Patterns</title> + <p> + Matching of key-value associations from maps is done in the following way: + </p> + + <code>#{ K := V } = M</code> + <p> + where <c>M</c> is any map. The key <c>K</c> has to be an expression with bound + variables or a literals, and <c>V</c> can be any pattern with either bound or + unbound variables. + </p> + <p> + If the variable <c>V</c> is unbound, it will be bound to the value associated + with the key <c>K</c>, which has to exist in the map <c>M</c>. If the variable + <c>V</c> is bound, it has to match the value associated with <c>K</c> in <c>M</c>. + </p> + <p> Example: </p> +<code> +1> <input>M = #{"tuple" => {1,2}}.</input> +#{"tuple" => {1,2}} +2> <input>#{"tuple" := {1,B}} = M.</input> +#{"tuple" => {1,2}} +3> <input>B.</input> +2.</code> + <p> + This will bind variable <c>B</c> to integer <c>2</c>. + </p> + <p> + Similarly, multiple values from the map may be matched: + </p> + <code>#{ K1 := V1, .., Kn := Vn } = M</code> + <p> + where keys <c>K1 .. Kn</c> are any expressions with literals or bound variables. If all + keys exist in map <c>M</c> all variables in <c>V1 .. Vn</c> will be matched to the + associated values of their respective keys. + </p> + <p> + If the matching conditions are not met, the match will fail, either with + </p> + <list> + <item> + a <c>badmatch</c> exception, if used in the context of the matching operator + as in the example, + </item> + <item> + or resulting in the next clause being tested in function heads and + case expressions. + </item> + </list> + <p> + Matching in maps only allows for <c>:=</c> as delimiters of associations. + The order in which keys are declared in matching has no relevance. + </p> + <p> + Duplicate keys are allowed in matching and will match each pattern associated + to the keys. + </p> + <code>#{ K := V1, K := V2 } = M</code> + <p> + Matching an expression against an empty map literal will match its type but + no variables will be bound: + </p> + <code>#{} = Expr</code> + <p> + This expression will match if the expression <c>Expr</c> is of type map, otherwise + it will fail with an exception <c>badmatch</c>. + </p> + <section> + <title>Matching syntax: Example with literals in function heads</title> + <p> + Matching of literals as keys are allowed in function heads. + </p> + <code> +%% only start if not_started +handle_call(start, From, #{ state := not_started } = S) -> +... + {reply, ok, S#{ state := start }}; + +%% only change if started +handle_call(change, From, #{ state := start } = S) -> +... + {reply, ok, S#{ state := changed }};</code> + </section> + </section> + <section> + <title>Maps in Guards</title> + <p> + Maps are allowed in guards as long as all sub-expressions are valid guard expressions. + </p> + <p> + Two guard BIFs handles maps: + </p> + <list> + <item> + <seealso marker="erts:erlang#is_map/1">is_map/1</seealso> + </item> + <item> + <seealso marker="erts:erlang#map_size/1">map_size/1</seealso> + </item> + </list> + </section> + </section> + + <section> <marker id="bit_syntax"></marker> <title>Bit Syntax Expressions</title> <code type="none"><![CDATA[<<>> @@ -954,19 +1192,20 @@ Ei = Value | <title>Fun Expressions</title> <pre> fun - (Pattern11,...,Pattern1N) [when GuardSeq1] -> - Body1; + [Name](Pattern11,...,Pattern1N) [when GuardSeq1] -> + Body1; ...; - (PatternK1,...,PatternKN) [when GuardSeqK] -> - BodyK + [Name](PatternK1,...,PatternKN) [when GuardSeqK] -> + BodyK end</pre> <p>A fun expression begins with the keyword <c>fun</c> and ends with the keyword <c>end</c>. Between them should be a function declaration, similar to a - <seealso marker="functions#syntax">regular function declaration</seealso>, except that no function name is - specified.</p> - <p>Variables in a fun head shadow variables in the - function clause surrounding the fun expression, and + <seealso marker="functions#syntax">regular function declaration</seealso>, + except that the function name is optional and should be a variable if + any.</p> + <p>Variables in a fun head shadow the function name and both shadow + variables in the function clause surrounding the fun expression, and variables bound in a fun body are local to the fun body.</p> <p>The return value of the expression is the resulting fun.</p> <p>Examples:</p> @@ -978,7 +1217,11 @@ end</pre> 3> <input>Fun2 = fun (X) when X>=5 -> gt; (X) -> lt end.</input> #Fun<erl_eval.6.39074546> 4> <input>Fun2(7).</input> -gt</pre> +gt +5> <input>Fun3 = fun Fact(1) -> 1; Fact(X) when X > 1 -> X * Fact(X - 1) end.</input> +#Fun<erl_eval.6.39074546> +6> <input>Fun3(4).</input> +24</pre> <p>The following fun expressions are also allowed:</p> <pre> fun Name/Arity @@ -1343,6 +1586,9 @@ end</pre> <cell align="left" valign="middle"><c>is_list/1</c></cell> </row> <row> + <cell align="left" valign="middle"><c>is_map/1</c></cell> + </row> + <row> <cell align="left" valign="middle"><c>is_number/1</c></cell> </row> <row> @@ -1393,6 +1639,9 @@ end</pre> <cell align="left" valign="middle"><c>length(List)</c></cell> </row> <row> + <cell align="left" valign="middle"><c>map_size(Map)</c></cell> + </row> + <row> <cell align="left" valign="middle"><c>node()</c></cell> </row> <row> diff --git a/system/doc/reference_manual/functions.xml b/system/doc/reference_manual/functions.xml index 3746ee6fad..9498ef1402 100644 --- a/system/doc/reference_manual/functions.xml +++ b/system/doc/reference_manual/functions.xml @@ -1,10 +1,10 @@ -<?xml version="1.0" encoding="latin1" ?> +<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?> <!DOCTYPE chapter SYSTEM "chapter.dtd"> <chapter> <header> <copyright> - <year>2003</year><year>2009</year> + <year>2003</year><year>2013</year> <holder>Ericsson AB. All Rights Reserved.</holder> </copyright> <legalnotice> diff --git a/system/doc/reference_manual/introduction.xml b/system/doc/reference_manual/introduction.xml index d143a154b6..36bec17825 100644 --- a/system/doc/reference_manual/introduction.xml +++ b/system/doc/reference_manual/introduction.xml @@ -1,10 +1,10 @@ -<?xml version="1.0" encoding="latin1" ?> +<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?> <!DOCTYPE chapter SYSTEM "chapter.dtd"> <chapter> <header> <copyright> - <year>2003</year><year>2013</year> + <year>2003</year><year>2014</year> <holder>Ericsson AB. All Rights Reserved.</holder> </copyright> <legalnotice> @@ -79,88 +79,5 @@ when xor</p> </section> - <section> - <title>Character Set</title> - <p>In Erlang 4.8/OTP R5A the syntax of Erlang tokens was extended to - allow the use of the full ISO-8859-1 (Latin-1) character set. This - is noticeable in the following ways:</p> - <list type="bulleted"> - <item> - <p>All the Latin-1 printable characters can be used and are - shown without the escape backslash convention.</p> - </item> - <item> - <p>Atoms and variables can use all Latin-1 letters.</p> - </item> - </list> - <table> - <row> - <cell align="left" valign="middle"><em>Octal</em></cell> - <cell align="left" valign="middle"><em>Decimal</em></cell> - <cell align="left" valign="middle"> </cell> - <cell align="left" valign="middle"><em>Class</em></cell> - </row> - <row> - <cell align="left" valign="middle">200 - 237</cell> - <cell align="left" valign="middle">128 - 159</cell> - <cell align="left" valign="middle"> </cell> - <cell align="left" valign="middle">Control characters</cell> - </row> - <row> - <cell align="left" valign="middle">240 - 277</cell> - <cell align="left" valign="middle">160 - 191</cell> - <cell align="right" valign="middle">- ¿</cell> - <cell align="left" valign="middle">Punctuation characters</cell> - </row> - <row> - <cell align="left" valign="middle">300 - 326</cell> - <cell align="left" valign="middle">192 - 214</cell> - <cell align="center" valign="middle">À - Ö</cell> - <cell align="left" valign="middle">Uppercase letters</cell> - </row> - <row> - <cell align="center" valign="middle">327</cell> - <cell align="center" valign="middle">215</cell> - <cell align="center" valign="middle">×</cell> - <cell align="left" valign="middle">Punctuation character</cell> - </row> - <row> - <cell align="left" valign="middle">330 - 336</cell> - <cell align="left" valign="middle">216 - 222</cell> - <cell align="center" valign="middle">Ø - Þ</cell> - <cell align="left" valign="middle">Uppercase letters</cell> - </row> - <row> - <cell align="left" valign="middle">337 - 366</cell> - <cell align="left" valign="middle">223 - 246</cell> - <cell align="center" valign="middle">ß - ö</cell> - <cell align="left" valign="middle">Lowercase letters</cell> - </row> - <row> - <cell align="center" valign="middle">367</cell> - <cell align="center" valign="middle">247</cell> - <cell align="center" valign="middle">÷</cell> - <cell align="left" valign="middle">Punctuation character</cell> - </row> - <row> - <cell align="left" valign="middle">370 - 377</cell> - <cell align="left" valign="middle">248 - 255</cell> - <cell align="center" valign="middle">ø - ÿ</cell> - <cell align="left" valign="middle">Lowercase letters</cell> - </row> - <tcaption>Character Classes.</tcaption> - </table> - <p>In Erlang/OTP R16 the syntax of Erlang tokens was extended to - handle Unicode. To begin with the support is limited to strings, - but Erlang/OTP R18 is expected to handle Unicode atoms as well. - More about the usage of Unicode in Erlang source files can be - found in <seealso - marker="stdlib:unicode_usage#unicode_in_erlang">STDLIB's User'S - Guide</seealso>. The default encoding for Erlang source files - is still Latin-1, but in Erlang/OTP R17 the default encoding - will be UTF-8. The details on how to state the encoding of an - Erlang source file can be found in <seealso - marker="stdlib:epp#encoding">epp(3)</seealso>.</p> - </section> </chapter> diff --git a/system/doc/reference_manual/macros.xml b/system/doc/reference_manual/macros.xml index ef2db93f94..9fd0b0f287 100644 --- a/system/doc/reference_manual/macros.xml +++ b/system/doc/reference_manual/macros.xml @@ -1,10 +1,10 @@ -<?xml version="1.0" encoding="latin1" ?> +<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?> <!DOCTYPE chapter SYSTEM "chapter.dtd"> <chapter> <header> <copyright> - <year>2003</year><year>2011</year> + <year>2003</year><year>2013</year> <holder>Ericsson AB. All Rights Reserved.</holder> </copyright> <legalnotice> diff --git a/system/doc/reference_manual/modules.xml b/system/doc/reference_manual/modules.xml index 51c8157764..f0ec7ef165 100644 --- a/system/doc/reference_manual/modules.xml +++ b/system/doc/reference_manual/modules.xml @@ -1,10 +1,10 @@ -<?xml version="1.0" encoding="latin1" ?> +<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?> <!DOCTYPE chapter SYSTEM "chapter.dtd"> <chapter> <header> <copyright> - <year>2003</year><year>2012</year> + <year>2003</year><year>2014</year> <holder>Ericsson AB. All Rights Reserved.</holder> </copyright> <legalnotice> @@ -53,10 +53,10 @@ fact(0) -> % | <pre> -Tag(Value).</pre> <p><c>Tag</c> must be an atom, while <c>Value</c> must be a literal - term. As a convenience in user-defined attributes, the literal term - <c>Value</c> the syntax <c>Name/Arity</c> - (where <c>Name</c> is an atom and <c>Arity</c> a positive integer) - will be translated to <c>{Name,Arity}</c>.</p> + term. As a convenience in user-defined attributes, if the literal term + <c>Value</c> has the syntax <c>Name/Arity</c> + (where <c>Name</c> is an atom and <c>Arity</c> a positive integer), + the term <c>Name/Arity</c> will be translated to <c>{Name,Arity}</c>.</p> <p>Any module attribute can be specified. The attributes are stored in the compiled code and can be retrieved by calling @@ -134,8 +134,21 @@ fact(0) -> % | standard behaviours <c>gen_server</c>, <c>gen_fsm</c>, <c>gen_event</c> or <c>supervisor</c>.</p> <p>The spelling <c>behavior</c> is also accepted.</p> - <p>Read more about behaviours and callback modules in OTP Design - Principles.</p> + <p>The callback functions of the module can be specified either + directly by the exported function <c>behaviour_info/1</c>:</p> + <pre> +behaviour_info(callbacks) -> Callbacks.</pre> + <p>or by a <c>-callback</c> attribute for each callback + function:</p> + <pre> +-callback Name(Arguments) -> Result.</pre> + <p>where <c>Arguments</c> is a list of zero or more arguments. + The <c>-callback</c> attribute is to be preferred since the + extra type information can be used by tools to produce + documentation or find discrepancies.</p> + <p>Read more about behaviours and callback modules in + <seealso marker="doc/design_principles:spec_proc#behaviours"> + OTP Design Principles</seealso>.</p> </section> <section> diff --git a/system/doc/reference_manual/part.xml b/system/doc/reference_manual/part.xml index 8151f4c4e1..ee8f3dd7eb 100644 --- a/system/doc/reference_manual/part.xml +++ b/system/doc/reference_manual/part.xml @@ -1,10 +1,10 @@ -<?xml version="1.0" encoding="latin1" ?> +<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?> <!DOCTYPE part SYSTEM "part.dtd"> <part xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"> <header> <copyright> - <year>2003</year><year>2010</year> + <year>2003</year><year>2014</year> <holder>Ericsson AB. All Rights Reserved.</holder> </copyright> <legalnotice> @@ -28,6 +28,7 @@ <rev></rev> </header> <xi:include href="introduction.xml"/> + <xi:include href="character_set.xml"/> <xi:include href="data_types.xml"/> <xi:include href="patterns.xml"/> <xi:include href="modules.xml"/> diff --git a/system/doc/reference_manual/patterns.xml b/system/doc/reference_manual/patterns.xml index 7289f14d73..1611002fa1 100644 --- a/system/doc/reference_manual/patterns.xml +++ b/system/doc/reference_manual/patterns.xml @@ -1,10 +1,10 @@ -<?xml version="1.0" encoding="latin1" ?> +<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?> <!DOCTYPE chapter SYSTEM "chapter.dtd"> <chapter> <header> <copyright> - <year>2003</year><year>2009</year> + <year>2003</year><year>2013</year> <holder>Ericsson AB. All Rights Reserved.</holder> </copyright> <legalnotice> diff --git a/system/doc/reference_manual/ports.xml b/system/doc/reference_manual/ports.xml index 58e2baac17..621af10624 100644 --- a/system/doc/reference_manual/ports.xml +++ b/system/doc/reference_manual/ports.xml @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -<?xml version="1.0" encoding="latin1" ?> +<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?> <!DOCTYPE chapter SYSTEM "chapter.dtd"> <chapter> diff --git a/system/doc/reference_manual/processes.xml b/system/doc/reference_manual/processes.xml index 305d7d9c66..20bab1eb48 100644 --- a/system/doc/reference_manual/processes.xml +++ b/system/doc/reference_manual/processes.xml @@ -1,10 +1,10 @@ -<?xml version="1.0" encoding="latin1" ?> +<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?> <!DOCTYPE chapter SYSTEM "chapter.dtd"> <chapter> <header> <copyright> - <year>2003</year><year>2009</year> + <year>2003</year><year>2013</year> <holder>Ericsson AB. All Rights Reserved.</holder> </copyright> <legalnotice> diff --git a/system/doc/reference_manual/records.xml b/system/doc/reference_manual/records.xml index d01d883ef3..04766531df 100644 --- a/system/doc/reference_manual/records.xml +++ b/system/doc/reference_manual/records.xml @@ -1,10 +1,10 @@ -<?xml version="1.0" encoding="latin1" ?> +<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?> <!DOCTYPE chapter SYSTEM "chapter.dtd"> <chapter> <header> <copyright> - <year>2003</year><year>2010</year> + <year>2003</year><year>2013</year> <holder>Ericsson AB. All Rights Reserved.</holder> </copyright> <legalnotice> diff --git a/system/doc/reference_manual/typespec.xml b/system/doc/reference_manual/typespec.xml index a3b45e4dca..cc35c6eb21 100644 --- a/system/doc/reference_manual/typespec.xml +++ b/system/doc/reference_manual/typespec.xml @@ -1,10 +1,10 @@ -<?xml version="1.0" encoding="iso-8859-1" ?> +<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?> <!DOCTYPE chapter SYSTEM "chapter.dtd"> <chapter> <header> <copyright> - <year>2003</year><year>2013</year> + <year>2003</year><year>2014</year> <holder>Ericsson AB. All Rights Reserved.</holder> </copyright> <legalnotice> @@ -100,6 +100,7 @@ | Fun | Integer | List + | Map | Tuple | Union | UserDefined %% described in Section 6.3 @@ -118,18 +119,25 @@ | fun((TList) -> Type) Integer :: integer() - | Erlang_Integer %% ..., -1, 0, 1, ... 42 ... - | Erlang_Integer..Erlang_Integer %% specifies an integer range + | Erlang_Integer %% ..., -1, 0, 1, ... 42 ... + | Erlang_Integer..Erlang_Integer %% specifies an integer range - List :: list(Type) %% Proper list ([]-terminated) - | improper_list(Type1, Type2) %% Type1=contents, Type2=termination - | maybe_improper_list(Type1, Type2) %% Type1 and Type2 as above - | nonempty_list(Type) %% Proper non-empty list + List :: list(Type) %% Proper list ([]-terminated) + | maybe_improper_list(Type1, Type2) %% Type1=contents, Type2=termination + | nonempty_improper_list(Type1, Type2) %% Type1 and Type2 as above + | nonempty_list(Type) %% Proper non-empty list - Tuple :: tuple() %% stands for a tuple of any size + Map :: map() %% stands for a map of any size + | #{} %% stands for a map of any size + | #{PairList} + + Tuple :: tuple() %% stands for a tuple of any size | {} | {TList} + PairList :: Type => Type + | Type => Type, PairList + TList :: Type | Type, TList @@ -275,6 +283,10 @@ Records have been extended to possibly contain type information. This is described in the sub-section <seealso marker="#typeinrecords">"Type information in record declarations"</seealso> below. </p> + <note> + <p>Map types, both <c>map()</c> and <c>#{ ... }</c>, are considered experimental during OTP 17.</p> + <p>No type information of maps pairs, only the containing map types, are used by Dialyzer in OTP 17.</p> + </note> </section> <section> diff --git a/system/doc/system_architecture_intro/book.xml b/system/doc/system_architecture_intro/book.xml index e83c1a482a..f010ec53fc 100644 --- a/system/doc/system_architecture_intro/book.xml +++ b/system/doc/system_architecture_intro/book.xml @@ -1,10 +1,10 @@ -<?xml version="1.0" encoding="latin1" ?> +<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?> <!DOCTYPE book SYSTEM "book.dtd"> <book xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"> <header titlestyle="normal"> <copyright> - <year>1997</year><year>2009</year> + <year>1997</year><year>2013</year> <holder>Ericsson AB. All Rights Reserved.</holder> </copyright> <legalnotice> diff --git a/system/doc/system_architecture_intro/part.xml b/system/doc/system_architecture_intro/part.xml index 7f3ea62190..e5eec36cbb 100644 --- a/system/doc/system_architecture_intro/part.xml +++ b/system/doc/system_architecture_intro/part.xml @@ -1,10 +1,10 @@ -<?xml version="1.0" encoding="latin1" ?> +<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?> <!DOCTYPE part SYSTEM "part.dtd"> <part xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"> <header> <copyright> - <year>1997</year><year>2009</year> + <year>1997</year><year>2013</year> <holder>Ericsson AB. All Rights Reserved.</holder> </copyright> <legalnotice> diff --git a/system/doc/system_architecture_intro/sys_arch_intro.xml b/system/doc/system_architecture_intro/sys_arch_intro.xml index 1cd8cf99e2..62add510ca 100644 --- a/system/doc/system_architecture_intro/sys_arch_intro.xml +++ b/system/doc/system_architecture_intro/sys_arch_intro.xml @@ -1,10 +1,10 @@ -<?xml version="1.0" encoding="latin1" ?> +<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?> <!DOCTYPE chapter SYSTEM "chapter.dtd"> <chapter> <header> <copyright> - <year>2000</year><year>2009</year> + <year>2000</year><year>2013</year> <holder>Ericsson AB. All Rights Reserved.</holder> </copyright> <legalnotice> diff --git a/system/doc/system_principles/book.xml b/system/doc/system_principles/book.xml index 868bbeecdd..3692752bbe 100644 --- a/system/doc/system_principles/book.xml +++ b/system/doc/system_principles/book.xml @@ -1,10 +1,10 @@ -<?xml version="1.0" encoding="latin1" ?> +<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?> <!DOCTYPE book SYSTEM "book.dtd"> <book xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"> <header titlestyle="normal"> <copyright> - <year>1996</year><year>2009</year> + <year>1996</year><year>2013</year> <holder>Ericsson AB. All Rights Reserved.</holder> </copyright> <legalnotice> diff --git a/system/doc/system_principles/create_target.xmlsrc b/system/doc/system_principles/create_target.xmlsrc index bc2a76db47..b5f8d8ac4d 100644 --- a/system/doc/system_principles/create_target.xmlsrc +++ b/system/doc/system_principles/create_target.xmlsrc @@ -1,10 +1,10 @@ -<?xml version="1.0" encoding="latin1" ?> +<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?> <!DOCTYPE chapter SYSTEM "chapter.dtd"> <chapter> <header> <copyright> - <year>2002</year><year>2011</year> + <year>2002</year><year>2014</year> <holder>Ericsson AB. All Rights Reserved.</holder> </copyright> <legalnotice> @@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ </legalnotice> - <title>Creating a First Target System</title> + <title>Creating and Upgrading a Target System</title> <prepared>Peter Högfeldt</prepared> <responsible></responsible> <docno></docno> @@ -71,23 +71,24 @@ </section> <section> + <marker id="create"/> <title>Creating a Target System</title> <p>It is assumed that you have a working Erlang/OTP system structured according to the OTP Design Principles.</p> - <p><em>Step 1.</em> First create a <c>.rel</c> file (see - <c>rel(4)</c>) that specifies the <c>erts</c> version - and lists all applications that should be included in the new - basic target system. An example is the following + <p><em>Step 1.</em> First create a <c>.rel</c> file (see <seealso + marker="sasl:rel">rel(4)</seealso>) that specifies the <c>erts</c> + version and lists all applications that should be included in the + new basic target system. An example is the following <c>mysystem.rel</c> file:</p> <code type="none"> %% mysystem.rel {release, {"MYSYSTEM", "FIRST"}, - {erts, "5.1"}, - [{kernel, "2.7"}, - {stdlib, "1.10"}, - {sasl, "1.9.3"}, - {pea, "1.0"}]}. </code> + {erts, "5.10.4"}, + [{kernel, "2.16.4"}, + {stdlib, "1.19.4"}, + {sasl, "2.3.4"}, + {pea, "1.0"}]}.</code> <p>The listed applications are not only original Erlang/OTP applications but possibly also new applications that you have written yourself (here examplified by the application @@ -116,13 +117,13 @@ os> <input>erl -pa /home/user/target_system/myapps/pea-1.0/ebin</input></pre> <c>systools:make_tar/2</c>. That file has the following contents:</p> <code type="none"> -erts-5.1/bin/ +erts-5.10.4/bin/ releases/FIRST/start.boot releases/FIRST/mysystem.rel releases/mysystem.rel -lib/kernel-2.7/ -lib/stdlib-1.10/ -lib/sasl-1.9.3/ +lib/kernel-2.16.4/ +lib/stdlib-1.19.4/ +lib/sasl-2.3.4/ lib/pea-1.0/ </code> <p>The file <c>releases/FIRST/start.boot</c> is a copy of our <c>mysystem.boot</c></p> @@ -142,16 +143,19 @@ lib/pea-1.0/ </code> <item>Creates the temporary directory <c>tmp</c> and extracts the tar file <c>mysystem.tar.gz</c> into that directory. </item> <item>Deletes the <c>erl</c> and <c>start</c> files from - <c>tmp/erts-5.1/bin</c>. These files will be created again from + <c>tmp/erts-5.10.4/bin</c>. These files will be created again from source when installing the release.</item> <item>Creates the directory <c>tmp/bin</c>.</item> <item>Copies the previously created file <c>plain.boot</c> to <c>tmp/bin/start.boot</c>.</item> <item>Copies the files <c>epmd</c>, <c>run_erl</c>, and - <c>to_erl</c> from the directory <c>tmp/erts-5.1/bin</c> to + <c>to_erl</c> from the directory <c>tmp/erts-5.10.4/bin</c> to the directory <c>tmp/bin</c>.</item> + <item>Creates the directory <c>tmp/log</c>, which will be used + if the system is started as embedded with the <c>bin/start</c> + script.</item> <item>Creates the file <c>tmp/releases/start_erl.data</c> with - the contents "5.1 FIRST". This file is to be passed as data + the contents "5.10.4 FIRST". This file is to be passed as data file to the <c>start_erl</c> script. </item> <item>Recreates the file <c>mysystem.tar.gz</c> from the directories @@ -171,11 +175,11 @@ lib/pea-1.0/ </code> <item>Extracts the tar file <c>mysystem.tar.gz</c> into the target directory <c>/usr/local/erl-target</c>.</item> <item>In the target directory reads the file <c>releases/start_erl.data</c> - in order to find the Erlang runtime system version ("5.1").</item> + in order to find the Erlang runtime system version ("5.10.4").</item> <item>Substitutes <c>%FINAL_ROOTDIR%</c> and <c>%EMU%</c> for <c>/usr/local/erl-target</c> and <c>beam</c>, respectively, in the files <c>erl.src</c>, <c>start.src</c>, and - <c>start_erl.src</c> of the target <c>erts-5.1/bin</c> + <c>start_erl.src</c> of the target <c>erts-5.10.4/bin</c> directory, and puts the resulting files <c>erl</c>, <c>start</c>, and <c>run_erl</c> in the target <c>bin</c> directory.</item> @@ -185,6 +189,7 @@ lib/pea-1.0/ </code> </section> <section> + <marker id="start"/> <title>Starting a Target System</title> <p>Now we have a target system that can be started in various ways.</p> <p>We start it as a <em>basic target system</em> by invoking</p> @@ -193,7 +198,7 @@ os> <input>/usr/local/erl-target/bin/erl</input></pre> <p>where only the <c>kernel</c> and <c>stdlib</c> applications are started, i.e. the system is started as an ordinary development system. There are only two files needed for all this to work: - <c>bin/erl</c> file (obtained from <c>erts-5.1/bin/erl.src</c>) + <c>bin/erl</c> file (obtained from <c>erts-5.10.4/bin/erl.src</c>) and the <c>bin/start.boot</c> file (a copy of <c>plain.boot</c>).</p> <p>We can also start a distributed system (requires <c>bin/epmd</c>).</p> <p>To start all applications specified in the original @@ -208,9 +213,10 @@ os> <input>/usr/local/erl-target/bin/erl -boot /usr/local/erl-target/releases/FI <c>bin/run_erl</c>, which in turn calls <c>bin/start_erl</c> (roughly, <c>start_erl</c> is an embedded variant of <c>erl</c>). </p> - <p>The shell script <c>start</c> is only an example. You should - edit it to suite your needs. Typically it is executed when the - UNIX system boots.</p> + <p>The shell script <c>start</c>, which is generated from + erts-5.10.4/bin/start.src during installation, is only an + example. You should edit it to suite your needs. Typically it is + executed when the UNIX system boots.</p> <p><c>run_erl</c> is a wrapper that provides logging of output from the run-time system to file. It also provides a simple mechanism for attaching to the Erlang shell (<c>to_erl</c>).</p> @@ -218,7 +224,7 @@ os> <input>/usr/local/erl-target/bin/erl -boot /usr/local/erl-target/releases/FI (<c>"/usr/local/erl-target"</c>), the releases directory (<c>"/usr/local/erl-target/releases"</c>), and the location of the <c>start_erl.data</c> file. It reads the run-time system - version (<c>"5.1"</c>) and release version (<c>"FIRST"</c>) from + version (<c>"5.10.4"</c>) and release version (<c>"FIRST"</c>) from the <c>start_erl.data</c> file, starts the run-time system of the version found, and provides <c>-boot</c> flag specifying the boot file of the release version found @@ -258,6 +264,198 @@ os> <input>/usr/local/erl-target/bin/erl -boot /usr/local/erl-target/releases/FI </section> <section> + <title>Creating the Next Version</title> + + <p> + In this example the <c>pea</c> application has been changed, and + so are <c>erts</c>, <c>kernel</c>, <c>stdlib</c> and + <c>sasl</c>. + </p> + + <p> + <em>Step 1.</em> Create the <c>.rel</c> file: + </p> + <code type="none"> +%% mysystem2.rel +{release, + {"MYSYSTEM", "SECOND"}, + {erts, "6.0"}, + [{kernel, "3.0"}, + {stdlib, "2.0"}, + {sasl, "2.4"}, + {pea, "2.0"}]}.</code> + <p> + <em>Step 2.</em> Create the application upgrade file (see + <seealso marker="sasl:appup">appup(4)</seealso>) for <c>pea</c>, + for example: + </p> + <code type="none"> +%% pea.appup +{"2.0", + [{"1.0",[{load_module,pea_lib}]}], + [{"1.0",[{load_module,pea_lib}]}]}.</code> + <p> + <em>Step 3.</em> From the directory where the + <c>mysystem2.rel</c> file reside, start the Erlang/OTP system: + </p> + <pre> +os> <input>erl -pa /home/user/target_system/myapps/pea-2.0/ebin</input></pre> + <p>giving the path to the new version of <c>pea</c>. </p> + + <p> + <em>Step 4.</em> Create the release upgrade file (see <seealso + marker="sasl:relup">relup(4)</seealso>): + </p> + <pre> +1> <input>systools:make_relup("mysystem2",["mysystem"],["mysystem"],[{path,["/home/user/target_system/myapps/pea-1.0/ebin","/my/old/erlang/lib/*/ebin"]}]).</input></pre> + <p> + where <c>"mysystem"</c> is the base release and + <c>"mysystem2"</c> is the release to upgrade to. + </p> + <p> + Note that the <c>path</c> option is used for pointing out the + old version of all applications. (The new versions are already + in the code path - assuming of course that the erlang node on + which this is executed is running the correct version of + Erlang/OTP.) + </p> + <p> + <em>Step 5.</em> Create the new release: + </p> + <pre> +2> <input>target_system:create("mysystem2").</input></pre> + <p> + Given that the <c>relup</c> file generated in step 4 above is + now located in the current directory, it will automatically be + included in the release package. + </p> + </section> + + <section> + <title>Upgrading the Target System</title> + <p> + This part is done on the target node, and for this example we + want the node to be running as an embedded system with the + <c>-heart</c> option, allowing automatic restart of the + node. See <seealso marker="#start">Starting a Target + System</seealso> above for more information. + </p> + <p> + We add <c>-heart</c> to <c>bin/start</c>: + </p> + <code type="none"> +#!/bin/sh +ROOTDIR=/usr/local/erl-target/ + +if [ -z "$RELDIR" ] +then + RELDIR=$ROOTDIR/releases +fi + +START_ERL_DATA=${1:-$RELDIR/start_erl.data} + +$ROOTDIR/bin/run_erl -daemon /tmp/ $ROOTDIR/log "exec $ROOTDIR/bin/start_erl $ROOTDIR $RELDIR $START_ERL_DATA -heart</code> + <p> + And we use the simplest possible <c>sys.config</c>, which we + store in <c>releases/FIRST</c>: + </p> + <code type="none"> +%% sys.config +[].</code> + <p> + Finally, in order to prepare the upgrade, we need to put the new + release package in the <c>releases</c> directory of the first + target system: + </p> + <pre> +os> <input>cp mysystem2.tar.gz /usr/local/erl-target/releases</input></pre> + <p> + And assuming that the node has been started like this: + </p> + <pre> +os> <input>/usr/local/erl-target/bin/start</input></pre> + <p> + it can be accessed like this: + </p> + <pre> +os> <input>/usr/local/erl-target/bin/to_erl /tmp/erlang.pipe.1</input></pre> + <p> + Also note that logs can be found in + <c>/usr/local/erl-target/log</c>. This directory is specified as + an argument to <c>run_erl</c>in the start script listed above. + </p> + <p> + <em>Step 1.</em> Unpack the release: + </p> + <pre> +1> <input>{ok,Vsn} = release_handler:unpack_release("mysystem2").</input></pre> + <p> + <em>Step 2.</em> Install the release: + </p> + <pre> +2> <input>release_handler:install_release(Vsn).</input> +<output>{continue_after_restart,"FIRST",[]} +heart: Tue Apr 1 12:15:10 2014: Erlang has closed. +heart: Tue Apr 1 12:15:11 2014: Executed "/usr/local/erl-target/bin/start /usr/local/erl-target/releases/new_start_erl.data" -> 0. Terminating. +[End]</output></pre> + <p> + The above return value and output after the call to + <c>release_handler:install_release/1</c> means that the + <c>release_handler</c> has restarted the node by using + <c>heart</c>. This will always be done when the upgrade involves + a change of <c>erts</c>, <c>kernel</c>, <c>stdlib</c> or + <c>sasl</c>. See <seealso marker="upgrade">Upgrade when + Erlang/OTP has Changed</seealso> for more infomation about this. + </p> + <p> + The node will be accessable via a new pipe: + </p> + <pre> +os> <input>/usr/local/erl-target/bin/to_erl /tmp/erlang.pipe.2</input></pre> + <p> + Let's see which releases we have in our system: + </p> + <pre> +1> <input>release_handler:which_releases().</input> +<output>[{"MYSYSTEM","SECOND", + ["kernel-3.0","stdlib-2.0","sasl-2.4","pea-2.0"], + current}, + {"MYSYSTEM","FIRST", + ["kernel-2.16.4","stdlib-1.19.4","sasl-2.3.4","pea-1.0"], + permanent}]</output></pre> + <p> + Our new release, "SECOND", is now the current release, but we + can also see that our "FIRST" release is still permanent. This + means that if the node would be restarted at this point, it + would come up running the "FIRST" release again. + </p> + <p> + <em>Step 3.</em> Make the new release permanent: + </p> + <pre> +2> <input>release_handler:make_permanent("SECOND").</input></pre> + + <p> + Now look at the releases again: + </p> + + <pre> +3> <input>release_handler:which_releases().</input> +<output>[{"MYSYSTEM","SECOND", + ["kernel-3.0","stdlib-2.0","sasl-2.4","pea-2.0"], + permanent}, + {"MYSYSTEM","FIRST", + ["kernel-2.16.4","stdlib-1.19.4","sasl-2.3.4","pea-1.0"], + old}]</output></pre> + + <p> + Here we see that the new release version is <c>permanent</c>, so + it would be safe to restart the node. + </p> + + </section> + + <section> <title>Listing of target_system.erl</title> <p>This module can also be found in the <c>examples</c> directory of the <c>sasl</c> application.</p> diff --git a/system/doc/system_principles/error_logging.xml b/system/doc/system_principles/error_logging.xml index 3cb290227e..80d5211323 100644 --- a/system/doc/system_principles/error_logging.xml +++ b/system/doc/system_principles/error_logging.xml @@ -1,10 +1,10 @@ -<?xml version="1.0" encoding="latin1" ?> +<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?> <!DOCTYPE chapter SYSTEM "chapter.dtd"> <chapter> <header> <copyright> - <year>2003</year><year>2009</year> + <year>2003</year><year>2013</year> <holder>Ericsson AB. All Rights Reserved.</holder> </copyright> <legalnotice> diff --git a/system/doc/system_principles/part.xml b/system/doc/system_principles/part.xml index 94bb29be57..d05c89fde8 100644 --- a/system/doc/system_principles/part.xml +++ b/system/doc/system_principles/part.xml @@ -1,10 +1,10 @@ -<?xml version="1.0" encoding="latin1" ?> +<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?> <!DOCTYPE part SYSTEM "part.dtd"> <part xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"> <header> <copyright> - <year>1997</year><year>2009</year> + <year>1997</year><year>2014</year> <holder>Ericsson AB. All Rights Reserved.</holder> </copyright> <legalnotice> @@ -31,5 +31,6 @@ <xi:include href="system_principles.xml"/> <xi:include href="error_logging.xml"/> <xi:include href="create_target.xml"/> + <xi:include href="upgrade.xml"/> + <xi:include href="versions.xml"/> </part> - diff --git a/system/doc/system_principles/system_principles.xml b/system/doc/system_principles/system_principles.xml index 42db8ede03..70c69b1dab 100644 --- a/system/doc/system_principles/system_principles.xml +++ b/system/doc/system_principles/system_principles.xml @@ -1,10 +1,10 @@ -<?xml version="1.0" encoding="latin1" ?> +<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?> <!DOCTYPE chapter SYSTEM "chapter.dtd"> <chapter> <header> <copyright> - <year>1996</year><year>2013</year> + <year>1996</year><year>2014</year> <holder>Ericsson AB. All Rights Reserved.</holder> </copyright> <legalnotice> @@ -34,13 +34,12 @@ <p>An Erlang runtime system is started with the command <c>erl</c>:</p> <pre> % <input>erl</input> -Erlang (BEAM) emulator version 5.2.3.5 [hipe] [threads:0] +Erlang/OTP 17 [erts-6.0] [hipe] [smp:8:8] -Eshell V5.2.3.5 (abort with ^G) +Eshell V6.0 (abort with ^G) 1> </pre> <p><c>erl</c> understands a number of command line arguments, see - <c>erl(1)</c>. A number of them are also described in this - chapter.</p> + <c>erl(1)</c>. A number of them are also described in this chapter.</p> <p>Application programs can access the values of the command line arguments by calling one of the functions <c>init:get_argument(Key)</c>, or <c>init:get_arguments()</c>. diff --git a/system/doc/system_principles/upgrade.xml b/system/doc/system_principles/upgrade.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..68e48da0b8 --- /dev/null +++ b/system/doc/system_principles/upgrade.xml @@ -0,0 +1,118 @@ +<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?> +<!DOCTYPE chapter SYSTEM "chapter.dtd"> + +<chapter> + <header> + <copyright> + <year>2014</year> + <holder>Ericsson AB. All Rights Reserved.</holder> + </copyright> + <legalnotice> + The contents of this file are subject to the Erlang Public License, + Version 1.1, (the "License"); you may not use this file except in + compliance with the License. You should have received a copy of the + Erlang Public License along with this software. If not, it can be + retrieved online at http://www.erlang.org/. + + Software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" + basis, WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See + the License for the specific language governing rights and limitations + under the License. + + </legalnotice> + + <title>Upgrade when Erlang/OTP has Changed</title> + <prepared></prepared> + <responsible></responsible> + <docno></docno> + <approved></approved> + <checked></checked> + <date>2014-02-19</date> + <rev></rev> + <file>upgrade.xml</file> + </header> + + <section> + <title>Introduction</title> + <p> + As of Erlang/OTP 17, most applications deliver a valid + application upgrade (<c>appup</c>) file. In earlier releases, a + majority of the applications in Erlang/OTP did not support + upgrade at all. Many of the applications use the + <c>restart_application</c> instruction. These are applications + for which it is not crucial to support real soft upgrade, for + instance tools and library applications. The + <c>restart_application</c> instruction + ensures that all modules in the application are reloaded and + thereby running the new code. + </p> + </section> + + <section> + <title>Upgrade of core applications</title> + <p> + The core applications ERTS, Kernel, STDLIB + and SASL never allow real soft upgrade, but require the + Erlang emulator to be restarted. This is indicated to the + <c>release_handler</c> by the upgrade instruction + <c>restart_new_emulator</c>. This instruction will always be the + very first instruction executed, and it will restart the + emulator with the new versions of the above mentioned core + applications and the old versions of all other + applications. When the node is back up all other upgrade instructions are + executed, making sure each application is finally running its + new version. + </p> + + <p> + It might seem strange to do a two-step upgrade instead of + just restarting the emulator with the new version of all + applications. The reason for this design decision is to allow + <c>code_change</c> functions to have side effects, for example changing + data on disk. It also makes sure that the upgrade mechanism for + non-core applications does not differ depending on whether or not + core applications are changed at the same time. + </p> + + <p> + If, however, the more brutal variant is preferred, it is + possible to handwrite the release upgrade file using only the + single upgrade instruction <c>restart_emulator</c>. This + instruction, in contrast to <c>restart_new_emulator</c>, will + cause the emulator to restart with the new versions of + <em>all</em> applications. + </p> + + <p> + <em>Note</em> that if other instructions are included before + <c>restart_emulator</c> in the handwritten <c>relup</c> file, + they will be executed in the old emulator. This is a big risk + since there is no guarantee that new beam code can be loaded + into the old emulator. Adding instructions after + <c>restart_emulator</c> has no effect as the + <c>release_handler</c> will not do any attempt at executing + them. + </p> + + <p> + See <seealso marker="sasl:relup">relup(4)</seealso> for + information about the release upgrade file, and <seealso + marker="sasl:appup">appup(4)</seealso> for further information + about upgrade instructions. + </p> + </section> + + <section> + <title>Applications that still do not allow code upgrade</title> + <p> + A few applications, for instance HiPE do not support + upgrade at all. This is indicated by an application upgrade file + containing only <c>{Vsn,[],[]}</c>. Any attempt at creating a release + upgrade file with such input will fail. + The only way to force an upgrade involving applications like this is to + handwrite the <c>relup</c> file, preferably as described above + with only the <c>restart_emulator</c> instruction. + </p> + + </section> +</chapter> diff --git a/system/doc/system_principles/versions.xml b/system/doc/system_principles/versions.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..c63913d867 --- /dev/null +++ b/system/doc/system_principles/versions.xml @@ -0,0 +1,267 @@ +<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?> +<!DOCTYPE chapter SYSTEM "chapter.dtd"> + +<chapter> + <header> + <copyright> + <year>2014</year> + <holder>Ericsson AB. All Rights Reserved.</holder> + </copyright> + <legalnotice> + The contents of this file are subject to the Erlang Public License, + Version 1.1, (the "License"); you may not use this file except in + compliance with the License. You should have received a copy of the + Erlang Public License along with this software. If not, it can be + retrieved online at http://www.erlang.org/. + + Software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" + basis, WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See + the License for the specific language governing rights and limitations + under the License. + + </legalnotice> + + <title>Versions</title> + <prepared></prepared> + <responsible></responsible> + <docno></docno> + <approved></approved> + <checked></checked> + <date>2014-02-19</date> + <rev></rev> + <file>versions.xml</file> + </header> + <section><title>OTP Version</title> + <p>As of OTP release 17, the OTP release number corresponds to + the major part of the OTP version. The OTP version as a concept was + introduced in OTP 17. The <seealso marker="#version_scheme">version + scheme</seealso> used is described in more detail below.</p> + + <p>OTP of a specific version is a set of applications of specific + versions. The application versions identified by an OTP version + corresponds to application versions that have been tested together + by the Erlang/OTP team at Ericsson AB. An OTP system can however be + put together with applications from different OTP versions. Such a + combination of application versions has not been tested by the + Erlang/OTP team. It is therefore <em>always preferred to use OTP + applications from one single OTP version</em>.</p> + + <p>Release candidates have an <c>-rc<N></c> + suffix. The suffix <c>-rc0</c> will be used during development up to + the first release candidate.</p> + + <section><title>Retrieving Current OTP Version</title> + <p>In an OTP source code tree, the OTP version can be read from + the text file <c><OTP source root>/OTP_VERSION</c>. The + absolute path to the file can be constructed by calling + <c>filename:join([<seealso marker="kernel:code#root_dir/0">code:root_dir()</seealso>, "OTP_VERSION"])</c>.</p> + <p>In an installed OTP development system, the OTP version can be read + from the text file <c><OTP installation root>/releases/<OTP release number>/OTP_VERSION</c>. + The absolute path to the file can by constructed by calling + <c>filename:join([<seealso marker="kernel:code#root_dir/0">code:root_dir()</seealso>, "releases", <seealso marker="erts:erlang#system_info_otp_release">erlang:system_info(otp_release)</seealso>, "OTP_VERSION"]).</c></p> + <p>If the version read from the <c>OTP_VERSION</c> file in a + development system has a <c>**</c> suffix, the system has been + patched using the <c>otp_patch_apply</c> tool available to + licensed customers. In this case, the system consists of application + versions from multiple OTP versions. The version preceding the <c>**</c> + suffix corresponds to the OTP version of the base system that + has been patched. Note that if a development system is updated by + other means than <c>otp_patch_apply</c>, the <c>OTP_VERSION</c> file + may identify wrong OTP version.</p> + + <p>No <c>OTP_VERSION</c> file will be placed in a + <seealso marker="create_target">target system</seealso> created + by OTP tools. This since one easily can create a target system + where it is hard to even determine the base OTP version. You may, + however, place such a file there yourself if you know the OTP + version.</p> + </section> + + <section><title>OTP Versions Table</title> + <p>The text file <c><OTP source root>/otp_versions.table</c> that + is part of the source code contains information about all OTP versions + from OTP 17.0 up to current OTP version. Each line contains information + about application versions that are part of a specific OTP version, and + is on the format:</p> +<pre> +<OtpVersion> : <ChangedAppVersions> # <UnchangedAppVersions> : +</pre> + <p><c><OtpVersion></c> is on the format <c>OTP-<VSN></c>, i.e., + the same as the git tag used to identify the source. + <c><ChangedAppVersions></c> and <c><UnchangedAppVersions></c> + are space separated lists of application versions on the + format <c><application>-<vsn></c>. + <c><ChangedAppVersions></c> corresponds to changed applications + with new version numbers in this OTP version, and + <c><UnchangedAppVersions></c> corresponds to unchanged application + versions in this OTP version. Both of them might be empty, although + not at the same time. If <ChangedAppVersions> is empty, no changes + has been made that change the build result of any application. This could + for example be a pure bug fix of the build system. The order of lines + is undefined. All white space characters in this file are either space + (character 32) or line-break (character 10).</p> + <p>Using ordinary UNIX tools like <c>sed</c> and <c>grep</c> one + can easily find answers to various questions like:</p> + <taglist> + <tag>Which OTP versions are <c>kernel-3.0</c> part of?</tag> + <item><p><c> $ grep ' kernel-3\.0 ' otp_versions.table</c></p></item> + <tag>In which OTP version was <c>kernel-3.0</c> introduced?</tag> + <item><p><c> $ sed 's/#.*//;/ kernel-3\.0 /!d' otp_versions.table</c></p></item> + </taglist> + <p>The above commands give a bit more information than the exact answers, + but adequate information when manually searching for answers to these + questions.</p> + <warning><p>The format of the <c>otp_versions.table</c> might be subject + to changes during the OTP 17 release.</p></warning> + </section> + </section> + + <section><title>Application Version</title> + <p>As of OTP 17.0 application versions will use the same + <seealso marker="#version_scheme">version scheme</seealso> as the + OTP version. Application versions part of a release candidate will + however not have an <c>-rc<N></c> suffix as the OTP version. + Also note that a major increment in an application version does not + necessarily imply a major increment of the OTP version. This depends + on whether the major change in the application is considered as a + major change for OTP as a whole or not.</p> + </section> + + <marker id="version_scheme"/> + <section><title>Version Scheme</title> + <note>Note that the version scheme was changed as of OTP 17.0. This implies + that application versions used prior to OTP 17.0 do not adhere to this + version scheme. <seealso marker="#otp_17_0_app_versions">A list of + application versions used in OTP 17.0</seealso> can be found + at the end of this document.</note> + + <p>In the normal case, a version will be constructed as + <c><Major>.<Minor>.<Patch></c> where <c><Major></c> + is the most significant part. However, more dot separated parts than + this may exist. The dot separated parts consists of non-negative integers. + If all parts less significant than <c><Minor></c> equals <c>0</c>, + they are omitted. The three normal parts + <c><Major>.<Minor>.<Patch></c> will be changed as + follows:</p> + <taglist> + <tag><c><Major></c></tag><item>Increased when major changes, + including incompatibilities, have been made.</item> + <tag><c><Minor></c></tag><item>Increased when new functionality + has been added.</item> + <tag><c><Patch></c></tag><item>Increased when pure bug fixes + have been made.</item> + </taglist> + <p>When a part in the version number is increased, all less significant + parts are set to <c>0</c>.</p> + + <p>An application version or an OTP version identifies source code + versions. That is, it does not imply anything about how the application + or OTP has been built.</p> + + <section><title>Order of Versions</title> + <p>Version numbers in general are only partially ordered. However, + normal version numbers (with three parts) as of OTP 17.0 have a total + or linear order. This applies both to normal OTP versions and + normal application versions.</p> + + <p>When comparing two version numbers that have an order, one + compare each part as ordinary integers from the most + significant part towards less significant parts. The order is + defined by the first parts of the same significance that + differ. An OTP version with a larger version include all + changes that that are part of a smaller OTP version. The same + goes for application versions.</p> + + <p>In the general case, versions may have more than three parts. In + this case the versions are only partially ordered. Note that such + versions are only used in exceptional cases. When an extra + part (out of the normal three parts) is added to a version number, + a new branch of versions is made. The new branch has a linear + order against the base version. However, versions on different + branches have no order. Since they have no order, we + only know that they all include what is included in their + closest common ancestor. When branching multiple times from the + same base version, <c>0</c> parts are added between the base + version and the least significant <c>1</c> part until a unique + version is found. Versions that have an order can be compared + as described in the paragraph above.</p> + + <p>An example of branched versions: The version <c>6.0.2.1</c> + is a branched version from the base version <c>6.0.2</c>. + Versions on the form <c>6.0.2.<X></c> can be compared + with normal versions smaller than or equal to <c>6.0.2</c>, + and other versions on the form <c>6.0.2.<X></c>. The + version <c>6.0.2.1</c> will include all changes in + <c>6.0.2</c>. However, <c>6.0.3</c> will most likely + <em>not</em> include all changes in <c>6.0.2.1</c> (note that + these versions have no order). A second branched version from the base + version <c>6.0.2</c> will be version <c>6.0.2.0.1</c>, and a + third branched version will be <c>6.0.2.0.0.1</c>.</p> + </section> + </section> + + <marker id="otp_17_0_app_versions"/> + <section><title>OTP 17.0 Application Versions</title> + <p>The following application versions were part of OTP 17.0. If + the normal part of an applications version number compares + as smaller than the corresponding application version in this list, + the version number does not adhere to the version scheme introduced + in OTP 17.0 and should be considered as not having an order against + versions used as of OTP 17.0.</p> + <list> + <item><c>asn1-3.0</c></item> + <item><c>common_test-1.8</c></item> + <item><c>compiler-5.0</c></item> + <item><c>cosEvent-2.1.15</c></item> + <item><c>cosEventDomain-1.1.14</c></item> + <item><c>cosFileTransfer-1.1.16</c></item> + <item><c>cosNotification-1.1.21</c></item> + <item><c>cosProperty-1.1.17</c></item> + <item><c>cosTime-1.1.14</c></item> + <item><c>cosTransactions-1.2.14</c></item> + <item><c>crypto-3.3</c></item> + <item><c>debugger-4.0</c></item> + <item><c>dialyzer-2.7</c></item> + <item><c>diameter-1.6</c></item> + <item><c>edoc-0.7.13</c></item> + <item><c>eldap-1.0.3</c></item> + <item><c>erl_docgen-0.3.5</c></item> + <item><c>erl_interface-3.7.16</c></item> + <item><c>erts-6.0</c></item> + <item><c>et-1.5</c></item> + <item><c>eunit-2.2.7</c></item> + <item><c>gs-1.5.16</c></item> + <item><c>hipe-3.10.3</c></item> + <item><c>ic-4.3.5</c></item> + <item><c>inets-5.10</c></item> + <item><c>jinterface-1.5.9</c></item> + <item><c>kernel-3.0</c></item> + <item><c>megaco-3.17.1</c></item> + <item><c>mnesia-4.12</c></item> + <item><c>observer-2.0</c></item> + <item><c>odbc-2.10.20</c></item> + <item><c>orber-3.6.27</c></item> + <item><c>os_mon-2.2.15</c></item> + <item><c>ose-1.0</c></item> + <item><c>otp_mibs-1.0.9</c></item> + <item><c>parsetools-2.0.11</c></item> + <item><c>percept-0.8.9</c></item> + <item><c>public_key-0.22</c></item> + <item><c>reltool-0.6.5</c></item> + <item><c>runtime_tools-1.8.14</c></item> + <item><c>sasl-2.4</c></item> + <item><c>snmp-4.25.1</c></item> + <item><c>ssh-3.0.1</c></item> + <item><c>ssl-5.3.4</c></item> + <item><c>stdlib-2.0</c></item> + <item><c>syntax_tools-1.6.14</c></item> + <item><c>test_server-3.7</c></item> + <item><c>tools-2.6.14</c></item> + <item><c>typer-0.9.6</c></item> + <item><c>webtool-0.8.10</c></item> + <item><c>wx-1.2</c></item> + <item><c>xmerl-1.3.7</c></item> + </list> + </section> +</chapter> + diff --git a/system/doc/system_principles/xmlfiles.mk b/system/doc/system_principles/xmlfiles.mk index 4cbc00ed52..c60ffbad28 100644 --- a/system/doc/system_principles/xmlfiles.mk +++ b/system/doc/system_principles/xmlfiles.mk @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ # # %CopyrightBegin% # -# Copyright Ericsson AB 2009. All Rights Reserved. +# Copyright Ericsson AB 2009-2014. All Rights Reserved. # # The contents of this file are subject to the Erlang Public License, # Version 1.1, (the "License"); you may not use this file except in @@ -19,4 +19,6 @@ SYSTEM_PRINCIPLES_CHAPTER_FILES = \ system_principles.xml \ error_logging.xml \ - create_target.xml + create_target.xml \ + upgrade.xml \ + versions.xml diff --git a/system/doc/top/Makefile b/system/doc/top/Makefile index 20ef9fe781..319f08f010 100644 --- a/system/doc/top/Makefile +++ b/system/doc/top/Makefile @@ -114,7 +114,7 @@ $(INDEX_SCRIPT): $(INDEX_SRC) $(ERLC) -o$(EBIN) +warn_unused_vars $< # We don't list toc_*.html as targets because we don't know -$(HTMLDIR)/index.html + $(HTMLDIR)/applications.html: $(INDEX_SCRIPT) +$(HTMLDIR)/index.html + $(HTMLDIR)/applications.html: $(INDEX_SCRIPT) $(TEMPLATES) echo "Generating index $@" # Check if we are building the index from source or an installed release if test "$$RELEASE_ROOT" = "" ; then \ @@ -198,7 +198,7 @@ $(GLOSSARY): $(GLOSSARY_SCRIPT) #-------------------------------------------------------------------------- -PR.template: PR.template.src $(ERL_TOP)/erts/vsn.mk +PR.template: PR.template.src $(ERL_TOP)/make/$(TARGET)/otp.mk sed -e 's;%VSN%;$(VSN);' \ -e 's;%SYSTEM_VSN%;$(SYSTEM_VSN);' \ $< > $@ diff --git a/system/doc/top/book.xml b/system/doc/top/book.xml index 96f39b0b83..600f87e0ae 100644 --- a/system/doc/top/book.xml +++ b/system/doc/top/book.xml @@ -1,10 +1,10 @@ -<?xml version="1.0" encoding="latin1" ?> +<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?> <!DOCTYPE book SYSTEM "book.dtd"> <book xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"> <header titlestyle="normal"> <copyright> - <year>1997</year><year>2009</year> + <year>1997</year><year>2013</year> <holder>Ericsson AB. All Rights Reserved.</holder> </copyright> <legalnotice> diff --git a/system/doc/top/templates/index.html.src b/system/doc/top/templates/index.html.src index a176bc9a14..7acdadbf8a 100644 --- a/system/doc/top/templates/index.html.src +++ b/system/doc/top/templates/index.html.src @@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ <!-- %CopyrightBegin% -Copyright Ericsson AB 2009-2013. All Rights Reserved. +Copyright Ericsson AB 2009-2014. All Rights Reserved. The contents of this file are subject to the Erlang Public License, Version 1.1, (the "License"); you may not use this file except in @@ -104,10 +104,16 @@ In addition to the documentation here Erlang is described in several recent book </p> <ul> <li> +<a href="http://shop.oreilly.com/product/0636920025818.do">"Introducing Erlang"</a> from O'Reilly. +</li> +<li> +<a href="http://www.nostarch.com/erlang">"Learn You Some Erlang for Great Good!"</a> from nostarch. +</li> +<li> <a href="http://oreilly.com/catalog/9780596518189">"Erlang Programming"</a> from O'Reilly. </li> <li> -<a href="http://www.pragprog.com/titles/jaerlang">"Programming Erlang"</a> from Pragmatic. +<a href="http://www.pragprog.com/book/jaerlang2/programming-erlang">"Programming Erlang"</a> from Pragmatic. </li> <li> <a href="http://www.manning.com/logan">"Erlang and OTP in Action"</a> from Manning. diff --git a/system/doc/tutorial/appendix.xmlsrc b/system/doc/tutorial/appendix.xmlsrc index faa6319df2..418df30bc8 100644 --- a/system/doc/tutorial/appendix.xmlsrc +++ b/system/doc/tutorial/appendix.xmlsrc @@ -1,10 +1,10 @@ -<?xml version="1.0" encoding="latin1" ?> +<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?> <!DOCTYPE chapter SYSTEM "chapter.dtd"> <chapter> <header> <copyright> - <year>2000</year><year>2009</year> + <year>2000</year><year>2013</year> <holder>Ericsson AB. All Rights Reserved.</holder> </copyright> <legalnotice> diff --git a/system/doc/tutorial/book.xml b/system/doc/tutorial/book.xml index 1273bbb865..57c2ac4373 100644 --- a/system/doc/tutorial/book.xml +++ b/system/doc/tutorial/book.xml @@ -1,10 +1,10 @@ -<?xml version="1.0" encoding="latin1" ?> +<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?> <!DOCTYPE book SYSTEM "book.dtd"> <book xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"> <header titlestyle="normal"> <copyright> - <year>2000</year><year>2009</year> + <year>2000</year><year>2013</year> <holder>Ericsson AB. All Rights Reserved.</holder> </copyright> <legalnotice> diff --git a/system/doc/tutorial/c_port.xmlsrc b/system/doc/tutorial/c_port.xmlsrc index b139fe0678..8579da8520 100644 --- a/system/doc/tutorial/c_port.xmlsrc +++ b/system/doc/tutorial/c_port.xmlsrc @@ -1,10 +1,10 @@ -<?xml version="1.0" encoding="latin1" ?> +<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?> <!DOCTYPE chapter SYSTEM "chapter.dtd"> <chapter> <header> <copyright> - <year>2000</year><year>2011</year> + <year>2000</year><year>2013</year> <holder>Ericsson AB. All Rights Reserved.</holder> </copyright> <legalnotice> diff --git a/system/doc/tutorial/c_portdriver.xmlsrc b/system/doc/tutorial/c_portdriver.xmlsrc index 09a89f792a..421ea63f33 100644 --- a/system/doc/tutorial/c_portdriver.xmlsrc +++ b/system/doc/tutorial/c_portdriver.xmlsrc @@ -1,10 +1,10 @@ -<?xml version="1.0" encoding="latin1" ?> +<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?> <!DOCTYPE chapter SYSTEM "chapter.dtd"> <chapter> <header> <copyright> - <year>2000</year><year>2012</year> + <year>2000</year><year>2013</year> <holder>Ericsson AB. All Rights Reserved.</holder> </copyright> <legalnotice> diff --git a/system/doc/tutorial/cnode.xmlsrc b/system/doc/tutorial/cnode.xmlsrc index a5443104de..293406160f 100644 --- a/system/doc/tutorial/cnode.xmlsrc +++ b/system/doc/tutorial/cnode.xmlsrc @@ -1,10 +1,10 @@ -<?xml version="1.0" encoding="latin1" ?> +<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?> <!DOCTYPE chapter SYSTEM "chapter.dtd"> <chapter> <header> <copyright> - <year>2000</year><year>2009</year> + <year>2000</year><year>2013</year> <holder>Ericsson AB. All Rights Reserved.</holder> </copyright> <legalnotice> diff --git a/system/doc/tutorial/distribution.xml b/system/doc/tutorial/distribution.xml index 54d352dd5a..6a0ea759c4 100644 --- a/system/doc/tutorial/distribution.xml +++ b/system/doc/tutorial/distribution.xml @@ -1,10 +1,10 @@ -<?xml version="1.0" encoding="latin1" ?> +<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?> <!DOCTYPE chapter SYSTEM "chapter.dtd"> <chapter> <header> <copyright> - <year>2000</year><year>2009</year> + <year>2000</year><year>2013</year> <holder>Ericsson AB. All Rights Reserved.</holder> </copyright> <legalnotice> diff --git a/system/doc/tutorial/erl_interface.xmlsrc b/system/doc/tutorial/erl_interface.xmlsrc index 752eec1d3e..0c4c5a99c2 100644 --- a/system/doc/tutorial/erl_interface.xmlsrc +++ b/system/doc/tutorial/erl_interface.xmlsrc @@ -1,10 +1,10 @@ -<?xml version="1.0" encoding="latin1" ?> +<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?> <!DOCTYPE chapter SYSTEM "chapter.dtd"> <chapter> <header> <copyright> - <year>2000</year><year>2009</year> + <year>2000</year><year>2013</year> <holder>Ericsson AB. All Rights Reserved.</holder> </copyright> <legalnotice> diff --git a/system/doc/tutorial/example.xmlsrc b/system/doc/tutorial/example.xmlsrc index 7ee2ef6ff3..f87eb217e9 100644 --- a/system/doc/tutorial/example.xmlsrc +++ b/system/doc/tutorial/example.xmlsrc @@ -1,10 +1,10 @@ -<?xml version="1.0" encoding="latin1" ?> +<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?> <!DOCTYPE chapter SYSTEM "chapter.dtd"> <chapter> <header> <copyright> - <year>2000</year><year>2009</year> + <year>2000</year><year>2013</year> <holder>Ericsson AB. All Rights Reserved.</holder> </copyright> <legalnotice> diff --git a/system/doc/tutorial/introduction.xml b/system/doc/tutorial/introduction.xml index 0a761f77fb..ed86a00f76 100644 --- a/system/doc/tutorial/introduction.xml +++ b/system/doc/tutorial/introduction.xml @@ -1,10 +1,10 @@ -<?xml version="1.0" encoding="latin1" ?> +<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?> <!DOCTYPE chapter SYSTEM "chapter.dtd"> <chapter> <header> <copyright> - <year>2000</year><year>2009</year> + <year>2000</year><year>2013</year> <holder>Ericsson AB. All Rights Reserved.</holder> </copyright> <legalnotice> diff --git a/system/doc/tutorial/nif.xmlsrc b/system/doc/tutorial/nif.xmlsrc index 79cef31160..8ddad60f74 100644 --- a/system/doc/tutorial/nif.xmlsrc +++ b/system/doc/tutorial/nif.xmlsrc @@ -1,10 +1,10 @@ -<?xml version="1.0" encoding="latin1" ?> +<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?> <!DOCTYPE chapter SYSTEM "chapter.dtd"> <chapter> <header> <copyright> - <year>2000</year><year>2011</year> + <year>2000</year><year>2013</year> <holder>Ericsson AB. All Rights Reserved.</holder> </copyright> <legalnotice> diff --git a/system/doc/tutorial/overview.xml b/system/doc/tutorial/overview.xml index b8a9b88a86..1fe1aad22b 100644 --- a/system/doc/tutorial/overview.xml +++ b/system/doc/tutorial/overview.xml @@ -1,10 +1,10 @@ -<?xml version="1.0" encoding="latin1" ?> +<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?> <!DOCTYPE chapter SYSTEM "chapter.dtd"> <chapter> <header> <copyright> - <year>2000</year><year>2009</year> + <year>2000</year><year>2013</year> <holder>Ericsson AB. All Rights Reserved.</holder> </copyright> <legalnotice> diff --git a/system/doc/tutorial/part.xml b/system/doc/tutorial/part.xml index ff73b668c0..f33bd97e29 100644 --- a/system/doc/tutorial/part.xml +++ b/system/doc/tutorial/part.xml @@ -1,10 +1,10 @@ -<?xml version="1.0" encoding="latin1" ?> +<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?> <!DOCTYPE part SYSTEM "part.dtd"> <part xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"> <header> <copyright> - <year>2000</year><year>2010</year> + <year>2000</year><year>2013</year> <holder>Ericsson AB. All Rights Reserved.</holder> </copyright> <legalnotice> |