aboutsummaryrefslogtreecommitdiffstats
path: root/system
diff options
context:
space:
mode:
Diffstat (limited to 'system')
-rw-r--r--system/doc/design_principles/appup_cookbook.xml61
-rw-r--r--system/doc/design_principles/make.dep31
-rw-r--r--system/doc/design_principles/release_handling.xml52
-rw-r--r--system/doc/design_principles/sup_princ.xml7
-rw-r--r--system/doc/efficiency_guide/make.dep16
-rw-r--r--system/doc/embedded/make.dep14
-rw-r--r--system/doc/getting_started/make.dep14
-rw-r--r--system/doc/installation_guide/make.dep13
-rw-r--r--system/doc/oam/make.dep26
-rw-r--r--system/doc/programming_examples/make.dep20
-rw-r--r--system/doc/reference_manual/code_loading.xml4
-rw-r--r--system/doc/reference_manual/distributed.xml6
-rw-r--r--system/doc/reference_manual/expressions.xml24
-rw-r--r--system/doc/reference_manual/macros.xml2
-rw-r--r--system/doc/reference_manual/make.dep16
-rw-r--r--[-rwxr-xr-x]system/doc/reference_manual/typespec.xml0
-rw-r--r--system/doc/system_architecture_intro/make.dep13
-rw-r--r--system/doc/system_principles/make.dep14
-rw-r--r--system/doc/tutorial/make.dep35
19 files changed, 119 insertions, 249 deletions
diff --git a/system/doc/design_principles/appup_cookbook.xml b/system/doc/design_principles/appup_cookbook.xml
index bc61578953..798b23d847 100644
--- a/system/doc/design_principles/appup_cookbook.xml
+++ b/system/doc/design_principles/appup_cookbook.xml
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
<chapter>
<header>
<copyright>
- <year>2003</year><year>2009</year>
+ <year>2003</year><year>2011</year>
<holder>Ericsson AB. All Rights Reserved.</holder>
</copyright>
<legalnotice>
@@ -603,25 +603,60 @@ code_change(_OldVsn, State, port) ->
</section>
<section>
- <title>Emulator Restart</title>
- <p>If the emulator can or should be restarted, the very simple
- <c>.relup</c> file can be created manually:</p>
+ <title>Emulator Restart and Upgrade</title>
+ <p>There are two upgrade instructions that will restart the emulator:</p>
+ <taglist>
+ <tag><c>restart_new_emulator</c></tag>
+ <item>Intended for when erts, kernel, stdlib or sasl is
+ upgraded. It is automatically added when the relup file is
+ generated by <c>systools:make_relup/3,4</c>. It is executed
+ before all other upgrade instructions. See
+ <seealso marker="release_handling#restart_new_emulator_instr">Release
+ Handling</seealso> for more information about this
+ instruction.</item>
+ <tag><c>restart_emulator</c></tag>
+ <item>Used when a restart of the emulator is required after all
+ other upgrade instructions are executed. See
+ <seealso marker="release_handling#restart_emulator_instr">Release
+ Handling</seealso> for more information about this
+ instruction.</item>
+ </taglist>
+
+ <p>If an emulator restart is necessary and no upgrade instructions
+ are needed, i.e. if the restart itself is enough for the
+ upgraded applications to start running the new versions, a very
+ simple <c>.relup</c> file can be created manually:</p>
<code type="none">
{"B",
[{"A",
[],
- [restart_new_emulator]}],
+ [restart_emulator]}],
[{"A",
[],
- [restart_new_emulator]}]
+ [restart_emulator]}]
}.</code>
- <p>This way, the release handler framework with automatic packing
- and unpacking of release packages, automatic path updates etc. can
- be used without having to specify <c>.appup</c> files.</p>
- <p>If some transformation of persistent data, for example database
- contents, needs to be done before installing the new release
- version, instructions for this can be added to the <c>.relup</c>
- file as well.</p>
+ <p>In this case, the release handler framework with automatic
+ packing and unpacking of release packages, automatic path
+ updates etc. can be used without having to specify <c>.appup</c>
+ files.</p>
+ </section>
+
+ <section>
+ <title>Emulator Upgrade from pre OTP R15</title>
+ <p>From OTP R15, an emulator upgrade is performed by restarting
+ the emulator with new versions of the core applications
+ (<c>kernel</c>, <c>stdlib</c> and <c>sasl</c>) before loading code
+ and running upgrade instruction for other applications. For this
+ to work, the release to upgrade from must includes OTP R15 or
+ later. For the case where the release to upgrade from includes an
+ earlier emulator version, <c>systools:make_relup</c> will create a
+ backwards compatible relup file. This means that all upgrade
+ instructions will be executed before the emulator is
+ restarted. The new application code will therefore be loaded into
+ the old emulator. If the new code is compiled with the new
+ emulator, there might be cases where the beam format has changed
+ and beam files can not be loaded. To overcome this problem, the
+ new code should be compiled with the old emulator.</p>
</section>
</chapter>
diff --git a/system/doc/design_principles/make.dep b/system/doc/design_principles/make.dep
deleted file mode 100644
index 05dd2333fb..0000000000
--- a/system/doc/design_principles/make.dep
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,31 +0,0 @@
-# ----------------------------------------------------
-# >>>> Do not edit this file <<<<
-# This file was automaticly generated by
-# /home/gandalf/otp/bin/docdepend
-# ----------------------------------------------------
-
-
-# ----------------------------------------------------
-# TeX files that the DVI file depend on
-# ----------------------------------------------------
-
-book.dvi: applications.tex appup_cookbook.tex book.tex \
- des_princ.tex distributed_applications.tex \
- events.tex fsm.tex gen_server_concepts.tex \
- included_applications.tex part.tex release_handling.tex \
- release_structure.tex spec_proc.tex sup_princ.tex
-
-# ----------------------------------------------------
-# Pictures that the DVI file depend on
-# ----------------------------------------------------
-
-book.dvi: sup6.ps
-
-book.dvi: dist1.ps dist2.ps dist3.ps dist4.ps dist5.ps
-
-book.dvi: clientserver.ps
-
-book.dvi: inclappls.ps
-
-book.dvi: sup4.ps sup5.ps
-
diff --git a/system/doc/design_principles/release_handling.xml b/system/doc/design_principles/release_handling.xml
index 1d62c242c0..8ed36f3c56 100644
--- a/system/doc/design_principles/release_handling.xml
+++ b/system/doc/design_principles/release_handling.xml
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
<chapter>
<header>
<copyright>
- <year>2003</year><year>2009</year>
+ <year>2003</year><year>2011</year>
<holder>Ericsson AB. All Rights Reserved.</holder>
</copyright>
<legalnotice>
@@ -313,18 +313,35 @@
</section>
<section>
+ <marker id="restart_new_emulator_instr"></marker>
<title>restart_new_emulator (low-level)</title>
<p>This instruction is used when changing to a new emulator
- version, or if a system reboot is needed for some other reason.
- Requires that the system is started with heart beat
+ version, or when any of the core applications kernel, stdlib
+ or sasl is upgraded. If a system reboot is needed for some
+ other reason, the <c>restart_emulator</c> instruction should
+ be used instead.</p>
+ <p>Requires that the system is started with heart beat
monitoring, see <c>erl(1)</c> and <c>heart(3)</c>.</p>
- <p>When the release handler encounters the instruction, it shuts
- down the current emulator by calling <c>init:reboot()</c>, see
+ <p>The <c>restart_new_emulator</c> instruction shall always be
+ the very first instruction in a relup. If the relup is
+ generated by <c>systools:make_relup/3,4</c> this is
+ automatically ensured.</p>
+ <p>When the release handler encounters the instruction, it first
+ generates a temporary boot file, which starts the new versions
+ of the emulator and the core applications. Then it shuts down
+ the current emulator by calling <c>init:reboot()</c>, see
<c>init(3)</c>. All processes are terminated gracefully and
the system can then be rebooted by the heart program, using
- the new release version. This new version must still be made
- permanent when the new emulator is up and running. Otherwise,
- the old version is used in case of a new system reboot.</p>
+ the temporary boot file. After the reboot, the rest of the
+ relup instructions are executed. This is done as a part of the
+ boot script.</p>
+ <p>An info report is written when the upgrade is completed. To
+ programatically find out if the upgrade is complete,
+ call <c>release_handler:which_releases/0</c> and check if the
+ expected release has status <c>current</c>.</p>
+ <p>The new version must be made permanent when the new emulator
+ is up and running. Otherwise, the old version will be used in
+ case of a new system reboot.</p>
<p>On UNIX, the release handler tells the heart program which
command to use to reboot the system. Note that the environment
variable <c>HEART_COMMAND</c>, normally used by the heart
@@ -333,6 +350,25 @@
by using the SASL configuration parameter <c>start_prg</c>, see
<c>sasl(6)</c>.</p>
</section>
+
+ <section>
+ <marker id="restart_emulator_instr"></marker>
+ <title>restart_emulator (low-level)</title>
+ <p>This instruction is not related to upgrades of erts or any of
+ the core applications. It can be used by any application to
+ force a restart of the emulator after all upgrade instructions
+ are executed.</p>
+ <p>There can only be one <c>restart_emulator</c> instruction in
+ a relup script, and it shall always be placed at the end. If
+ the relup is generated by <c>systools:make_relup/3,4</c> this
+ is automatically ensured.</p>
+ <p>When the release handler encounters the instruction, it shuts down
+ the emulator by calling <c>init:reboot()</c>, see
+ <c>init(3)</c>. All processes are terminated gracefully and
+ the system can then be rebooted by the heart program using the
+ new release version. No more upgrade instruction will be
+ executed after the restart.</p>
+ </section>
</section>
<section>
diff --git a/system/doc/design_principles/sup_princ.xml b/system/doc/design_principles/sup_princ.xml
index a432f9458b..5b8fd604c8 100644
--- a/system/doc/design_principles/sup_princ.xml
+++ b/system/doc/design_principles/sup_princ.xml
@@ -160,10 +160,13 @@ init(...) ->
be restarted.</p>
<list type="bulleted">
<item>A <c>permanent</c> child process is always restarted.</item>
- <item>A <c>temporary</c> child process is never restarted.</item>
+ <item>A <c>temporary</c> child process is never restarted
+ (not even when the supervisor's restart strategy
+ is <c>rest_for_one</c> or <c>one_for_all</c> and a sibling's
+ death causes the temporary process to be terminated).</item>
<item>A <c>transient</c> child process is restarted only if it
terminates abnormally, i.e. with another exit reason than
- <c>normal</c>.</item>
+ <c>normal</c>, <c>shutdown</c> or <c>{shutdown,Term}</c>.</item>
</list>
</item>
<item>
diff --git a/system/doc/efficiency_guide/make.dep b/system/doc/efficiency_guide/make.dep
deleted file mode 100644
index afa3bd0516..0000000000
--- a/system/doc/efficiency_guide/make.dep
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,16 +0,0 @@
-# ----------------------------------------------------
-# >>>> Do not edit this file <<<<
-# This file was automaticly generated by
-# /home/otp/bin/docdepend
-# ----------------------------------------------------
-
-
-# ----------------------------------------------------
-# TeX files that the DVI file depend on
-# ----------------------------------------------------
-
-book.dvi: advanced.tex binaryhandling.tex book.tex commoncaveats.tex \
- drivers.tex functions.tex introduction.tex listhandling.tex \
- myths.tex part.tex processes.tex profiling.tex \
- tablesDatabases.tex
-
diff --git a/system/doc/embedded/make.dep b/system/doc/embedded/make.dep
deleted file mode 100644
index 9949a3ac96..0000000000
--- a/system/doc/embedded/make.dep
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,14 +0,0 @@
-# ----------------------------------------------------
-# >>>> Do not edit this file <<<<
-# This file was automaticly generated by
-# /home/otp/bin/docdepend
-# ----------------------------------------------------
-
-
-# ----------------------------------------------------
-# TeX files that the DVI file depend on
-# ----------------------------------------------------
-
-book.dvi: book.tex embedded_nt.tex embedded_solaris.tex \
- part.tex vxworks.tex
-
diff --git a/system/doc/getting_started/make.dep b/system/doc/getting_started/make.dep
deleted file mode 100644
index 69b177f77c..0000000000
--- a/system/doc/getting_started/make.dep
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,14 +0,0 @@
-# ----------------------------------------------------
-# >>>> Do not edit this file <<<<
-# This file was automaticly generated by
-# /home/otp/bin/docdepend
-# ----------------------------------------------------
-
-
-# ----------------------------------------------------
-# TeX files that the DVI file depend on
-# ----------------------------------------------------
-
-book.dvi: book.tex conc_prog.tex intro.tex part.tex \
- records_macros.tex robustness.tex seq_prog.tex
-
diff --git a/system/doc/installation_guide/make.dep b/system/doc/installation_guide/make.dep
deleted file mode 100644
index 3878f4ac9d..0000000000
--- a/system/doc/installation_guide/make.dep
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,13 +0,0 @@
-# ----------------------------------------------------
-# >>>> Do not edit this file <<<<
-# This file was automaticly generated by
-# /home/otp/bin/docdepend
-# ----------------------------------------------------
-
-
-# ----------------------------------------------------
-# TeX files that the DVI file depend on
-# ----------------------------------------------------
-
-book.dvi: book.tex install-binary.tex part.tex verification.tex
-
diff --git a/system/doc/oam/make.dep b/system/doc/oam/make.dep
deleted file mode 100644
index 3694df9f1b..0000000000
--- a/system/doc/oam/make.dep
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,26 +0,0 @@
-# ----------------------------------------------------
-# >>>> Do not edit this file <<<<
-# This file was automaticly generated by
-# /home/otp/bin/docdepend
-# ----------------------------------------------------
-
-
-# ----------------------------------------------------
-# TeX files that the DVI file depend on
-# ----------------------------------------------------
-
-book.dvi: book.tex oam_intro.tex part.tex
-
-# ----------------------------------------------------
-# Source inlined when transforming from source to LaTeX
-# ----------------------------------------------------
-
-oam_intro.tex: ../../../system/doc/definitions/term.defs
-
-# ----------------------------------------------------
-# Pictures that the DVI file depend on
-# ----------------------------------------------------
-
-book.dvi: snmp_model_1.ps snmp_model_2.ps snmp_model_3.ps \
- terminology.ps
-
diff --git a/system/doc/programming_examples/make.dep b/system/doc/programming_examples/make.dep
deleted file mode 100644
index b0655f56b3..0000000000
--- a/system/doc/programming_examples/make.dep
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,20 +0,0 @@
-# ----------------------------------------------------
-# >>>> Do not edit this file <<<<
-# This file was automaticly generated by
-# /home/otp/bin/docdepend
-# ----------------------------------------------------
-
-
-# ----------------------------------------------------
-# TeX files that the DVI file depend on
-# ----------------------------------------------------
-
-book.dvi: bit_syntax.tex book.tex funs.tex list_comprehensions.tex \
- part.tex records.tex
-
-# ----------------------------------------------------
-# Source inlined when transforming from source to LaTeX
-# ----------------------------------------------------
-
-funs.tex: fun_test.erl funparse.erl funs1.erl
-
diff --git a/system/doc/reference_manual/code_loading.xml b/system/doc/reference_manual/code_loading.xml
index f56e1ff408..3ea72a4057 100644
--- a/system/doc/reference_manual/code_loading.xml
+++ b/system/doc/reference_manual/code_loading.xml
@@ -112,8 +112,8 @@ loop() ->
<c>code_switch</c> to it. The process then will make a fully
qualified call to <c>m:loop()</c> and change to current code.
Note that <c>m:loop/0</c> must be exported.</p>
- <p>For code replacement of funs to work, the tuple syntax
- <c>{Module,FunctionName}</c> must be used to represent the fun.</p>
+ <p>For code replacement of funs to work, the syntax
+ <c>fun Module:FunctionName/Arity</c> should be used.</p>
</section>
<section>
diff --git a/system/doc/reference_manual/distributed.xml b/system/doc/reference_manual/distributed.xml
index d0eac78404..bc55d14c90 100644
--- a/system/doc/reference_manual/distributed.xml
+++ b/system/doc/reference_manual/distributed.xml
@@ -176,11 +176,11 @@ dilbert@uab</pre>
</row>
<row>
<cell align="left" valign="middle"><c>is_alive()</c></cell>
- <cell align="left" valign="middle">Returns <c>true</c>if the runtime system is a node and can connect to other nodes, <c>false</c>otherwise.</cell>
+ <cell align="left" valign="middle">Returns <c>true</c> if the runtime system is a node and can connect to other nodes, <c>false</c> otherwise.</cell>
</row>
<row>
<cell align="left" valign="middle"><c>monitor_node(Node, true|false)</c></cell>
- <cell align="left" valign="middle">Monitor the status of <c>Node</c>. A message<c>{nodedown, Node}</c>is received if the connection to it is lost.</cell>
+ <cell align="left" valign="middle">Monitor the status of <c>Node</c>. A message<c>{nodedown, Node}</c> is received if the connection to it is lost.</cell>
</row>
<row>
<cell align="left" valign="middle"><c>node()</c></cell>
@@ -200,7 +200,7 @@ dilbert@uab</pre>
</row>
<row>
<cell align="left" valign="middle"><c>set_cookie(Node, Cookie)</c></cell>
- <cell align="left" valign="middle">Sets the magic cookie used when connecting to <c>Node</c>. If <c>Node</c>is the current node, <c>Cookie</c>will be used when connecting to all new nodes.</cell>
+ <cell align="left" valign="middle">Sets the magic cookie used when connecting to <c>Node</c>. If <c>Node</c> is the current node, <c>Cookie</c> will be used when connecting to all new nodes.</cell>
</row>
<row>
<cell align="left" valign="middle"><c>spawn[_link|_opt](Node, Fun)</c></cell>
diff --git a/system/doc/reference_manual/expressions.xml b/system/doc/reference_manual/expressions.xml
index 644896cd7f..43d46d87cc 100644
--- a/system/doc/reference_manual/expressions.xml
+++ b/system/doc/reference_manual/expressions.xml
@@ -561,11 +561,15 @@ number &lt; atom &lt; reference &lt; fun &lt; port &lt; pid &lt; tuple &lt; list
<p>Lists are compared element by element. Tuples are ordered by
size, two tuples with the same size are compared element by
element.</p>
- <p>If one of the compared terms is an integer and the other a
- float, the integer is first converted into a float, unless the
- operator is one of =:= and =/=. If the integer is too big to fit
- in a float no conversion is done, but the order is determined by
- inspecting the sign of the numbers.</p>
+ <p>When comparing an integer to a float, the term with the lesser
+ precision will be converted into the other term's type, unless the
+ operator is one of =:= and =/=. A float is more precise than
+ an integer until all significant figures of the float are to the left of
+ the decimal point. This happens when the float is larger/smaller then
+ +/-9007199254740992.0. The conversion strategy is changed
+ depending on the size of the float because otherwise comparison of large
+ floats and integers would loose their transitivity.</p>
+
<p>Returns the Boolean value of the expression, <c>true</c> or
<c>false</c>.</p>
<p>Examples:</p>
@@ -989,15 +993,19 @@ fun Module:Name/Arity</pre>
<pre>
fun (Arg1,...,ArgN) -> Name(Arg1,...,ArgN) end</pre>
<p>In <c>Module:Name/Arity</c>, <c>Module</c> and <c>Name</c> are atoms
- and <c>Arity</c> is an integer.
+ and <c>Arity</c> is an integer. Starting from the R15 release,
+ <c>Module</c>, <c>Name</c>, and <c>Arity</c> may also be variables.
A fun defined in this way will refer to the function <c>Name</c>
- with arity <c>Arity</c> in the <em>latest</em> version of module <c>Module</c>.
+ with arity <c>Arity</c> in the <em>latest</em> version of module
+ <c>Module</c>. A fun defined in this way will not be dependent on
+ the code for module in which it is defined.
</p>
<p>When applied to a number N of arguments, a tuple
<c>{Module,FunctionName}</c> is interpreted as a fun, referring
to the function <c>FunctionName</c> with arity N in the module
<c>Module</c>. The function must be exported.
- <em>This usage is deprecated.</em>
+ <em>This usage is deprecated.</em> Use <c>fun Module:Name/Arity</c>
+ instead.
See <seealso marker="#calls">Function Calls</seealso> for an example.</p>
<p>More examples can be found in <em>Programming Examples</em>.</p>
</section>
diff --git a/system/doc/reference_manual/macros.xml b/system/doc/reference_manual/macros.xml
index 9dd5fc79bd..bfac7f8d79 100644
--- a/system/doc/reference_manual/macros.xml
+++ b/system/doc/reference_manual/macros.xml
@@ -234,7 +234,7 @@ or
?TESTCALL(you:function(2,1)).</code>
<p>results in</p>
<code type="none">
-io:format("Call ~s: ~w~n",["myfunction ( 1 , 2 )",m:myfunction(1,2)]),
+io:format("Call ~s: ~w~n",["myfunction ( 1 , 2 )",myfunction(1,2)]),
io:format("Call ~s: ~w~n",["you : function ( 2 , 1 )",you:function(2,1)]).</code>
<p>That is, a trace output with both the function called and
the resulting value.</p>
diff --git a/system/doc/reference_manual/make.dep b/system/doc/reference_manual/make.dep
deleted file mode 100644
index 0e7687448c..0000000000
--- a/system/doc/reference_manual/make.dep
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,16 +0,0 @@
-# ----------------------------------------------------
-# >>>> Do not edit this file <<<<
-# This file was automaticly generated by
-# /home/otp/bin/docdepend
-# ----------------------------------------------------
-
-
-# ----------------------------------------------------
-# TeX files that the DVI file depend on
-# ----------------------------------------------------
-
-book.dvi: book.tex code_loading.tex data_types.tex distributed.tex \
- errors.tex expressions.tex functions.tex introduction.tex \
- macros.tex modules.tex part.tex patterns.tex \
- ports.tex processes.tex records.tex
-
diff --git a/system/doc/reference_manual/typespec.xml b/system/doc/reference_manual/typespec.xml
index f08639f9a1..f08639f9a1 100755..100644
--- a/system/doc/reference_manual/typespec.xml
+++ b/system/doc/reference_manual/typespec.xml
diff --git a/system/doc/system_architecture_intro/make.dep b/system/doc/system_architecture_intro/make.dep
deleted file mode 100644
index 6b7bd860a0..0000000000
--- a/system/doc/system_architecture_intro/make.dep
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,13 +0,0 @@
-# ----------------------------------------------------
-# >>>> Do not edit this file <<<<
-# This file was automaticly generated by
-# /home/otp/bin/docdepend
-# ----------------------------------------------------
-
-
-# ----------------------------------------------------
-# TeX files that the DVI file depend on
-# ----------------------------------------------------
-
-book.dvi: book.tex part.tex sys_arch_intro.tex
-
diff --git a/system/doc/system_principles/make.dep b/system/doc/system_principles/make.dep
deleted file mode 100644
index 28753ca5a0..0000000000
--- a/system/doc/system_principles/make.dep
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,14 +0,0 @@
-# ----------------------------------------------------
-# >>>> Do not edit this file <<<<
-# This file was automaticly generated by
-# /home/otp/bin/docdepend
-# ----------------------------------------------------
-
-
-# ----------------------------------------------------
-# TeX files that the DVI file depend on
-# ----------------------------------------------------
-
-book.dvi: book.tex create_target.tex error_logging.tex \
- part.tex system_principles.tex
-
diff --git a/system/doc/tutorial/make.dep b/system/doc/tutorial/make.dep
deleted file mode 100644
index e9f77ab439..0000000000
--- a/system/doc/tutorial/make.dep
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,35 +0,0 @@
-# ----------------------------------------------------
-# >>>> Do not edit this file <<<<
-# This file was automaticly generated by
-# /home/otp/bin/docdepend
-# ----------------------------------------------------
-
-
-# ----------------------------------------------------
-# TeX files that the DVI file depend on
-# ----------------------------------------------------
-
-book.dvi: book.tex c_port.tex c_portdriver.tex cnode.tex \
- erl_interface.tex example.tex introduction.tex \
- overview.tex part.tex
-
-# ----------------------------------------------------
-# Source inlined when transforming from source to LaTeX
-# ----------------------------------------------------
-
-c_port.tex: port.c
-
-c_portdriver.tex: port_driver.c
-
-cnode.tex: complex3.erl
-
-example.tex: complex.c
-
-# ----------------------------------------------------
-# Pictures that the DVI file depend on
-# ----------------------------------------------------
-
-book.dvi: port.ps
-
-book.dvi: port_driver.ps
-