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Communication between Erlang processes has conceptually always been
performed through asynchronous signaling. The runtime system
implementation has however previously preformed most operation
synchronously. In a system with only one true thread of execution, this
is not problematic (often the opposite). In a system with multiple threads
of execution (as current runtime system implementation with SMP support)
it becomes problematic. This since it often involves locking of structures
when updating them which in turn cause resource contention. Utilizing
true asynchronous communication often avoids these resource contention
issues.
The case that triggered this change was contention on the link lock due
to frequent updates of the monitor trees during communication with a
frequently used server. The signal order delivery guarantees of the
language makes it hard to change the implementation of only some signals
to use true asynchronous signaling. Therefore the implementations
of (almost) all signals have been changed.
Currently the following signals have been implemented as true
asynchronous signals:
- Message signals
- Exit signals
- Monitor signals
- Demonitor signals
- Monitor triggered signals (DOWN, CHANGE, etc)
- Link signals
- Unlink signals
- Group leader signals
All of the above already defined as asynchronous signals in the
language. The implementation of messages signals was quite
asynchronous to begin with, but had quite strict delivery constraints
due to the ordering guarantees of signals between a pair of processes.
The previously used message queue partitioned into two halves has been
replaced by a more general signal queue partitioned into three parts
that service all kinds of signals. More details regarding the signal
queue can be found in comments in the erl_proc_sig_queue.h file.
The monitor and link implementations have also been completely replaced
in order to fit the new asynchronous signaling implementation as good
as possible. More details regarding the new monitor and link
implementations can be found in the erl_monitor_link.h file.
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When a ref is created before performing a receive that will only
receive message containing that ref, there is a compiler optimization
to avoid scanning messages that can't possible contain the newly
created ref.
Magnus Lång pointed out that the implementation of the optimization
is flawed. Exceptions or recursive calls could cause the receive
operation to scan the receive queue from a position beyond the expected
message (that is, the message containing the ref would never be
matched out). See the receive_opt_exception/1 and receive_opt_recursion/1
test cases in receive_SUITE.
It turns out that we can simplify the implementation of the
optimization while fixing the bug (suggested by Magnus Lång). We
actually don't need the c_p->msg.mark field. It is enough to have
c_p->msg.saved_pos; if it is non-zero, it is a valid position in the
message qeueue. All we need to do is to ensure that we clear
c_p->msg.saved_pos when a receive is exited normally or abnormally.
We can clear c_p->msg.saved_pos in JOIN_MESSAGE(), since it is called
both when leaving a receive because a message matched and because there
was a timeout and the 'after' clause was executed. In addition, we
need to clear c_p->msg.saved_pos when an exception is caught.
https://bugs.erlang.org/browse/ERL-511
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This refactor was done using the unifdef tool like this:
for file in $(find erts/ -name *.[ch]); do unifdef -t -f defile -o $file $file; done
where defile contained:
#define ERTS_SMP 1
#define USE_THREADS 1
#define DDLL_SMP 1
#define ERTS_HAVE_SMP_EMU 1
#define SMP 1
#define ERL_BITS_REENTRANT 1
#define ERTS_USE_ASYNC_READY_Q 1
#define FDBLOCK 1
#undef ERTS_POLL_NEED_ASYNC_INTERRUPT_SUPPORT
#define ERTS_POLL_ASYNC_INTERRUPT_SUPPORT 0
#define ERTS_POLL_USE_WAKEUP_PIPE 1
#define ERTS_POLL_USE_UPDATE_REQUESTS_QUEUE 1
#undef ERTS_HAVE_PLAIN_EMU
#undef ERTS_SIGNAL_STATE
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* egil/erts/fix-purge_code-literals:
erts: Refactor ERTS_MSG_COMBINED_HFRAG to heap fragment
erts: Copy literals in messages on module purge
erts: Add testcase for purge of literals
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* mikpe/otp-19-erts-integer-truncation-bugs/PR-1045/OTP-13606:
erl_unicode.c: fix integer truncation problems
do not limit heap fragments to 4 giga-words
erts_new_mso_binary(): do not truncate len
Conflicts:
erts/emulator/beam/erl_nif.c
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- struct erl_heap_fragment: use Uint for sizes
- erl_nif.c: use size_t for sizes
- erts_heap_frag_shrink(): remove now redundant cast
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All 'EXIT' and monitor messages are sent from 'system'
Timeouts are "sent" from 'clock_service'
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Add the possibility to use modules as trace data receivers. The functions
in the module have to be nifs as otherwise complex trace probes will be
very hard to handle (complex means trace probes for ports for example).
This commit changes the way that the ptab->tracer field works from always
being an immediate, to now be NIL if no tracer is present or else be
the tuple {TracerModule, TracerState} where TracerModule is an atom that
is later used to lookup the appropriate tracer callbacks to call and
TracerState is just passed to the tracer callback. The default process and
port tracers have been rewritten to use the new API.
This commit also changes the order which trace messages are delivered to the
potential tracer process. Any enif_send done in a tracer module may be delayed
indefinitely because of lock order issues. If a message is delayed any other
trace message send from that process is also delayed so that order is preserved
for each traced entity. This means that for some trace events (i.e. send/receive)
the events may come in an unintuitive order (receive before send) to the
trace receiver. Timestamps are taken when the trace message is generated so
trace messages from differented processes may arrive with the timestamp
out of order.
Both the erlang:trace and seq_trace:set_system_tracer accept the new tracer
module tracers and also the backwards compatible arguments.
OTP-10267
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* sverk/dist-ctrl-msg-overflow-master:
erts: Tweak hashmap heap size estimation
erts: Fix bug for remote control message containing fat maps
erts: Add test for remote exit signal with fat map
erts: Fix bug in heap_factory_undo for FACTORY_HEAP_FRAGS mode
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* rickard/ohmq-fixup/OTP-13047:
Replace off_heap_message_queue option with message_queue_data option
Always use literal_alloc
Distinguish between GC disabled by BIFs and other disabled GC
Fix process_info(_, off_heap_message_queue)
Off heap message queue test suite
Remove unused variable
Fix memory leaks
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sverk/dist-ctrl-msg-overflow-master
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The message_queue_data option can have the values
- off_heap
- on_heap
- mixed
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that could cause the static factory to overflow
Fix: Introduce a new factory mode FACTORY_TMP
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The TMPBUF option is no longer needed due to is_literal test and NONE
was only used for initial debugging. So we remove the entire option.
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* The youngest generation of the heap can now consist of multiple
blocks. Heap fragments and message fragments are added to the
youngest generation when needed without triggering a GC. After
a GC the youngest generation is contained in one single block.
* The off_heap_message_queue process flag has been added. When
enabled all message data in the queue is kept off heap. When
a message is selected from the queue, the message fragment (or
heap fragment) containing the actual message is attached to the
youngest generation. Messages stored off heap is not part of GC.
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by adding a dynamic heap factory.
"binary_to_term" is now a hybrid solution with both
a call to decoded_size() to calculate needed heap space
AND possible dynamic allocation of more heap space
if needed for big maps.
The heap size returned from decoded_size() is guaranteed
to be sufficient for all term heap data except for hashmap
nodes. All hashmap nodes are created at the end of dec_term()
by invoking the heap factory interface that may allocate more
heap space on process heap or in fragments.
With this commit it is no longer guaranteed that a message
is confined to only one heap fragment.
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* rickard/timer-optimization/OTP-12650:
Optimized timer implementation
Reusable red-black tree implementation
Conflicts:
erts/emulator/beam/erl_bif_timer.c
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* rickard/time_api/OTP-11997: (22 commits)
Update primary bootstrap
inets: Suppress deprecated warning on erlang:now/0
inets: Cleanup of multiple copies of functions Add inets_lib with common functions used by multiple modules
inets: Update comments
Suppress deprecated warning on erlang:now/0
Use new time API and be back-compatible in inets Remove unused functions and removed redundant test
asn1 test SUITE: Eliminate use of now/0
Disable deprecated warning on erlang:now/0 in diameter_lib
Use new time API and be back-compatible in ssh
Replace all calls to now/0 in CT with new time API functions
test_server: Replace usage of erlang:now() with usage of new API
Replace usage of erlang:now() with usage of new API
Replace usage of erlang:now() with usage of new API
Replace usage of erlang:now() with usage of new API
Replace usage of erlang:now() with usage of new API
otp_SUITE: Warn for calls to erlang:now/0
Replace usage of erlang:now() with usage of new API
Multiple timer wheels
Erlang based BIF timer implementation for scalability
Implement ethread events with timeout
...
Conflicts:
bootstrap/bin/start.boot
bootstrap/bin/start_clean.boot
bootstrap/lib/compiler/ebin/beam_asm.beam
bootstrap/lib/compiler/ebin/compile.beam
bootstrap/lib/kernel/ebin/auth.beam
bootstrap/lib/kernel/ebin/dist_util.beam
bootstrap/lib/kernel/ebin/global.beam
bootstrap/lib/kernel/ebin/hipe_unified_loader.beam
bootstrap/lib/kernel/ebin/inet_db.beam
bootstrap/lib/kernel/ebin/inet_dns.beam
bootstrap/lib/kernel/ebin/inet_res.beam
bootstrap/lib/kernel/ebin/os.beam
bootstrap/lib/kernel/ebin/pg2.beam
bootstrap/lib/stdlib/ebin/dets.beam
bootstrap/lib/stdlib/ebin/dets_utils.beam
bootstrap/lib/stdlib/ebin/erl_tar.beam
bootstrap/lib/stdlib/ebin/escript.beam
bootstrap/lib/stdlib/ebin/file_sorter.beam
bootstrap/lib/stdlib/ebin/otp_internal.beam
bootstrap/lib/stdlib/ebin/qlc.beam
bootstrap/lib/stdlib/ebin/random.beam
bootstrap/lib/stdlib/ebin/supervisor.beam
bootstrap/lib/stdlib/ebin/timer.beam
erts/aclocal.m4
erts/emulator/beam/bif.c
erts/emulator/beam/erl_bif_info.c
erts/emulator/beam/erl_db_hash.c
erts/emulator/beam/erl_init.c
erts/emulator/beam/erl_process.h
erts/emulator/beam/erl_thr_progress.c
erts/emulator/beam/utils.c
erts/emulator/sys/unix/sys.c
erts/preloaded/ebin/erlang.beam
erts/preloaded/ebin/erts_internal.beam
erts/preloaded/ebin/init.beam
erts/preloaded/src/erts_internal.erl
lib/common_test/test/ct_hooks_SUITE_data/cth/tests/empty_cth.erl
lib/diameter/src/base/diameter_lib.erl
lib/kernel/src/os.erl
lib/ssh/test/ssh_basic_SUITE.erl
system/doc/efficiency_guide/advanced.xml
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Adding ERTS_SWORD_MAX to a pointer does not work
as a way to disable a bound check.
Remove the hp_end from ErtsHeapFactory as it isn't really used anyway.
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with over estimation of heap size.
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A process requesting a system task to be executed in the context of
another process will be notified by a message when the task has
executed. This message will be on the form:
{RequestType, RequestId, Pid, Result}.
A process requesting a system task to be executed can set priority
on the system task. The requester typically set the same priority
on the task as its own process priority, and by this avoiding
priority inversion. A request for execution of a system task is
made by calling the statically linked in NIF
erts_internal:request_system_task(Pid, Prio, Request). This is an
undocumented ERTS internal function that should remain so. It
should *only* be called from BIF implementations.
Currently defined system tasks are:
* garbage_collect
* check_process_code
Further system tasks can and will be implemented in the future.
The erlang:garbage_collect/[1,2] and erlang:check_process_code/[2,3]
BIFs are now implemented using system tasks. Both the
'garbage_collect' and the 'check_process_code' operations perform
or may perform garbage_collections. By doing these via the
system task functionality all garbage collect operations in the
system will be performed solely in the context of the process
being garbage collected. This makes it possible to later implement
functionality for disabling garbage collection of a process over
context switches.
Newly introduced BIFs:
* erlang:garbage_collect/2 - The new second argument is an option
list. Introduced option:
* {async, RequestId} - making it possible for users to issue
asynchronous garbage collect requests.
* erlang:check_process_code/3 - The new third argument is an
option list. Introduced options:
* {async, RequestId} - making it possible for users to issue
asynchronous check process code requests.
* {allow_gc, boolean()} - making it possible to issue requests
that aren't allowed to garbage collect (operation will abort
if gc should be needed).
These options have been introduced as a preparation for
parallelization of check_process_code operations when the
code_server is about to purge a module.
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Functionality for scheduling operations at thread progress later
has been introduced.
Deallocation of ETS table structures were previously done by scheduling
misc aux work. Deallocation of process structures (not released yet)
was also implemented this way. Instead of using the misc aux work
functionality these implementation now use the newly introduced
functionality for scheduling operations at thread progress later. By
using this new functionaliy we reduce the amount of memory
allocation/deallocation operations needed.
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User tags in a dynamic trace enabled VM are spread throughout the system
in the same way as seq_trace tokens. This is used by the file module
and various other modules to get hold of the tag from the user process
without changing the protocol.
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This will reduce the risk of integer wrapping in bin vheap counting.
The vheap size series will now use the golden ratio instead of doubling
and fibonacci sequences.
OTP #8730
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Merging the three off-heap lists (binaries, funs and externals) into
one list. This reduces memory consumption by two words (pointers) per
ETS object.
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New NIF features:
Send messages from a NIF, or from thread created by NIF, to any local
process (enif_send)
Store terms between NIF calls (enif_alloc_env, enif_make_copy)
Create binary terms with user defined memory management
(enif_make_resource_binary)
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The recv_mark/1 instruction will both save the current
position in the message queue and a mark (the address of the
loop_rec/2 instruction just following the recv_set/1
instruction). The recv_mark/1 instruction will only
use the saved position if the mark is correct.
The reason for saving and verifying the mark is that
the compiler does not need to guarantee that no other
receive instruction can be executed in between the
recv_mark/1 and recv_set/1 instructions (the mark will
be cleared by the remove_message/0 instruction when a message
is removed from the message queue). That means that arbitrary
function calls in between those instruction can be allowed.
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Store Erlang terms in 32-bit entities on the heap, expanding the
pointers to 64-bit when needed. This works because all terms are stored
on addresses in the 32-bit address range (the 32 most significant bits
of pointers to term data are always 0).
Introduce a new datatype called UWord (along with its companion SWord),
which is an integer having the exact same size as the machine word
(a void *), but might be larger than Eterm/Uint.
Store code as machine words, as the instructions are pointers to
executable code which might reside outside the 32-bit address range.
Continuation pointers are stored on the 32-bit stack and hence must
point to addresses in the low range, which means that loaded beam code
much be placed in the low 32-bit address range (but, as said earlier,
the instructions themselves are full words).
No Erlang term data can be stored on C stacks (enforced by an
earlier commit).
This version gives a prompt, but test cases still fail (and dump core).
The loader (and emulator loop) has instruction packing disabled.
The main issues has been in rewriting loader and actual virtual
machine. Subsystems (like distribution) does not work yet.
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fragments was created. This will mainly benefit NIFs that return
large compound terms.
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