diff options
Diffstat (limited to 'system')
| -rw-r--r-- | system/doc/Books/src/HOWTO.txt | 35 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | system/doc/Books/src/Makefile | 127 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | system/doc/Books/src/basic_application.xml | 107 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | system/doc/Books/src/corba_service.xml | 137 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | system/doc/Books/src/database_management.xml | 118 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | system/doc/Books/src/frame_crop.header.src | 101 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | system/doc/Books/src/insidecover.xml | 35 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | system/doc/Books/src/interfaces.xml | 144 | ||||
| -rwxr-xr-x | system/doc/Books/src/make_headers | 30 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | system/doc/Books/src/operation_maintenance.xml | 94 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | system/doc/Books/src/orber_ic.xml | 112 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | system/doc/Books/src/stdlib.xml | 73 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | system/doc/Books/src/tools.xml | 139 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | system/doc/Books/src/ug.xml | 127 | ||||
| -rwxr-xr-x | system/doc/reference_manual/typespec.xml | 657 |
15 files changed, 330 insertions, 1706 deletions
diff --git a/system/doc/Books/src/HOWTO.txt b/system/doc/Books/src/HOWTO.txt deleted file mode 100644 index 1fa47446e3..0000000000 --- a/system/doc/Books/src/HOWTO.txt +++ /dev/null @@ -1,35 +0,0 @@ -Peter H�gfeldt 2001-04-27 A - -HOWTO for building books for printing -------------------------------------- - -Note: Books are also built automatically by a daily build script. - That is the only safe way to build books. - -Note: Manual handling of dependency files has been removed. - -1. To build a book, ug say, in pdf format with a frame, be sure - to have a clean view, and run - - i) clearmake -V clean - ii) clearmake -V depend - iii) clearmake -V ug.frame.pdf - - You can build the following variants: ug.ps, ug.pdf, ug.frame.ps, - ug.frame.pdf, ug.crop.ps, and ug.crop.pdf. - - To build all frame.pdf and crop.pdf books replace iii) by - - iii) clearmake -V release_books TESTROOT=/some/dest/dir - - and you will get all books in /some/dest/dir. - -2. To change the contents of a book you have to: - - i) Edit the sgml book file, e.g. ug.sgml. - - ii) Do the corresponding changes in the Makefile (if needed). - - - - diff --git a/system/doc/Books/src/Makefile b/system/doc/Books/src/Makefile deleted file mode 100644 index 9d346cb230..0000000000 --- a/system/doc/Books/src/Makefile +++ /dev/null @@ -1,127 +0,0 @@ -# ---------------------------------------------------- -# Copyright (C) 1997, Ericsson Telecommunications -# Author: Lars Thorsen, Hans Nilsson -# ---------------------------------------------------- -include $(ERL_TOP)/make/target.mk -include $(ERL_TOP)/make/$(TARGET)/otp.mk - -# ---------------------------------------------------- -# Include dependency -# ---------------------------------------------------- - -ifeq (ug.dep,$(wildcard ug.dep)) -include ug.dep -include database_management.dep -include orber_ic.dep -include basic_application.dep -include tools.dep -include operation_maintenance.dep -include interfaces.dep -include stdlib.dep -include corba_service.dep -endif - -# ---------------------------------------------------- -# Target Specs -# ---------------------------------------------------- -BOOKS = \ - ug \ - database_management \ - orber_ic \ - corba_service \ - basic_application \ - tools \ - operation_maintenance \ - interfaces \ - stdlib - -TEX_FILES = $(shell for i in $(BOOKS) ; do (echo $$i.tex); done) - -FRAME_CROP_PDF_FILES = $(BOOKS:%=%.frame.pdf) $(BOOKS:%=%.crop.pdf) - -# ---------------------------------------------------- -# FLAGS -# ---------------------------------------------------- -XML_FLAG_booksty = -booksty otpBOOK -DVIPS_FLAGS += -O '19mm,32.5mm' - -# ---------------------------------------------------- -# Targets -# ---------------------------------------------------- - -all: $(FRAME_CROP_PDF_FILES) - -books: all - -clean: - rm -f $(TEX_FILES) - rm -f *.psframe *.pscrop *.ps - rm -f $(TOP_PS_FILES) - rm -f errs core *~ $(LATEX_CLEAN) - rm -f *.dep *.pdf - -dep depend: - @for i in $(BOOKS); do \ - echo "Running docdepend for $$i ..." ; \ - docdepend $$i.xml | \ - sed s/insidecover.tex/insidecover.xml/ > $$i.dep ; \ - done - -# ---------------------------------------------------- -# Rules -# ---------------------------------------------------- -.SUFFIXES: .psframe .pscrop - -# The following rules are for multiple suffixes, e.g. kalle.pdf, -# kalle.frame.pdf. The order of the rules is important. Default rules -# from otp.mk are disabled in order to get it right. - -%.pdf: %.ps - -%.ps: %.dvi - -%.pdf: %.dvi - -%.frame.ps: %.dvi - BOOK=$@ ./make_headers - $(DVI2PS) -frame $(DVIPS_FLAGS) -f $< > $@ - -%.frame.pdf: %.dvi - BOOK=$@ ./make_headers - $(DVI2PS) -frame $(DVIPS_FLAGS) -f $< | \ - $(DISTILL) $(DISTILL_FLAGS) > $@ - -%.crop.ps: %.dvi - BOOK=$@ ./make_headers - $(DVI2PS) -crop $(DVIPS_FLAGS) -f $< > $@ - -%.crop.pdf: %.dvi - BOOK=$@ ./make_headers - $(DVI2PS) -crop $(DVIPS_FLAGS) -f $< | \ - $(DISTILL) $(DISTILL_FLAGS) > $@ - -%.pdf: %.dvi - $(DVI2PS) $(DVIPS_FLAGS) -f $< | \ - $(DISTILL) $(DISTILL_FLAGS) > $@ - -%.ps: %.dvi - $(DVI2PS) $(DVIPS_FLAGS) -f $< > $@ - -%.pdf: %.dvi - $(DVI2PS) $(DVIPS_FLAGS) -f $< | \ - $(DISTILL) $(DISTILL_FLAGS) > $@ - -# ---------------------------------------------------- -# Release targets -# ---------------------------------------------------- -# - -ifeq ($(TESTROOT),) -release_books: all - -else -release_books: all - $(INSTALL_DIR) $(TESTROOT)/books - $(INSTALL_DATA) $(FRAME_CROP_PDF_FILES) $(TESTROOT)/books -endif - diff --git a/system/doc/Books/src/basic_application.xml b/system/doc/Books/src/basic_application.xml deleted file mode 100644 index 8097dafd7e..0000000000 --- a/system/doc/Books/src/basic_application.xml +++ /dev/null @@ -1,107 +0,0 @@ -<?xml version="1.0" encoding="latin1" ?> -<!DOCTYPE book SYSTEM "book.dtd"> - -<book> - <header titlestyle="special"> - <copyright> - <year>2000</year> - <year>2007</year> - <holder>Ericsson AB, All Rights Reserved</holder> - </copyright> - <legalnotice> - The contents of this file are subject to the Erlang Public License, - Version 1.1, (the "License"); you may not use this file except in - compliance with the License. You should have received a copy of the - Erlang Public License along with this software. If not, it can be - retrieved online at http://www.erlang.org/. - - Software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" - basis, WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See - the License for the specific language governing rights and limitations - under the License. - - The Initial Developer of the Original Code is Ericsson AB. - </legalnotice> - - <title>Erlang 5.1/OTP R8 Run-Time System and Basic Applications</title> - <prepared>Bengt Nilsson</prepared> - <docno></docno> - <date>2000-10-17</date> - <rev></rev> - </header> - <insidecover> - <include file="insidecover"></include> - </insidecover> - <pagetext>Erlang/OTP Run-Time System and Basic Applications</pagetext> - <preamble> - <contents level="2"></contents> - <preface> - <p><em>Introduction</em> <br></br> -This documentation describes the Open - Telecom Platform (Erlang/OTP), a middle-ware based on the Erlang - programming language, aiming at providing time-saving and flexible - development for robust, adaptable telecom systems.</p> - <p><em>Organization of the Documentation</em> <br></br> - - The documentation is divided into eight parts:</p> - <list type="bulleted"> - <item>Erlang 5.0/OTP R7 System Documentation, EN/LZT 1084095 R1</item> - <item>Erlang 5.0/OTP R7 Run-Time System and Basic Applications, - EN/LZT 108 4106 R1</item> - <item>Erlang 5.0/OTP R7 Standard Library Application, EN/LZT 108 4107 - R1</item> - <item>Erlang 5.0/OTP R7 Database Applications, EN/LZT 108 194 R3</item> - <item>Erlang 5.0/OTP R7 CORBA and IDL Applications, - EN/LZT 151 810 R2</item> - <item>Erlang 5.0/OTP R7 Interface and Communication Applications, - EN/LZT 108 4110 R1</item> - <item>Erlang 5.0/OTP R7 Operation and Maintenance Applications, - EN/LZT 108 4108 R1</item> - <item>Erlang 5.0/OTP R7 Tool Applications, EN/LZT 108 4109 R1</item> - </list> - <p><em>About this Book</em> <br></br> -This book is a collection of User's Guides for</p> - <list type="bulleted"> - <item>ERTS</item> - <item>SASL</item> - </list> - <p>and of Reference Manuals for</p> - <list type="bulleted"> - <item>ERTS</item> - <item>SASL</item> - <item>Compiler</item> - <item>Kernel</item> - </list> - <p>The Standard Libraries (STDLIB), which are in close - connection with Kernel, are documented in a volume of its - own.</p> - <br></br> - </preface> - </preamble> - <pagetext>ERTS</pagetext> - <parts lift="no"> - <title>ERTS User's Guide</title> - <include file="../../../../erts/erts/doc/src/part"></include> - </parts> - <applications> - <include file="../../../../erts/erts/doc/src/application"></include> - </applications> - <pagetext>SASL</pagetext> - <parts lift="no"> - <title>SASL User's Guide</title> - <include file="../../../../erts/lib/sasl/doc/src/part"></include> - </parts> - <applications> - <include file="../../../../erts/lib/sasl/doc/src/application"></include> - </applications> - <pagetext>Kernel</pagetext> - <applications> - <include file="../../../../erts/lib/kernel/doc/src/application_holder"></include> - </applications> - <pagetext>Compiler</pagetext> - <applications> - <include file="../../../../erts/lib/compiler/doc/src/application"></include> - </applications> - <pagetext>Erlang/OTP Run-Time System and Basic Applications</pagetext> -</book> - diff --git a/system/doc/Books/src/corba_service.xml b/system/doc/Books/src/corba_service.xml deleted file mode 100644 index dce2894a52..0000000000 --- a/system/doc/Books/src/corba_service.xml +++ /dev/null @@ -1,137 +0,0 @@ -<?xml version="1.0" encoding="latin1" ?> -<!DOCTYPE book SYSTEM "book.dtd"> - -<book> - <header titlestyle="special"> - <copyright> - <year>2001</year> - <year>2007</year> - <holder>Ericsson AB, All Rights Reserved</holder> - </copyright> - <legalnotice> - The contents of this file are subject to the Erlang Public License, - Version 1.1, (the "License"); you may not use this file except in - compliance with the License. You should have received a copy of the - Erlang Public License along with this software. If not, it can be - retrieved online at http://www.erlang.org/. - - Software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" - basis, WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See - the License for the specific language governing rights and limitations - under the License. - - The Initial Developer of the Original Code is Ericsson AB. - </legalnotice> - - <title>Erlang 5.1/OTP R8 CORBA Services </title> - <prepared></prepared> - <docno>EN/LZT 151 ??? R1</docno> - <date>1997-05-27</date> - <rev></rev> - <abbreviation></abbreviation> - </header> - <insidecover> - <include file="insidecover"></include> - </insidecover> - <pagetext>Erlang/OTP CORBA Services</pagetext> - <preamble> - <contents level="2"></contents> - <preface> - <p><em>Introduction</em> <br></br> - - This documentation describes the Open - Telecom Platform (Erlang/OTP), a middle-ware based on the Erlang - programming language, aiming at providing time-saving and flexible - development for robust, adaptable telecom systems.</p> - <p><em>Organization of the Documentation</em> <br></br> - - The documentation is divided into eight parts:</p> - <list type="bulleted"> - <item>Erlang 5.0/OTP R7 System Documentation, EN/LZT 1084095 R1</item> - <item>Erlang 5.0/OTP R7 Run-Time System and Basic Applications, - EN/LZT 108 4106 R1</item> - <item>Erlang 5.0/OTP R7 Standard Library Application, EN/LZT 108 4107 - R1</item> - <item>Erlang 5.0/OTP R7 Database Applications, EN/LZT 108 194 R3</item> - <item>Erlang 5.0/OTP R7 CORBA and IDL Applications, - EN/LZT 151 810 R2</item> - <item>Erlang 5.0/OTP R7 Interface and Communication Applications, - EN/LZT 108 4110 R1</item> - <item>Erlang 5.0/OTP R7 Operation and Maintenance Applications, - EN/LZT 108 4108 R1</item> - <item>Erlang 5.0/OTP R7 Tool Applications, EN/LZT 108 4109 R1</item> - </list> - <p><em>About this Book</em> <br></br> -</p> - <p>This book contains documentation about the six applications in Erlang/OTP that - implement the CORBA services. - These applications are:</p> - <list type="bulleted"> - <item><em>cosEvent</em>, an Erlang implementation of the - CORBA service CosEvent.</item> - <item><em>cosEventDomain</em>, an Erlang implementation of the - CORBA service CosEventDomainAdmin.</item> - <item><em>cosFileTransfer</em>, an Erlang implementation of the - CORBA service CosFileTransfer.</item> - <item><em>cosNotificaton</em>, an Erlang implementation of the - CORBA service CosNotification.</item> - <item><em>cosProperty</em>, an Erlang implementation of the - CORBA service CosProperty.</item> - <item><em>cosTime</em>, an Erlang implementation of the - CORBA service CosTime.</item> - <item><em>cosTransaction</em>, an Erlang implementation of the - CORBA service CosTransaction.</item> - </list> - </preface> - </preamble> - <pagetext>cosEvent</pagetext> - <parts lift="no"> - <title>cosEvent User's Guide</title> - <include file="../../../../libraries/cosEvent/doc/src/part"></include> - </parts> - <applications> - <include file="../../../../libraries/cosEvent/doc/src/application"></include> - </applications> - <pagetext>cosEventDomain</pagetext> - <parts lift="no"> - <title>cosEventDomain User's Guide</title> - <include file="../../../../libraries/cosEventDomain/doc/src/part"></include> - </parts> - <applications> - <include file="../../../../libraries/cosEventDomain/doc/src/application"></include> - </applications> - <pagetext>cosFileTransfert</pagetext> - <parts lift="no"> - <title>cosFileTransfer User's Guide</title> - <include file="../../../../libraries/cosFileTransfer/doc/src/part"></include> - </parts> - <applications> - <include file="../../../../libraries/cosFileTransfer/doc/src/application"></include> - </applications> - <pagetext>cosNotification</pagetext> - <parts lift="no"> - <title>cosNotification User's Guide</title> - <include file="../../../../libraries/cosNotification/doc/src/part"></include> - </parts> - <applications> - <include file="../../../../libraries/cosNotification/doc/src/application"></include> - </applications> - <pagetext>cosTime</pagetext> - <parts lift="no"> - <title>cosTime User's Guide</title> - <include file="../../../../libraries/cosTime/doc/src/part"></include> - </parts> - <applications> - <include file="../../../../libraries/cosTime/doc/src/application"></include> - </applications> - <pagetext>cosProperty</pagetext> - <parts lift="no"> - <title>cosProperty User's Guide</title> - <include file="../../../../libraries/cosProperty/doc/src/part"></include> - </parts> - <applications> - <include file="../../../../libraries/cosProperty/doc/src/application"></include> - </applications> - <pagetext>Erlang/OTP CORBA Services</pagetext> -</book> - diff --git a/system/doc/Books/src/database_management.xml b/system/doc/Books/src/database_management.xml deleted file mode 100644 index 268612a990..0000000000 --- a/system/doc/Books/src/database_management.xml +++ /dev/null @@ -1,118 +0,0 @@ -<?xml version="1.0" encoding="latin1" ?> -<!DOCTYPE book SYSTEM "book.dtd"> - -<book> - <header titlestyle="special"> - <copyright> - <year>1997</year> - <year>2007</year> - <holder>Ericsson AB, All Rights Reserved</holder> - </copyright> - <legalnotice> - The contents of this file are subject to the Erlang Public License, - Version 1.1, (the "License"); you may not use this file except in - compliance with the License. You should have received a copy of the - Erlang Public License along with this software. If not, it can be - retrieved online at http://www.erlang.org/. - - Software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" - basis, WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See - the License for the specific language governing rights and limitations - under the License. - - The Initial Developer of the Original Code is Ericsson AB. - </legalnotice> - - <title>Erlang 5.1/OTP R8 Database Applications </title> - <prepared></prepared> - <docno>EN/LZT 108 194 R2</docno> - <date>1997-05-27</date> - <rev></rev> - <abbreviation></abbreviation> - </header> - <insidecover> - <include file="insidecover"></include> - </insidecover> - <pagetext>Erlang/OTP Database Applications</pagetext> - <preamble> - <contents level="2"></contents> - <preface> - <p><em>Introduction</em> <br></br> -This documentation describes the Open - Telecom Platform (Erlang/OTP), a middle-ware based on the Erlang - programming language, aiming at providing time-saving and flexible - development for robust, adaptable telecom systems.</p> - <p><em>Organization of the Documentation</em> <br></br> - - The documentation is divided into eight parts:</p> - <list type="bulleted"> - <item>Erlang 5.0/OTP R7 System Documentation, EN/LZT 1084095 R1</item> - <item>Erlang 5.0/OTP R7 Run-Time System and Basic Applications, - EN/LZT 108 4106 R1</item> - <item>Erlang 5.0/OTP R7 Standard Library Application, EN/LZT 108 4107 - R1</item> - <item>Erlang 5.0/OTP R7 Database Applications, EN/LZT 108 194 R3</item> - <item>Erlang 5.0/OTP R7 CORBA and IDL Applications, - EN/LZT 151 810 R2</item> - <item>Erlang 5.0/OTP R7 Interface and Communication Applications, - EN/LZT 108 4110 R1</item> - <item>Erlang 5.0/OTP R7 Operation and Maintenance Applications, - EN/LZT 108 4108 R1</item> - <item>Erlang 5.0/OTP R7 Tool Applications, EN/LZT 108 4109 R1</item> - </list> - <p><em>About this Book</em> <br></br> -</p> - <p>This book is common for the four applications in Erlang/OTP, which - manage databases. These applications are:</p> - <list type="bulleted"> - <item><em>Mnesia</em>; to be used when - a continuous - operation and soft real-time properties are required.</item> - <item><em>Mnesia_Session</em>; to be used when the Mnesia Database - Management - System has to be accessed from other programming languages than - Erlang.</item> - <item><em>Mnemosyne</em>; to be used as a query language for the - Mnesia Database - Management System. </item> - <item><em>ODBC,</em> Open DataBase Connectivity; to be used when - various SQL - databases will be accessed.</item> - </list> - </preface> - </preamble> - <pagetext>Mnesia</pagetext> - <parts lift="no"> - <title>Mnesia User's Guide</title> - <include file="../../../../libraries/mnesia/doc/src/part"></include> - </parts> - <applications> - <include file="../../../../libraries/mnesia/doc/src/application"></include> - </applications> - <pagetext>Mnesia_Session</pagetext> - <parts lift="no"> - <title>Mnesia_Session User's Guide</title> - <include file="../../../../libraries/mnesia_session/doc/src/part"></include> - </parts> - <applications> - <include file="../../../../libraries/mnesia_session/doc/src/application"></include> - </applications> - <pagetext>Mnemosyne</pagetext> - <parts lift="no"> - <title>Mnemosyne User's Guide</title> - <include file="../../../../libraries/mnemosyne/doc/src/part"></include> - </parts> - <applications> - <include file="../../../../libraries/mnemosyne/doc/src/application"></include> - </applications> - <pagetext>ODBC </pagetext> - <parts lift="no"> - <title>ODBC User's Guide</title> - <include file="../../../../libraries/odbc/doc/src/part"></include> - </parts> - <applications> - <include file="../../../../libraries/odbc/doc/src/application"></include> - </applications> - <pagetext>Erlang/OTP Database Applications</pagetext> -</book> - diff --git a/system/doc/Books/src/frame_crop.header.src b/system/doc/Books/src/frame_crop.header.src deleted file mode 100644 index 131045ef8d..0000000000 --- a/system/doc/Books/src/frame_crop.header.src +++ /dev/null @@ -1,101 +0,0 @@ -%% This PostScript file centers the page on an A4 paper and draws a -%% crop marks. dvips is assumed. - -%% DEBUG -%% /mydict 20 dict def mydict begin - -%% Millimeter to postscript points: - -/mm{ 25.4 div 72 mul }def - - -%% The size of the retangle is: - -/papw 172 mm def -/paph 232 mm def - -%% The text area size is: - -%%/txtw{131 mm}def -%%/txth{285 mm}def - - -%% A4 size is: - -/A4w 209 mm def -/A4h 296 mm def - -%% Draw crop marks - -/mkcrop{ - 0.3 setlinewidth - 0 0 mkonecrop - papw 0 mkonecrop - 0 paph mkonecrop - papw paph mkonecrop -} def - -/mkonecrop{gsave - translate - newpath - 0 18 moveto - 0 -18 lineto - stroke - newpath - -18 0 moveto - 18 0 lineto - stroke - grestore } def - -%% Draw a frame - -/mkframe{ - gsave - 0 A4h paph sub moveto - papw 0 rlineto - 0 paph rlineto - papw neg 0 rlineto - 0 paph neg rlineto - stroke - grestore -} def - -/mkmarks{mk@MARKS@} def - -/mkinfo{ gsave - 72 68 moveto (Book: @BOOK@) show - 72 60 moveto (Generated by dvips: @DATE@) show - 72 52 moveto (Config spec: @CSFILE@) show - 72 44 moveto (View: @VIEW@) show - 72 36 moveto (User: @USER@) show - 72 28 moveto (Latex: @LATEX@) show - 72 20 moveto (@DOCBVSN@ @DOCB@) show - 72 12 moveto (@DVIPSVSN@ @DVIPS@) show - 288 68 moveto (Book build: @BOOKBUILD@) show - 288 60 moveto (Build script: @BUILDSCRIPT@) show - grestore -} def - - -%% Beginning-of-page hook (the thing called by dvips): - -/bop-hook{ - gsave - /Helvetica findfont 7 scalefont setfont - gsave - A4w papw sub 2 div - A4h paph sub 2 div neg - translate - mkmarks - grestore - mkinfo - grestore -} def - -%% DEBUG -%%/bop-hook -%%showpage -%%end - - - diff --git a/system/doc/Books/src/insidecover.xml b/system/doc/Books/src/insidecover.xml deleted file mode 100644 index e6b4b4206c..0000000000 --- a/system/doc/Books/src/insidecover.xml +++ /dev/null @@ -1,35 +0,0 @@ -<?xml version="1.0" encoding="latin1" ?> -<!DOCTYPE bookinsidecover SYSTEM "bookinsidecover.dtd"> - -<bookinsidecover> -Ericsson Utvecklings AB provides this publication ``as is'' without warranty of any kind. In no event shall Ericsson Utvecklings AB be liable for any damage arising from any defect or error in this publication. The contents of this publication is subject to revision without notice due to continued progress in design. <br></br> - <br></br> -Copyright © 1996-2000 Ericsson Utvecklings AB. <br></br> - <br></br> -All rights reserved including the right of reproduction in whole or in part in any form. <br></br> - <vfill></vfill> - <br></br> - <bold>Editors & Layout:</bold> -Anna Fedoriw and Bengt Nilsson <br></br> - <bold>Written and Produced by:</bold> -The Open Telecom Platform Project <br></br> - <bold>Cover by:</bold> -Röjning & Co <br></br> - <br></br> -Fourth revised and restructured edition. <br></br> - <br></br> -Printed in Sweden by XBS Koncerntryck, Stockholm 2000 <br></br> - <br></br> - <vfill></vfill> - <br></br> -For more information: URL <tt>http://www.erlang.se</tt> - <br></br> - <br></br> - <br></br> -Ericsson Utvecklings AB <br></br> -OTP Product Development <br></br> -Box 1505 <br></br> -SE-125 25 ÄLVSJÖ <br></br> -Sweden <br></br> -</bookinsidecover> - diff --git a/system/doc/Books/src/interfaces.xml b/system/doc/Books/src/interfaces.xml deleted file mode 100644 index b225f9581a..0000000000 --- a/system/doc/Books/src/interfaces.xml +++ /dev/null @@ -1,144 +0,0 @@ -<?xml version="1.0" encoding="latin1" ?> -<!DOCTYPE book SYSTEM "book.dtd"> - -<book> - <header titlestyle="special"> - <copyright> - <year>2000</year> - <year>2007</year> - <holder>Ericsson AB, All Rights Reserved</holder> - </copyright> - <legalnotice> - The contents of this file are subject to the Erlang Public License, - Version 1.1, (the "License"); you may not use this file except in - compliance with the License. You should have received a copy of the - Erlang Public License along with this software. If not, it can be - retrieved online at http://www.erlang.org/. - - Software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" - basis, WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See - the License for the specific language governing rights and limitations - under the License. - - The Initial Developer of the Original Code is Ericsson AB. - </legalnotice> - - <title>Erlang 5.1/OTP R8 Interface and Communication Applications</title> - <prepared>Bengt Nilsson</prepared> - <docno></docno> - <date>2000-02-09</date> - <rev></rev> - </header> - <insidecover> - <include file="insidecover"></include> - </insidecover> - <pagetext>Erlang/OTP Interface and Communication </pagetext> - <preamble> - <contents level="2"></contents> - <preface> - <p><em>Introduction</em> <br></br> -This documentation describes the Open - Telecom Platform (Erlang/OTP), a middle-ware based on the Erlang - programming language, aiming at providing time-saving and flexible - development for robust, adaptable telecom systems.</p> - <p><em>Organization of the Documentation</em> <br></br> - - The documentation is divided into eight parts:</p> - <list type="bulleted"> - <item>Erlang 5.0/OTP R7 System Documentation, EN/LZT 1084095 R1</item> - <item>Erlang 5.0/OTP R7 Run-Time System and Basic Applications, - EN/LZT 108 4106 R1</item> - <item>Erlang 5.0/OTP R7 Standard Library Application, EN/LZT 108 4107 - R1</item> - <item>Erlang 5.0/OTP R7 Database Applications, EN/LZT 108 194 R3</item> - <item>Erlang 5.0/OTP R7 CORBA and IDL Applications, - EN/LZT 151 810 R2</item> - <item>Erlang 5.0/OTP R7 Interface and Communication Applications, - EN/LZT 108 4110 R1</item> - <item>Erlang 5.0/OTP R7 Operation and Maintenance Applications, - EN/LZT 108 4108 R1</item> - <item>Erlang 5.0/OTP R7 Tool Applications, EN/LZT 108 4109 R1</item> - </list> - <p><em>About this Book</em> <br></br> -</p> - <p>This book is a collection of the documentation of following applications:</p> - <list type="bulleted"> - <item>Asn1</item> - <item>Comet</item> - <item>Crypto</item> - <item>Erl_Interface</item> - <item>GS</item> - <item>Inets</item> - <item>Jinterface</item> - <item>Megaco</item> - <item>SSL</item> - </list> - </preface> - </preamble> - <pagetext>Asn1</pagetext> - <parts lift="yes"> - <title>Asn1 User's Guide</title> - <include file="../../../../erts/lib/asn1/doc/src/part"></include> - </parts> - <applications> - <include file="../../../../erts/lib/asn1/doc/src/application"></include> - </applications> - <pagetext>Comet </pagetext> - <parts lift="no"> - <title>Comet User's Guide</title> - <include file="../../../../erts/lib/comet/doc/src/users_guide"></include> - </parts> - <applications> - <include file="../../../../erts/lib/comet/doc/src/refman"></include> - </applications> - <pagetext>Crypto</pagetext> - <applications> - <include file="../../../../erts/lib/crypto/doc/src/refman"></include> - </applications> - <pagetext>Erl_Interface</pagetext> - <parts lift="yes"> - <title>Erl_Interface User's Guide</title> - <include file="../../../../erts/lib/erl_interface/doc/src/part_erl_interface"></include> - </parts> - <applications> - <include file="../../../../erts/lib/erl_interface/doc/src/application_erl_interface"></include> - </applications> - <pagetext>GS</pagetext> - <parts lift="no"> - <title>GS User's Guide</title> - <include file="../../../../erts/lib/gs/doc/src/part"></include> - </parts> - <applications> - <include file="../../../../erts/lib/gs/doc/src/application"></include> - </applications> - <pagetext>Inets</pagetext> - <applications> - <include file="../../../../libraries/inets/doc/src/application"></include> - </applications> - <pagetext>Jinterface </pagetext> - <parts lift="yes"> - <title>Jinterface User's Guide</title> - <include file="../../../../erts/lib/jinterface/doc/src/part"></include> - </parts> - <applications> - <include file="../../../../erts/lib/jinterface/doc/src/application"></include> - </applications> - <pagetext>Megaco</pagetext> - <parts lift="no"> - <title>Megaco User's Guide</title> - <include file="../../../../erts/lib/megaco/doc/src/part"></include> - </parts> - <applications> - <include file="../../../../erts/lib/megaco/doc/src/application"></include> - </applications> - <pagetext>SSL </pagetext> - <parts lift="yes"> - <title>SSL Users Guide</title> - <include file="../../../../erts/lib/ssl/doc/src/part"></include> - </parts> - <applications> - <include file="../../../../erts/lib/ssl/doc/src/refman"></include> - </applications> - <pagetext>Erlang/OTP Interface and Communication </pagetext> -</book> - diff --git a/system/doc/Books/src/make_headers b/system/doc/Books/src/make_headers deleted file mode 100755 index 0ec7aca632..0000000000 --- a/system/doc/Books/src/make_headers +++ /dev/null @@ -1,30 +0,0 @@ -#!/bin/sh -# -# Make Postscript header files (frame and crop marks) -# -# From environment: BOOK CSFILE USER BOOKBUILD - -DATE=`date` -VIEW=`cleartool pwv -s -set` -LATEX=`which latex` -DVIPSVSN=`dvips -version` -DVIPS=`which dvips` -DOCBVSN=`docb_transform -version` -DOCB=`which docb_transform` -for marks in frame crop; do - sed -e "s/@DATE@/$DATE/g" \ - -e "s/@BOOK@/$BOOK/g" \ - -e "s/@MARKS@/$marks/g" \ - -e "s;@CSFILE@;$CSFILE;g" \ - -e "s/@VIEW@/$VIEW/g" \ - -e "s/@USER@/$USER/g" \ - -e "s;@LATEX@;$LATEX;g" \ - -e "s;@DVIPSVSN@;$DVIPSVSN;g" \ - -e "s;@DVIPS@;$DVIPS;g" \ - -e "s/@DOCBVSN@/$DOCBVSN/g" \ - -e "s;@DOCB@;$DOCB;g" \ - -e "s;@BOOKBUILD@;$BOOKBUILD;g" \ - -e "s;@BUILDSCRIPT@;$BUILDSCRIPT;g" \ - frame_crop.header.src > $marks.header -done - diff --git a/system/doc/Books/src/operation_maintenance.xml b/system/doc/Books/src/operation_maintenance.xml deleted file mode 100644 index 41bdd3dff7..0000000000 --- a/system/doc/Books/src/operation_maintenance.xml +++ /dev/null @@ -1,94 +0,0 @@ -<?xml version="1.0" encoding="latin1" ?> -<!DOCTYPE book SYSTEM "book.dtd"> - -<book> - <header titlestyle="special"> - <copyright> - <year>2000</year> - <year>2007</year> - <holder>Ericsson AB, All Rights Reserved</holder> - </copyright> - <legalnotice> - The contents of this file are subject to the Erlang Public License, - Version 1.1, (the "License"); you may not use this file except in - compliance with the License. You should have received a copy of the - Erlang Public License along with this software. If not, it can be - retrieved online at http://www.erlang.org/. - - Software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" - basis, WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See - the License for the specific language governing rights and limitations - under the License. - - The Initial Developer of the Original Code is Ericsson AB. - </legalnotice> - - <title>Erlang 5.1/OTP R8 Operation and Maintenance Applications</title> - <prepared>Bengt Nilsson</prepared> - <docno></docno> - <date>2000-02-09</date> - <rev></rev> - </header> - <insidecover> - <include file="insidecover"></include> - </insidecover> - <pagetext>Erlang/OTP Operation and Maintenance</pagetext> - <preamble> - <contents level="2"></contents> - <preface> - <p><em>Introduction</em> <br></br> -This documentation describes the Open - Telecom Platform (Erlang/OTP), a middle-ware based on the Erlang - programming language, aiming at providing time-saving and flexible - development for robust, adaptable telecom systems.</p> - <p><em>Organization of the Documentation</em> <br></br> -the documentation is - divided into eight parts:</p> - <list type="bulleted"> - <item>Erlang 5.0/OTP R7 System Documentation, EN/LZT 1084095 R1</item> - <item>Erlang 5.0/OTP R7 Run-Time System and Basic Applications, - EN/LZT 108 4106 R1</item> - <item>Erlang 5.0/OTP R7 Standard Library Application, EN/LZT 108 4107 R1</item> - <item>Erlang 5.0/OTP R7 Database Applications, EN/LZT 108 194 R3</item> - <item>Erlang 5.0/OTP R7 CORBA and IDL Applications, - EN/LZT 151 810 R2</item> - <item>Erlang 5.0/OTP R7 Interface and Communication Applications, - EN/LZT 108 4110 R1</item> - <item>Erlang 5.0/OTP R7 Operation and Maintenance Applications, - EN/LZT 108 4108 R1</item> - <item>Erlang 5.0/OTP R7 Tool Applications, EN/LZT 108 4109 R1</item> - </list> - <p><em>About this Book</em> <br></br> - - This book is a collection of Erlang application used during Operation and Maintenance. The following applications are covered:</p> - <list type="bulleted"> - <item>EVA</item> - <item>OS_Mon </item> - <item>SNMP</item> - </list> - </preface> - </preamble> - <pagetext>EVA</pagetext> - <parts lift="no"> - <title>EVA User's Guide</title> - <include file="../../../../libraries/eva/doc/src/users_guide"></include> - </parts> - <applications> - <include file="../../../../libraries/eva/doc/src/refman"></include> - <include file="../../../../libraries/eva/doc/src/refman_snmp"></include> - </applications> - <pagetext>OS_Mon</pagetext> - <applications> - <include file="../../../../erts/lib/os_mon/doc/src/application"></include> - </applications> - <pagetext>SNMP</pagetext> - <parts lift="no"> - <title>SNMP User's Guide</title> - <include file="../../../../libraries/snmp/doc/src/part"></include> - </parts> - <applications> - <include file="../../../../libraries/snmp/doc/src/application"></include> - </applications> - <pagetext>Erlang/OTP Operation and Maintenance</pagetext> -</book> - diff --git a/system/doc/Books/src/orber_ic.xml b/system/doc/Books/src/orber_ic.xml deleted file mode 100644 index 16eb076dc7..0000000000 --- a/system/doc/Books/src/orber_ic.xml +++ /dev/null @@ -1,112 +0,0 @@ -<?xml version="1.0" encoding="latin1" ?> -<!DOCTYPE book SYSTEM "book.dtd"> - -<book> - <header titlestyle="special"> - <copyright> - <year>1999</year> - <year>2007</year> - <holder>Ericsson AB, All Rights Reserved</holder> - </copyright> - <legalnotice> - The contents of this file are subject to the Erlang Public License, - Version 1.1, (the "License"); you may not use this file except in - compliance with the License. You should have received a copy of the - Erlang Public License along with this software. If not, it can be - retrieved online at http://www.erlang.org/. - - Software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" - basis, WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See - the License for the specific language governing rights and limitations - under the License. - - The Initial Developer of the Original Code is Ericsson AB. - </legalnotice> - - <title>Erlang 5.1/OTP R8 CORBA and IDL Applications </title> - <prepared></prepared> - <docno>EN/LZT 151 810 R1</docno> - <date>1997-05-27</date> - <rev></rev> - <abbreviation></abbreviation> - </header> - <insidecover> - <include file="insidecover"></include> - </insidecover> - <pagetext>Erlang/OTP CORBA and IDL</pagetext> - <preamble> - <contents level="2"></contents> - <preface> - <p><em>Introduction</em> <br></br> - - This documentation describes the Open - Telecom Platform (Erlang/OTP), a middle-ware based on the Erlang - programming language, aiming at providing time-saving and flexible - development for robust, adaptable telecom systems.</p> - <p><em>Organization of the Documentation</em> <br></br> - - The documentation is divided into eight parts:</p> - <list type="bulleted"> - <item>Erlang 5.0/OTP R7 System Documentation, EN/LZT 1084095 R1</item> - <item>Erlang 5.0/OTP R7 Run-Time System and Basic Applications, - EN/LZT 108 4106 R1</item> - <item>Erlang 5.0/OTP R7 Standard Library Application, EN/LZT 108 4107 - R1</item> - <item>Erlang 5.0/OTP R7 Database Applications, EN/LZT 108 194 R3</item> - <item>Erlang 5.0/OTP R7 CORBA and IDL Applications, - EN/LZT 151 810 R2</item> - <item>Erlang 5.0/OTP R7 Interface and Communication Applications, - EN/LZT 108 4110 R1</item> - <item>Erlang 5.0/OTP R7 Operation and Maintenance Applications, - EN/LZT 108 4108 R1</item> - <item>Erlang 5.0/OTP R7 Tool Applications, EN/LZT 108 4109 R1</item> - </list> - <p><em>About this Book</em> <br></br> -</p> - <p>This book contains documentation about the six applications in Erlang/OTP that - implement the CORBA standard. - These applications are:</p> - <list type="bulleted"> - <item> - <p><em>IC</em>, a compiler for OMG Interface Definition - Language (IDL). - The OMG IDL is used for - language-independent interface specifications.</p> - <p>The compiler - is capable of producing;</p> - <list type="bulleted"> - <item>Erlang stub/skeleton code for CORBA (default behavior)</item> - <item>Erlang stub/skeleton code for OTP generic servers</item> - <item>C stub/skeleton code for OTP generic servers</item> - <item>Java stub/skeleton code for OTP generic servers</item> - <item>Erlang code for module interfaces</item> - </list> - </item> - <item><em>Orber</em>, which is an Object Request Broker that can be - used for - accessing distributed services in an - soft real-time environment. It is especially useful for applications - that use a heterogeneous - language environments.</item> - </list> - </preface> - </preamble> - <pagetext>IC</pagetext> - <parts lift="no"> - <title>IC User's Guide </title> - <include file="../../../../libraries/ic/doc/src/part"></include> - </parts> - <applications> - <include file="../../../../libraries/ic/doc/src/application"></include> - </applications> - <pagetext>Orber</pagetext> - <parts lift="no"> - <title>Orber User's Guide</title> - <include file="../../../../libraries/orber/doc/src/part"></include> - </parts> - <applications> - <include file="../../../../libraries/orber/doc/src/application"></include> - </applications> - <pagetext>Erlang/OTP CORBA and IDL</pagetext> -</book> - diff --git a/system/doc/Books/src/stdlib.xml b/system/doc/Books/src/stdlib.xml deleted file mode 100644 index 31ea0d6962..0000000000 --- a/system/doc/Books/src/stdlib.xml +++ /dev/null @@ -1,73 +0,0 @@ -<?xml version="1.0" encoding="latin1" ?> -<!DOCTYPE book SYSTEM "book.dtd"> - -<book> - <header titlestyle="special"> - <copyright> - <year>2000</year> - <year>2007</year> - <holder>Ericsson AB, All Rights Reserved</holder> - </copyright> - <legalnotice> - The contents of this file are subject to the Erlang Public License, - Version 1.1, (the "License"); you may not use this file except in - compliance with the License. You should have received a copy of the - Erlang Public License along with this software. If not, it can be - retrieved online at http://www.erlang.org/. - - Software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" - basis, WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See - the License for the specific language governing rights and limitations - under the License. - - The Initial Developer of the Original Code is Ericsson AB. - </legalnotice> - - <title>Erlang 5.1/OTP R8 Standard Library Application</title> - <prepared>Bengt Nilsson</prepared> - <docno></docno> - <date>2000-05-30</date> - <rev></rev> - </header> - <insidecover> - <include file="insidecover"></include> - </insidecover> - <pagetext>Erlang/OTP Standard Library Application</pagetext> - <preamble> - <contents level="2"></contents> - <preface> - <p><em>Introduction</em> <br></br> -This documentation describes the Open - Telecom Platform (Erlang/OTP), a middle-ware based on the Erlang - programming language, aiming at providing time-saving and flexible - development for robust, adaptable telecom systems.</p> - <p><em>Organization of the Documentation</em> <br></br> - - The documentation is divided into eight parts:</p> - <list type="bulleted"> - <item>Erlang 5.0/OTP R7 System Documentation, EN/LZT 1084095 R1</item> - <item>Erlang 5.0/OTP R7 Run-Time System and Basic Applications, - EN/LZT 108 4106 R1</item> - <item>Erlang 5.0/OTP R7 Standard Library Application, EN/LZT 108 4107 - R1</item> - <item>Erlang 5.0/OTP R7 Database Applications, EN/LZT 108 194 R3</item> - <item>Erlang 5.0/OTP R7 CORBA and IDL Applications, - EN/LZT 151 810 R2</item> - <item>Erlang 5.0/OTP R7 Interface and Communication Applications, - EN/LZT 108 4110 R1</item> - <item>Erlang 5.0/OTP R7 Operation and Maintenance Applications, - EN/LZT 108 4108 R1</item> - <item>Erlang 5.0/OTP R7 Tool Applications, EN/LZT 108 4109 R1</item> - </list> - <p><em>About this Book</em> <br></br> -</p> - <p>This book describes all standard libraries in Erlang/OTP. - It contains modules for manipulating lists, strings, and files etc. - </p> - </preface> - </preamble> - <applications> - <include file="../../../../erts/lib/stdlib/doc/src/application"></include> - </applications> -</book> - diff --git a/system/doc/Books/src/tools.xml b/system/doc/Books/src/tools.xml deleted file mode 100644 index 9d7bf45f31..0000000000 --- a/system/doc/Books/src/tools.xml +++ /dev/null @@ -1,139 +0,0 @@ -<?xml version="1.0" encoding="latin1" ?> -<!DOCTYPE book SYSTEM "book.dtd"> - -<book> - <header titlestyle="special"> - <copyright> - <year>2000</year> - <year>2007</year> - <holder>Ericsson AB, All Rights Reserved</holder> - </copyright> - <legalnotice> - The contents of this file are subject to the Erlang Public License, - Version 1.1, (the "License"); you may not use this file except in - compliance with the License. You should have received a copy of the - Erlang Public License along with this software. If not, it can be - retrieved online at http://www.erlang.org/. - - Software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" - basis, WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See - the License for the specific language governing rights and limitations - under the License. - - The Initial Developer of the Original Code is Ericsson AB. - </legalnotice> - - <title>Erlang 5.1/OTP R8 Tool Applications</title> - <prepared>Bengt Nilsson</prepared> - <docno></docno> - <date>2000-02-09</date> - <rev></rev> - </header> - <insidecover> - <include file="insidecover"></include> - </insidecover> - <pagetext>Erlang/OTP Tools</pagetext> - <preamble> - <contents level="1"></contents> - <preface> - <p><em>Introduction</em> <br></br> -This documentation describes the Open - Telecom Platform (Erlang/OTP), a middle-ware based on the Erlang - programming language, aiming at providing time-saving and flexible - development for robust, adaptable telecom systems.</p> - <p><em>Organization of the Documentation</em> <br></br> - - The documentation is divided into eight parts:</p> - <list type="bulleted"> - <item>Erlang 5.0/OTP R7 System Documentation, EN/LZT 1084095 R1</item> - <item>Erlang 5.0/OTP R7 Run-Time System and Basic Applications, - EN/LZT 108 4106 R1</item> - <item>Erlang 5.0/OTP R7 Standard Library Application, - EN/LZT 108 4107 R1</item> - <item>Erlang 5.0/OTP R7 Database Applications, EN/LZT 108 194 R3</item> - <item>Erlang 5.0/OTP R7 CORBA and IDL Applications, - EN/LZT 151 810 R2</item> - <item>Erlang 5.0/OTP R7 Interface and Communication Applications, - EN/LZT 108 4110 R1</item> - <item>Erlang 5.0/OTP R7 Operation and Maintenance Applications, - EN/LZT 108 4108 R1</item> - <item>Erlang 5.0/OTP R7 Tool Applications, EN/LZT 108 4109 R1</item> - </list> - <p><em>About this Book</em> <br></br> -This book contains User's Guides - and Reference Manuals - for the following applications:</p> - <list type="bulleted"> - <item>Appmon</item> - <item>Debugger</item> - <item>Pman</item> - <item>Toolbar</item> - <item>Tools</item> - <item>TV</item> - </list> - <p>For the following applications, only Reference Manuals are available:</p> - <list type="bulleted"> - <item>Parsetools</item> - <item>Runtime_Tools</item> - </list> - </preface> - </preamble> - <pagetext>Appmon</pagetext> - <parts lift="yes"> - <title>Appmon User's Guide</title> - <include file="../../../../libraries/appmon/doc/src/part"></include> - </parts> - <applications> - <include file="../../../../libraries/appmon/doc/src/application"></include> - </applications> - <pagetext>Debugger</pagetext> - <parts lift="yes"> - <title>Debugger User's Guide</title> - <include file="../../../../tools/debugger/doc/src/part"></include> - </parts> - <applications> - <include file="../../../../tools/debugger/doc/src/application"></include> - </applications> - <pagetext>Pman</pagetext> - <parts lift="yes"> - <title>Pman User's Guide</title> - <include file="../../../../tools/pman/doc/src/part"></include> - </parts> - <applications> - <include file="../../../../tools/pman/doc/src/application"></include> - </applications> - <pagetext>Toolbar</pagetext> - <parts lift="yes"> - <title>Toolbar User's Guide</title> - <include file="../../../../tools/toolbar/doc/src/part"></include> - </parts> - <applications> - <include file="../../../../tools/toolbar/doc/src/application"></include> - </applications> - <pagetext>Tools</pagetext> - <parts lift="no"> - <title>Tools User's Guide</title> - <include file="../../../../tools/tools/doc/src/part"></include> - </parts> - <applications> - <include file="../../../../tools/tools/doc/src/application"></include> - </applications> - <pagetext>TV</pagetext> - <parts lift="yes"> - <title>TV User's Guide</title> - <include file="../../../../tools/tv/doc/src/part"></include> - </parts> - <applications> - <include file="../../../../tools/tv/doc/src/application"></include> - </applications> - <pagetext>Parsetools</pagetext> - <applications> - <include file="../../../../tools/parsetools/doc/src/application"></include> - </applications> - <pagetext>Runtime_Tools</pagetext> - <applications> - <include file="../../../../tools/runtime_tools/doc/src/refman"></include> - </applications> - <pagetext>Erlang/OTP Tools</pagetext> -</book> - diff --git a/system/doc/Books/src/ug.xml b/system/doc/Books/src/ug.xml deleted file mode 100644 index 15b3dc0a31..0000000000 --- a/system/doc/Books/src/ug.xml +++ /dev/null @@ -1,127 +0,0 @@ -<?xml version="1.0" encoding="latin1" ?> -<!DOCTYPE book SYSTEM "book.dtd"> - -<book> - <header titlestyle="special"> - <copyright> - <year>1997</year> - <year>2007</year> - <holder>Ericsson AB, All Rights Reserved</holder> - </copyright> - <legalnotice> - The contents of this file are subject to the Erlang Public License, - Version 1.1, (the "License"); you may not use this file except in - compliance with the License. You should have received a copy of the - Erlang Public License along with this software. If not, it can be - retrieved online at http://www.erlang.org/. - - Software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" - basis, WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See - the License for the specific language governing rights and limitations - under the License. - - The Initial Developer of the Original Code is Ericsson AB. - </legalnotice> - - <title>Erlang 5.1/OTP R8 System Documentation</title> - <prepared></prepared> - <docno>EN/LZT 151 247 R2</docno> - <date></date> - <rev></rev> - </header> - <insidecover> - <include file="insidecover"></include> - </insidecover> - <pagetext>Erlang/OTP System Documentation</pagetext> - <preamble> - <contents level="2"></contents> - <preface> - <p><em>Introduction</em> <br></br> -This documentation describes the Open - Telecom Platform (Erlang/OTP), a middle-ware based on the Erlang - programming language, aiming at providing time-saving and flexible - development for robust, adaptable telecom systems.</p> - <p><em>Organization of the Documentation</em> <br></br> - - The documentation is divided into eight parts:</p> - <list type="bulleted"> - <item>Erlang 5.0/OTP R7 System Documentation, EN/LZT 1084095 R1</item> - <item>Erlang 5.0/OTP R7 Run-Time System and Basic Applications, - EN/LZT 108 4106 R1</item> - <item>Erlang 5.0/OTP R7 Standard Library Application, EN/LZT 108 4107 - R1</item> - <item>Erlang 5.0/OTP R7 Database Applications, EN/LZT 108 194 R3</item> - <item>Erlang 5.0/OTP R7 CORBA and IDL Applications, - EN/LZT 151 810 R2</item> - <item>Erlang 5.0/OTP R7 Interface and Communication Applications, - EN/LZT 108 4110 R1</item> - <item>Erlang 5.0/OTP R7 Operation and Maintenance Applications, - EN/LZT 108 4108 R1</item> - <item>Erlang 5.0/OTP R7 Tool Applications, EN/LZT 108 4109 R1</item> - </list> - <p><em>About this Book</em> <br></br> - This book is the starting point of the documentation and contains information about the Erlang programming language and runtime system, the OTP design principles, and how to install and configure Erlang/OTP.</p> - <list type="bulleted"> - <item>Chapter 1: Introduction</item> - <item>Chapter 2: "Getting Started with Erlang" gives an introduction to the Erlang runtime system and to tools such as Compiler and Debugger.</item> - <item>Chapter 3: "OTP Design Principles" describes a way to structure Erlang code in terms of applications and supervision trees. The standard behaviors are described and examples illustrate how to apply these behaviors to typical applications.</item> - <item>Chapter 4: "System Principles" describes the strategies - and options, which are available to start an Erlang/OTP system. </item> - <item>Chapter 5: "Operation and Management Principles" describes the model for operation and maintenance of sub-systems.</item> - <item>Chapter 6: "Installation Guide"gives guidelines on how to install Erlang/OTP on UNIX or Windows.</item> - <item>Chapter 7: "Embedded Systems" is a supplement to "Installation Guide", It describes issues that are specific for running Erlang/OTP on an embedded system.</item> - <item>Chapter 8: "Erlang Extensions Since 4.4" lists all extensions to the Erlang programming languages since the latest version of the book <em>Concurrent Programming in ERLANG</em>.</item> - <item>Chapter 9: "Interoperability Tutorial" gives an orientation of the different - interoperability mechanisms, which can be used when integrating an - Erlang program with a program written in an other programming language.</item> - </list> - </preface> - </preamble> - <pagetext>Introduction</pagetext> - <parts lift="yes"> - <title>Introduction</title> - <include file="../../system_architecture_intro/part"></include> - </parts> - <pagetext>Getting Started with Erlang</pagetext> - <parts lift="yes"> - <title>Getting Started with Erlang</title> - <include file="../../getting_started/part"></include> - </parts> - <pagetext>Design Principles</pagetext> - <parts lift="no"> - <title>OTP Design Principles</title> - <include file="../../design_principles/part"></include> - </parts> - <pagetext>System Principles</pagetext> - <parts lift="yes"> - <title>System Principles</title> - <include file="../../system_principles/part"></include> - </parts> - <pagetext>Operation and Management Principles</pagetext> - <parts lift="yes"> - <title>Operation and Management Principles</title> - <include file="../../oam/part"></include> - </parts> - <pagetext>Installation Guide</pagetext> - <parts lift="no"> - <title>Installation Guide</title> - <include file="../../../../system/doc/installation_guide/part"></include> - </parts> - <pagetext>Embedded System</pagetext> - <parts lift="no"> - <title>Embedded System</title> - <include file="../../../../system/doc/embedded/part"></include> - </parts> - <pagetext>Erlang Extensions since 4.4</pagetext> - <parts lift="no"> - <title>Erlang Extensions since 4.4</title> - <include file="../../../../system/doc/extensions/part"></include> - </parts> - <pagetext>Interoperability Tutorial</pagetext> - <parts lift="no"> - <title>Interoperability Tutorial</title> - <include file="../../tutorial/part"></include> - </parts> - <pagetext>Erlang/OTP System Documentation</pagetext> -</book> - diff --git a/system/doc/reference_manual/typespec.xml b/system/doc/reference_manual/typespec.xml index 52dc0c943e..f08639f9a1 100755 --- a/system/doc/reference_manual/typespec.xml +++ b/system/doc/reference_manual/typespec.xml @@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ <chapter> <header> <copyright> - <year>2003</year><year>2009</year> + <year>2003</year><year>2010</year> <holder>Ericsson AB. All Rights Reserved.</holder> </copyright> <legalnotice> @@ -32,29 +32,24 @@ <section> <title>Introduction of Types</title> <p> - Although Erlang is a dynamically typed language this section describes - an extension to the Erlang language for declaring sets of Erlang terms - to form a particular type, effectively forming a specific sub-type of the - set of all Erlang terms. + Erlang is a dynamically typed language. Still, it comes with a + language extension for declaring sets of Erlang terms to form a + particular type, effectively forming a specific sub-type of the set + of all Erlang terms. </p> <p> - Subsequently, these types can be used to specify types of record fields - and the argument and return types of functions. + Subsequently, these types can be used to specify types of record fields + and the argument and return types of functions. </p> <p> - Type information can be used to document function interfaces, - provide more information for bug detection tools such as <c>Dialyzer</c>, - and can be exploited by documentation tools such as <c>Edoc</c> for - generating program documentation of various forms. - It is expected that the type language described in this document will - supersede and replace the purely comment-based <c>@type</c> and + Type information can be used to document function interfaces, + provide more information for bug detection tools such as <c>Dialyzer</c>, + and can be exploited by documentation tools such as <c>Edoc</c> for + generating program documentation of various forms. + It is expected that the type language described in this document will + supersede and replace the purely comment-based <c>@type</c> and <c>@spec</c> declarations used by <c>Edoc</c>. </p> - <warning> - The syntax and semantics described here is still preliminary and might be - slightly changed and extended before it becomes officially supported. - The plan is that this will happen in R14B. - </warning> </section> <section> <marker id="syntax"></marker> @@ -139,326 +134,334 @@ Tuple :: tuple() %% stands for a tuple of any size TList :: Type | Type, TList ]]></pre> - <p> - Because lists are commonly used, they have shorthand type notations. - The type <c>list(T)</c> has the shorthand <c>[T]</c>. The shorthand <c>[T,...]</c> stands for - the set of non-empty proper lists whose elements are of type <c>T</c>. - The only difference between the two shorthands is that <c>[T]</c> may be an - empty list but <c>[T,...]</c> may not. - </p> - <p> - Notice that the shorthand for <c>list()</c>, i.e. the list of elements of unknown type, - is <c>[_]</c> (or <c>[any()]</c>), not <c>[]</c>. - The notation <c>[]</c> specifies the singleton type for the empty list. - </p> - <p> - For convenience, the following types are also built-in. - They can be thought as predefined aliases for the type unions also shown in - the table. (Some type unions below slightly abuse the syntax of types.) - </p> - <table> - <row> - <cell><b>Built-in type</b></cell><cell><b>Stands for</b></cell> - </row> - <row> - <cell><c>term()</c></cell><cell><c>any()</c></cell> - </row> - <row> - <cell><c>bool()</c></cell><cell><c>'false' | 'true'</c></cell> - </row> - <row> - <cell><c>byte()</c></cell><cell><c>0..255</c></cell> - </row> - <row> - <cell><c>char()</c></cell><cell><c>0..16#10ffff</c></cell> - </row> - <row> - <cell><c>non_neg_integer()</c></cell><cell><c>0..</c></cell> - </row> - <row> - <cell><c>pos_integer()</c></cell><cell><c>1..</c></cell> - </row> - <row> - <cell><c>neg_integer()</c></cell><cell><c>..-1</c></cell> - </row> - <row> - <cell><c>number()</c></cell><cell><c>integer() | float()</c></cell> - </row> - <row> - <cell><c>list()</c></cell><cell><c>[any()]</c></cell> - </row> - <row> - <cell><c>maybe_improper_list()</c></cell><cell><c>maybe_improper_list(any(), any())</c></cell> - </row> - <row> - <cell><c>maybe_improper_list(T)</c></cell><cell><c>maybe_improper_list(T, any())</c></cell> - </row> - <row> - <cell><c>string()</c></cell><cell><c>[char()]</c></cell> - </row> - <row> - <cell><c>nonempty_string()</c></cell><cell><c>[char(),...]</c></cell> - </row> - <row> - <cell><c>iolist()</c></cell><cell><c>maybe_improper_list( -char() | binary() | iolist(), binary() | [])</c></cell> - </row> - <row> - <cell><c>module()</c></cell><cell><c>atom()</c></cell> - </row> - <row> - <cell><c>mfa()</c></cell><cell><c>{atom(),atom(),byte()}</c></cell> - </row> - <row> - <cell><c>node()</c></cell><cell><c>atom()</c></cell> - </row> - <row> - <cell><c>timeout()</c></cell><cell><c>'infinity' | non_neg_integer()</c></cell> - </row> - <row> - <cell><c>no_return()</c></cell><cell><c>none()</c></cell> - </row> - </table> - - <p> - Users are not allowed to define types with the same names as the predefined or - built-in ones. - This is checked by the compiler and its violation results in a compilation - error. - (For bootstrapping purposes, it can also result to just a warning if this - involves a built-in type which has just been introduced.) - </p> - <note> - The following built-in list types also exist, - but they are expected to be rarely used. Hence, they have long names: - </note> - <pre> + <p> + Because lists are commonly used, they have shorthand type notations. + The type <c>list(T)</c> has the shorthand <c>[T]</c>. + The shorthand <c>[T,...]</c> stands for + the set of non-empty proper lists whose elements are of type <c>T</c>. + The only difference between the two shorthands is that <c>[T]</c> may be an + empty list but <c>[T,...]</c> may not. + </p> + <p> + Notice that the shorthand for <c>list()</c>, i.e. the list of + elements of unknown type, is <c>[_]</c> (or <c>[any()]</c>), not <c>[]</c>. + The notation <c>[]</c> specifies the singleton type for the empty list. + </p> + <p> + For convenience, the following types are also built-in. + They can be thought as predefined aliases for the type unions also shown in + the table. (Some type unions below slightly abuse the syntax of types.) + </p> + <table> + <row> + <cell><b>Built-in type</b></cell><cell><b>Stands for</b></cell> + </row> + <row> + <cell><c>term()</c></cell><cell><c>any()</c></cell> + </row> + <row> + <cell><c>boolean()</c></cell><cell><c>'false' | 'true'</c></cell> + </row> + <row> + <cell><c>byte()</c></cell><cell><c>0..255</c></cell> + </row> + <row> + <cell><c>char()</c></cell><cell><c>0..16#10ffff</c></cell> + </row> + <row> + <cell><c>non_neg_integer()</c></cell><cell><c>0..</c></cell> + </row> + <row> + <cell><c>pos_integer()</c></cell><cell><c>1..</c></cell> + </row> + <row> + <cell><c>neg_integer()</c></cell><cell><c>..-1</c></cell> + </row> + <row> + <cell><c>number()</c></cell><cell><c>integer() | float()</c></cell> + </row> + <row> + <cell><c>list()</c></cell><cell><c>[any()]</c></cell> + </row> + <row> + <cell><c>maybe_improper_list()</c></cell><cell><c>maybe_improper_list(any(), any())</c></cell> + </row> + <row> + <cell><c>maybe_improper_list(T)</c></cell><cell><c>maybe_improper_list(T, any())</c></cell> + </row> + <row> + <cell><c>string()</c></cell><cell><c>[char()]</c></cell> + </row> + <row> + <cell><c>nonempty_string()</c></cell><cell><c>[char(),...]</c></cell> + </row> + <row> + <cell><c>iolist()</c></cell><cell><c>maybe_improper_list(char() | binary() | iolist(), binary() | [])</c></cell> + </row> + <row> + <cell><c>module()</c></cell><cell><c>atom()</c></cell> + </row> + <row> + <cell><c>mfa()</c></cell><cell><c>{atom(),atom(),byte()}</c></cell> + </row> + <row> + <cell><c>node()</c></cell><cell><c>atom()</c></cell> + </row> + <row> + <cell><c>timeout()</c></cell><cell><c>'infinity' | non_neg_integer()</c></cell> + </row> + <row> + <cell><c>no_return()</c></cell><cell><c>none()</c></cell> + </row> + </table> + + <p> + Users are not allowed to define types with the same names as the + predefined or built-in ones. This is checked by the compiler and + its violation results in a compilation error. + (For bootstrapping purposes, it can also result to just a warning if this + involves a built-in type which has just been introduced.) + </p> + <note> + The following built-in list types also exist, + but they are expected to be rarely used. Hence, they have long names: + </note> + <pre> nonempty_maybe_improper_list(Type) :: nonempty_maybe_improper_list(Type, any()) -nonempty_maybe_improper_list() :: nonempty_maybe_improper_list(any()) - </pre> - <p> - where the following two types - define the set of Erlang terms one would expect: - </p> - <pre> +nonempty_maybe_improper_list() :: nonempty_maybe_improper_list(any())</pre> + <p> + where the following two types + define the set of Erlang terms one would expect: + </p> + <pre> nonempty_improper_list(Type1, Type2) -nonempty_maybe_improper_list(Type1, Type2) - </pre> - <p> - Also for convenience, we allow for record notation to be used. - Records are just shorthands for the corresponding tuples. - </p> - <pre> +nonempty_maybe_improper_list(Type1, Type2)</pre> + <p> + Also for convenience, we allow for record notation to be used. + Records are just shorthands for the corresponding tuples. + </p> + <pre> Record :: #Erlang_Atom{} - | #Erlang_Atom{Fields} - </pre> + | #Erlang_Atom{Fields}</pre> + <p> + Records have been extended to possibly contain type information. + This is described in the sub-section <seealso marker="#typeinrecords">"Type information in record declarations"</seealso> below. + </p> + </section> + + <section> + <title>Type declarations of user-defined types</title> <p> - Records have been extended to possibly contain type information. - This is described in the sub-section <seealso marker="#typeinrecords">"Type information in record declarations"</seealso> below. - </p> - </section> - - <section> - <title>Type declarations of user-defined types</title> - <p> - As seen, the basic syntax of a type is an atom followed by closed - parentheses. New types are declared using '-type' compiler attributes - as in the following: - </p> - <pre> --type my_type() :: Type. - </pre> - <p> - where the type name is an atom (<c>'my_type'</c> in the above) followed by - parenthesis. Type is a type as defined in the previous section. - A current restriction is that Type can contain only predefined types - or user-defined types which have been previously defined. - This restriction is enforced by the compiler and results in a - compilation error. (A similar restriction currently exists for records). - </p> - <p> - This means that currently general recursive types cannot be defined. - Lifting this restriction is future work. - </p> - <p> - Type declarations can also be parameterized by including type variables - between the parentheses. The syntax of type variables is the same as - Erlang variables (starts with an upper case letter). - Naturally, these variables can - and should - appear on the RHS of the - definition. A concrete example appears below: - </p> - <pre> --type orddict(Key, Val) :: [{Key, Val}]. - </pre> - - </section> - - <marker id="typeinrecords"/> - <section> - <title> - Type information in record declarations - </title> - <p> - The types of record fields can be specified in the declaration of the - record. The syntax for this is: - </p> - <pre> --record(rec, {field1 :: Type1, field2, field3 :: Type3}). - </pre> - <p> - For fields without type annotations, their type defaults to any(). - I.e., the above is a shorthand for: - </p> - <pre> --record(rec, {field1 :: Type1, field2 :: any(), field3 :: Type3}). - </pre> - <p> - In the presence of initial values for fields, - the type must be declared after the initialization as in the following: - </p> - <pre> --record(rec, {field1 = [] :: Type1, field2, field3 = 42 :: Type3}). - </pre> - <p> - Naturally, the initial values for fields should be compatible - with (i.e. a member of) the corresponding types. - This is checked by the compiler and results in a compilation error - if a violation is detected. For fields without initial values, - the singleton type <c>'undefined'</c> is added to all declared types. - In other words, the following two record declarations have identical - effects: - </p> - <pre> + As seen, the basic syntax of a type is an atom followed by closed + parentheses. New types are declared using '-type' and '-opaque' + compiler attributes as in the following: + </p> + <pre> +-type my_struct_type() :: Type. +-opaque my_opaq_type() :: Type.</pre> + <p> + where the type name is an atom (<c>'my_struct_type'</c> in the above) + followed by parentheses. Type is a type as defined in the + previous section. + A current restriction is that Type can contain only predefined types, + or user-defined types which are either module-local (i.e., with a + definition that is present in the code of the module) or are remote + types (i.e., types defined in and exported by other modules; see below). + For module-local types, the restriction that their definition + exists in the module is enforced by the compiler and results in a + compilation error. (A similar restriction currently exists for records.) + </p> + <p> + Type declarations can also be parameterized by including type variables + between the parentheses. The syntax of type variables is the same as + Erlang variables (starts with an upper case letter). + Naturally, these variables can - and should - appear on the RHS of the + definition. A concrete example appears below: + </p> + <pre> +-type orddict(Key, Val) :: [{Key, Val}].</pre> + <p> + A module can export some types in order to declare that other modules + are allowed to refer to them as <em>remote types</em>. + This declaration has the following form: + <pre> +-export_type([T1/A1, ..., Tk/Ak]).</pre> + where the Ti's are atoms (the name of the type) and the Ai's are their + arguments. An example is given below: + <pre> +-export_type([my_struct_type/0, orddict/2]).</pre> + Assuming that these types are exported from module <c>'mod'</c> then + one can refer to them from other modules using remote type expressions + like those below: + <pre> +mod:my_struct_type() +mod:orddict(atom(), term())</pre> + One is not allowed to refer to types which are not declared as exported. + </p> + <p> + Types declared as <c>opaque</c> represent sets of terms whose + structure is not supposed to be visible in any way outside of + their defining module (i.e., only the module defining them is + allowed to depend on their term structure). Consequently, such + types do not make much sense as module local - module local + types are not accessible by other modules anyway - and should + always be exported. + </p> + </section> + + <marker id="typeinrecords"/> + <section> + <title>Type information in record declarations</title> + <p> + The types of record fields can be specified in the declaration of the + record. The syntax for this is: + </p> + <pre> +-record(rec, {field1 :: Type1, field2, field3 :: Type3}).</pre> + <p> + For fields without type annotations, their type defaults to any(). + I.e., the above is a shorthand for: + </p> + <pre> +-record(rec, {field1 :: Type1, field2 :: any(), field3 :: Type3}).</pre> + <p> + In the presence of initial values for fields, + the type must be declared after the initialization as in the following: + </p> + <pre> +-record(rec, {field1 = [] :: Type1, field2, field3 = 42 :: Type3}).</pre> + <p> + Naturally, the initial values for fields should be compatible + with (i.e. a member of) the corresponding types. + This is checked by the compiler and results in a compilation error + if a violation is detected. For fields without initial values, + the singleton type <c>'undefined'</c> is added to all declared types. + In other words, the following two record declarations have identical + effects: + </p> + <pre> -record(rec, {f1 = 42 :: integer(), f2 :: float(), - f3 :: 'a' | 'b'). + f3 :: 'a' | 'b'}). -record(rec, {f1 = 42 :: integer(), f2 :: 'undefined' | float(), - f3 :: 'undefined' | 'a' | 'b'). - </pre> - <p> - For this reason, it is recommended that records contain initializers, - whenever possible. - </p> - <p> - Any record, containing type information or not, once defined, - can be used as a type using the syntax: - </p> - <pre> -#rec{} - </pre> - <p> - In addition, the record fields can be further specified when using - a record type by adding type information about the field in the following - manner: - </p> - <pre> -#rec{some_field :: Type} - </pre> - <p> - Any unspecified fields are assumed to have the type in the original - record declaration. - </p> - </section> + f3 :: 'undefined' | 'a' | 'b'}).</pre> + <p> + For this reason, it is recommended that records contain initializers, + whenever possible. + </p> + <p> + Any record, containing type information or not, once defined, + can be used as a type using the syntax: + </p> + <pre> +#rec{}</pre> + <p> + In addition, the record fields can be further specified when using + a record type by adding type information about the field in + the following manner: + </p> + <pre> +#rec{some_field :: Type}</pre> + <p> + Any unspecified fields are assumed to have the type in the original + record declaration. + </p> + </section> - <section> - <title>Specifications (contracts) for functions</title> - <p> - A contract (or specification) for a function is given using the new - compiler attribute <c>'-spec'</c>. The basic format is as follows: - </p> - <pre> --spec Module:Function(ArgType1, ..., ArgTypeN) -> ReturnType. - </pre> - <p> - The arity of the function has to match the number of arguments, - or else a compilation error occurs. - </p> - <p> - This form can also be used in header files (.hrl) to declare type - information for exported functions. - Then these header files can be included in files that (implicitly or - explicitly) import these functions. - </p> - <p> - For most uses within a given module, the following shorthand is allowed: - </p> - <pre> --spec Function(ArgType1, ..., ArgTypeN) -> ReturnType. - </pre> - <p> - Also, for documentation purposes, argument names can be given: - </p> - <pre> --spec Function(ArgName1 :: Type1, ..., ArgNameN :: TypeN) -> RT. - </pre> - <p> - A function specification can be overloaded. - That is, it can have several types, separated by a semicolon (<c>;</c>): - </p> - <pre> + <section> + <title>Specifications for functions</title> + <p> + A specification (or contract) for a function is given using the new + compiler attribute <c>'-spec'</c>. The general format is as follows: + </p> + <pre> +-spec Module:Function(ArgType1, ..., ArgTypeN) -> ReturnType.</pre> + <p> + The arity of the function has to match the number of arguments, + or else a compilation error occurs. + </p> + <p> + This form can also be used in header files (.hrl) to declare type + information for exported functions. + Then these header files can be included in files that (implicitly or + explicitly) import these functions. + </p> + <p> + For most uses within a given module, the following shorthand suffices: + </p> + <pre> +-spec Function(ArgType1, ..., ArgTypeN) -> ReturnType.</pre> + <p> + Also, for documentation purposes, argument names can be given: + </p> + <pre> +-spec Function(ArgName1 :: Type1, ..., ArgNameN :: TypeN) -> RT.</pre> + <p> + A function specification can be overloaded. + That is, it can have several types, separated by a semicolon (<c>;</c>): + </p> + <pre> -spec foo(T1, T2) -> T3 - ; (T4, T5) -> T6. - </pre> - <p> - A current restriction, which currently results in a warning - (OBS: not an error) by the compiler, is that the domains of the argument - types cannot be overlapping. - For example, the following specification results in a warning: - </p> - <pre> + ; (T4, T5) -> T6.</pre> + <p> + A current restriction, which currently results in a warning + (OBS: not an error) by the compiler, is that the domains of + the argument types cannot be overlapping. + For example, the following specification results in a warning: + </p> + <pre> -spec foo(pos_integer()) -> pos_integer() - ; (integer()) -> integer(). - </pre> - <p> - Type variables can be used in specifications to specify relations for - the input and output arguments of a function. - For example, the following specification defines the type of a - polymorphic identity function: - </p> - <pre> --spec id(X) -> X. - </pre> - <p> - However, note that the above specification does not restrict the input - and output type in any way. - We can constrain these types by guard-like subtype constraints: - </p> - <pre> --spec id(X) -> X when is_subtype(X, tuple()). - </pre> - <p> - and provide bounded quantification. Currently, - the <c>is_subtype/2</c> guard is the only guard which can - be used in a <c>'-spec'</c> attribute. - </p> - <p> - The scope of an <c>is_subtype/2</c> constraint is the - <c>(...) -> RetType</c> - specification after which it appears. To avoid confusion, - we suggest that different variables are used in different constituents of - an overloaded contract as in the example below: - </p> - <pre> --spec foo({X, integer()}) -> X when is_subtype(X, atom()) - ; ([Y]) -> Y when is_subtype(Y, number()). - </pre> - <p> - Some functions in Erlang are not meant to return; - either because they define servers or because they are used to - throw exceptions as the function below: - </p> - <pre> -my_error(Err) -> erlang:throw({error, Err}). - </pre> - <p> - For such functions we recommend the use of the special no_return() - type for their "return", via a contract of the form: - </p> - <pre> --spec my_error(term()) -> no_return(). - </pre> - </section> + ; (integer()) -> integer().</pre> + <p> + Type variables can be used in specifications to specify relations for + the input and output arguments of a function. + For example, the following specification defines the type of a + polymorphic identity function: + </p> + <pre> +-spec id(X) -> X.</pre> + <p> + However, note that the above specification does not restrict the input + and output type in any way. + We can constrain these types by guard-like subtype constraints: + </p> + <pre> +-spec id(X) -> X when is_subtype(X, tuple()).</pre> + <p> + or equivalently by the more succinct and more modern form of the above: + </p> + <pre> +-spec id(X) -> X when X :: tuple().</pre> + <p> + and provide bounded quantification. Currently, the <c>::</c> constraint + (the <c>is_subtype/2</c> guard) is the only guard constraint which can + be used in the <c>'when'</c> part of a <c>'-spec'</c> attribute. + </p> + <p> + The scope of an <c>::</c> constraint is the + <c>(...) -> RetType</c> + specification after which it appears. To avoid confusion, + we suggest that different variables are used in different + constituents of an overloaded contract as in the example below: + </p> + <pre> +-spec foo({X, integer()}) -> X when X :: atom() + ; ([Y]) -> Y when Y :: number().</pre> + <p> + Some functions in Erlang are not meant to return; + either because they define servers or because they are used to + throw exceptions as the function below: + </p> + <pre> +my_error(Err) -> erlang:throw({error, Err}).</pre> + <p> + For such functions we recommend the use of the special no_return() + type for their "return", via a contract of the form: + </p> + <pre> +-spec my_error(term()) -> no_return().</pre> + </section> </chapter> |