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Be more careful when updating types so that fragility is not lost.
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Minor cleanups and bug fixes of the compiler
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Rewrite BSM optimizations in the new SSA-based intermediate format
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This has been superseded by bs_get_tail/3. Note that it is NOT
removed from the emulator or beam_disasm, as old modules are still
legal.
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This commit improves the bit-syntax match optimization pass,
leveraging the new SSA intermediate format to perform much more
aggressive optimizations. Some highlights:
* Watch contexts can be reused even after being passed to a
function or being used in a try block.
* Sub-binaries are no longer eagerly extracted, making it far
easier to keep "happy paths" free from binary creation.
* Trivial wrapper functions no longer disable context reuse.
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Disallow a literal map source for get_map_elements. There is currently
runtime support for get_map with a literal map source, but by
forbidding it in OTP 22, the runtime support could be removed in a
future release (perhaps OTP 24).
Also verify that the source arguments for get_list, get_hd, get_tl,
and get_tuple_element are not literals. Literals are not supported for
those instructions in the runtime system; verifying it in
beam_validator is a convenience so that this kind of bug will
be detected already during compilation.
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The following code broke because aliases weren't tracked for hd/1:
bug(Bool) ->
Bug = remote:call(),
if
Bool -> %% Branch of some kind.
_ = hd(Bug),
remote:call(),
hd(Bug)
end.
Related to 1f221b27f1336e747f7409692f260055dd3ddf79
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When optimizations get more powerful, beam_validator
must keep up.
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Sometimes when building a tuple, there is no way to avoid an
extra `move` instruction. Consider this code:
make_tuple(A) -> {ok,A}.
The corresponding BEAM code looks like this:
{test_heap,3,1}.
{put_tuple,2,{x,1}}.
{put,{atom,ok}}.
{put,{x,0}}.
{move,{x,1},{x,0}}.
return.
To avoid overwriting the source register `{x,0}`, a `move`
instruction is necessary.
The problem doesn't exist when building a list:
%% build_list(A) -> [A].
{test_heap,2,1}.
{put_list,{x,0},nil,{x,0}}.
return.
Introduce a new `put_tuple2` instruction that builds a tuple in a
single instruction, so that the `move` instruction can be eliminated:
%% make_tuple(A) -> {ok,A}.
{test_heap,3,1}.
{put_tuple2,{x,0},{list,[{atom,ok},{x,0}]}}.
return.
Note that the BEAM loader already combines `put_tuple` and `put`
instructions into an internal instruction similar to `put_tuple2`.
Therefore the introduction of the new instruction will not speed up
execution of tuple building itself, but it will be less work for
the loader to load the new instruction.
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* bjorn/compiler/ssa:
Travis CI: Run the SSA linter in the Linux64SmokeTest build
Remove retired compiler passes
Introduce a new SSA-based intermediate format
hipe_beam_to_icode: Correct translation of get_map_elements
beam_dead: Remove shortcut of binary matching instruction
beam_bs: Remove optimizations that are easier done on SSA format
Don't run unsafe compiler passes
Simplify optimizations by introducing is_nil late
beam_utils: Make is_tagged_tuple a pure test
beam_except: Enhance recognition of function_clause exceptions
beam_validator: Infer the types of copies in a smarter way
beam_validator: Improve merge of cons and literal list
beam_validator: Strengthen validation of func_info
beam_validator: Allow get_tuple_element before dsetelement
beam_validator: Don't transfer state to labels that can't be reached
beam_validator: Improve type analysis for tuples
beam_validator: Be more careful when updating try/catch state
beam_trim: Handle an empty list of instructions
v3_core: Number argument variables in ascending order
Teach binary instructions to use Y registers as destination
OTP-14894
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* maint:
map_SUITE: Test is_map_key/2 followed by a map update
beam_validator: Infer the type of the map argument for is_map_key/2
map_SUITE: Cover map_get optimizations in beam_dead
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Make sure that beam_validator considers a call to is_map_key/2
followed by an update of the same map without an is_map/1 test
safe. (This situation will probably not be encountered when
using the compiler in OTP 21, but better safe than sorry.)
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Smarter code generation means that beam_validator must
be smarter too. In the following example, beam_validator
must be able to infer that y0 refers to a map:
move x0 y0
test is_map L1 x0
%% Here the type for y0 must be 'map'.
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The func_info instruction does not expect a stack frame. There will
be an assertion failure in the debug-compiled runtime system.
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If we transfer state appropriately to labels that can't be reached,
the state could taint other labels.
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Since the compiler will start optimizing more aggressively, beam_validator
must keep up and improve the recognization of tuples and maps.
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The new code generator will more aggressively reuse registers,
so we must be more careful about updating the state for try/catch.
In particular, an "empty" try/catch that can't throw an
exception must not update the try/catch state.
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* maint:
Eliminate double computation of next var
beam_validator: Fix false diagnostic for a receive nested in a try
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When nesting a receive in a try/catch, there could be a false
diagnostic that a fragile term is used.
https://bugs.erlang.org/browse/ERL-684
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I did not find any legitimate use of "can not", however skipped
changing e.g RFCs archived in the source tree.
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Code such as that the following:
Val = map_get(a, Map),
Map#{a:=z} %Could be any map update
would incorrectly cause an internal consistency check failure:
Internal consistency check failed - please report this bug.
Instruction: {put_map_exact,{f,0},{x,0},{x,0},1,{list,[{atom,a},{atom,z}]}}
Error: {bad_type,{needed,map},{actual,term}}:
Update beam_validator so that it understands that the second
argument for map_get/2 is a map.
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When an exception is handled, the stack will be scanned. Therefore
all Y registers must be initialized.
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Help us find more compiler bugs.
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1ee21858db7e strengenthed validatation of GC instructions, but
forgot the following instructions:
bs_start_match2/5
bs_get_binary2/7
bs_get_float2/7
bs_get_integer2/7
bs_get_utf8/5
bs_get_utf16/5
bs_get_utf32/5
bs_skip_utf8/4
bs_skip_utf16/4
bs_skip_utf32/4
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Waiting messages for a process may be stored in a queue
outside of any heap or heap fragment belonging to the process.
This is an optimization added in a recent major release to
avoid garbage collection messages again and again if there
is a long message queue.
Until such message has been matched and accepted by
the remove_message/0 instruction, the message must not be
included in the root set for a garbage collection, as that
would corrupt the message. The loop_rec/2 instruction explicitly
turns off garbage collection of the process as long messages
are being matched.
However, if the compiler were to put references to a message
outside of the heap in an Y register (on the stack) and there
happened to be a GC when the process had been scheduled out,
the message would be corrupted and the runtime system would
crash sooner or later.
To ensure that doesn't happen, teach beam_validator to check
for references on the stack to messages outside of the heap.
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Every catch or try/catch must use a lower Y register number than any
enclosing catch or try/catch. That will ensure that when the stack
is scanned when an exception occurs, the innermost try/catch tag is
found first.
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* maint:
Check that the stack is initialized when an exception may occur
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Strengthen beam_validator to check that the stack is initialized
when an instruction with an {f,0} operand is executed.
For example, the following code sequence:
{allocate,0,1}.
{bif,element,{f,0},[{integer,1},{x,0}],{x,0}}.
should not be accepted because the stack may be scanned if
element/2 fails. That could cause a crash or other undefined
behavior if garbage on the stack looks like a catch tag.
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Instructions that produce more than one result complicate
optimizations. get_list/3 is one of two instructions that
produce multiple results (get_map_elements/3 is the other).
Introduce the get_hd/2 and get_tl/2 instructions
that return the head and tail of a cons cell, respectively,
and use it internally in all optimization passes.
For efficiency, we still want to use get_list/3 if both
head and tail are used, so we will translate matching pairs
of get_hd and get_tl back to get_list instructions.
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Do local common sub expression elimination (CSE)
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Make sure that there is the correct number of put/1 instructions
following put_tuple/2. Also make it illegal to reference the
register for the tuple being built in a put/1 instruction.
That is, beam_validator will now issue a diagnostice for the the
following code:
{put_tuple,1,{x,0}}.
{put,{x,0}}.
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Consider the following function:
function({function,Name,Arity,CLabel,Is0}, Lc0) ->
try
%% Optimize the code for the function.
catch
Class:Error:Stack ->
io:format("Function: ~w/~w\n", [Name,Arity]),
erlang:raise(Class, Error, Stack)
end.
The stacktrace is retrieved, but it is only used in the call
to erlang:raise/3. There is no need to build a stacktrace
in this function. We can avoid the building if we introduce
an instruction called raw_raise/3 that works exactly like
the erlang:raise/3 BIF except that its third argument must
be a raw stacktrace.
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* maint:
beam_validator: Strengthen validation of GC instructions
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beam_validator did not verify that the Y registers were initialized
before executing the following instructions that could cause a GC:
bs_append/8
bs_init2/6
bs_init_bits/6
gc_bif1/5
gc_bif2/6
gc_bif3/7
test_heap/2
That means that, for example, an incorrect optimization that replaced
an 'allocate_zero' instruction with an 'allocate' instruction when it
was not safe, would not be rejected by beam_validtor, but would
instead cause a crash or other undefined behavior at runtime.
Also fix a minor bug in beam_type exposed by the stronger checking.
When compiling from .S files, beam_type did not handle the
init/1 instruction and could produce unsafe code.
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This commit adds a new syntax for retrieving the stacktrace
without calling erlang:get_stacktrace/0. That allow us to
deprecate erlang:get_stacktrace/0 and ultimately remove it.
The problem with erlang:get_stacktrace/0 is that it can keep huge
terms in a process for an indefinite time after an exception. The
stacktrace can be huge after a 'function_clause' exception or a failed
call to a BIF or operator, because the arguments for the call will be
included in the stacktrace. For example:
1> catch abs(lists:seq(1, 1000)).
{'EXIT',{badarg,[{erlang,abs,
[[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20|...]],
[]},
{erl_eval,do_apply,6,[{file,"erl_eval.erl"},{line,674}]},
{erl_eval,expr,5,[{file,"erl_eval.erl"},{line,431}]},
{shell,exprs,7,[{file,"shell.erl"},{line,687}]},
{shell,eval_exprs,7,[{file,"shell.erl"},{line,642}]},
{shell,eval_loop,3,[{file,"shell.erl"},{line,627}]}]}}
2> erlang:get_stacktrace().
[{erlang,abs,
[[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,
23,24|...]],
[]},
{erl_eval,do_apply,6,[{file,"erl_eval.erl"},{line,674}]},
{erl_eval,expr,5,[{file,"erl_eval.erl"},{line,431}]},
{shell,exprs,7,[{file,"shell.erl"},{line,687}]},
{shell,eval_exprs,7,[{file,"shell.erl"},{line,642}]},
{shell,eval_loop,3,[{file,"shell.erl"},{line,627}]}]
3>
We can extend the syntax for clauses in try/catch to optionally bind
the stacktrace to a variable.
Here is an example using the current syntax:
try
Expr
catch C:E ->
Stk = erlang:get_stacktrace(),
.
.
.
In the new syntax, it would look like:
try
Expr
catch
C:E:Stk ->
.
.
.
Only a variable (not a pattern) is allowed in the stacktrace position,
to discourage matching of the stacktrace. (Matching would also be
expensive, because the raw format of the stacktrace would have to be
converted to the cooked form before matching.)
Note that:
try
Expr
catch E ->
.
.
.
is a shorthand for:
try
Expr
catch throw:E ->
.
.
.
If the stacktrace is to be retrieved for a throw, the 'throw:'
prefix must be explicitly included:
try
Expr
catch throw:E:Stk ->
.
.
.
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4c31fd0b9665 made the merging of match contexts stricter;
in fact, a little bit too strict.
Two match contexts with different number of slots would
be downgraded to the 'term' type. The correct way is to
keep the match context but set the number of slots to the
lowest number of slots of the two match contexts.
https://bugs.erlang.org/browse/ERL-490
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beam_validator could fail issue a diagnostic when a register
that was supposed to be a match context was not guaranteed to
be a match context.
The bug was in merging of types. Merging of a match context with
another term would result in a match context. That is wrong. Merging
should produce a more general type, not a narrower type. Also, the
valid slots in two match contexts should be combined with 'band', not
'bor'.
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'john/compiler/fail-labels-in-blocks-otp-18/ERIERL-48/OTP-14522' into maint
* john/compiler/fail-labels-in-blocks-otp-18/ERIERL-48/OTP-14522:
compiler: Fix live regs update on allocate in validator
Take fail labels into account when determining liveness in block ops
Conflicts:
lib/compiler/src/beam_utils.erl
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The state without pruned registers was passed on to test_heap
causing the validator to belive registers that aren't live
actually are live.
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Fixes https://bugs.erlang.org/browse/ERL-406 - a bug introduced in
0377592dc2238f561291be854d2ce859dd9a5fb1
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Rewrite the instruction stream on tagged tuple tests.
Tagged tuples means a tuple of any arity with an atom as its first element.
Typically records, ok-tuples and error-tuples.
from:
...
{test,is_tuple,Fail,[Src]}.
{test,test_arity,Fail,[Src,Sz]}.
...
{get_tuple_element,Src,0,Dst}.
...
{test,is_eq_exact,Fail,[Dst,Atom]}.
...
to:
...
{test,is_tagged_tuple,Fail,[Src,Sz,Atom]}.
...
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