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There is an optimization for reducing the number of instructions needed
to generate a `function_clause`. After the latest improvements of the
type optimization pass, that optimization is not always applied.
Here is an example:
-export([foo/3]).
foo(X, Y, Z) ->
bar(a, X, Y, Z).
bar(a, X, Y, Z) when is_tuple(X) ->
{X,Y,Z}.
Note that the compiler internally adds a clause to each function to
generate a `function_clause` exception. Thus:
bar(a, X, Y, Z) when is_tuple(X) ->
{X,Y,Z};
bar(A1, A2, A3, A4) ->
erlang:error(function_clause, [A1,A2,A3,A4]).
Optimizations will rewrite the code basically like this:
bar(_, X, Y, Z) when is_tuple(X) ->
{X,Y,Z};
bar(_, A2, A3, A4) ->
erlang:error(function_clause, [a,A2,A3,A4]).
Note the `a` as the first element of the list of arguments. It
will prevent the optimization of the `function_clause` exception.
The BEAM code for `bar/4` looks like this:
{function, bar, 4, 4}.
{label,3}.
{line,[{location,"t.erl",8}]}.
{func_info,{atom,t},{atom,bar},4}.
{label,4}.
{'%',{type_info,{x,0},{atom,a}}}.
{test,is_tuple,{f,5},[{x,1}]}.
{test_heap,4,4}.
{put_tuple2,{x,0},{list,[{x,1},{x,2},{x,3}]}}.
return.
{label,5}.
{test_heap,8,4}.
{put_list,{x,3},nil,{x,0}}.
{put_list,{x,2},{x,0},{x,0}}.
{put_list,{x,1},{x,0},{x,0}}.
{put_list,{atom,a},{x,0},{x,1}}.
{move,{atom,function_clause},{x,0}}.
{line,[{location,"t.erl",8}]}.
{call_ext,2,{extfunc,erlang,error,2}}.
The code after label 5 is the clause that generates the
`function_clause` exception.
This commit generalizes the optimization so that it can be applied for
this function:
{function, bar, 4, 4}.
{label,3}.
{line,[{location,"t.erl",8}]}.
{func_info,{atom,t},{atom,bar},4}.
{label,4}.
{'%',{type_info,{x,0},{atom,a}}}.
{test,is_tuple,{f,5},[{x,1}]}.
{test_heap,4,4}.
{put_tuple2,{x,0},{list,[{x,1},{x,2},{x,3}]}}.
return.
{label,5}.
{move,{atom,a},{x,0}}.
{jump,{f,3}}.
For this particular function, it would be safe to omit the
`move` instruction before the `{jump,{f,3}}` instruction, but
it would not be safe in general to omit `move` instructions.
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To improve compilation times, beam_ssa_type keeps track of variables
that are only used once and don't keep types for those variables. As
currently implemented, it turns to be unsafe. Change it to only keep
track of variables that are only used in the terminator of the block
they are defined in.
https://bugs.erlang.org/browse/ERL-840
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The fix in f9ea85611faca82c7494449ddb8bcb1ef1d194cb didn't consider
that the tested register could be aliased.
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This commit lets the type optimization pass work across functions,
tracking return and argument types to eliminate redundant tests.
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This serves as a base for the upcoming module-level type
optimization, but may come in handy for other passes like
beam_ssa_funs and beam_ssa_bsm that have their own ad-hoc
implementations.
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A switch is equivalent to a series of '=:=', so we have to subtract
each value individually from the type. Subtracting a join risks
removing too much type information, and managed to narrow "number"
into "float" in the attached test case.
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* bjorn/compiler/beam_validator/ERL-832:
Make the beam_validator smarter (again)
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Needed because of the optimizations in 48f20bd589fa69.
https://bugs.erlang.org/browse/ERL-832
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Do the optimizations of bs_put* instructions in beam_ssa_opt
and remove the beam_bs pass. This can lead to a slight improvement
of compilation times.
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* maint:
beam_type: Eliminate compiler crash when arithmetic expression fails
Conflicts:
lib/compiler/src/beam_type.erl
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The compiler would crash when compiling code such as:
(A / B) band 16#ff
The type for the expression would be 'none', but beam_type:verified_type/1
did not handle 'none'.
https://bugs.erlang.org/browse/ERL-829
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Introduce subtraction of types to allow some redundant tests to be
eliminated.
Consider this function:
foo(L) when is_list(L) ->
case L of
[_|_] -> non_empty;
[] -> empty
end.
After entering the body of the function, L is known to be either
a cons cell or nil (otherwise the is_list/1 guard would have failed).
If the L is not a cons cell, it must be nil. Therefore, the test
for nil in the second clause of the case can be eliminated.
Here is the SSA code with some additonal comments for the function
before the optimization:
function t:foo(_0) {
0:
@ssa_bool = bif:is_list _0
br @ssa_bool, label 4, label 3
4:
%% _0 is now a list (cons or nil).
@ssa_bool:8 = is_nonempty_list _0
br @ssa_bool:8, label 9, label 7
9:
ret literal non_empty
7:
%% _0 is not a cons (or we wouldn't be here).
%% Subtracting cons from the previously known type list
%% gives that _0 must be nil.
@ssa_bool:10 = bif:'=:=' _0, literal []
br @ssa_bool:10, label 11, label 6
11:
ret literal empty
6:
_6 = put_tuple literal case_clause, _0
%% t.erl:5
@ssa_ret:12 = call remote (literal erlang):(literal error)/1, _6
ret @ssa_ret:12
3:
_9 = put_list _0, literal []
%% t.erl:4
@ssa_ret:13 = call remote (literal erlang):(literal error)/2, literal function_clause, _9
ret @ssa_ret:13
}
Type subtraction gives us that _0 must be nil in block 7, allowing us to
remove the comparison of _0 with nil. The code for the function can be simplified
to:
function t:foo(_0) {
0:
@ssa_bool = bif:is_list _0
br @ssa_bool, label 4, label 3
4:
@ssa_bool:8 = is_nonempty_list _0
br @ssa_bool:8, label 9, label 11
9:
ret literal non_empty
11:
ret literal empty
3:
_9 = put_list _0, literal []
%% t.erl:4
@ssa_ret:13 = call remote (literal erlang):(literal error)/2, literal function_clause, _9
ret @ssa_ret:13
}
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* maint:
Remove unsafe optimization for delaying creation of stackframe
Conflicts:
lib/compiler/src/v3_codegen.erl
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b89044a800c4 introduced an optimization that tries to delay creation
of stack frames. It turns out that this optimization is not always
safe. (See the new test case for an example.)
Since the code generator is completely rewritten in the `master`
branch for the upcoming OTP 22 release, it does not make sense trying
to mend this optimization. It is better to remove it. Out of a sample
of about 1000 modules in OTP, about 50 of them are changed as a result
of removing this optimization.
The compiler in OTP 22 will do the same optimization in a cleaner,
safer, and more effective way.
https://bugs.erlang.org/browse/ERL-807
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* bjorn/cuddle-with-tests:
Cover code in beam_ssa_opt
Cover code in beam_ssa_dead
Cover code in beam_trim
Eliminate warnings for unused variables
regressions_SUITE: Fix exports
map_SUITE: Test for mixed map creation
map_SUITE: Fix indentation
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* maint:
Fix unsafe optimization of stack trace building
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The `sys_core_fold` pass of the compiler would optimize
away the building of the stacktrace in code such as:
try
...
catch
C:R:Stk ->
erlang:raise(C, {R,Stk}, Stk)
end
That optimization is unsafe and would cause a crash in a later compiler
pass.
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The following function:
is_two_tuple(Arg) ->
case is_tuple(Arg) of
false -> false;
true -> tuple_size(Arg) == 2
end.
would cause an internal consistency failure:
Internal consistency check failed - please report this bug.
Instruction: {bif,tuple_size,{f,0},[{x,0}],{z,0}}
Error: {invalid_store,{z,0},{integer,[]}}:
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The previous optimizations caused some code in beam_jump to
become uncovered. Add tests to cover more code. Also remove
a clause in beam_jump:opt/3 that does not seem possible to
cover anymore (this is safe, because the clause was an
optimization).
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Some lines in beam_peep were no longer covered when the sharing optimization
was added to beam_ssa_opt. Also remove some code from beam_peep that no
longer seems possible to cover.
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Share code for semantically equivalent blocks referred to to by `br`
and `switch` instructions.
A similar optimization is done in `beam_jump`, but doing it here as
well is beneficial as it may enable other optimizations. Also, if
there are many semantically equivalent clauses, this optimization can
substanstially decrease compilation times.
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* maint:
Fix internal consistency failure for is_function/2
Conflicts:
lib/compiler/src/beam_utils.erl
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There could be an internal consistency failure when using is_function/2,
because an optimization did not take into account that is_function/2 can fail.
https://bugs.erlang.org/browse/ERL-778
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This will help investigation of compiler bugs.
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* maint:
Fix bug when beam_jump removes put_tuple instructions
Conflicts:
lib/compiler/src/beam_jump.erl
lib/compiler/test/beam_jump_SUITE.erl
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beam_except: Generalize translation to func_info instructions
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* bjorn/compiler/diffable:
scripts/diffable: Correct the number of modules being compiled
scripts/diffable: Use the diffable compiler option
Add a diffable option for the compiler
scripts/diffable: Refactor option parsing
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`beam_jump` could remove a `put_tuple` instruction when the
tuple would not be used, but it would leave the following
`put` instructions. Make sure they are removed.
https://bugs.erlang.org/browse/ERL-759
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The `beam_except` pass replaces some calls to `erlang:error/1` or
`erlang:error/2` with specialized instructions in order to reduce the
size of the BEAM code.
In functions that do binary matching, `beam_except` would fail to
translate the instructions that generate a `function_clause`
exception. Here is an example:
bsum(<<H:16,T/binary>>, Acc) ->
bsum(T, Acc+H);
bsum(<<>>, Acc) ->
Acc.
The BEAM code that generates the `function_clause` exception looks
like this:
{label,4}.
{test_heap,2,3}.
{put_list,{x,1},nil,{x,1}}.
%% The following two instructions prevents the translation.
{bs_set_position,{x,2},{x,0}}.
{bs_get_tail,{x,2},{x,0},3}.
{test_heap,2,2}.
{put_list,{x,0},{x,1},{x,1}}.
{move,{atom,function_clause},{x,0}}.
{line,...}.
{call_ext,2,{extfunc,erlang,error,2}}.
Make the translation of `function_clause` exceptions smarter, so
that the following code will be produced:
{label,4}.
{bs_set_position,{x,2},{x,0}}.
{bs_get_tail,{x,2},{x,0},3}.
{jump,{f,1}}. %Jump to `func_info` instruction.
(This issue was noticed when looking at the code generated by
https://github.com/tomas-abrahamsson/gpb.)
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Add the `diffable` option to produce a more diff-friendly output in
a .S file. In a diffable .S file, label numbers starts from 1 in each
function and local function calls use function names instead of labels.
scripts/diffable produces diff-friendly files but only for a hard-coded
sub set of files in OTP. Having the option directly in the compiler
makes is easier to diff the BEAM code for arbitrary source modules.
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The `beam_jump` pass could eliminate `move` instructions when it was
not safe to do so. See the new test case `unsafe_move_elimination/1`
for an example.
Reported-by: Michał Muskała
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* maint:
beam_utils: Handle bs_start_match2 in anno_defs
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into maint
* john/compiler/bs_match-anno-liveness-fix/OTP-15353/ERL-753:
beam_utils: Handle bs_start_match2 in anno_defs
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* maint:
compiler: Forward +source flag to epp and fix bug in +deterministic
epp: Allow user to set source name independently of input file name
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Fixes a crash during code generation of the following code:
call_atom() ->
fun({send = Send}) ->
Send()
end.
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The source file path as given to `erlc` was included in an implicit
file attribute inserted by epp, even when the +source flag was
set to something else which was a bit surprising. It was also
included when +deterministic was specified, breaking the flag's
promise.
This commit forwards the +source flag to epp so it inserts the
right information, and if +deterministic is given it will be shaved
to just the base name of the file, guaranteeing the same result
regardless of how the input is reached.
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Co-authored-by: John Högberg <[email protected]>
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* maint:
Fix rare bug in binary matching (again)
Conflicts:
lib/compiler/src/beam_bsm.erl
lib/compiler/src/sys_core_bsm.erl
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OTP 22 extends the binary instructions to support a Y register
destination. When giving an option to compile for an earlier
release, make sure that binary instructions don't use a Y register
destination, by rewriting the binary instructions to use an X
register destination and adding a `move` instruction to move
the value to the Y register.
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Rewrite BSM optimizations in the new SSA-based intermediate format
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