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This complements the `map_get/2` guard BIF introduced in #1784.
Rationale.
`map_get/2` allows accessing map fields in guards, but it might be
problematic in more complex guard expressions, for example:
foo(X) when map_get(a, X) =:= 1 or is_list(X) -> ...
The `is_list/1` part of the guard could never succeed since the
`map_get/2` guard would fail the whole guard expression. In this
situation, this could be solved by using `;` instead of `or` to separate
the guards, but it is not possible in every case.
To solve this situation, this PR proposes a `is_map_key/2` guard that
allows to check if a map has key inside a guard before trying to access
that key. When combined with `is_map/1` this allows to construct a
purely boolean guard expression testing a value of a key in a map.
Implementation.
Given the use case motivating the introduction of this function, the PR
contains compiler optimisations that produce optimial code for the
following guard expression:
foo(X) when is_map(X) and is_map_key(a, X) and map_get(a, X) =:= 1 -> ok;
foo(_) -> error.
Given all three tests share the failure label, the `is_map_key/2` and
`is_map/2` tests are optimised away.
As with `map_get/2` the `is_map_key/2` BIF is allowed in match specs.
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* 'map-get-bif' of git://github.com/michalmuskala/otp:
Introduce map_get guard-safe function
OTP-15037
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Rationale
Today all compound data types except for maps can be deconstructed in guards.
For tuples we have `element/2` and for lists `hd/1` and `tl/1`. Maps are
completely opaque to guards. This means matching on maps can't be
abstracted into macros, which is often done with repetitive guards. It
also means that maps have to be always selected whole from ETS tables,
even when only one field would be enough, which creates a potential
efficiency issue.
This PR introduces an `erlang:map_get/2` guard-safe function that allows
extracting a map field in guard. An alternative to this function would be
to introduce the syntax for extracting a value from a map that was planned
in the original EEP: `Map#{Key}`.
Even outside of guards, since this function is a guard-BIF it is more
efficient than using `maps:get/2` (since it does not need to set up the
stack), and more convenient from pattern matching on the map (compare:
`#{key := Value} = Map, Value` to `map_get(key, Map)`).
Performance considerations
A common concern against adding this function is the notion that "guards
have to be fast" and ideally execute in constant time. While there are
some counterexamples (`length/1`), what is more important is the fact
that adding those functions does not change in any way the time
complexity of pattern matching - it's already possible to match on map
fields today directly in patterns - adding this ability to guards will
niether slow down or speed up the execution, it will only make certain
programs more convenient to write.
This first version is very naive and does not perform any optimizations.
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This commit replaces the old memory instrumentation with a new
implementation that scans carriers instead of wrapping
erts_alloc/erts_free. The old implementation could not extract
information without halting the emulator, had considerable runtime
overhead, and the memory maps it produced were noisy and lacked
critical information.
Since the new implementation walks through existing data structures
there's no longer a need to start the emulator with special flags to
get information about carrier utilization/fragmentation. Memory
fragmentation is also easier to diagnose as it's presented on a
per-carrier basis which eliminates the need to account for "holes"
between mmap segments.
To help track allocations, each allocation can now be tagged with
what it is and who allocated it at the cost of one extra word per
allocation. This is controlled on a per-allocator basis with the
+M<S>atags option, and is enabled by default for binary_alloc and
driver_alloc (which is also used by NIFs).
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Communication between Erlang processes has conceptually always been
performed through asynchronous signaling. The runtime system
implementation has however previously preformed most operation
synchronously. In a system with only one true thread of execution, this
is not problematic (often the opposite). In a system with multiple threads
of execution (as current runtime system implementation with SMP support)
it becomes problematic. This since it often involves locking of structures
when updating them which in turn cause resource contention. Utilizing
true asynchronous communication often avoids these resource contention
issues.
The case that triggered this change was contention on the link lock due
to frequent updates of the monitor trees during communication with a
frequently used server. The signal order delivery guarantees of the
language makes it hard to change the implementation of only some signals
to use true asynchronous signaling. Therefore the implementations
of (almost) all signals have been changed.
Currently the following signals have been implemented as true
asynchronous signals:
- Message signals
- Exit signals
- Monitor signals
- Demonitor signals
- Monitor triggered signals (DOWN, CHANGE, etc)
- Link signals
- Unlink signals
- Group leader signals
All of the above already defined as asynchronous signals in the
language. The implementation of messages signals was quite
asynchronous to begin with, but had quite strict delivery constraints
due to the ordering guarantees of signals between a pair of processes.
The previously used message queue partitioned into two halves has been
replaced by a more general signal queue partitioned into three parts
that service all kinds of signals. More details regarding the signal
queue can be found in comments in the erl_proc_sig_queue.h file.
The monitor and link implementations have also been completely replaced
in order to fit the new asynchronous signaling implementation as good
as possible. More details regarding the new monitor and link
implementations can be found in the erl_monitor_link.h file.
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for kernel to ask erts about distribution flags
and keep this info in one place.
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binary:bin_to_list had a poor implementation that resulted in
excessive garbage collection. binary_to_list is almost identical and
has a generally better implementation, so I've replaced
binary:bin_to_list's CIF with a thin wrapper around binary_to_list.
Granted, binary_to_list has a deprecated indexing scheme, but we're
unlikely to ever remote it entirely and it's somewhat easy to move
it to the 'binary' module later on.
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putenv(3) and friends aren't thread-safe regardless of how you slice
it; a global lock around all environment operations (like before)
keeps things safe as far as our own operations go, but we have
absolutely no control over what libc or a library dragged in by a
driver/NIF does -- they're free to call getenv(3) or putenv(3)
without honoring our lock.
This commit solves this by setting up an "emulated" environment which
can't be touched without going through our interfaces. Third-party
libraries can still shoot themselves in the foot but benign uses of
os:putenv/2 will no longer risk crashing the emulator.
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* lukas/stdlib/maps_iterators/OTP-14012:
erts: Limit size of first iterator for hashmaps
Update primary bootstrap
Update preloaded modules
erts: Remove erts_internal:maps_to_list/2
stdlib: Make io_lib and io_lib_pretty use maps iterator
erts: Implement batching maps:iterator
erts: Implement maps path iterator
erts: Implement map iterator using a stack
stdlib: Introduce maps iterator API
Conflicts:
bootstrap/lib/stdlib/ebin/io_lib.beam
bootstrap/lib/stdlib/ebin/io_lib_pretty.beam
erts/emulator/beam/bif.tab
erts/preloaded/ebin/erlang.beam
erts/preloaded/ebin/erts_internal.beam
erts/preloaded/ebin/zlib.beam
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This function is no longer needed as maps:iterator has
now been implemented.
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This iterator implementation fetches multiple elements to
iterate over in one call to erts_internal:maps_next instead
of one at a time. This means that the memory usage will go
up for the iterator as we are buffering elements, but the
usage is still bounded.
In this implementation the max memory usage is 1000 words.
Using this approach makes the iterator as fast as using
maps:to_list, so maps:iterator/2 has been removed.
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and drop _id suffix.
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This version does not work great as the subtrees
created are not proper hash maps. Also it is not
all that performant as the extra allocations to
keep the stack there is expensive.
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OTP-14520
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Conflicts:
erts/emulator/beam/bif.c
erts/emulator/beam/dist.c
erts/emulator/beam/dist.h
erts/emulator/beam/erl_bif_info.c
erts/emulator/beam/erl_node_tables.c
erts/emulator/beam/erl_node_tables.h
erts/emulator/beam/external.c
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* lukas/erts/list_to_port/OTP-14348:
erts: Add erlang:list_to_port/1 debug bif
erts: Auto-import port_to_list for consistency
erts: Polish off erlang:list_to_ref/1
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Add re:version/0
OTP-14347
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* sverker/ets-table-identifiers:
observer: Polish crashdump viewer for ETS
observer: Polish Table Viewer tab
stdlib: Remove ets_SUITE:memory_check_summary
erts: Improve reduction count during table cleanup
erts: Cleanup table status bits
erts: Remove now redundant 'id' from DbTableCommon
erts: Remove meta_main_tab
erts: Pass tid argument down to trapping functions
erts: Print table id as ref in crashdump and break menu
erts: Replace meta_pid_to{_fixed}_tab with linked lists
erts: Correct erl_rbtree comments about yielding
erts: Add ERTS_RBT_YIELD_STAT_INIT to erl_rbtree
Fix node_container_SUITE
list_to_ref/1
Implement ets:all() using scheduler specific data
Rename fixation count in ets table to avoid confusion
Introduce references as table identifiers
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* egil/20/erts/signal-service/OTP-14186:
kernel: Document signal server
erts: Use os module instead of erts_internal for set_signal/2
erts: Do not handle SIGILL
erts: Fix thread suspend in crashdump
erts: Do not enable SIGINT
erts: Use generic signal handler
erts: Add OS signal tests
erts: Handle SIGUSR1 via signal service instead
erts: Handle SIGTERM via signal service instead
kernel: Add gen_event signal server and default handler
erts: Add SIGHUP signal handler
erts: Remove whitespace errors
Conflicts:
erts/emulator/beam/bif.tab
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* Add specs
* Change return signature to 'ok' instead of 'true'
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erlang:hash/2 has been deprecated for a while, time to remove it.
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Returns the (floating point) remainder of first argument divided
by second argument.
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* kvakvs/erts/gc_minor_option/OTP-11695:
erts: Fix req_system_task gc typespec
Fix process_SUITE system_task_blast and no_priority_inversion2
Option to erlang:garbage_collect to request minor (generational) GC
Conflicts:
erts/emulator/beam/erl_process.c
erts/preloaded/src/erts_internal.erl
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Add math:floor/1 and math:ceil/1 to avoid unnecessary conversions
in floating point expressions. That is, instead of having to write
float(floor(X)) as part of a floating point expressions, we can
write simply math:floor(X).
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Implement as ceil/1 and floor/1 as new guard BIFs (essentially part of
Erlang language). They are guard BIFs because trunc/1 is a guard
BIF. It would be strange to have trunc/1 as a part of the language, but
not ceil/1 and floor/1.
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* maint:
Fix tracing of processes executing dirty
Perform check_process_code while process is executing dirty
Fix purge of code
Reclaim literal area after purge has completed
Separate literal area from code
Conflicts:
erts/emulator/beam/global.h
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Ensure that we cannot get any dangling pointers into code that
has been purged. This is done by a two phase purge. At first
phase all fun entries pointing into the code to purge are marked
for purge. All processes trying to call these funs will be suspended
and by this we avoid getting new direct references into the code.
When all processes has been checked, these processes are resumed.
The new purge strategy now also completely ignore the existence of
indirect references to the code (funs). If such exist, they will
cause bad fun exceptions to the caller, but will not prevent a
soft purge or cause a kill of a process having such live references
during a hard purge. This since it is impossible to give any
guarantees that no processes in the system have such indirect
references. Even when the system is completely clean from such
references, new ones can appear via distribution and/or disk.
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