aboutsummaryrefslogtreecommitdiffstats
path: root/erts/doc/src/notes.xml
blob: e1c8dbb501b58928fda12fe8fbf7df9485bf7aeb (plain) (blame)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
342
343
344
345
346
347
348
349
350
351
352
353
354
355
356
357
358
359
360
361
362
363
364
365
366
367
368
369
370
371
372
373
374
375
376
377
378
379
380
381
382
383
384
385
386
387
388
389
390
391
392
393
394
395
396
397
398
399
400
401
402
403
404
405
406
407
408
409
410
411
412
413
414
415
416
417
418
419
420
421
422
423
424
425
426
427
428
429
430
431
432
433
434
435
436
437
438
439
440
441
442
443
444
445
446
447
448
449
450
451
452
453
454
455
456
457
458
459
460
461
462
463
464
465
466
467
468
469
470
471
472
473
474
475
476
477
478
479
480
481
482
483
484
485
486
487
488
489
490
491
492
493
494
495
496
497
498
499
500
501
502
503
504
505
506
507
508
509
510
511
512
513
514
515
516
517
518
519
520
521
522
523
524
525
526
527
528
529
530
531
532
533
534
535
536
537
538
539
540
541
542
543
544
545
546
547
548
549
550
551
552
553
554
555
556
557
558
559
560
561
562
563
564
565
566
567
568
569
570
571
572
573
574
575
576
577
578
579
580
581
582
583
584
585
586
587
588
589
590
591
592
593
594
595
596
597
598
599
600
601
602
603
604
605
606
607
608
609
610
611
612
613
614
615
616
617
618
619
620
621
622
623
624
625
626
627
628
629
630
631
632
633
634
635
636
637
638
639
640
641
642
643
644
645
646
647
648
649
650
651
652
653
654
655
656
657
658
659
660
661
662
663
664
665
666
667
668
669
670
671
672
673
674
675
676
677
678
679
680
681
682
683
684
685
686
687
688
689
690
691
692
693
694
695
696
697
698
699
700
701
702
703
704
705
706
707
708
709
710
711
712
713
714
715
716
717
718
719
720
721
722
723
724
725
726
727
728
729
730
731
732
733
734
735
736
737
738
739
740
741
742
743
744
745
746
747
748
749
750
751
752
753
754
755
756
757
758
759
760
761
762
763
764
765
766
767
768
769
770
771
772
773
774
775
776
777
778
779
780
781
782
783
784
785
786
787
788
789
790
791
792
793
794
795
796
797
798
799
800
801
802
803
804
805
806
807
808
809
810
811
812
813
814
815
816
817
818
819
820
821
822
823
824
825
826
827
828
829
830
831
832
833
834
835
836
837
838
839
840
841
842
843
844
845
846
847
848
849
850
851
852
853
854
855
856
857
858
859
860
861
862
863
864
865
866
867
868
869
870
871
872
873
874
875
876
877
878
879
880
881
882
883
884
885
886
887
888
889
890
891
892
893
894
895
896
897
898
899
900
901
902
903
904
905
906
907
908
909
910
911
912
913
914
915
916
917
918
919
920
921
922
923
924
925
926
927
928
929
930
931
932
933
934
935
936
937
938
939
940
941
942
943
944
945
946
947
948
949
950
951
952
953
954
955
956
957
958
959
960
961
962
963
964
965
966
967
968
969
970
971
972
973
974
975
976
977
978
979
980
981
982
983
984
985
986
987
988
989
990
991
992
993
994
995
996
997
998
999
1000
1001
1002
1003
1004
1005
1006
1007
1008
1009
1010
1011
1012
1013
1014
1015
1016
1017
1018
1019
1020
1021
1022
1023
1024
1025
1026
1027
1028
1029
1030
1031
1032
1033
1034
1035
1036
1037
1038
1039
1040
1041
1042
1043
1044
1045
1046
1047
1048
1049
1050
1051
1052
1053
1054
1055
1056
1057
1058
1059
1060
1061
1062
1063
1064
1065
1066
1067
1068
1069
1070
1071
1072
1073
1074
1075
1076
1077
1078
1079
1080
1081
1082
1083
1084
1085
1086
1087
1088
1089
1090
1091
1092
1093
1094
1095
1096
1097
1098
1099
1100
1101
1102
1103
1104
1105
1106
1107
1108
1109
1110
1111
1112
1113
1114
1115
1116
1117
1118
1119
1120
1121
1122
1123
1124
1125
1126
1127
1128
1129
1130
1131
1132
1133
1134
1135
1136
1137
1138
1139
1140
1141
1142
1143
1144
1145
1146
1147
1148
1149
1150
1151
1152
1153
1154
1155
1156
1157
1158
1159
1160
1161
1162
1163
1164
1165
1166
1167
1168
1169
1170
1171
1172
1173
1174
1175
1176
1177
1178
1179
1180
1181
1182
1183
1184
1185
1186
1187
1188
1189
1190
1191
1192
1193
1194
1195
1196
1197
1198
1199
1200
1201
1202
1203
1204
1205
1206
1207
1208
1209
1210
1211
1212
1213
1214
1215
1216
1217
1218
1219
1220
1221
1222
1223
1224
1225
1226
1227
1228
1229
1230
1231
1232
1233
1234
1235
1236
1237
1238
1239
1240
1241
1242
1243
1244
1245
1246
1247
1248
1249
1250
1251
1252
1253
1254
1255
1256
1257
1258
1259
1260
1261
1262
1263
1264
1265
1266
1267
1268
1269
1270
1271
1272
1273
1274
1275
1276
1277
1278
1279
1280
1281
1282
1283
1284
1285
1286
1287
1288
1289
1290
1291
1292
1293
1294
1295
1296
1297
1298
1299
1300
1301
1302
1303
1304
1305
1306
1307
1308
1309
1310
1311
1312
1313
1314
1315
1316
1317
1318
1319
1320
1321
1322
1323
1324
1325
1326
1327
1328
1329
1330
1331
1332
1333
1334
1335
1336
1337
1338
1339
1340
1341
1342
1343
1344
1345
1346
1347
1348
1349
1350
1351
1352
1353
1354
1355
1356
1357
1358
1359
1360
1361
1362
1363
1364
1365
1366
1367
1368
1369
1370
1371
1372
1373
1374
1375
1376
1377
1378
1379
1380
1381
1382
1383
1384
1385
1386
1387
1388
1389
1390
1391
1392
1393
1394
1395
1396
1397
1398
1399
1400
1401
1402
1403
1404
1405
1406
1407
1408
1409
1410
1411
1412
1413
1414
1415
1416
1417
1418
1419
1420
1421
1422
1423
1424
1425
1426
1427
1428
1429
1430
1431
1432
1433
1434
1435
1436
1437
1438
1439
1440
1441
1442
1443
1444
1445
1446
1447
1448
1449
1450
1451
1452
1453
1454
1455
1456
1457
1458
1459
1460
1461
1462
1463
1464
1465
1466
1467
1468
1469
1470
1471
1472
1473
1474
1475
1476
1477
1478
1479
1480
1481
1482
1483
1484
1485
1486
1487
1488
1489
1490
1491
1492
1493
1494
1495
1496
1497
1498
1499
1500
1501
1502
1503
1504
1505
1506
1507
1508
1509
1510
1511
1512
1513
1514
1515
1516
1517
1518
1519
1520
1521
1522
1523
1524
1525
1526
1527
1528
1529
1530
1531
1532
1533
1534
1535
1536
1537
1538
1539
1540
1541
1542
1543
1544
1545
1546
1547
1548
1549
1550
1551
1552
1553
1554
1555
1556
1557
1558
1559
1560
1561
1562
1563
1564
1565
1566
1567
1568
1569
1570
1571
1572
1573
1574
1575
1576
1577
1578
1579
1580
1581
1582
1583
1584
1585
1586
1587
1588
1589
1590
1591
1592
1593
1594
1595
1596
1597
1598
1599
1600
1601
1602
1603
1604
1605
1606
1607
1608
1609
1610
1611
1612
1613
1614
1615
1616
1617
1618
1619
1620
1621
1622
1623
1624
1625
1626
1627
1628
1629
1630
1631
1632
1633
1634
1635
1636
1637
1638
1639
1640
1641
1642
1643
1644
1645
1646
1647
1648
1649
1650
1651
1652
1653
1654
1655
1656
1657
1658
1659
1660
1661
1662
1663
1664
1665
1666
1667
1668
1669
1670
1671
1672
1673
1674
1675
1676
1677
1678
1679
1680
1681
1682
1683
1684
1685
1686
1687
1688
1689
1690
1691
1692
1693
1694
1695
1696
1697
1698
1699
1700
1701
1702
1703
1704
1705
1706
1707
1708
1709
1710
1711
1712
1713
1714
1715
1716
1717
1718
1719
1720
1721
1722
1723
1724
1725
1726
1727
1728
1729
1730
1731
1732
1733
1734
1735
1736
1737
1738
1739
1740
1741
1742
1743
1744
1745
1746
1747
1748
1749
1750
1751
1752
1753
1754
1755
1756
1757
1758
1759
1760
1761
1762
1763
1764
1765
1766
1767
1768
1769
1770
1771
1772
1773
1774
1775
1776
1777
1778
1779
1780
1781
1782
1783
1784
1785
1786
1787
1788
1789
1790
1791
1792
1793
1794
1795
1796
1797
1798
1799
1800
1801
1802
1803
1804
1805
1806
1807
1808
1809
1810
1811
1812
1813
1814
1815
1816
1817
1818
1819
1820
1821
1822
1823
1824
1825
1826
1827
1828
1829
1830
1831
1832
1833
1834
1835
1836
1837
1838
1839
1840
1841
1842
1843
1844
1845
1846
1847
1848
1849
1850
1851
1852
1853
1854
1855
1856
1857
1858
1859
1860
1861
1862
1863
1864
1865
1866
1867
1868
1869
1870
1871
1872
1873
1874
1875
1876
1877
1878
1879
1880
1881
1882
1883
1884
1885
1886
1887
1888
1889
1890
1891
1892
1893
1894
1895
1896
1897
1898
1899
1900
1901
1902
1903
1904
1905
1906
1907
1908
1909
1910
1911
1912
1913
1914
1915
1916
1917
1918
1919
1920
1921
1922
1923
1924
1925
1926
1927
1928
1929
1930
1931
1932
1933
1934
1935
1936
1937
1938
1939
1940
1941
1942
1943
1944
1945
1946
1947
1948
1949
1950
1951
1952
1953
1954
1955
1956
1957
1958
1959
1960
1961
1962
1963
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
2024
2025
2026
2027
2028
2029
2030
2031
2032
2033
2034
2035
2036
2037
2038
2039
2040
2041
2042
2043
2044
2045
2046
2047
2048
2049
2050
2051
2052
2053
2054
2055
2056
2057
2058
2059
2060
2061
2062
2063
2064
2065
2066
2067
2068
2069
2070
2071
2072
2073
2074
2075
2076
2077
2078
2079
2080
2081
2082
2083
2084
2085
2086
2087
2088
2089
2090
2091
2092
2093
2094
2095
2096
2097
2098
2099
2100
2101
2102
2103
2104
2105
2106
2107
2108
2109
2110
2111
2112
2113
2114
2115
2116
2117
2118
2119
2120
2121
2122
2123
2124
2125
2126
2127
2128
2129
2130
2131
2132
2133
2134
2135
2136
2137
2138
2139
2140
2141
2142
2143
2144
2145
2146
2147
2148
2149
2150
2151
2152
2153
2154
2155
2156
2157
2158
2159
2160
2161
2162
2163
2164
2165
2166
2167
2168
2169
2170
2171
2172
2173
2174
2175
2176
2177
2178
2179
2180
2181
2182
2183
2184
2185
2186
2187
2188
2189
2190
2191
2192
2193
2194
2195
2196
2197
2198
2199
2200
2201
2202
2203
2204
2205
2206
2207
2208
2209
2210
2211
2212
2213
2214
2215
2216
2217
2218
2219
2220
2221
2222
2223
2224
2225
2226
2227
2228
2229
2230
2231
2232
2233
2234
2235
2236
2237
2238
2239
2240
2241
2242
2243
2244
2245
2246
2247
2248
2249
2250
2251
2252
2253
2254
2255
2256
2257
2258
2259
2260
2261
2262
2263
2264
2265
2266
2267
2268
2269
2270
2271
2272
2273
2274
2275
2276
2277
2278
2279
2280
2281
2282
2283
2284
2285
2286
2287
2288
2289
2290
2291
2292
2293
2294
2295
2296
2297
2298
2299
2300
2301
2302
2303
2304
2305
2306
2307
2308
2309
2310
2311
2312
2313
2314
2315
2316
2317
2318
2319
2320
2321
2322
2323
2324
2325
2326
2327
2328
2329
2330
2331
2332
2333
2334
2335
2336
2337
2338
2339
2340
2341
2342
2343
2344
2345
2346
2347
2348
2349
2350
2351
2352
2353
2354
2355
2356
2357
2358
2359
2360
2361
2362
2363
2364
2365
2366
2367
2368
2369
2370
2371
2372
2373
2374
2375
2376
2377
2378
2379
2380
2381
2382
2383
2384
2385
2386
2387
2388
2389
2390
2391
2392
2393
2394
2395
2396
2397
2398
2399
2400
2401
2402
2403
2404
2405
2406
2407
2408
2409
2410
2411
2412
2413
2414
2415
2416
2417
2418
2419
2420
2421
2422
2423
2424
2425
2426
2427
2428
2429
2430
2431
2432
2433
2434
2435
2436
2437
2438
2439
2440
2441
2442
2443
2444
2445
2446
2447
2448
2449
2450
2451
2452
2453
2454
2455
2456
2457
2458
2459
2460
2461
2462
2463
2464
2465
2466
2467
2468
2469
2470
2471
2472
2473
2474
2475
2476
2477
2478
2479
2480
2481
2482
2483
2484
2485
2486
2487
2488
2489
2490
2491
2492
2493
2494
2495
2496
2497
2498
2499
2500
2501
2502
2503
2504
2505
2506
2507
2508
2509
2510
2511
2512
2513
2514
2515
2516
2517
2518
2519
2520
2521
2522
2523
2524
2525
2526
2527
2528
2529
2530
2531
2532
2533
2534
2535
2536
2537
2538
2539
2540
2541
2542
2543
2544
2545
2546
2547
2548
2549
2550
2551
2552
2553
2554
2555
2556
2557
2558
2559
2560
2561
2562
2563
2564
2565
2566
2567
2568
2569
2570
2571
2572
2573
2574
2575
2576
2577
2578
2579
2580
2581
2582
2583
2584
2585
2586
2587
2588
2589
2590
2591
2592
2593
2594
2595
2596
2597
2598
2599
2600
2601
2602
2603
2604
2605
2606
2607
2608
2609
2610
2611
2612
2613
2614
2615
2616
2617
2618
2619
2620
2621
2622
2623
2624
2625
2626
2627
2628
2629
2630
2631
2632
2633
2634
2635
2636
2637
2638
2639
2640
2641
2642
2643
2644
2645
2646
2647
2648
2649
2650
2651
2652
2653
2654
2655
2656
2657
2658
2659
2660
2661
2662
2663
2664
2665
2666
2667
2668
2669
2670
2671
2672
2673
2674
2675
2676
2677
2678
2679
2680
2681
2682
2683
2684
2685
2686
2687
2688
2689
2690
2691
2692
2693
2694
2695
2696
2697
2698
2699
2700
2701
2702
2703
2704
2705
2706
2707
2708
2709
2710
2711
2712
2713
2714
2715
2716
2717
2718
2719
2720
2721
2722
2723
2724
2725
2726
2727
2728
2729
2730
2731
2732
2733
2734
2735
2736
2737
2738
2739
2740
2741
2742
2743
2744
2745
2746
2747
2748
2749
2750
2751
2752
2753
2754
2755
2756
2757
2758
2759
2760
2761
2762
2763
2764
2765
2766
2767
2768
2769
2770
2771
2772
2773
2774
2775
2776
2777
2778
2779
2780
2781
2782
2783
2784
2785
2786
2787
2788
2789
2790
2791
2792
2793
2794
2795
2796
2797
2798
2799
2800
2801
2802
2803
2804
2805
2806
2807
2808
2809
2810
2811
2812
2813
2814
2815
2816
2817
2818
2819
2820
2821
2822
2823
2824
2825
2826
2827
2828
2829
2830
2831
2832
2833
2834
2835
2836
2837
2838
2839
2840
2841
2842
2843
2844
2845
2846
2847
2848
2849
2850
2851
2852
2853
2854
2855
2856
2857
2858
2859
2860
2861
2862
2863
2864
2865
2866
2867
2868
2869
2870
2871
2872
2873
2874
2875
2876
2877
2878
2879
2880
2881
2882
2883
2884
2885
2886
2887
2888
2889
2890
2891
2892
2893
2894
2895
2896
2897
2898
2899
2900
2901
2902
2903
2904
2905
2906
2907
2908
2909
2910
2911
2912
2913
2914
2915
2916
2917
2918
2919
2920
2921
2922
2923
2924
2925
2926
2927
2928
2929
2930
2931
2932
2933
2934
2935
2936
2937
2938
2939
2940
2941
2942
2943
2944
2945
2946
2947
2948
2949
2950
2951
2952
2953
2954
2955
2956
2957
2958
2959
2960
2961
2962
2963
2964
2965
2966
2967
2968
2969
2970
2971
2972
2973
2974
2975
2976
2977
2978
2979
2980
2981
2982
2983
2984
2985
2986
2987
2988
2989
2990
2991
2992
2993
2994
2995
2996
2997
2998
2999
3000
3001
3002
3003
3004
3005
3006
3007
3008
3009
3010
3011
3012
3013
3014
3015
3016
3017
3018
3019
3020
3021
3022
3023
3024
3025
3026
3027
3028
3029
3030
3031
3032
3033
3034
3035
3036
3037
3038
3039
3040
3041
3042
3043
3044
3045
3046
3047
3048
3049
3050
3051
3052
3053
3054
3055
3056
3057
3058
3059
3060
3061
3062
3063
3064
3065
3066
3067
3068
3069
3070
3071
3072
3073
3074
3075
3076
3077
3078
3079
3080
3081
3082
3083
3084
3085
3086
3087
3088
3089
3090
3091
3092
3093
3094
3095
3096
3097
3098
3099
3100
3101
3102
3103
3104
3105
3106
3107
3108
3109
3110
3111
3112
3113
3114
3115
3116
3117
3118
3119
3120
3121
3122
3123
3124
3125
3126
3127
3128
3129
3130
3131
3132
3133
3134
3135
3136
3137
3138
3139
3140
3141
3142
3143
3144
3145
3146
3147
3148
3149
3150
3151
3152
3153
3154
3155
3156
3157
3158
3159
3160
3161
3162
3163
3164
3165
3166
3167
3168
3169
3170
3171
3172
3173
3174
3175
3176
3177
3178
3179
3180
3181
3182
3183
3184
3185
3186
3187
3188
3189
3190
3191
3192
3193
3194
3195
3196
3197
3198
3199
3200
3201
3202
3203
3204
3205
3206
3207
3208
3209
3210
3211
3212
3213
3214
3215
3216
3217
3218
3219
3220
3221
3222
3223
3224
3225
3226
3227
3228
3229
3230
3231
3232
3233
3234
3235
3236
3237
3238
3239
3240
3241
3242
3243
3244
3245
3246
3247
3248
3249
3250
3251
3252
3253
3254
3255
3256
3257
3258
3259
3260
3261
3262
3263
3264
3265
3266
3267
3268
3269
3270
3271
3272
3273
3274
3275
3276
3277
3278
3279
3280
3281
3282
3283
3284
3285
3286
3287
3288
3289
3290
3291
3292
3293
3294
3295
3296
3297
3298
3299
3300
3301
3302
3303
3304
3305
3306
3307
3308
3309
3310
3311
3312
3313
3314
3315
3316
3317
3318
3319
3320
3321
3322
3323
3324
3325
3326
3327
3328
3329
3330
3331
3332
3333
3334
3335
3336
3337
3338
3339
3340
3341
3342
3343
3344
3345
3346
3347
3348
3349
3350
3351
3352
3353
3354
3355
3356
3357
3358
3359
3360
3361
3362
3363
3364
3365
3366
3367
3368
3369
3370
3371
3372
3373
3374
3375
3376
3377
3378
3379
3380
3381
3382
3383
3384
3385
3386
3387
3388
3389
3390
3391
3392
3393
3394
3395
3396
3397
3398
3399
3400
3401
3402
3403
3404
3405
3406
3407
3408
3409
3410
3411
3412
3413
3414
3415
3416
3417
3418
3419
3420
3421
3422
3423
3424
3425
3426
3427
3428
3429
3430
3431
3432
3433
3434
3435
3436
3437
3438
3439
3440
3441
3442
3443
3444
3445
3446
3447
3448
3449
3450
3451
3452
3453
3454
3455
3456
3457
3458
3459
3460
3461
3462
3463
3464
3465
3466
3467
3468
3469
3470
3471
3472
3473
3474
3475
3476
3477
3478
3479
3480
3481
3482
3483
3484
3485
3486
3487
3488
3489
3490
3491
3492
3493
3494
3495
3496
3497
3498
3499
3500
3501
3502
3503
3504
3505
3506
3507
3508
3509
3510
3511
3512
3513
3514
3515
3516
3517
3518
3519
3520
3521
3522
3523
3524
3525
3526
3527
3528
3529
3530
3531
3532
3533
3534
3535
3536
3537
3538
3539
3540
3541
3542
3543
3544
3545
3546
3547
3548
3549
3550
3551
3552
3553
3554
3555
3556
3557
3558
3559
3560
3561
3562
3563
3564
3565
3566
3567
3568
3569
3570
3571
3572
3573
3574
3575
3576
3577
3578
3579
3580
3581
3582
3583
3584
3585
3586
3587
3588
3589
3590
3591
3592
3593
3594
3595
3596
3597
3598
3599
3600
3601
3602
3603
3604
3605
3606
3607
3608
3609
3610
3611
3612
3613
3614
3615
3616
3617
3618
3619
3620
3621
3622
3623
3624
3625
3626
3627
3628
3629
3630
3631
3632
3633
3634
3635
3636
3637
3638
3639
3640
3641
3642
3643
3644
3645
3646
3647
3648
3649
3650
3651
3652
3653
3654
3655
3656
3657
3658
3659
3660
3661
3662
3663
3664
3665
3666
3667
3668
3669
3670
3671
3672
3673
3674
3675
3676
3677
3678
3679
3680
3681
3682
3683
3684
3685
3686
3687
3688
3689
3690
3691
3692
3693
3694
3695
3696
3697
3698
3699
3700
3701
3702
3703
3704
3705
3706
3707
3708
3709
3710
3711
3712
3713
3714
3715
3716
3717
3718
3719
3720
3721
3722
3723
3724
3725
3726
3727
3728
3729
3730
3731
3732
3733
3734
3735
3736
3737
3738
3739
3740
3741
3742
3743
3744
3745
3746
3747
3748
3749
3750
3751
3752
3753
3754
3755
3756
3757
3758
3759
3760
3761
3762
3763
3764
3765
3766
3767
3768
3769
3770
3771
3772
3773
3774
3775
3776
3777
3778
3779
3780
3781
3782
3783
3784
3785
3786
3787
3788
3789
3790
3791
3792
3793
3794
3795
3796
3797
3798
3799
3800
3801
3802
3803
3804
3805
3806
3807
3808
3809
3810
3811
3812
3813
3814
3815
3816
3817
3818
3819
3820
3821
3822
3823
3824
3825
3826
3827
3828
3829
3830
3831
3832
3833
3834
3835
3836
3837
3838
3839
3840
3841
3842
3843
3844
3845
3846
3847
3848
3849
3850
3851
3852
3853
3854
3855
3856
3857
3858
3859
3860
3861
3862
3863
3864
3865
3866
3867
3868
3869
3870
3871
3872
3873
3874
3875
3876
3877
3878
3879
3880
3881
3882
3883
3884
3885
3886
3887
3888
3889
3890
3891
3892
3893
3894
3895
3896
3897
3898
3899
3900
3901
3902
3903
3904
3905
3906
3907
3908
3909
3910
3911
3912
3913
3914
3915
3916
3917
3918
3919
3920
3921
3922
3923
3924
3925
3926
3927
3928
3929
3930
3931
3932
3933
3934
3935
3936
3937
3938
3939
3940
3941
3942
3943
3944
3945
3946
3947
3948
3949
3950
3951
3952
3953
3954
3955
3956
3957
3958
3959
3960
3961
3962
3963
3964
3965
3966
3967
3968
3969
3970
3971
3972
3973
3974
3975
3976
3977
3978
3979
3980
3981
3982
3983
3984
3985
3986
3987
3988
3989
3990
3991
3992
3993
3994
3995
3996
3997
3998
3999
4000
4001
4002
4003
4004
4005
4006
4007
4008
4009
4010
4011
4012
4013
4014
4015
4016
4017
4018
4019
4020
4021
4022
4023
4024
4025
4026
4027
4028
4029
4030
4031
4032
4033
4034
4035
4036
4037
4038
4039
4040
4041
4042
4043
4044
4045
4046
4047
4048
4049
4050
4051
4052
4053
4054
4055
4056
4057
4058
4059
4060
4061
4062
4063
4064
4065
4066
4067
4068
4069
4070
4071
4072
4073
4074
4075
4076
4077
4078
4079
4080
4081
4082
4083
4084
4085
4086
4087
4088
4089
4090
4091
4092
4093
4094
4095
4096
4097
4098
4099
4100
4101
4102
4103
4104
4105
4106
4107
4108
4109
4110
4111
4112
4113
4114
4115
4116
4117
4118
4119
4120
4121
4122
4123
4124
4125
4126
4127
4128
4129
4130
4131
4132
4133
4134
4135
4136
4137
4138
4139
4140
4141
4142
4143
4144
4145
4146
4147
4148
4149
4150
4151
4152
4153
4154
4155
4156
4157
4158
4159
4160
4161
4162
4163
4164
4165
4166
4167
4168
4169
4170
4171
4172
4173
4174
4175
4176
4177
4178
4179
4180
4181
4182
4183
4184
4185
4186
4187
4188
4189
4190
4191
4192
4193
4194
4195
4196
4197
4198
4199
4200
4201
4202
4203
4204
4205
4206
4207
4208
4209
4210
4211
4212
4213
4214
4215
4216
4217
4218
4219
4220
4221
4222
4223
4224
4225
4226
4227
4228
4229
4230
4231
4232
4233
4234
4235
4236
4237
4238
4239
4240
4241
4242
4243
4244
4245
4246
4247
4248
4249
4250
4251
4252
4253
4254
4255
4256
4257
4258
4259
4260
4261
4262
4263
4264
4265
4266
4267
4268
4269
4270
4271
4272
4273
4274
4275
4276
4277
4278
4279
4280
4281
4282
4283
4284
4285
4286
4287
4288
4289
4290
4291
4292
4293
4294
4295
4296
4297
4298
4299
4300
4301
4302
4303
4304
4305
4306
4307
4308
4309
4310
4311
4312
4313
4314
4315
4316
4317
4318
4319
4320
4321
4322
4323
4324
4325
4326
4327
4328
4329
4330
4331
4332
4333
4334
4335
4336
4337
4338
4339
4340
4341
4342
4343
4344
4345
4346
4347
4348
4349
4350
4351
4352
4353
4354
4355
4356
4357
4358
4359
4360
4361
4362
4363
4364
4365
4366
4367
4368
4369
4370
4371
4372
4373
4374
4375
4376
4377
4378
4379
4380
4381
4382
4383
4384
4385
4386
4387
4388
4389
4390
4391
4392
4393
4394
4395
4396
4397
4398
4399
4400
4401
4402
4403
4404
4405
4406
4407
4408
4409
4410
4411
4412
4413
4414
4415
4416
4417
4418
4419
4420
4421
4422
4423
4424
4425
4426
4427
4428
4429
4430
4431
4432
4433
4434
4435
4436
4437
4438
4439
4440
4441
4442
4443
4444
4445
4446
4447
4448
4449
4450
4451
4452
4453
4454
4455
4456
4457
4458
4459
4460
4461
4462
4463
4464
4465
4466
4467
4468
4469
4470
4471
4472
4473
4474
4475
4476
4477
4478
4479
4480
4481
4482
4483
4484
4485
4486
4487
4488
4489
4490
4491
4492
4493
4494
4495
4496
4497
4498
4499
4500
4501
4502
4503
4504
4505
4506
4507
4508
4509
4510
4511
4512
4513
4514
4515
4516
4517
4518
4519
4520
4521
4522
4523
4524
4525
4526
4527
4528
4529
4530
4531
4532
4533
4534
4535
4536
4537
4538
4539
4540
4541
4542
4543
4544
4545
4546
4547
4548
4549
4550
4551
4552
4553
4554
4555
4556
4557
4558
4559
4560
4561
4562
4563
4564
4565
4566
4567
4568
4569
4570
4571
4572
4573
4574
4575
4576
4577
4578
4579
4580
4581
4582
4583
4584
4585
4586
4587
4588
4589
4590
4591
4592
4593
4594
4595
4596
4597
4598
4599
4600
4601
4602
4603
4604
4605
4606
4607
4608
4609
4610
4611
4612
4613
4614
4615
4616
4617
4618
4619
4620
4621
4622
4623
4624
4625
4626
4627
4628
4629
4630
4631
4632
4633
4634
4635
4636
4637
4638
4639
4640
4641
4642
4643
4644
4645
4646
4647
4648
4649
4650
4651
4652
4653
4654
4655
4656
4657
4658
4659
4660
4661
4662
4663
4664
4665
4666
4667
4668
4669
4670
4671
4672
4673
4674
4675
4676
4677
4678
4679
4680
4681
4682
4683
4684
4685
4686
4687
4688
4689
4690
4691
4692
4693
4694
4695
4696
4697
4698
4699
4700
4701
4702
4703
4704
4705
4706
4707
4708
4709
4710
4711
4712
4713
4714
4715
4716
4717
4718
4719
4720
4721
4722
4723
4724
4725
4726
4727
4728
4729
4730
4731
4732
4733
4734
4735
4736
4737
4738
4739
4740
4741
4742
4743
4744
4745
4746
4747
4748
4749
4750
4751
4752
4753
4754
4755
4756
4757
4758
4759
4760
4761
4762
4763
4764
4765
4766
4767
4768
4769
4770
4771
4772
4773
4774
4775
4776
4777
4778
4779
4780
4781
4782
4783
4784
4785
4786
4787
4788
4789
4790
4791
4792
4793
4794
4795
4796
4797
4798
4799
4800
4801
4802
4803
4804
4805
4806
4807
4808
4809
4810
4811
4812
4813
4814
4815
4816
4817
4818
4819
4820
4821
4822
4823
4824
4825
4826
4827
4828
4829
4830
4831
4832
4833
4834
4835
4836
4837
4838
4839
4840
4841
4842
4843
4844
4845
4846
4847
4848
4849
4850
4851
4852
4853
4854
4855
4856
4857
4858
4859
4860
4861
4862
4863
4864
4865
4866
4867
4868
4869
4870
4871
4872
4873
4874
4875
4876
4877
4878
4879
4880
4881
4882
4883
4884
4885
4886
4887
4888
4889
4890
4891
4892
4893
4894
4895
4896
4897
4898
4899
4900
4901
4902
4903
4904
4905
4906
4907
4908
4909
4910
4911
4912
4913
4914
4915
4916
4917
4918
4919
4920
4921
4922
4923
4924
4925
4926
4927
4928
4929
4930
4931
4932
4933
4934
4935
4936
4937
4938
4939
4940
4941
4942
4943
4944
4945
4946
4947
4948
4949
4950
4951
4952
4953
4954
4955
4956
4957
4958
4959
4960
4961
4962
4963
4964
4965
4966
4967
4968
4969
4970
4971
4972
4973
4974
4975
4976
4977
4978
4979
4980
4981
4982
4983
4984
4985
4986
4987
4988
4989
4990
4991
4992
4993
4994
4995
4996
4997
4998
4999
5000
5001
5002
5003
5004
5005
5006
5007
5008
5009
5010
5011
5012
5013
5014
5015
5016
5017
5018
5019
5020
5021
5022
5023
5024
5025
5026
5027
5028
5029
5030
5031
5032
5033
5034
5035
5036
5037
5038
5039
5040
5041
5042
5043
5044
5045
5046
5047
5048
5049
5050
5051
5052
5053
5054
5055
5056
5057
5058
5059
5060
5061
5062
5063
5064
5065
5066
5067
5068
5069
5070
5071
5072
5073
5074
5075
5076
5077
5078
5079
5080
5081
5082
5083
5084
5085
5086
5087
5088
5089
5090
5091
5092
5093
5094
5095
5096
5097
5098
5099
5100
5101
5102
5103
5104
5105
5106
5107
5108
5109
5110
5111
5112
5113
5114
5115
5116
5117
5118
5119
5120
5121
5122
5123
5124
5125
5126
5127
5128
5129
5130
5131
5132
5133
5134
5135
5136
5137
5138
5139
5140
5141
5142
5143
5144
5145
5146
5147
5148
5149
5150
5151
5152
5153
5154
5155
5156
5157
5158
5159
5160
5161
5162
5163
5164
5165
5166
5167
5168
5169
5170
5171
5172
5173
5174
5175
5176
5177
5178
5179
5180
5181
5182
5183
5184
5185
5186
5187
5188
5189
5190
5191
5192
5193
5194
5195
5196
5197
5198
5199
5200
5201
5202
5203
5204
5205
5206
5207
5208
5209
5210
5211
5212
5213
5214
5215
5216
5217
5218
5219
5220
5221
5222
5223
5224
5225
5226
5227
5228
5229
5230
5231
5232
5233
5234
5235
5236
5237
5238
5239
5240
5241
5242
5243
5244
5245
5246
5247
5248
5249
5250
5251
5252
5253
5254
5255
5256
5257
5258
5259
5260
5261
5262
5263
5264
5265
5266
5267
5268
5269
5270
5271
5272
5273
5274
5275
5276
5277
5278
5279
5280
5281
5282
5283
5284
5285
5286
5287
5288
5289
5290
5291
5292
5293
5294
5295
5296
5297
5298
5299
5300
5301
5302
5303
5304
5305
5306
5307
5308
5309
5310
5311
5312
5313
5314
5315
5316
5317
5318
5319
5320
5321
5322
5323
5324
5325
5326
5327
5328
5329
5330
5331
5332
5333
5334
5335
5336
5337
5338
5339
5340
5341
5342
5343
5344
5345
5346
5347
5348
5349
5350
5351
5352
5353
5354
5355
5356
5357
5358
5359
5360
5361
5362
5363
5364
5365
5366
5367
5368
5369
5370
5371
5372
5373
5374
5375
5376
5377
5378
5379
5380
5381
5382
5383
5384
5385
5386
5387
5388
5389
5390
5391
5392
5393
5394
5395
5396
5397
5398
5399
5400
5401
5402
5403
5404
5405
5406
5407
5408
5409
5410
5411
5412
5413
5414
5415
5416
5417
5418
5419
5420
5421
5422
5423
5424
5425
5426
5427
5428
5429
5430
5431
5432
5433
5434
5435
5436
5437
5438
5439
5440
5441
5442
5443
5444
5445
5446
5447
5448
5449
5450
5451
5452
5453
5454
5455
5456
5457
5458
5459
5460
5461
5462
5463
5464
5465
5466
5467
5468
5469
5470
5471
5472
5473
5474
5475
5476
5477
5478
5479
5480
5481
5482
5483
5484
5485
5486
5487
5488
5489
5490
5491
5492
5493
5494
5495
5496
5497
5498
5499
5500
5501
5502
5503
5504
5505
5506
5507
5508
5509
5510
5511
5512
5513
5514
5515
5516
5517
5518
5519
5520
5521
5522
5523
5524
5525
5526
5527
5528
5529
5530
5531
5532
5533
5534
5535
5536
5537
5538
5539
5540
5541
5542
5543
5544
5545
5546
5547
5548
5549
5550
5551
5552
5553
5554
5555
5556
5557
5558
5559
5560
5561
5562
5563
5564
5565
5566
5567
5568
5569
5570
5571
5572
5573
5574
5575
5576
5577
5578
5579
5580
5581
5582
5583
5584
5585
5586
5587
5588
5589
5590
5591
5592
5593
5594
5595
5596
5597
5598
5599
5600
5601
5602
5603
5604
5605
5606
5607
5608
5609
5610
5611
5612
5613
5614
5615
5616
5617
5618
5619
5620
5621
5622
5623
5624
5625
5626
5627
5628
5629
5630
5631
5632
5633
5634
5635
5636
5637
5638
5639
5640
5641
5642
5643
5644
5645
5646
5647
5648
5649
5650
5651
5652
5653
5654
5655
5656
5657
5658
5659
5660
5661
5662
5663
5664
5665
5666
5667
5668
5669
5670
5671
5672
5673
5674
5675
5676
5677
5678
5679
5680
5681
5682
5683
5684
5685
5686
5687
5688
5689
5690
5691
5692
5693
5694
5695
5696
5697
5698
5699
5700
5701
5702
5703
5704
5705
5706
5707
5708
5709
5710
5711
5712
5713
5714
5715
5716
5717
5718
5719
5720
5721
5722
5723
5724
5725
5726
5727
5728
5729
5730
5731
5732
5733
5734
5735
5736
5737
5738
5739
5740
5741
5742
5743
5744
5745
5746
5747
5748
5749
5750
5751
5752
5753
5754
5755
5756
5757
5758
5759
5760
5761
5762
5763
5764
5765
5766
5767
5768
5769
5770
5771
5772
5773
5774
5775
5776
5777
5778
5779
5780
5781
5782
5783
5784
5785
5786
5787
5788
5789
5790
5791
5792
5793
5794
5795
5796
5797
5798
5799
5800
5801
5802
5803
5804
5805
5806
5807
5808
5809
5810
5811
5812
5813
5814
5815
5816
5817
5818
5819
5820
5821
5822
5823
5824
5825
5826
5827
5828
5829
5830
5831
5832
5833
5834
5835
5836
5837
5838
5839
5840
5841
5842
5843
5844
5845
5846
5847
5848
5849
5850
5851
5852
5853
5854
5855
5856
5857
5858
5859
5860
5861
5862
5863
5864
5865
5866
5867
5868
5869
5870
5871
5872
5873
5874
5875
5876
5877
5878
5879
5880
5881
5882
5883
5884
5885
5886
5887
5888
5889
5890
5891
5892
5893
5894
5895
5896
5897
5898
5899
5900
5901
5902
5903
5904
5905
5906
5907
5908
5909
5910
5911
5912
5913
5914
5915
5916
5917
5918
5919
5920
5921
5922
5923
5924
5925
5926
5927
5928
5929
5930
5931
5932
5933
5934
5935
5936
5937
5938
5939
5940
5941
5942
5943
5944
5945
5946
5947
5948
5949
5950
5951
5952
5953
5954
5955
5956
5957
5958
5959
5960
5961
5962
5963
5964
5965
5966
5967
5968
5969
5970
5971
5972
5973
5974
5975
5976
5977
5978
5979
5980
5981
5982
5983
5984
5985
5986
5987
5988
5989
5990
5991
5992
5993
5994
5995
5996
5997
5998
5999
6000
6001
6002
6003
6004
6005
6006
6007
6008
6009
6010
6011
6012
6013
6014
6015
6016
6017
6018
6019
6020
6021
6022
6023
6024
6025
6026
6027
6028
6029
6030
6031
6032
6033
6034
6035
6036
6037
6038
6039
6040
6041
6042
6043
6044
6045
6046
6047
6048
6049
6050
6051
6052
6053
6054
6055
6056
6057
6058
6059
6060
6061
6062
6063
6064
6065
6066
6067
6068
6069
6070
6071
6072
6073
6074
6075
6076
6077
6078
6079
6080
6081
6082
6083
6084
6085
6086
6087
6088
6089
6090
6091
6092
6093
6094
6095
6096
6097
6098
6099
6100
6101
6102
6103
6104
6105
6106
6107
6108
6109
6110
6111
6112
6113
6114
6115
6116
6117
6118
6119
6120
6121
6122
6123
6124
6125
6126
6127
6128
6129
6130
6131
6132
6133
6134
6135
6136
6137
6138
6139
6140
6141
6142
6143
6144
6145
6146
6147
6148
6149
6150
6151
6152
6153
6154
6155
6156
6157
6158
6159
6160
6161
6162
6163
6164
6165
6166
6167
6168
6169
6170
6171
6172
6173
6174
6175
6176
6177
6178
6179
6180
6181
6182
6183
6184
6185
6186
6187
6188
6189
6190
6191
6192
6193
6194
6195
6196
6197
6198
6199
6200
6201
6202
6203
6204
6205
6206
6207
6208
6209
6210
6211
6212
6213
6214
6215
6216
6217
6218
6219
6220
6221
6222
6223
6224
6225
6226
6227
6228
6229
6230
6231
6232
6233
6234
6235
6236
6237
6238
6239
6240
6241
6242
6243
6244
6245
6246
6247
6248
6249
6250
6251
6252
6253
6254
6255
6256
6257
6258
6259
6260
6261
6262
6263
6264
6265
6266
6267
6268
6269
6270
6271
6272
6273
6274
6275
6276
6277
6278
6279
6280
6281
6282
6283
6284
6285
6286
6287
6288
6289
6290
6291
6292
6293
6294
6295
6296
6297
6298
6299
6300
6301
6302
6303
6304
6305
6306
6307
6308
6309
6310
6311
6312
6313
6314
6315
6316
6317
6318
6319
6320
6321
6322
6323
6324
6325
6326
6327
6328
6329
6330
6331
6332
6333
6334
6335
6336
6337
6338
6339
6340
6341
6342
6343
6344
6345
6346
6347
6348
6349
6350
6351
6352
6353
6354
6355
6356
6357
6358
6359
6360
6361
6362
6363
6364
6365
6366
6367
6368
6369
6370
6371
6372
6373
6374
6375
6376
6377
6378
6379
6380
6381
6382
6383
6384
6385
6386
6387
6388
6389
6390
6391
6392
6393
6394
6395
6396
6397
6398
6399
6400
6401
6402
6403
6404
6405
6406
6407
6408
6409
6410
6411
6412
6413
6414
6415
6416
6417
6418
6419
6420
6421
6422
6423
6424
6425
6426
6427
6428
6429
6430
6431
6432
6433
6434
6435
6436
6437
6438
6439
6440
6441
6442
6443
6444
6445
6446
6447
6448
6449
6450
6451
6452
6453
6454
6455
6456
6457
6458
6459
6460
6461
6462
6463
6464
6465
6466
6467
6468
6469
6470
6471
6472
6473
6474
6475
6476
6477
6478
6479
6480
6481
6482
6483
6484
6485
6486
6487
6488
6489
6490
6491
6492
6493
6494
6495
6496
6497
6498
6499
6500
6501
6502
6503
6504
6505
6506
6507
6508
6509
6510
6511
6512
6513
6514
6515
6516
6517
6518
6519
6520
6521
6522
6523
6524
6525
6526
6527
6528
6529
6530
6531
6532
6533
6534
6535
6536
6537
6538
6539
6540
6541
6542
6543
6544
6545
6546
6547
6548
6549
6550
6551
6552
6553
6554
6555
6556
6557
6558
6559
6560
6561
6562
6563
6564
6565
6566
6567
6568
6569
6570
6571
6572
6573
6574
6575
6576
6577
6578
6579
6580
6581
6582
6583
6584
6585
6586
6587
6588
6589
6590
6591
6592
6593
6594
6595
6596
6597
6598
6599
6600
6601
6602
6603
6604
6605
6606
6607
6608
6609
6610
6611
6612
6613
6614
6615
6616
6617
6618
6619
6620
6621
6622
6623
6624
6625
6626
6627
6628
6629
6630
6631
6632
6633
6634
6635
6636
6637
6638
6639
6640
6641
6642
6643
6644
6645
6646
6647
6648
6649
6650
6651
6652
6653
6654
6655
6656
6657
6658
6659
6660
6661
6662
6663
6664
6665
6666
6667
6668
6669
6670
6671
6672
6673
6674
6675
6676
6677
6678
6679
6680
6681
6682
6683
6684
6685
6686
6687
6688
6689
6690
6691
6692
6693
6694
6695
6696
6697
6698
6699
6700
6701
6702
6703
6704
6705
6706
6707
6708
6709
6710
6711
6712
6713
6714
6715
6716
6717
6718
6719
6720
6721
6722
6723
6724
6725
6726
6727
6728
6729
6730
6731
6732
6733
6734
6735
6736
6737
6738
6739
6740
6741
6742
6743
6744
6745
6746
6747
6748
6749
6750
6751
6752
6753
6754
6755
6756
6757
6758
6759
6760
6761
6762
6763
6764
6765
6766
6767
6768
6769
6770
6771
6772
6773
6774
6775
6776
6777
6778
6779
6780
6781
6782
6783
6784
6785
6786
6787
6788
6789
6790
6791
6792
6793
6794
6795
6796
6797
6798
6799
6800
6801
6802
6803
6804
6805
6806
6807
6808
6809
6810
6811
6812
6813
6814
6815
6816
6817
6818
6819
6820
6821
6822
6823
6824
6825
6826
6827
6828
6829
6830
6831
6832
6833
6834
6835
6836
6837
6838
6839
6840
6841
6842
6843
6844
6845
6846
6847
6848
6849
6850
6851
6852
6853
6854
6855
6856
6857
6858
6859
6860
6861
6862
6863
6864
6865
6866
6867
6868
6869
6870
6871
6872
6873
6874
6875
6876
6877
6878
6879
6880
6881
6882
6883
6884
6885
6886
6887
6888
6889
6890
6891
6892
6893
6894
6895
6896
6897
6898
6899
6900
6901
6902
6903
6904
6905
6906
6907
6908
6909
6910
6911
6912
6913
6914
6915
6916
6917
6918
6919
6920
6921
6922
6923
6924
6925
6926
6927
6928
6929
6930
6931
6932
6933
6934
6935
6936
6937
6938
6939
6940
6941
6942
6943
6944
6945
6946
6947
6948
6949
6950
6951
6952
6953
6954
6955
6956
6957
6958
6959
6960
6961
6962
6963
6964
6965
6966
6967
6968
6969
6970
6971
6972
6973
6974
6975
6976
6977
6978
6979
6980
6981
6982
6983
6984
6985
6986
6987
6988
6989
6990
6991
6992
6993
6994
6995
6996
6997
6998
6999
7000
7001
7002
7003
7004
7005
7006
7007
7008
7009
7010
7011
7012
7013
7014
7015
7016
7017
7018
7019
7020
7021
7022
7023
7024
7025
7026
7027
7028
7029
7030
7031
7032
7033
7034
7035
7036
7037
7038
7039
7040
7041
7042
7043
7044
7045
7046
7047
7048
7049
7050
7051
7052
7053
7054
7055
7056
7057
7058
7059
7060
7061
7062
7063
7064
7065
7066
7067
7068
7069
7070
7071
7072
7073
7074
7075
7076
7077
7078
7079
7080
7081
7082
7083
7084
7085
7086
7087
7088
7089
7090
7091
7092
7093
7094
7095
7096
7097
7098
7099
7100
7101
7102
7103
7104
7105
7106
7107
7108
7109
7110
7111
7112
7113
7114
7115
7116
7117
7118
7119
7120
7121
7122
7123
7124
7125
7126
7127
7128
7129
7130
7131
7132
7133
7134
7135
7136
7137
7138
7139
7140
7141
7142
7143
7144
7145
7146
7147
7148
7149
7150
7151
7152
7153
7154
7155
7156
7157
7158
7159
7160
7161
7162
7163
7164
7165
7166
7167
7168
7169
7170
7171
7172
7173
7174
7175
7176
7177
7178
7179
7180
7181
7182
7183
7184
7185
7186
7187
7188
7189
7190
7191
7192
7193
7194
7195
7196
7197
7198
7199
7200
7201
7202
7203
7204
7205
7206
7207
7208
7209
7210
7211
7212
7213
7214
7215
7216
7217
7218
7219
7220
7221
7222
7223
7224
7225
7226
7227
7228
7229
7230
7231
7232
7233
7234
7235
7236
7237
7238
7239
7240
7241
7242
7243
7244
7245
7246
7247
7248
7249
7250
7251
7252
7253
7254
7255
7256
7257
7258
7259
7260
7261
7262
7263
7264
7265
7266
7267
7268
7269
7270
7271
7272
7273
7274
7275
7276
7277
7278
7279
7280
7281
7282
7283
7284
7285
7286
7287
7288
7289
7290
7291
7292
7293
7294
7295
7296
7297
7298
7299
7300
7301
7302
7303
7304
7305
7306
7307
7308
7309
7310
7311
7312
7313
7314
7315
7316
7317
7318
7319
7320
7321
7322
7323
7324
7325
7326
7327
7328
7329
7330
7331
7332
7333
7334
7335
7336
7337
7338
7339
7340
7341
7342
7343
7344
7345
7346
7347
7348
7349
7350
7351
7352
7353
7354
7355
7356
7357
7358
7359
7360
7361
7362
7363
7364
7365
7366
7367
7368
7369
7370
7371
7372
7373
7374
7375
7376
7377
7378
7379
7380
7381
7382
7383
7384
7385
7386
7387
7388
7389
7390
7391
7392
7393
7394
7395
7396
7397
7398
7399
7400
7401
7402
7403
7404
7405
7406
7407
7408
7409
7410
7411
7412
7413
7414
7415
7416
7417
7418
7419
7420
7421
7422
7423
7424
7425
7426
7427
7428
7429
7430
7431
7432
7433
7434
7435
7436
7437
7438
7439
7440
7441
7442
7443
7444
7445
7446
7447
7448
7449
7450
7451
7452
7453
7454
7455
7456
7457
7458
7459
7460
7461
7462
7463
7464
7465
7466
7467
7468
7469
7470
7471
7472
7473
7474
7475
7476
7477
7478
7479
7480
7481
7482
7483
7484
7485
7486
7487
7488
7489
7490
7491
7492
7493
7494
7495
7496
7497
7498
7499
7500
7501
7502
7503
7504
7505
7506
7507
7508
7509
7510
7511
7512
7513
7514
7515
7516
7517
7518
7519
7520
7521
7522
7523
7524
7525
7526
7527
7528
7529
7530
7531
7532
7533
7534
7535
7536
7537
7538
7539
7540
7541
7542
7543
7544
7545
7546
7547
7548
7549
7550
7551
7552
7553
7554
7555
7556
7557
7558
7559
7560
7561
7562
7563
7564
7565
7566
7567
7568
7569
7570
7571
7572
7573
7574
7575
7576
7577
7578
7579
7580
7581
7582
7583
7584
7585
7586
7587
7588
7589
7590
7591
7592
7593
7594
7595
7596
7597
7598
7599
7600
7601
7602
7603
7604
7605
7606
7607
7608
7609
7610
7611
7612
7613
7614
7615
7616
7617
7618
7619
7620
7621
7622
7623
7624
7625
7626
7627
7628
7629
7630
7631
7632
7633
7634
7635
7636
7637
7638
7639
7640
7641
7642
7643
7644
7645
7646
7647
7648
7649
7650
7651
7652
7653
7654
7655
7656
7657
7658
7659
7660
7661
7662
7663
7664
7665
7666
7667
7668
7669
7670
7671
7672
7673
7674
7675
7676
7677
7678
7679
7680
7681
7682
7683
7684
7685
7686
7687
7688
7689
7690
7691
7692
7693
7694
7695
7696
7697
7698
7699
7700
7701
7702
7703
7704
7705
7706
7707
7708
7709
7710
7711
7712
7713
7714
7715
7716
7717
7718
7719
7720
7721
7722
7723
7724
7725
7726
7727
7728
7729
7730
7731
7732
7733
7734
7735
7736
7737
7738
7739
7740
7741
7742
7743
7744
7745
7746
7747
7748
7749
7750
7751
7752
7753
7754
7755
7756
7757
7758
7759
7760
7761
7762
7763
7764
7765
7766
7767
7768
7769
7770
7771
7772
7773
7774
7775
7776
7777
7778
7779
7780
7781
7782
7783
7784
7785
7786
7787
7788
7789
7790
7791
7792
7793
7794
7795
7796
7797
7798
7799
7800
7801
7802
7803
7804
7805
7806
7807
7808
7809
7810
7811
7812
7813
7814
7815
7816
7817
7818
7819
7820
7821
7822
7823
7824
7825
7826
7827
7828
7829
7830
7831
7832
7833
7834
7835
7836
7837
7838
7839
7840
7841
7842
7843
7844
7845
7846
7847
7848
7849
7850
7851
7852
7853
7854
7855
7856
7857
7858
7859
7860
7861
7862
7863
7864
7865
7866
7867
7868
7869
7870
7871
7872
7873
7874
7875
7876
7877
7878
7879
7880
7881
7882
7883
7884
7885
7886
7887
7888
7889
7890
7891
7892
7893
7894
7895
7896
7897
7898
7899
7900
7901
7902
7903
7904
7905
7906
7907
7908
7909
7910
7911
7912
7913
7914
7915
7916
7917
7918
7919
7920
7921
7922
7923
7924
7925
7926
7927
7928
7929
7930
7931
7932
7933
7934
7935
7936
7937
7938
7939
7940
7941
7942
7943
7944
7945
7946
7947
7948
7949
7950
7951
7952
7953
7954
7955
7956
7957
7958
7959
7960
7961
7962
7963
7964
7965
7966
7967
7968
7969
7970
7971
7972
7973
7974
7975
7976
7977
7978
7979
7980
7981
7982
7983
7984
7985
7986
7987
7988
7989
7990
7991
7992
7993
7994
7995
7996
7997
7998
7999
8000
8001
8002
8003
8004
8005
8006
8007
8008
8009
8010
8011
8012
8013
8014
8015
8016
8017
8018
8019
8020
8021
8022
8023
8024
8025
8026
8027
8028
8029
8030
8031
8032
8033
8034
8035
8036
8037
8038
8039
8040
8041
8042
8043
8044
8045
8046
8047
8048
8049
8050
8051
8052
8053
8054
8055
8056
8057
8058
8059
8060
8061
8062
8063
8064
8065
8066
8067
8068
8069
8070
8071
8072
8073
8074
8075
8076
8077
8078
8079
8080
8081
8082
8083
8084
8085
8086
8087
8088
8089
8090
8091
8092
8093
8094
8095
8096
8097
8098
8099
8100
8101
8102
8103
8104
8105
8106
8107
8108
8109
8110
8111
8112
8113
8114
8115
8116
8117
8118
8119
8120
8121
8122
8123
8124
8125
8126
8127
8128
8129
8130
8131
8132
8133
8134
8135
8136
8137
8138
8139
8140
8141
8142
8143
8144
8145
8146
8147
8148
8149
8150
8151
8152
8153
8154
8155
8156
8157
8158
8159
8160
8161
8162
8163
8164
8165
8166
8167
8168
8169
8170
8171
8172
8173
8174
8175
8176
8177
8178
8179
8180
8181
8182
8183
8184
8185
8186
8187
8188
8189
8190
8191
8192
8193
8194
8195
8196
8197
8198
8199
8200
8201
8202
8203
8204
8205
8206
8207
8208
8209
8210
8211
8212
8213
8214
8215
8216
8217
8218
8219
8220
8221
8222
8223
8224
8225
8226
8227
8228
8229
8230
8231
8232
8233
8234
8235
8236
8237
8238
8239
8240
8241
8242
8243
8244
8245
8246
8247
8248
8249
8250
8251
8252
8253
8254
8255
8256
8257
8258
8259
8260
8261
8262
8263
8264
8265
8266
8267
8268
8269
8270
8271
8272
8273
8274
8275
8276
8277
8278
8279
8280
8281
8282
8283
8284
8285
8286
8287
8288
8289
8290
8291
8292
8293
8294
8295
8296
8297
8298
8299
8300
8301
8302
8303
8304
8305
8306
8307
8308
8309
8310
8311
8312
8313
8314
8315
8316
8317
8318
8319
8320
8321
8322
8323
8324
8325
8326
8327
8328
8329
8330
8331
8332
8333
8334
8335
8336
8337
8338
8339
8340
8341
8342
8343
8344
8345
8346
8347
8348
8349
8350
8351
8352
8353
8354
8355
8356
8357
8358
8359
8360
8361
8362
8363
8364
8365
8366
8367
8368
8369
8370
8371
8372
8373
8374
8375
8376
8377
8378
8379
8380
8381
8382
8383
8384
8385
8386
8387
8388
8389
8390
8391
8392
8393
8394
8395
8396
8397
8398
8399
8400
8401
8402
8403
8404
8405
8406
8407
8408
8409
8410
8411
8412
8413
8414
8415
8416
8417
8418
8419
8420
8421
8422
8423
8424
8425
8426
8427
8428
8429
8430
8431
8432
8433
8434
8435
8436
8437
8438
8439
8440
8441
8442
8443
8444
8445
8446
8447
8448
8449
8450
8451
8452
8453
8454
8455
8456
8457
8458
8459
8460
8461
8462
8463
8464
8465
8466
8467
8468
8469
8470
8471
8472
8473
8474
8475
8476
8477
8478
8479
8480
8481
8482
8483
8484
8485
8486
8487
8488
8489
8490
8491
8492
8493
8494
8495
8496
8497
8498
8499
8500
8501
8502
8503
8504
8505
8506
8507
8508
8509
8510
8511
8512
8513
8514
8515
8516
8517
8518
8519
8520
8521
8522
8523
8524
8525
8526
8527
8528
8529
8530
8531
8532
8533
8534
8535
8536
8537
8538
8539
8540
8541
8542
8543
8544
8545
8546
8547
8548
8549
8550
8551
8552
8553
8554
8555
8556
8557
8558
8559
8560
8561
8562
8563
8564
8565
8566
8567
8568
8569
8570
8571
8572
8573
8574
8575
8576
8577
8578
8579
8580
8581
8582
8583
8584
8585
8586
8587
8588
8589
8590
8591
8592
8593
8594
8595
8596
8597
8598
8599
8600
8601
8602
8603
8604
8605
8606
8607
8608
8609
8610
8611
8612
8613
8614
8615
8616
8617
8618
8619
8620
8621
8622
8623
8624
8625
8626
8627
8628
8629
8630
8631
8632
8633
8634
8635
8636
8637
8638
8639
8640
8641
8642
8643
8644
8645
8646
8647
8648
8649
8650
8651
8652
8653
8654
8655
8656
8657
8658
8659
8660
8661
8662
8663
8664
8665
8666
8667
8668
8669
8670
8671
8672
8673
8674
8675
8676
8677
8678
8679
8680
8681
8682
8683
8684
8685
8686
8687
8688
8689
8690
8691
8692
8693
8694
8695
8696
8697
8698
8699
8700
8701
8702
8703
8704
8705
8706
8707
8708
8709
8710
8711
8712
8713
8714
8715
8716
8717
8718
8719
8720
8721
8722
8723
8724
8725
8726
8727
8728
8729
8730
8731
8732
8733
8734
8735
8736
8737
8738
8739
8740
8741
8742
8743
8744
8745
8746
8747
8748
8749
8750
8751
8752
8753
8754
8755
8756
8757
8758
8759
8760
8761
8762
8763
8764
8765
8766
8767
8768
8769
8770
8771
8772
8773
8774
8775
8776
8777
8778
8779
8780
8781
8782
8783
8784
8785
8786
8787
8788
8789
8790
8791
8792
8793
8794
8795
8796
8797
8798
8799
8800
8801
8802
8803
8804
8805
8806
8807
8808
8809
8810
8811
8812
8813
8814
8815
8816
8817
8818
8819
8820
8821
8822
8823
8824
8825
8826
8827
8828
8829
8830
8831
8832
8833
8834
8835
8836
8837
8838
8839
8840
8841
8842
8843
8844
8845
8846
8847
8848
8849
8850
8851
8852
8853
8854
8855
8856
8857
8858
8859
8860
8861
8862
8863
8864
8865
8866
8867
8868
8869
8870
8871
8872
8873
8874
8875
8876
8877
8878
8879
8880
8881
8882
8883
8884
8885
8886
8887
8888
8889
8890
8891
8892
8893
8894
8895
8896
8897
8898
8899
8900
8901
8902
8903
8904
8905
8906
8907
8908
8909
8910
8911
8912
8913
8914
8915
8916
8917
8918
8919
8920
8921
8922
8923
8924
8925
8926
8927
8928
8929
8930
8931
8932
8933
8934
8935
8936
8937
8938
8939
8940
8941
8942
8943
8944
8945
8946
8947
8948
8949
8950
8951
8952
8953
8954
8955
8956
8957
8958
8959
8960
8961
8962
8963
8964
8965
8966
8967
8968
8969
8970
8971
8972
8973
8974
8975
8976
8977
8978
8979
8980
8981
8982
8983
8984
8985
8986
8987
8988
8989
8990
8991
8992
8993
8994
8995
8996
8997
8998
8999
9000
9001
9002
9003
9004
9005
9006
9007
9008
9009
9010
9011
9012
9013
9014
9015
9016
9017
9018
9019
9020
9021
9022
9023
9024
9025
9026
9027
9028
9029
9030
9031
9032
9033
9034
9035
9036
9037
9038
9039
9040
9041
9042
9043
9044
9045
9046
9047
9048
9049
9050
9051
9052
9053
9054
9055
9056
9057
9058
9059
9060
9061
9062
9063
9064
9065
9066
9067
9068
9069
9070
9071
9072
9073
9074
9075
9076
9077
9078
9079
9080
9081
9082
9083
9084
9085
9086
9087
9088
9089
9090
9091
9092
9093
9094
9095
9096
9097
9098
9099
9100
9101
9102
9103
9104
9105
9106
9107
9108
9109
9110
9111
9112
9113
9114
9115
9116
9117
9118
9119
9120
9121
9122
9123
9124
9125
9126
9127
9128
9129
9130
9131
9132
9133
9134
9135
9136
9137
9138
9139
9140
9141
9142
9143
9144
9145
9146
9147
9148
9149
9150
9151
9152
9153
9154
9155
9156
9157
9158
9159
9160
9161
9162
9163
9164
9165
9166
9167
9168
9169
9170
9171
9172
9173
9174
9175
9176
9177
9178
9179
9180
9181
9182
9183
9184
9185
9186
9187
9188
9189
9190
9191
9192
9193
9194
9195
9196
9197
9198
9199
9200
9201
9202
9203
9204
9205
9206
9207
9208
9209
9210
9211
9212
9213
9214
9215
9216
9217
9218
9219
9220
9221
9222
9223
9224
9225
9226
9227
9228
9229
9230
9231
9232
9233
9234
9235
9236
9237
9238
9239
9240
9241
9242
9243
9244
9245
9246
9247
9248
9249
9250
9251
9252
9253
9254
9255
9256
9257
9258
9259
9260
9261
9262
9263
9264
9265
9266
9267
9268
9269
9270
9271
9272
9273
9274
9275
9276
9277
9278
9279
9280
9281
9282
9283
9284
9285
9286
9287
9288
9289
9290
9291
9292
9293
9294
9295
9296
9297
9298
9299
9300
9301
9302
9303
9304
9305
9306
9307
9308
9309
9310
9311
9312
9313
9314
9315
9316
9317
9318
9319
9320
9321
9322
9323
9324
9325
9326
9327
9328
9329
9330
9331
9332
9333
9334
9335
9336
9337
9338
9339
9340
9341
9342
9343
9344
9345
9346
9347
9348
9349
9350
9351
9352
9353
9354
9355
9356
9357
9358
9359
9360
9361
9362
9363
9364
9365
9366
9367
9368
9369
9370
9371
9372
9373
9374
9375
9376
9377
9378
9379
9380
9381
9382
9383
9384
9385
9386
9387
9388
9389
9390
9391
9392
9393
9394
9395
9396
9397
9398
9399
9400
9401
9402
9403
9404
9405
9406
9407
9408
9409
9410
9411
9412
9413
9414
9415
9416
9417
9418
9419
9420
9421
9422
9423
9424
9425
9426
9427
9428
9429
9430
9431
9432
9433
9434
9435
9436
9437
9438
9439
9440
9441
9442
9443
9444
9445
9446
9447
9448
9449
9450
9451
9452
9453
9454
9455
9456
9457
9458
9459
9460
9461
9462
9463
9464
9465
9466
9467
9468
9469
9470
9471
9472
9473
9474
9475
9476
9477
9478
9479
9480
9481
9482
9483
9484
9485
9486
9487
9488
9489
9490
9491
9492
9493
9494
9495
9496
9497
9498
9499
9500
9501
9502
9503
9504
9505
9506
9507
9508
9509
9510
9511
9512
9513
9514
9515
9516
9517
9518
9519
9520
9521
9522
9523
9524
9525
9526
9527
9528
9529
9530
9531
9532
9533
9534
9535
9536
9537
9538
9539
9540
9541
9542
9543
9544
9545
9546
9547
9548
9549
9550
9551
9552
9553
9554
9555
9556
9557
9558
9559
9560
9561
9562
9563
9564
9565
9566
9567
9568
9569
9570
9571
9572
9573
9574
9575
9576
9577
9578
9579
9580
9581
9582
9583
9584
9585
9586
9587
9588
9589
9590
9591
9592
9593
9594
9595
9596
9597
9598
9599
9600
9601
9602
9603
9604
9605
9606
9607
9608
9609
9610
9611
9612
9613
9614
9615
9616
9617
9618
9619
9620
9621
9622
9623
9624
9625
9626
9627
9628
9629
9630
9631
9632
9633
9634
9635
9636
9637
9638
9639
9640
9641
9642
9643
9644
9645
9646
9647
9648
9649
9650
9651
9652
9653
9654
9655
9656
9657
9658
9659
9660
9661
9662
9663
9664
9665
9666
9667
9668
9669
9670
9671
9672
9673
9674
9675
9676
9677
9678
9679
9680
9681
9682
9683
9684
9685
9686
9687
9688
9689
9690
9691
9692
9693
9694
9695
9696
9697
9698
9699
9700
9701
9702
9703
9704
9705
9706
9707
9708
9709
9710
9711
9712
9713
9714
9715
9716
9717
9718
9719
9720
9721
9722
9723
9724
9725
9726
9727
9728
9729
9730
9731
9732
9733
9734
9735
9736
9737
9738
9739
9740
9741
9742
9743
9744
9745
9746
9747
9748
9749
9750
9751
9752
9753
9754
9755
9756
9757
9758
9759
9760
9761
9762
9763
9764
9765
9766
9767
9768
9769
9770
9771
9772
9773
9774
9775
9776
9777
9778
9779
9780
9781
9782
9783
9784
9785
9786
9787
9788
9789
9790
9791
9792
9793
9794
9795
9796
9797
9798
9799
9800
9801
9802
9803
9804
9805
9806
9807
9808
9809
9810
9811
9812
9813
9814
9815
9816
9817
9818
9819
9820
9821
9822
9823
9824
9825
9826
9827
9828
9829
9830
9831
9832
9833
9834
9835
9836
9837
9838
9839
9840
9841
9842
9843
9844
9845
9846
9847
9848
9849
9850
9851
9852
9853
9854
9855
9856
9857
9858
9859
9860
9861
9862
9863
9864
9865
9866
9867
9868
9869
9870
9871
9872
9873
9874
9875
9876
9877
9878
9879
9880
9881
9882
9883
9884
9885
9886
9887
9888
9889
9890
9891
9892
9893
9894
9895
9896
9897
9898
9899
9900
9901
9902
9903
9904
9905
9906
9907
9908
9909
9910
9911
9912
9913
9914
9915
9916
9917
9918
9919
9920
9921
9922
9923
9924
9925
9926
9927
9928
9929
9930
9931
9932
9933
9934
9935
9936
9937
9938
9939
9940
9941
9942
9943
9944
9945
9946
9947
9948
9949
9950
9951
9952
9953
9954
9955
9956
9957
9958
9959
9960
9961
9962
9963
9964
9965
9966
9967
9968
9969
9970
9971
9972
9973
9974
9975
9976
9977
9978
9979
9980
9981
9982
9983
9984
9985
9986
9987
9988
9989
9990
9991
9992
9993
9994
9995
9996
9997
9998
9999
10000
10001
10002
10003
10004
10005
10006
10007
10008
10009
10010
10011
10012
10013
10014
10015
10016
10017
10018
10019
10020
10021
10022
10023
10024
10025
10026
10027
10028
10029
10030
10031
10032
10033
10034
10035
10036
10037
10038
10039
10040
10041
10042
10043
10044
10045
10046
10047
10048
10049
10050
10051
10052
10053
10054
10055
10056
10057
10058
10059
10060
10061
10062
10063
10064
10065
10066
10067
10068
10069
10070
10071
10072
10073
10074
10075
10076
10077
10078
10079
10080
10081
10082
10083
10084
10085
10086
10087
10088
10089
10090
10091
10092
10093
10094
10095
10096
10097
10098
10099
10100
10101
10102
10103
10104
10105
10106
10107
10108
10109
10110
10111
10112
10113
10114
10115
10116
10117
10118
10119
10120
10121
10122
10123
10124
10125
10126
10127
10128
10129
10130
10131
10132
10133
10134
10135
10136
10137
10138
10139
10140
10141
10142
10143
10144
10145
10146
10147
10148
10149
10150
10151
10152
10153
10154
10155
10156
10157
10158
10159
10160
10161
10162
10163
10164
10165
10166
10167
10168
10169
10170
10171
10172
10173
10174
10175
10176
10177
10178
10179
10180
10181
10182
10183
10184
10185
10186
10187
10188
10189
10190
10191
10192
10193
10194
10195
10196
10197
10198
10199
10200
10201
10202
10203
10204
10205
10206
10207
10208
10209
10210
10211
10212
10213
10214
10215
10216
10217
10218
10219
10220
10221
10222
10223
10224
10225
10226
10227
10228
10229
10230
10231
10232
10233
10234
10235
10236
10237
10238
10239
10240
10241
10242
10243
10244
10245
10246
10247
10248
10249
10250
10251
10252
10253
10254
10255
10256
10257
10258
10259
10260
10261
10262
10263
10264
10265
10266
10267
10268
10269
10270
10271
10272
10273
10274
10275
10276
10277
10278
10279
10280
10281
10282
10283
10284
10285
10286
10287
10288
10289
10290
10291
10292
10293
10294
10295
10296
10297
10298
10299
10300
10301
10302
10303
10304
10305
10306
10307
10308
10309
10310
10311
10312
10313
10314
10315
10316
10317
10318
10319
10320
10321
10322
10323
10324
10325
10326
10327
10328
10329
10330
10331
10332
10333
10334
10335
10336
10337
10338
10339
10340
10341
10342
10343
10344
10345
10346
10347
10348
10349
10350
10351
10352
10353
10354
10355
10356
10357
10358
10359
10360
10361
10362
10363
10364
10365
10366
10367
10368
10369
10370
10371
10372
10373
10374
10375
10376
10377
10378
10379
10380
10381
10382
10383
10384
10385
10386
10387
10388
10389
10390
10391
10392
10393
10394
10395
10396
10397
10398
10399
10400
10401
10402
10403
10404
10405
10406
10407
10408
10409
10410
10411
10412
10413
10414
10415
10416
10417
10418
10419
10420
10421
10422
10423
10424
10425
10426
10427
10428
10429
10430
10431
10432
10433
10434
10435
10436
10437
10438
10439
10440
10441
10442
10443
10444
10445
10446
10447
10448
10449
10450
10451
10452
10453
10454
10455
10456
10457
10458
10459
10460
10461
10462
10463
10464
10465
10466
10467
10468
10469
10470
10471
10472
10473
10474
10475
10476
10477
10478
10479
10480
10481
10482
10483
10484
10485
10486
10487
10488
10489
10490
10491
10492
10493
10494
10495
10496
10497
10498
10499
10500
10501
10502
10503
10504
10505
10506
10507
10508
10509
10510
10511
10512
10513
10514
10515
10516
10517
10518
10519
10520
10521
10522
10523
10524
10525
10526
10527
10528
10529
10530
10531
10532
10533
10534
10535
10536
10537
10538
10539
10540
10541
10542
10543
10544
10545
10546
10547
10548
10549
10550
10551
10552
10553
10554
10555
10556
10557
10558
10559
10560
10561
10562
10563
10564
10565
10566
10567
10568
10569
10570
10571
10572
10573
10574
10575
10576
10577
10578
10579
10580
10581
10582
10583
10584
10585
10586
10587
10588
10589
10590
10591
10592
10593
10594
10595
10596
10597
10598
10599
10600
10601
10602
10603
10604
10605
10606
10607
10608
10609
10610
10611
10612
10613
10614
10615
10616
10617
10618
10619
10620
10621
10622
10623
10624
10625
10626
10627
10628
10629
10630
10631
10632
10633
10634
10635
10636
10637
10638
10639
10640
10641
10642
10643
10644
10645
10646
10647
10648
10649
10650
10651
10652
10653
10654
10655
10656
10657
10658
10659
10660
10661
10662
10663
10664
10665
10666
10667
10668
10669
10670
10671
10672
10673
10674
10675
10676
10677
10678
10679
10680
10681
10682
10683
10684
10685
10686
10687
10688
10689
10690
10691
10692
10693
10694
10695
10696
10697
10698
10699
10700
10701
10702
10703
10704
10705
10706
10707
10708
10709
10710
10711
10712
10713
10714
10715
10716
10717
10718
10719
10720
10721
10722
10723
10724
10725
10726
10727
10728
10729
10730
10731
10732
10733
10734
10735
10736
10737
10738
10739
10740
10741
10742
10743
10744
10745
10746
10747
10748
10749
10750
10751
10752
10753
10754
10755
10756
10757
10758
10759
10760
10761
10762
10763
10764
10765
10766
10767
10768
10769
10770
10771
10772
10773
10774
10775
10776
10777
10778
10779
10780
10781
10782
10783
10784
10785
10786
10787
10788
10789
10790
10791
10792
10793
10794
10795
10796
10797
10798
10799
10800
10801
10802
10803
10804
10805
10806
10807
10808
10809
10810
10811
10812
10813
10814
10815
10816
10817
10818
10819
10820
10821
10822
10823
10824
10825
10826
10827
10828
10829
10830
10831
10832
10833
10834
10835
10836
10837
10838
10839
10840
10841
10842
10843
10844
10845
10846
10847
10848
10849
10850
10851
10852
10853
10854
10855
10856
10857
10858
10859
10860
10861
10862
10863
10864
10865
10866
10867
10868
10869
10870
10871
10872
10873
10874
10875
10876
10877
10878
10879
10880
10881
10882
10883
10884
10885
10886
10887
10888
10889
10890
10891
10892
10893
10894
10895
10896
10897
10898
10899
10900
10901
10902
10903
10904
10905
10906
10907
10908
10909
10910
10911
10912
10913
10914
10915
10916
10917
10918
10919
10920
10921
10922
10923
10924
10925
10926
10927
10928
10929
10930
10931
10932
10933
10934
10935
10936
10937
10938
10939
10940
10941
10942
10943
10944
10945
10946
10947
10948
10949
10950
10951
10952
10953
10954
10955
10956
10957
10958
10959
10960
10961
10962
10963
10964
10965
10966
10967
10968
10969
10970
10971
10972
10973
10974
10975
10976
10977
10978
10979
10980
10981
10982
10983
10984
10985
10986
10987
10988
10989
10990
10991
10992
10993
10994
10995
10996
10997
10998
10999
11000
11001
11002
11003
11004
11005
11006
11007
11008
11009
11010
11011
11012
11013
11014
11015
11016
11017
11018
11019
11020
11021
11022
11023
11024
11025
11026
11027
11028
11029
11030
11031
11032
11033
11034
11035
11036
11037
11038
11039
11040
11041
11042
11043
11044
11045
11046
11047
11048
11049
11050
11051
11052
11053
11054
11055
11056
11057
11058
11059
11060
11061
11062
11063
11064
11065
11066
11067
11068
11069
11070
11071
11072
11073
11074
11075
11076
11077
11078
11079
11080
11081
11082
11083
11084
11085
11086
11087
11088
11089
11090
11091
11092
11093
11094
11095
11096
11097
11098
11099
11100
11101
11102
11103
11104
11105
11106
11107
11108
11109
11110
11111
11112
11113
11114
11115
11116
11117
11118
11119
11120
11121
11122
11123
11124
11125
11126
11127
11128
11129
11130
11131
11132
11133
11134
11135
11136
11137
11138
11139
11140
11141
11142
11143
11144
11145
11146
11147
11148
11149
11150
11151
11152
11153
11154
11155
11156
11157
11158
11159
11160
11161
11162
11163
11164
11165
11166
11167
11168
11169
11170
11171
11172
11173
11174
11175
11176
11177
11178
11179
11180
11181
11182
11183
11184
11185
11186
11187
11188
11189
11190
11191
11192
11193
11194
11195
11196
11197
11198
11199
11200
11201
11202
11203
11204
11205
11206
11207
11208
11209
11210
11211
11212
11213
11214
11215
11216
11217
11218
11219
11220
11221
11222
11223
11224
11225
11226
11227
11228
11229
11230
11231
11232
11233
11234
11235
11236
11237
11238
11239
11240
11241
11242
11243
11244
11245
11246
11247
11248
11249
11250
11251
11252
11253
11254
11255
11256
11257
11258
11259
11260
11261
11262
11263
11264
11265
11266
11267
11268
11269
11270
11271
11272
11273
11274
11275
11276
11277
11278
11279
11280
11281
11282
11283
11284
11285
11286
11287
11288
11289
11290
11291
11292
11293
11294
11295
11296
11297
11298
11299
11300
11301
11302
11303
11304
11305
11306
11307
11308
11309
11310
11311
11312
11313
11314
11315
11316
11317
11318
11319
11320
11321
11322
11323
11324
11325
11326
11327
11328
11329
11330
11331
11332
11333
11334
11335
11336
11337
11338
11339
11340
11341
11342
11343
11344
11345
11346
11347
11348
11349
11350
11351
11352
11353
11354
11355
11356
11357
11358
11359
11360
11361
11362
11363
11364
11365
11366
11367
11368
11369
11370
11371
11372
11373
11374
11375
11376
11377
11378
11379
11380
11381
11382
11383
11384
11385
11386
11387
11388
11389
11390
11391
11392
11393
11394
11395
11396
11397
11398
11399
11400
11401
11402
11403
11404
11405
11406
11407
11408
11409
11410
11411
11412
11413
11414
11415
11416
11417
11418
11419
11420
11421
11422
11423
11424
11425
11426
11427
11428
11429
11430
11431
11432
11433
11434
11435
11436
11437
11438
11439
11440
11441
11442
11443
11444
11445
11446
11447
11448
11449
11450
11451
11452
11453
11454
11455
11456
11457
11458
11459
11460
11461
11462
11463
11464
11465
11466
11467
11468
11469
11470
11471
11472
11473
11474
11475
11476
11477
11478
11479
11480
11481
11482
11483
11484
11485
11486
11487
11488
11489
11490
11491
11492
11493
11494
11495
11496
11497
11498
11499
11500
11501
11502
11503
11504
11505
11506
11507
11508
11509
11510
11511
11512
11513
11514
11515
11516
11517
11518
11519
11520
11521
11522
11523
11524
11525
11526
11527
11528
11529
11530
11531
11532
11533
11534
11535
11536
11537
11538
11539
11540
11541
11542
11543
11544
11545
11546
11547
11548
11549
11550
11551
11552
11553
11554
11555
11556
11557
11558
11559
11560
11561
11562
11563
11564
11565
11566
11567
11568
11569
11570
11571
11572
11573
11574
11575
11576
11577
11578
11579
11580
11581
11582
11583
11584
11585
11586
11587
11588
11589
11590
11591
11592
11593
11594
11595
11596
11597
11598
11599
11600
11601
11602
11603
11604
11605
11606
11607
11608
11609
11610
11611
11612
11613
11614
11615
11616
11617
11618
11619
11620
11621
11622
11623
11624
11625
11626
11627
11628
11629
11630
11631
11632
11633
11634
11635
11636
11637
11638
11639
11640
11641
11642
11643
11644
11645
11646
11647
11648
11649
11650
11651
11652
11653
11654
11655
11656
11657
11658
11659
11660
11661
11662
11663
11664
11665
11666
11667
11668
11669
11670
11671
11672
11673
11674
11675
11676
11677
11678
11679
11680
11681
11682
11683
11684
11685
11686
11687
11688
11689
11690
11691
11692
11693
11694
11695
11696
11697
11698
11699
11700
11701
11702
11703
11704
11705
11706
11707
11708
11709
11710
11711
11712
11713
11714
11715
11716
11717
11718
11719
11720
11721
11722
11723
11724
11725
11726
11727
11728
11729
11730
11731
11732
11733
11734
11735
11736
11737
11738
11739
11740
11741
11742
11743
11744
11745
11746
11747
11748
11749
11750
11751
11752
11753
11754
11755
11756
11757
11758
11759
11760
11761
11762
11763
11764
11765
11766
11767
11768
11769
11770
11771
11772
11773
11774
11775
11776
11777
11778
11779
11780
11781
11782
11783
11784
11785
11786
11787
11788
11789
11790
11791
11792
11793
11794
11795
11796
11797
11798
11799
11800
11801
11802
11803
11804
11805
11806
11807
11808
11809
11810
11811
11812
11813
11814
11815
11816
11817
11818
11819
11820
11821
11822
11823
11824
11825
11826
11827
11828
11829
11830
11831
11832
11833
11834
11835
11836
11837
11838
11839
11840
11841
11842
11843
11844
11845
11846
11847
11848
11849
11850
11851
11852
11853
11854
11855
11856
11857
11858
11859
11860
11861
11862
11863
11864
11865
11866
11867
11868
11869
11870
11871
11872
11873
11874
11875
11876
11877
11878
11879
11880
11881
11882
11883
11884
11885
11886
11887
11888
11889
11890
11891
11892
11893
11894
11895
11896
11897
11898
11899
11900
11901
11902
11903
11904
11905
11906
11907
11908
11909
11910
11911
11912
11913
11914
11915
11916
11917
11918
11919
11920
11921
11922
11923
11924
11925
11926
11927
11928
11929
11930
11931
11932
11933
11934
11935
11936
11937
11938
11939
11940
11941
11942
11943
11944
11945
11946
11947
11948
11949
11950
11951
11952
11953
11954
11955
11956
11957
11958
11959
11960
11961
11962
11963
11964
11965
11966
11967
11968
11969
11970
11971
11972
11973
11974
11975
11976
11977
11978
11979
11980
11981
11982
11983
11984
11985
11986
11987
11988
11989
11990
11991
11992
11993
11994
11995
11996
11997
11998
11999
12000
12001
12002
12003
12004
12005
12006
12007
12008
12009
12010
12011
12012
12013
12014
12015
12016
12017
12018
12019
12020
12021
12022
12023
12024
12025
12026
12027
12028
12029
12030
12031
12032
12033
12034
12035
12036
12037
12038
12039
12040
12041
12042
12043
12044
12045
12046
12047
12048
12049
12050
12051
12052
12053
12054
12055
12056
12057
12058
12059
12060
12061
12062
12063
12064
12065
12066
12067
12068
12069
12070
12071
12072
12073
12074
12075
12076
12077
12078
12079
12080
12081
12082
12083
12084
12085
12086
12087
12088
12089
12090
12091
12092
12093
12094
12095
12096
12097
12098
12099
12100
12101
12102
12103
12104
12105
12106
12107
12108
12109
12110
12111
12112
12113
12114
12115
12116
12117
12118
12119
12120
12121
12122
12123
12124
12125
12126
12127
12128
12129
12130
12131
12132
12133
12134
12135
12136
12137
12138
12139
12140
12141
12142
12143
12144
12145
12146
12147
12148
12149
12150
12151
12152
12153
12154
12155
12156
12157
12158
12159
12160
12161
12162
12163
12164
12165
12166
12167
12168
12169
12170
12171
12172
12173
12174
12175
12176
12177
12178
12179
12180
12181
12182
12183
12184
12185
12186
12187
12188
12189
12190
12191
12192
12193
12194
12195
12196
12197
12198
12199
12200
12201
12202
12203
12204
12205
12206
12207
12208
12209
12210
12211
12212
12213
12214
12215
12216
12217
12218
12219
12220
12221
12222
12223
12224
12225
12226
12227
12228
12229
12230
12231
12232
12233
12234
12235
12236
12237
12238
12239
12240
12241
12242
12243
12244
12245
12246
12247
12248
12249
12250
12251
12252
12253
12254
12255
12256
12257
12258
12259
12260
12261
12262
12263
12264
12265
12266
12267
12268
12269
12270
12271
12272
12273
12274
12275
12276
12277
12278
12279
12280
12281
12282
12283
12284
12285
12286
12287
12288
12289
12290
12291
12292
12293
12294
12295
12296
12297
12298
12299
12300
12301
12302
12303
12304
12305
12306
12307
12308
12309
12310
12311
12312
12313
12314
12315
12316
12317
12318
12319
12320
12321
12322
12323
12324
12325
12326
12327
12328
12329
12330
12331
12332
12333
12334
12335
12336
12337
12338
12339
12340
12341
12342
12343
12344
12345
12346
12347
12348
12349
12350
12351
12352
12353
12354
12355
12356
12357
12358
12359
12360
12361
12362
12363
12364
12365
12366
12367
12368
12369
12370
12371
12372
12373
12374
12375
12376
12377
12378
12379
12380
12381
12382
12383
12384
12385
12386
12387
12388
12389
12390
12391
12392
12393
12394
12395
12396
12397
12398
12399
12400
12401
12402
12403
12404
12405
12406
12407
12408
12409
12410
12411
12412
12413
12414
12415
12416
12417
12418
12419
12420
12421
12422
12423
12424
12425
12426
12427
12428
12429
12430
12431
12432
12433
12434
12435
12436
12437
12438
12439
12440
12441
12442
12443
12444
12445
12446
12447
12448
12449
12450
12451
12452
12453
12454
12455
12456
12457
12458
12459
12460
12461
12462
12463
12464
12465
12466
12467
12468
12469
12470
12471
12472
12473
12474
12475
12476
12477
12478
12479
12480
12481
12482
12483
12484
12485
12486
12487
12488
12489
12490
12491
12492
12493
12494
12495
12496
12497
12498
12499
12500
12501
12502
12503
12504
12505
12506
12507
12508
12509
12510
12511
12512
12513
12514
12515
12516
12517
12518
12519
12520
12521
12522
12523
12524
12525
12526
12527
12528
12529
12530
12531
12532
12533
12534
12535
12536
12537
12538
12539
12540
12541
12542
12543
12544
12545
12546
12547
12548
12549
12550
12551
12552
12553
12554
12555
12556
12557
12558
12559
12560
12561
12562
12563
12564
12565
12566
12567
12568
12569
12570
12571
12572
12573
12574
12575
12576
12577
12578
12579
12580
12581
12582
12583
12584
12585
12586
12587
12588
12589
12590
12591
12592
12593
12594
12595
12596
12597
12598
12599
12600
12601
12602
12603
12604
12605
12606
12607
12608
12609
12610
12611
12612
12613
12614
12615
12616
12617
12618
12619
12620
12621
12622
12623
12624
12625
12626
12627
12628
12629
12630
12631
12632
12633
12634
12635
12636
12637
12638
12639
12640
12641
12642
12643
12644
12645
12646
12647
12648
12649
12650
12651
12652
12653
12654
12655
12656
12657
12658
12659
12660
12661
12662
12663
12664
12665
12666
12667
12668
12669
12670
12671
12672
12673
12674
12675
12676
12677
12678
12679
12680
12681
12682
12683
12684
12685
12686
12687
12688
12689
12690
12691
12692
12693
12694
12695
12696
12697
12698
12699
12700
12701
12702
12703
12704
12705
12706
12707
12708
12709
12710
12711
12712
12713
12714
12715
12716
12717
12718
12719
12720
12721
12722
12723
12724
12725
12726
12727
12728
12729
12730
12731
12732
12733
12734
12735
12736
12737
12738
12739
12740
12741
12742
12743
12744
12745
12746
12747
12748
12749
12750
12751
12752
12753
12754
12755
12756
12757
12758
12759
12760
12761
12762
12763
12764
12765
12766
12767
12768
12769
12770
12771
12772
12773
12774
12775
12776
12777
12778
12779
12780
12781
12782
12783
12784
12785
12786
12787
12788
12789
12790
12791
12792
12793
12794
12795
12796
12797
12798
12799
12800
12801
12802
12803
12804
12805
12806
12807
12808
12809
12810
12811
12812
12813
12814
12815
12816
12817
12818
12819
12820
12821
12822
12823
12824
12825
12826
12827
12828
12829
12830
12831
12832
12833
12834
12835
12836
12837
12838
12839
12840
12841
12842
12843
12844
12845
12846
12847
12848
12849
12850
12851
12852
12853
12854
12855
12856
12857
12858
12859
12860
12861
12862
12863
12864
12865
12866
12867
12868
12869
12870
12871
12872
12873
12874
12875
12876
12877
12878
12879
12880
12881
12882
12883
12884
12885
12886
12887
12888
12889
12890
12891
12892
12893
12894
12895
12896
12897
12898
12899
12900
12901
12902
12903
12904
12905
12906
12907
12908
12909
12910
12911
12912
12913
12914
12915
12916
12917
12918
12919
12920
12921
12922
12923
12924
12925
12926
12927
12928
12929
12930
12931
12932
12933
12934
12935
12936
12937
12938
12939
12940
12941
12942
12943
12944
12945
12946
12947
12948
12949
12950
12951
12952
12953
12954
12955
12956
12957
12958
12959
12960
12961
12962
12963
12964
12965
12966
12967
12968
12969
12970
12971
12972
12973
12974
12975
12976
12977
12978
12979
12980
12981
12982
12983
12984
12985
12986
12987
12988
12989
12990
12991
12992
12993
12994
12995
12996
12997
12998
12999
13000
13001
13002
13003
13004
13005
13006
13007
13008
13009
13010
13011
13012
13013
13014
13015
13016
13017
13018
13019
13020
13021
13022
13023
13024
13025
13026
13027
13028
13029
13030
13031
13032
13033
13034
13035
13036
13037
13038
13039
13040
13041
13042
13043
13044
13045
13046
13047
13048
13049
13050
13051
13052
13053
13054
13055
13056
13057
13058
13059
13060
13061
13062
13063
13064
13065
13066
13067
13068
13069
13070
13071
13072
13073
13074
13075
13076
13077
13078
13079
13080
13081
13082
13083
13084
13085
13086
13087
13088
13089
13090
13091
13092
13093
13094
13095
13096
13097
13098
13099
13100
13101
13102
13103
13104
13105
13106
13107
13108
13109
13110
13111
13112
13113
13114
13115
13116
13117
13118
13119
13120
13121
13122
13123
13124
13125
13126
13127
13128
13129
13130
13131
13132
13133
13134
13135
13136
13137
13138
13139
13140
13141
13142
13143
13144
13145
13146
13147
13148
13149
13150
13151
13152
13153
13154
13155
13156
13157
13158
13159
13160
13161
13162
13163
13164
13165
13166
13167
13168
13169
13170
13171
13172
13173
13174
13175
13176
13177
13178
13179
13180
13181
13182
13183
13184
13185
13186
13187
13188
13189
13190
13191
13192
13193
13194
13195
13196
13197
13198
13199
13200
13201
13202
13203
13204
13205
13206
13207
13208
13209
13210
13211
13212
13213
13214
13215
13216
13217
13218
13219
13220
13221
13222
13223
13224
13225
13226
13227
13228
13229
13230
13231
13232
13233
13234
13235
13236
13237
13238
13239
13240
13241
13242
13243
13244
13245
13246
13247
13248
13249
13250
13251
13252
13253
13254
13255
13256
13257
13258
13259
13260
13261
13262
13263
13264
13265
13266
13267
13268
13269
13270
13271
13272
13273
13274
13275
13276
13277
13278
13279
13280
13281
13282
13283
13284
13285
13286
13287
13288
13289
13290
13291
13292
13293
13294
13295
13296
13297
13298
13299
13300
13301
13302
13303
13304
13305
13306
13307
13308
13309
13310
13311
13312
13313
13314
13315
13316
13317
13318
13319
13320
13321
13322
13323
13324
13325
13326
13327
13328
13329
13330
13331
13332
13333
13334
13335
13336
13337
13338
13339
13340
13341
13342
13343
13344
13345
13346
13347
13348
13349
13350
13351
13352
13353
13354
13355
13356
13357
13358
13359
13360
13361
13362
13363
13364
13365
13366
13367
13368
13369
13370
13371
13372
13373
13374
13375
13376
13377
13378
13379
13380
13381
13382
13383
13384
13385
13386
13387
13388
13389
13390
13391
13392
13393
13394
13395
13396
13397
13398
13399
13400
13401
13402
13403
13404
13405
13406
13407
13408
13409
13410
13411
13412
13413
13414
13415
13416
13417
13418
13419
13420
13421
13422
13423
13424
13425
13426
13427
13428
13429
13430
13431
13432
13433
13434
13435
13436
13437
13438
13439
13440
13441
13442
13443
13444
13445
13446
13447
13448
13449
13450
13451
13452
13453
13454
13455
13456
13457
13458
13459
13460
13461
13462
13463
13464
13465
13466
13467
13468
13469
13470
13471
13472
13473
13474
13475
13476
13477
13478
13479
13480
13481
13482
13483
13484
13485
13486
13487
13488
13489
13490
13491
13492
13493
13494
13495
13496
13497
13498
13499
13500
13501
13502
13503
13504
13505
13506
13507
13508
13509
13510
13511
13512
13513
13514
13515
13516
13517
13518
13519
13520
13521
13522
13523
13524
13525
13526
13527
13528
13529
13530
13531
13532
13533
13534
13535
13536
13537
13538
13539
13540
13541
13542
13543
13544
13545
13546
13547
13548
13549
13550
13551
13552
13553
13554
13555
13556
13557
13558
13559
13560
13561
13562
13563
13564
13565
13566
13567
13568
13569
13570
13571
13572
13573
13574
13575
13576
13577
13578
13579
13580
13581
13582
13583
13584
13585
13586
13587
13588
13589
13590
13591
13592
13593
13594
13595
13596
13597
13598
13599
13600
13601
13602
13603
13604
13605
13606
13607
13608
13609
13610
13611
13612
13613
13614
13615
13616
13617
13618
13619
13620
13621
13622
13623
13624
13625
13626
13627
13628
13629
13630
13631
13632
13633
13634
13635
13636
13637
13638
13639
13640
13641
13642
13643
13644
13645
13646
13647
13648
13649
13650
13651
13652
13653
13654
13655
13656
13657
13658
13659
13660
13661
13662
13663
13664
13665
13666
13667
13668
13669
13670
13671
13672
13673
13674
13675
13676
13677
13678
13679
13680
13681
13682
13683
13684
13685
13686
13687
13688
13689
13690
13691
13692
13693
13694
13695
13696
13697
13698
13699
13700
13701
13702
13703
13704
13705
13706
13707
13708
13709
13710
13711
13712
13713
13714
13715
13716
13717
13718
13719
13720
13721
13722
13723
13724
13725
13726
13727
13728
13729
13730
13731
13732
13733
13734
13735
13736
13737
13738
13739
13740
13741
13742
13743
13744
13745
13746
13747
13748
13749
13750
13751
13752
13753
13754
13755
13756
13757
13758
13759
13760
13761
13762
13763
13764
13765
13766
13767
13768
13769
13770
13771
13772
13773
13774
13775
13776
13777
13778
13779
13780
13781
13782
13783
13784
13785
13786
13787
13788
13789
13790
13791
13792
13793
13794
13795
13796
13797
13798
13799
13800
13801
13802
13803
13804
13805
13806
13807
13808
13809
13810
13811
13812
13813
13814
13815
13816
13817
13818
13819
13820
13821
13822
13823
13824
13825
13826
13827
13828
13829
13830
13831
13832
13833
13834
13835
13836
13837
13838
13839
13840
13841
13842
13843
13844
13845
13846
13847
13848
13849
13850
13851
13852
13853
13854
13855
13856
13857
13858
13859
13860
13861
13862
13863
13864
13865
13866
13867
13868
13869
13870
13871
13872
13873
13874
13875
13876
13877
13878
13879
13880
13881
13882
13883
13884
13885
13886
13887
13888
13889
13890
13891
13892
13893
13894
13895
13896
13897
13898
13899
13900
13901
13902
13903
13904
13905
13906
13907
13908
13909
13910
13911
13912
13913
13914
13915
13916
13917
13918
13919
13920
13921
13922
13923
13924
13925
13926
13927
13928
13929
13930
13931
13932
13933
13934
13935
13936
13937
13938
13939
13940
13941
13942
13943
13944
13945
13946
13947
13948
13949
13950
13951
13952
13953
13954
13955
13956
13957
13958
13959
13960
13961
13962
13963
13964
13965
13966
13967
13968
13969
13970
13971
13972
13973
13974
13975
13976
13977
13978
13979
13980
13981
13982
13983
13984
13985
13986
13987
13988
13989
13990
13991
13992
13993
13994
13995
13996
13997
13998
13999
14000
14001
14002
14003
14004
14005
14006
14007
14008
14009
14010
14011
14012
14013
14014
14015
14016
14017
14018
14019
14020
14021
14022
14023
14024
14025
14026
14027
14028
14029
14030
14031
14032
14033
14034
14035
14036
14037
14038
14039
14040
14041
14042
14043
14044
14045
14046
14047
14048
14049
14050
14051
14052
14053
14054
14055
14056
14057
14058
14059
14060
14061
14062
14063
14064
14065
14066
14067
14068
14069
14070
14071
14072
14073
14074
14075
14076
14077
14078
14079
14080
14081
14082
14083
14084
14085
14086
14087
14088
14089
14090
14091
14092
14093
14094
14095
14096
14097
14098
14099
14100
14101
14102
14103
14104
14105
14106
14107
14108
14109
14110
14111
14112
14113
14114
14115
14116
14117
14118
14119
14120
14121
14122
14123
14124
14125
14126
14127
14128
14129
14130
14131
14132
14133
14134
14135
14136
14137
14138
14139
14140
14141
14142
14143
14144
14145
14146
14147
14148
14149
14150
14151
14152
14153
14154
14155
14156
14157
14158
14159
14160
14161
14162
14163
14164
14165
14166
14167
14168
14169
14170
14171
14172
14173
14174
14175
14176
14177
14178
14179
14180
14181
14182
14183
14184
14185
14186
14187
14188
14189
14190
14191
14192
14193
14194
14195
14196
14197
14198
14199
14200
14201
14202
14203
14204
14205
14206
14207
14208
14209
14210
14211
14212
14213
14214
14215
14216
14217
14218
14219
14220
14221
14222
14223
14224
14225
14226
14227
14228
14229
14230
14231
14232
14233
14234
14235
14236
14237
14238
14239
14240
14241
14242
14243
14244
14245
14246
14247
14248
14249
14250
14251
14252
14253
14254
14255
14256
14257
14258
14259
14260
14261
14262
14263
14264
14265
14266
14267
14268
14269
14270
14271
14272
14273
14274
14275
14276
14277
14278
14279
14280
14281
14282
14283
14284
14285
14286
14287
14288
14289
14290
14291
14292
14293
14294
14295
14296
14297
14298
14299
14300
14301
14302
14303
14304
14305
14306
14307
14308
14309
14310
14311
14312
14313
14314
14315
14316
14317
14318
14319
14320
14321
14322
14323
14324
14325
14326
14327
14328
14329
14330
14331
14332
14333
14334
14335
14336
14337
14338
14339
14340
14341
14342
14343
14344
14345
14346
14347
14348
14349
14350
14351
14352
14353
14354
14355
14356
14357
14358
14359
14360
14361
14362
14363
14364
14365
14366
14367
14368
14369
14370
14371
14372
14373
14374
14375
14376
14377
14378
14379
14380
14381
14382
14383
14384
14385
14386
14387
14388
14389
14390
14391
14392
14393
14394
14395
14396
14397
14398
14399
14400
14401
14402
14403
14404
14405
14406
14407
14408
14409
14410
14411
14412
14413
14414
14415
14416
14417
14418
14419
14420
14421
14422
14423
14424
14425
14426
14427
14428
14429
14430
14431
14432
14433
14434
14435
14436
14437
14438
14439
14440
14441
14442
14443
14444
14445
14446
14447
14448
14449
14450
14451
14452
14453
14454
14455
14456
14457
14458
14459
14460
14461
14462
14463
14464
14465
14466
14467
14468
14469
14470
14471
14472
14473
14474
14475
14476
14477
14478
14479
14480
14481
14482
14483
14484
14485
14486
14487
14488
14489
14490
14491
14492
14493
14494
14495
14496
14497
14498
14499
14500
14501
14502
14503
14504
14505
14506
14507
14508
14509
14510
14511
14512
14513
14514
14515
14516
14517
14518
14519
14520
14521
14522
14523
14524
14525
14526
14527
14528
14529
14530
14531
14532
14533
14534
14535
14536
14537
14538
14539
14540
14541
14542
14543
14544
14545
14546
14547
14548
14549
14550
14551
14552
14553
14554
14555
14556
14557
14558
14559
14560
14561
14562
14563
14564
14565
14566
14567
14568
14569
14570
14571
14572
14573
14574
14575
14576
14577
14578
14579
14580
14581
14582
14583
14584
14585
14586
14587
14588
14589
14590
14591
14592
14593
14594
14595
14596
14597
14598
14599
14600
14601
14602
14603
14604
14605
14606
14607
14608
14609
14610
14611
14612
14613
14614
14615
14616
14617
14618
14619
14620
14621
14622
14623
14624
14625
14626
14627
14628
14629
14630
14631
14632
14633
14634
14635
14636
14637
14638
14639
14640
14641
14642
14643
14644
14645
14646
14647
14648
14649
14650
14651
14652
14653
14654
14655
14656
14657
14658
14659
14660
14661
14662
14663
14664
14665
14666
14667
14668
14669
14670
14671
14672
14673
14674
14675
14676
14677
14678
14679
14680
14681
14682
14683
14684
14685
14686
14687
14688
14689
14690
14691
14692
14693
14694
14695
14696
14697
14698
14699
14700
14701
14702
14703
14704
14705
14706
14707
14708
14709
14710
14711
14712
14713
14714
14715
14716
14717
14718
14719
14720
14721
14722
14723
14724
14725
14726
14727
14728
14729
14730
14731
14732
14733
14734
14735
14736
14737
14738
14739
14740
14741
14742
14743
14744
14745
14746
14747
14748
14749
14750
14751
14752
14753
14754
14755
14756
14757
14758
14759
14760
14761
14762
14763
14764
14765
14766
14767
14768
14769
14770
14771
14772
14773
14774
14775
14776
14777
14778
14779
14780
14781
14782
14783
14784
14785
14786
14787
14788
14789
14790
14791
14792
14793
14794
14795
14796
14797
14798
14799
14800
14801
14802
14803
14804
14805
14806
14807
14808
14809
14810
14811
14812
14813
14814
14815
14816
14817
14818
14819
14820
14821
14822
14823
14824
14825
14826
14827
14828
14829
14830
14831
14832
14833
14834
14835
14836
14837
14838
14839
14840
14841
14842
14843
14844
14845
14846
14847
14848
14849
14850
14851
14852
14853
14854
14855
14856
14857
14858
14859
14860
14861
14862
14863
14864
14865
14866
14867
14868
14869
14870
14871
14872
14873
14874
14875
14876
14877
14878
14879
14880
14881
14882
14883
14884
14885
14886
14887
14888
14889
14890
14891
14892
14893
14894
14895
14896
14897
14898
14899
14900
14901
14902
14903
14904
14905
14906
14907
14908
14909
14910
14911
14912
14913
14914
14915
14916
14917
14918
14919
14920
14921
14922
14923
14924
14925
14926
14927
14928
14929
14930
14931
14932
14933
14934
14935
14936
14937
14938
14939
14940
14941
14942
14943
14944
14945
14946
14947
14948
14949
14950
14951
14952
14953
14954
14955
14956
14957
14958
14959
14960
14961
14962
14963
14964
14965
14966
14967
14968
14969
14970
14971
14972
14973
14974
14975
14976
14977
14978
14979
14980
14981
14982
14983
14984
14985
14986
14987
14988
14989
14990
14991
14992
14993
14994
14995
14996
14997
14998
14999
15000
15001
15002
15003
15004
15005
15006
15007
15008
15009
15010
15011
15012
15013
15014
15015
15016
15017
15018
15019
15020
15021
15022
15023
15024
15025
15026
15027
15028
15029
15030
15031
15032
15033
15034
15035
15036
15037
15038
15039
15040
15041
15042
15043
15044
15045
15046
15047
15048
15049
15050
15051
15052
15053
15054
15055
15056
15057
15058
15059
15060
15061
15062
15063
15064
15065
15066
15067
15068
15069
15070
15071
15072
15073
15074
15075
15076
15077
15078
15079
15080
15081
15082
15083
15084
15085
15086
15087
15088
15089
15090
15091
15092
15093
15094
15095
15096
15097
15098
15099
15100
15101
15102
15103
15104
15105
15106
15107
15108
15109
15110
15111
15112
15113
15114
15115
15116
15117
15118
15119
15120
15121
15122
15123
15124
15125
15126
15127
15128
15129
15130
15131
15132
15133
15134
15135
15136
15137
15138
15139
15140
15141
15142
15143
15144
15145
15146
15147
15148
15149
15150
15151
15152
15153
15154
15155
15156
15157
15158
15159
15160
15161
15162
15163
15164
15165
15166
15167
15168
15169
15170
15171
15172
15173
15174
15175
15176
15177
15178
15179
15180
15181
15182
15183
15184
15185
15186
15187
15188
15189
15190
15191
15192
15193
15194
15195
15196
15197
15198
15199
15200
15201
15202
15203
15204
15205
15206
15207
15208
15209
15210
15211
15212
15213
15214
15215
15216
15217
15218
15219
15220
15221
15222
15223
15224
15225
15226
15227
15228
15229
15230
15231
15232
15233
15234
15235
15236
15237
15238
15239
15240
15241
15242
15243
15244
15245
15246
15247
15248
15249
15250
15251
15252
15253
15254
15255
15256
15257
15258
15259
15260
15261
15262
15263
15264
15265
15266
15267
15268
15269
15270
15271
15272
15273
15274
15275
15276
15277
15278
15279
15280
15281
15282
15283
15284
15285
15286
15287
15288
15289
15290
15291
15292
15293
15294
15295
15296
15297
15298
15299
15300
15301
15302
15303
15304
15305
15306
15307
15308
15309
15310
15311
15312
15313
15314
15315
15316
15317
15318
15319
15320
15321
15322
15323
15324
15325
15326
15327
15328
15329
15330
15331
15332
15333
15334
15335
15336
15337
15338
15339
15340
15341
15342
15343
15344
15345
15346
15347
15348
15349
15350
15351
15352
15353
15354
15355
15356
15357
15358
15359
15360
15361
15362
15363
15364
15365
15366
15367
15368
15369
15370
15371
15372
15373
15374
15375
15376
15377
15378
15379
15380
15381
15382
15383
15384
15385
15386
15387
15388
15389
15390
15391
15392
15393
15394
15395
15396
15397
15398
15399
15400
15401
15402
15403
15404
15405
15406
15407
15408
15409
15410
15411
15412
15413
15414
15415
15416
15417
15418
15419
15420
15421
15422
15423
15424
15425
15426
15427
15428
15429
15430
15431
15432
15433
15434
15435
15436
15437
15438
15439
15440
15441
15442
15443
15444
15445
15446
15447
15448
15449
15450
15451
15452
15453
15454
15455
15456
15457
15458
15459
15460
15461
15462
15463
15464
15465
15466
15467
15468
15469
15470
15471
15472
15473
15474
15475
15476
15477
15478
15479
15480
15481
15482
15483
15484
15485
15486
15487
15488
15489
15490
15491
15492
15493
15494
15495
15496
15497
15498
15499
15500
15501
15502
15503
15504
15505
15506
15507
15508
15509
15510
15511
15512
15513
15514
15515
15516
15517
15518
15519
15520
15521
15522
15523
15524
15525
15526
15527
15528
15529
15530
15531
15532
15533
15534
15535
15536
15537
15538
15539
15540
15541
15542
15543
15544
15545
15546
15547
15548
15549
15550
15551
15552
15553
15554
15555
15556
15557
15558
15559
15560
15561
15562
15563
15564
15565
15566
15567
15568
15569
15570
15571
15572
15573
15574
15575
15576
15577
15578
15579
15580
15581
15582
15583
15584
15585
15586
15587
15588
15589
15590
15591
15592
15593
15594
15595
15596
15597
15598
15599
15600
15601
15602
15603
15604
15605
15606
15607
15608
15609
15610
15611
15612
15613
15614
15615
15616
15617
15618
15619
15620
15621
15622
15623
15624
15625
15626
15627
15628
15629
15630
15631
15632
15633
15634
15635
15636
15637
15638
15639
15640
15641
15642
15643
15644
15645
15646
15647
15648
15649
15650
15651
15652
15653
15654
15655
15656
15657
15658
15659
15660
15661
15662
15663
15664
15665
15666
15667
15668
15669
15670
15671
15672
15673
15674
15675
15676
15677
15678
15679
15680
15681
15682
15683
15684
15685
15686
15687
15688
15689
15690
15691
15692
15693
15694
15695
15696
15697
15698
15699
15700
15701
15702
15703
15704
15705
15706
15707
15708
15709
15710
15711
15712
15713
15714
15715
15716
15717
15718
15719
15720
15721
15722
15723
15724
15725
15726
15727
15728
15729
15730
15731
15732
15733
15734
15735
15736
15737
15738
15739
15740
15741
15742
15743
15744
15745
15746
15747
15748
15749
15750
15751
15752
15753
15754
15755
15756
15757
15758
15759
15760
15761
15762
15763
15764
15765
15766
15767
15768
15769
15770
15771
15772
15773
15774
15775
15776
15777
15778
15779
15780
15781
15782
15783
15784
15785
15786
15787
15788
15789
15790
15791
15792
15793
15794
15795
15796
15797
15798
15799
15800
15801
15802
15803
15804
15805
15806
15807
15808
15809
15810
15811
15812
15813
15814
15815
15816
15817
15818
15819
15820
15821
15822
15823
15824
15825
15826
15827
15828
15829
15830
15831
15832
15833
15834
15835
15836
15837
15838
15839
15840
15841
15842
15843
15844
15845
15846
15847
15848
15849
15850
15851
15852
15853
15854
15855
15856
15857
15858
15859
15860
15861
15862
15863
15864
15865
15866
15867
15868
15869
15870
15871
15872
15873
15874
15875
15876
15877
15878
15879
15880
15881
15882
15883
15884
15885
15886
15887
15888
15889
15890
15891
15892
15893
15894
15895
15896
15897
15898
15899
15900
15901
15902
15903
15904
15905
15906
15907
15908
15909
15910
15911
15912
15913
15914
15915
15916
15917
15918
15919
15920
15921
15922
15923
15924
15925
15926
15927
15928
15929
15930
15931
15932
15933
15934
15935
15936
15937
15938
15939
15940
15941
15942
15943
15944
15945
15946
15947
15948
15949
15950
15951
15952
15953
15954
15955
15956
15957
15958
15959
15960
15961
15962
15963
15964
15965
15966
15967
15968
15969
15970
15971
15972
15973
15974
15975
15976
15977
15978
15979
15980
15981
15982
15983
15984
15985
15986
15987
15988
15989
15990
15991
15992
15993
15994
15995
15996
15997
15998
15999
16000
16001
16002
16003
16004
16005
16006
16007
16008
16009
16010
16011
16012
16013
16014
16015
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE chapter SYSTEM "chapter.dtd">

<chapter>
  <header>
    <copyright>
      <year>2004</year><year>2017</year>
      <holder>Ericsson AB. All Rights Reserved.</holder>
    </copyright>
    <legalnotice>
      Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
      you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
      You may obtain a copy of the License at
 
          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0

      Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
      distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
      WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
      See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
      limitations under the License.

    </legalnotice>

    <title>ERTS Release Notes</title>
    <prepared>otp_appnotes</prepared>
    <docno>nil</docno>
    <date>nil</date>
    <rev>nil</rev>
    <file>notes.xml</file>
  </header>
  <p>This document describes the changes made to the ERTS application.</p>

<section><title>Erts 8.3.5.3</title>

    <section><title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
      <list>
        <item>
          <p>
	    A timer internal bit-field used for storing scheduler id
	    was too small. As a result, VM internal timer data
	    structures could become inconsistent when using 1024
	    schedulers on the system. Note that systems with less
	    than 1024 schedulers are not effected by this bug.</p>
          <p>
	    This bug was introduced in ERTS version 7.0 (OTP 18.0).</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-14548 Aux Id: OTP-11997, ERL-468 </p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Fixed bug in <c>binary_to_term</c> and
	    <c>binary_to_atom</c> that could cause VM crash.
	    Typically happens when the last character of an UTF8
	    string is in the range 128 to 255, but truncated to only
	    one byte. Bug exists in <c>binary_to_term</c> since ERTS
	    version 5.10.2 (OTP_R16B01) and <c>binary_to_atom</c>
	    since ERTS version 9.0 (OTP-20.0).</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-14590 Aux Id: ERL-474 </p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Fix bug causing VM crash when a module with
	    <c>-on_load</c> directive is loaded while
	    <c>erlang:trace(on_load, ...)</c> is enabled.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-14612</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Fixed bug that could cause a VM crash when a corrupt
	    message is received on distribution channel from other
	    node.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-14661 Aux Id: ERIERL-80 </p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>

</section>

<section><title>Erts 8.3.5.2</title>

    <section><title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
      <list>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Fix performance bug in pre-allocators that could cause
	    them to permanently fall back on normal more expensive
	    memory allocation. Pre-allocators are used for quick
	    allocation of short lived meta data used by messages and
	    other scheduled tasks. Bug exists since OTP_R15B02.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-14491</p>
        </item>
        <item>
	    <p>Fixed a bug that prevented TCP sockets from being
	    closed properly on send timeouts.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-14509</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Fixed bug in operator <c>bxor</c> causing erroneuos
	    result when one operand is a big <em>negative</em>
	    integer with the lowest <c>N*W</c> bits as zero and the
	    other operand not larger than <c>N*W</c> bits. <c>N</c>
	    is an integer of 1 or larger and <c>W</c> is 32 or 64
	    depending on word size.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-14514</p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>

</section>

<section><title>Erts 8.3.5.1</title>

    <section><title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
      <list>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Fixed a bug in gen_tcp:send where it never returned when
	    repeatedly called on a remotely closed TCP socket.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-13939 Aux Id: ERL-193 </p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Fixed segfault that could happen during cleanup of
	    aborted erlang:port_command/3 calls. A port_command is
	    aborted if the port is closed at the same time as the
	    port_command was issued. This bug was introduced in
	    erts-8.0.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-14481</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Fixed implementation of <c>statistics(wall_clock)</c> and
	    <c>statistics(runtime)</c> so that values do not
	    unnecessarily wrap due to the emulator. Note that the
	    values returned by <c>statistics(runtime)</c> may still
	    wrap due to limitations in the underlying functionality
	    provided by the operating system.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-14484</p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>

</section>

<section><title>Erts 8.3.5</title>

    <section><title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
      <list>
        <item>
	    <p>Active-mode TCP sockets are now cleaned up properly on
	    send/shutdown errors.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-14441 Aux Id: ERL-430 </p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    A code purge operation could under certain circumstances
	    expand the size of hibernated processes.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-14444 Aux Id: ERIERL-24 </p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Fix so that the ERL_ZZ_SIGTERM_KILL introduced in
	    erts-8.3.4 works.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-14451</p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>

</section>

<section><title>Erts 8.3.4</title>

    <section><title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
      <list>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Add option to make SIGTERM trigger the OS default
	    behaviour instead of doing a gracefull shutdown. To
	    activate this bahviour the environment variable
	    ERL_ZZ_SIGTERM_KILL should be set to "true". This option
	    only works in OTP 19 as OTP 20 will have a different way
	    to deal with SIGTERM.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-14418 Aux Id: ERIERL-15 </p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>

</section>

<section><title>Erts 8.3.3</title>

    <section><title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
      <list>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Fixed memory segment cache used for multiblock carriers.
	    Huge (> 2GB) memory segments could cause a VM crash.
	    Creation of such huge memory segments used for multiblock
	    carriers is however very uncommon.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-14360 Aux Id: ERL-401, PR-1417 </p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Fix release note for OTP-14290 in ERTS version 8.3.1. It
	    was erroneously placed under "Known Bugs and Problems".</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-14363 Aux Id: OTP-14290 </p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>

</section>

<section><title>Erts 8.3.2</title>

    <section><title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
      <list>
        <item>
          <p>
	    The <c>+Bi</c> command line argument of <c>erl</c>
	    erroneously caused <c>SIGTERM</c> to be ignored by the VM
	    as well as of all its child processes. This bug was
	    introduced in erts version 8.3.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-14358 Aux Id: OTP-14085 </p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>

</section>

<section><title>Erts 8.3.1</title>

    <section><title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
      <list>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Invoking <c>init:stop/0</c> via the SIGTERM signal, in a
	    non-SMP BEAM, could cause BEAM to terminate with fatal
	    error. This has now been fixed and the BEAM will
	    terminate normally when SIGTERM is received.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-14290</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Trying to open a directory with file:read_file/1 on Unix
	    leaked a file descriptor. This bug has now been fixed.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-14308 Aux Id: ERL-383 </p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>

</section>

<section><title>Erts 8.3</title>

    <section><title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
      <list>
        <item>
	    <p>Fixed a number of bugs that caused faulty stack-traces
	    to be generated. The faulty stack traces were generated
	    either when applying the following functions or tracing
	    the following functions:</p> <list>
	    <item><c>erlang:error/1</c></item>
	    <item><c>erlang:error/2</c></item>
	    <item><c>erlang:exit/1</c></item>
	    <item><c>erlang:throw/1</c></item> </list>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-14055</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Corrected documentation about memory footprint for maps.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-14118</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Fix <c>process_info(Pid, current_stacktrace)</c> to use
	    stack depth limit set by
	    <c>system_flag(backtrace_depth)</c>. The old behavior was
	    a hard coded depth limit of 8.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-14119 Aux Id: PR-1263 </p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    A process calling <seealso
	    marker="erlang#system_flag_multi_scheduling"><c>erlang:system_flag(multi_scheduling,
	    block)</c></seealso> could end up hanging forever in the
	    call.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-14121</p>
        </item>
        <item>
	    <p>Dirty scheduler bug fixes:</p> <list> <item><p>Fixed
	    call time tracing of process being scheduled on dirty
	    scheduler.</p></item> <item><p>GC info from dirty
	    schedulers.</p></item> <item><p>Multi scheduling block
	    with dirty schedulers could crash the runtime
	    system.</p></item> <item><p>Process structures could be
	    removed prematurely.</p></item> <item><p>GC on dirty
	    scheduler could crash the runtime system.</p></item>
	    <item><p>Termination of a process executing on a dirty
	    scheduler could cause a runtime system crash.</p></item>
	    </list>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-14122</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Fixed crash that occurred when writing timer data to a
	    crash dump.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-14133</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    A literal area could be removed while still referred from
	    processes.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-14134</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Fixed a bug in the garbage collector that could crash the
	    runtime system.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-14135</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Fixed a bug in call-time trace for NIFs which caused
	    tracing to erroneously be started multiple times for one
	    call.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-14136</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Remove a debug printout and an unnecessary garbage
	    collection when handling exceptions in hipe compiled
	    code.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-14153</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Fix bug in tracing of garbage collection that could cause
	    VM crash. Bug exists since OTP 19.0.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-14154</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Fix bug in <c>binary_to_term</c> for binaries created by
	    <c>term_to_binary </c> with option <c>compressed</c>. The
	    bug can cause <c>badarg</c> exception for a valid binary
	    when Erlang VM is linked against a <c>zlib</c> library of
	    version 1.2.9 or newer. Bug exists since OTP 17.0.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-14159 Aux Id: ERL-340 </p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Fix suspension of schedulers when generating a crashdump.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-14164</p>
        </item>
        <item>
	    <p>NIF resources was not handled in a thread-safe manner
	    in the runtime system without SMP support.</p>
	    <p>As a consequence of this fix, the following driver
	    functions are now thread-safe also in the runtime system
	    without SMP support:</p> <list>
	    <item><p><c>driver_free_binary()</c></p></item>
	    <item><p><c>driver_realloc_binary()</c></p></item>
	    <item><p><c>driver_binary_get_refc()</c></p></item>
	    <item><p><c>driver_binary_inc_refc()</c></p></item>
	    <item><p><c>driver_binary_dec_refc()</c></p></item>
	    </list>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-14202</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Fix <c>erlang:round/1</c> for large floating point
	    numbers with an odd absolute value between <c>(1 bsl
	    52)</c> and <c>(1 bsl 53)</c>. The result was falsely
	    calculated as the next higher even number even though all
	    integer values up to <c>(1 bsl 53)</c> can be represented
	    as floats with full precision.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-14227</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Add size of literals to module code size in crash dump
	    and <c>(l)oaded</c> command in break menu like it used to
	    be before OTP-19.0.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-14228</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Fix potential bug in <c>enif_send</c> when called without
	    a process context and with argument <c>msg_env</c> as
	    <c>NULL</c>.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-14229</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Fix bug where passing an appendable binary to
	    <c>erlang:port_control()</c> could crash the emulator.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-14231</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Receive expressions with timeout in the Erlang shell
	    could cause a VM crash.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-14241 Aux Id: ERL-365 </p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>


    <section><title>Improvements and New Features</title>
      <list>
        <item>
          <p>
	    A received SIGTERM signal to beam will generate a
	    <c>'stop'</c> message to the <c>init</c> process and
	    terminate the Erlang VM nicely. This is equivalent to
	    calling <c>init:stop/0</c>.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-14085</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Workaround for buggy Android implementation of
	    <c>PTHREAD_STACK_MIN</c> causing build of runtime system
	    to crash on undeclared <c>PAGE_SIZE</c>.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-14165 Aux Id: ERL-319 </p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Add configure option --without-thread-names that removes
	    the naming of individual emulator threads.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-14234</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Add warning in documentation of <c>zlib:deflateInit/6</c>
	    about option <c>WindowsBits</c> values 8 and -8.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-14254 Aux Id: ERL-362 </p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>

</section>

<section><title>Erts 8.2.2</title>

    <section><title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
      <list>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Fix bug in <c>binary_to_term</c> for binaries created by
	    <c>term_to_binary </c> with option <c>compressed</c>. The
	    bug can cause <c>badarg</c> exception for a valid binary
	    when Erlang VM is linked against a <c>zlib</c> library of
	    version 1.2.9 or newer. Bug exists since OTP 17.0.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-14159 Aux Id: ERL-340 </p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    The driver efile_drv when opening a file now use fstat()
	    on the open file instead of stat() before opening, if
	    fstat() exists. This avoids a race when the file happens
	    to change between stat() and open().</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-14184 Aux Id: seq-13266 </p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>

</section>

<section><title>Erts 8.2.1</title>
    <section><title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
      <list>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Fix a quite rare bug causing VM crash during code loading
	    and the use of export funs (fun M:F/A) of not yet loaded
	    modules. Requires a very specfic timing of concurrent
	    scheduler threads. Has been seen on ARM but can probably
	    also occure on other architectures. Bug has existed since
	    OTP R16.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-14144 Aux Id: seq13242 </p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>

</section>

<section><title>Erts 8.2</title>

    <section><title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
      <list>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Fixed <c>configure</c> failures on MacOSX. Most important
	    <c>clock_gettime()</c> was detected when building for
	    MacOSX - El Capitan using XCode 8 despite it is not
	    available until MacOSX - Sierra.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-13904 Aux Id: ERL-256 </p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    <c>code:add_pathsa/1</c> and command line option
	    <c>-pa</c> both revert the given list of directories when
	    adding it at the beginning of the code path. This is now
	    documented.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-13920 Aux Id: ERL-267 </p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Fix a compilation error of erts in OpenBSD related to the
	    usage of the __errno variable.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-13927</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Fixed so that when enabling tracing on a process that had
	    an invalid tracer associated with it, the new tracer
	    overwrites the old tracer. Before this fix, calling
	    erlang:trace/3 would behave as if the tracer was still
	    alive and not apply the new trace.</p>
          <p>
	    This fault was introduced in ERTS 8.0.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-13928</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Fix parsing of <c>-profile_boot 'true' | 'false'</c></p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-13955 Aux Id: ERL-280 </p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    A slight improvement of <c>erlang:get_stacktrace/0</c>
	    for exceptions raised in hipe compiled code. Beam
	    compiled functions in such stack trace was earlier
	    replaced by some unrelated function. They are now instead
	    omitted. This is an attempt to reduce the confusion in
	    the absence of a complete and correct stack trace for
	    mixed beam and hipe functions.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-13992</p>
        </item>
        <item>
	    <p> Correct type declaration of match specification head.
	    </p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-13996</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    HiPE code loading failed for x86_64 if gcc was configured
	    with <c>--enable-default-pie</c>. Fixed by disabling PIE,
	    if needed for HiPE, when building the VM.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-14031 Aux Id: ERL-294, PR-1239 </p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Faulty arguments could be presented on exception from a
	    NIF that had rescheduled itself using
	    <c>enif_schedule_nif()</c>.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-14048</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    The runtime system could crash if a garbage collection on
	    a process was performed immediately after a NIF had been
	    rescheduled using <c>enif_schedule_nif()</c>.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-14049</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    A reference to purged code could be left undetected by
	    the purge operation if a process just had rescheduled a
	    NIF call using <c>enif_schedule_nif()</c> when the
	    process was checked. This could cause a runtime system
	    crash.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-14050</p>
        </item>
        <item>
	    <p>Fixed a number of dirty scheduler related bugs:</p>
	    <list> <item><p>Process priority was not handled correct
	    when scheduling on a dirty scheduler.</p></item>
	    <item><p>The runtime system could crash when an exit
	    signal with a compound exit reason was sent to a process
	    executing on a dirty scheduler.</p></item> <item><p>The
	    runtime system crashed when call tracing a process
	    executing on a dirty scheduler.</p></item> <item><p>A
	    code purge operation could end up hanging forever when a
	    process executed on a dirty scheduler</p></item> </list>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-14051</p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>


    <section><title>Improvements and New Features</title>
      <list>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Fix minor soft purge race bug that could incorrectly
	    trigger code_server to load new code for the module if
	    the soft purge failed and no current version of the
	    module existed.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-13925</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    To ease troubleshooting, <c>erlang:load_nif/2</c> now
	    includes the return value from a failed call to
	    load/reload/upgrade in the text part of the error tuple.
	    The <c>crypto</c> NIF makes use of this feature by
	    returning the source line where/if the initialization
	    fails.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-13951</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    New environment variable <c>ERL_CRASH_DUMP_BYTES</c> can
	    be used to limit the size of crash dumps. If the limit is
	    reached, crash dump generation is aborted and the
	    generated file will be truncated.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-14046</p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>

</section>

<section><title>Erts 8.1.1.1</title>

    <section><title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
      <list>
        <item>
          <p>
	    A code purge operation could under certain circumstances
	    expand the size of hibernated processes.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-14444 Aux Id: ERIERL-24 </p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>

</section>

<section><title>Erts 8.1.1</title>

    <section><title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
      <list>
        <item>
          <p>
	    The emulator got a dynamic library dependency towards
	    libsctp, which on Linux was not intended since the
	    emulator there loads and resolves the needed sctp
	    functions in runtime. This has been fixed and a configure
	    switch --enable-sctp=lib has been added for those who
	    want such a library dependency.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-13956 Aux Id: ERL-262, ERL-133 </p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Fix SIGUSR1 crashdump generation</p>
          <p>
	    Do not generate a core when a crashdump is asked for.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-13997</p>
        </item>
        <item>
	    <p>The new functions in <c>code</c> that allows loading
	    of many modules at once had a performance problem. While
	    executing a helper function in the <c>erl_prim_loader</c>
	    process, garbage messages were produced. The garbages
	    messages were ignored and ultimately discarded, but there
	    would be a negative impact on performance and memory
	    usage. The number of garbage message depended on both the
	    number of modules to be loaded and the length of the code
	    path.</p>
	    <p>The functions affected of this problem were:
	    <c>atomic_load/1</c>, <c>ensure_modules_loaded/1</c>, and
	    <c>prepare_loading/1</c>.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-14009</p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>

</section>

<section><title>Erts 8.1</title>

    <section><title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
      <list>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Fix bug for calls from hipe code to BIFs that disable GC
	    while yielding. Has been causing Dialyzer crashes on ARM
	    (and presumably all other non-intel platforms).</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-13724 Aux Id: PR-1116 </p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Fix a bug where changing the current working directory of
	    the VM would not change the current working directory of
	    programs spawned using <c>erlang:open_port({spawn,""},
	    ...)</c>.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-13733 Aux Id: ERL-175 </p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Fix a bug where disabling tracing from a process that had
	    return_to tracing enabled and was tracing on
	    <c>erlang:trace/3</c> would cause a segmentation fault.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-13734</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Update all erts documentation to use simpler English, use
	    consistent terminology and be easier to navigate.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-13740</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Add dirty schedulers to the microstate accounting
	    statistics.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-13744</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Fixed dirty scheduler build support on 32-bit windows.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-13759</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    inet:getstat(Socket) on an SCTP socket returned 0 for
	    send stats. This bug has now been corrected. Reported by
	    systra as issue ERL-102 on bugs.erlang.org.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-13773 Aux Id: ERL-102 </p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    AF_UNSPEC and unknown address families were misread by
	    UDP receive in prim_inet resulting in an exception. This
	    bug has now been corrected.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-13775</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Sweep HiPE stack for literals during code purge.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-13777 Aux Id: PR-1122 </p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Fix bug in run_erl for OpenBSD that could cause it on
	    rare occations to exit without starting the program (erl)
	    at all.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-13795</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Update build scripts to not make assumtions about where
	    env, cp and perl are located.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-13800</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Fixed a bug where init:stop could deadlock if a process
	    with infinite shutdown timeout (e.g. a supervisor)
	    attempted to load code while terminating.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-13802</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Fixed a segmentation fault on sparc CPUs when free'ing a
	    tracer module's state.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-13803</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    <c>fun</c>s was not properly handled during purge of a
	    module. This could cause a crash of the VM after a purge
	    of a module.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-13809</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Fixed a memory leak when the process monitoring a port
	    crashed.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-13818</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Fixed multiple dirty scheduler related tracing bugs.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-13822</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Fix error handling in beam code runtime loader for a
	    number of cases when index and size fields got corrupted
	    (negative) values.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-13848 Aux Id: ERL-216 </p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Minor fix of dirty scheduler implementation.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-13852</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Calls to <c>erl_drv_send_term()</c> or
	    <c>erl_drv_output_term()</c> from a non-scheduler thread
	    while the corresponding port was invalid caused the
	    emulator to enter an inconsistent state which eventually
	    caused an emulator crash.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-13866</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Fix a rare race condition in <c>erlang:open_port({spawn,
	    ""}, ...)</c> that would result in the erl_child_setup
	    program aborting and cause the emulator to exit.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-13868</p>
        </item>
        <item>
	    <p>Driver and NIF operations accessing processes or ports
	    could cause an emulator crash when used from
	    non-scheduler threads. Those operations are:</p> <list>
	    <item><c>erl_drv_send_term()</c></item>
	    <item><c>driver_send_term()</c></item>
	    <item><c>erl_drv_output_term()</c></item>
	    <item><c>driver_output_term()</c></item>
	    <item><c>enif_send()</c></item>
	    <item><c>enif_port_command()</c></item> </list>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-13869</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Fix start scripts generation dependency in Makefile</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-13871 Aux Id: ERL-241 </p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    The VM could crash if <c>erlang:get_stacktrace()</c> was
	    called after a rescheduled NIF had thrown an exception.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-13877</p>
        </item>
        <item>
	    <p>Calling <c>code:delete/1</c> before a loading a module
	    with an on_load function, the old code would be
	    overwritten, causing a memory or a crash if NIFs were
	    involved. (Thanks to vans163 for reporting this bug.)</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-13893 Aux Id: ERL-240 </p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>


    <section><title>Improvements and New Features</title>
      <list>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Improved accuracy of timeouts on MacOS X. This by setting
	    premature timeouts followed by a short actual timeout
	    during scheduler wait.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-13698</p>
        </item>
        <item>
	    <p>Added the following symbolic time unit representations
	    to the <seealso
	    marker="erlang#type-time_unit"><c>erlang:time_unit()</c></seealso>
	    type:</p> <list> <item><c>second</c></item>
	    <item><c>millisecond</c></item>
	    <item><c>microsecond</c></item>
	    <item><c>nanosecond</c></item> </list> <p>The following
	    symbolic time unit representations are now
	    <em>deprecated</em>, but still part of the
	    <c>erlang:time_unit()</c> type:</p> <list>
	    <item><c>seconds</c></item>
	    <item><c>milli_seconds</c></item>
	    <item><c>micro_seconds</c></item>
	    <item><c>nano_seconds</c></item> </list>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-13735</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Fix maps hashing entropy of maps with maps keys.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-13763 Aux Id: ERL-199 </p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Improved dirty scheduler support. A purge of a module can
	    now be performed without having to wait for completion of
	    all ongoing dirty NIF calls.</p>
          <p>
	    Note that when enabling support for dirty schedulers, a
	    new purge strategy will as of ERTS version 8.1 be
	    enabled. This new strategy is not fully backwards
	    compatible with the strategy used by default. For more
	    information see the documentation of <seealso
	    marker="erts:erlang#check_process_code/3"><c>erlang:check_process_code/3</c></seealso>.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-13808 Aux Id: OTP-13833 </p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    A new purge strategy has been introduced. The new
	    strategy will by default be disabled during the OTP 19
	    release, but will be the only strategy available as of
	    the OTP 20 release.</p>
          <p>
	    The new strategy is slightly incompatible with the
	    strategy being used by default in OTP 19. Using the
	    default strategy, processes holding <c>fun</c>s that
	    refer to the module being purged either fail a soft
	    purge, or will be killed during a hard purge. The new
	    strategy completely ignores <c>fun</c>s. If <c>fun</c>s
	    referring to the code being purged exist, and are used
	    after a purge, an exception will be raised upon usage.
	    That is, the behavior will be exactly the same as the
	    case when a <c>fun</c> is received by a process after the
	    purge.</p>
          <p>
	    The new strategy can optionally be enabled when building
	    OTP during OTP 19, and will automatically be enabled if
	    the runtime system is built with support for dirty
	    schedulers.</p>
          <p>
	    For more information see the documentation of <seealso
	    marker="erts:erlang#check_process_code/3"><c>erlang:check_process_code/3</c></seealso>.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-13833</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Fixed unnecessary overestimation of heap size need during
	    garbage collection.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-13851</p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>

</section>

<section><title>Erts 8.0.5</title>

    <section><title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
      <list>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Fixed a VM crash that occured in a garbage collection of
	    a process when it had received binaries. This bug was
	    introduced in ERTS version 8.0 (OTP 19.0).</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-13890</p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>

</section>

<section><title>Erts 8.0.4</title>

    <section><title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
      <list>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Fixed a VM crash that occured in garbage collection of a
	    process when it had received maps over the distribution.
	    This bug was introduced in ERTS version 8.0 (OTP 19.0).</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-13889</p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>

</section>

<section><title>Erts 8.0.3</title>

    <section><title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
      <list>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Fixed a race that could cause a lost wakeup of a process
	    that timed out in a <c>receive ... after</c>. This bug
	    was introduced in ERTS version 7.0.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-13798 Aux Id: OTP-11997 </p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Fixed segfault after writing an erl crash dump.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-13799</p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>

</section>

<section><title>Erts 8.0.2</title>

    <section><title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
      <list>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Fix scheduler deadlock bug in <c>ets:update_counter/4</c>
	    when key is not found and inserting the default object
	    causes the table to grow.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-13731 Aux Id: ERL-188 </p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Fix VM abort "Overrun stack and heap" in garbage
	    collection triggered by a <c>bsl</c> operation and some
	    very specific heap conditions.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-13732 Aux Id: seq13142 </p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>

</section>

<section><title>Erts 8.0.1</title>

    <section><title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
      <list>
        <item>
          <p>
	    A memory allocation bug in <c>group_leader/2</c> could
	    cause an emulator crash when garbage collecting a process
	    that had been assigned a remote group leader. This bug
	    was introduced in ERTS version 8.0.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-13716</p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>

</section>

<section><title>Erts 8.0</title>

    <section><title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
      <list>
        <item>
	    <p>The handling of <c>on_load</c> functions has been
	    improved. The major improvement is that if a code upgrade
	    fails because the <c>on_load</c> function fails, the
	    previous version of the module will now be retained.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-12593</p>
        </item>
        <item>
	    <p><c>is_builtin(erlang, apply, 3)</c> will now return
	    <c>true</c>.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-13034</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Fix <c>enif_get_list_length</c> to return false if list
	    is improper or have length larger than <c>UINT_MAX</c>
	    (did return true and an incorrect length value).</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-13288 Aux Id: PR913 </p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Cleanup hipe signal handling code for x86 and make it
	    more portable.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-13341 Aux Id: PR951 </p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Make file:datasync use fsync instead of fdatasync on Mac
	    OSX.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-13411</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Make sure to create a crash dump when running out of
	    memory. This was accidentally removed in the erts-7.3
	    release.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-13419</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    A bug has been fixed where if erlang was started +B on a
	    unix platform it would be killed by a SIGUSR2 signal when
	    creating a crash dump.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-13425</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Fix race between <c>process_flag(trap_exit,true)</c> and
	    a received exit signal.</p>
          <p>
	    A process could terminate due to exit signal even though
	    <c>process_flag(trap_exit,true)</c> had returned. A very
	    specific timing between call to <c>process_flag/2</c> and
	    exit signal from another scheduler was required for this
	    to happen.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-13452</p>
        </item>
        <item>
	    <p>Don't search for non-existing Map keys twice</p>
	    <p>For <c>maps:get/2,3</c> and <c>maps:find/2</c>,
	    searching for an immediate key, e.g. an atom, in a small
	    map, the search was performed twice if the key did not
	    exist.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-13459</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    When an abnormally large distribution message is about to
	    be sent, the VM has been changed to create a crash dump
	    instead of a core dump.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-13474</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Fix <c>erlang:process_info/2</c> type specification</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-13485 Aux Id: ERL-123 </p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Fix bug in <c>open_port/2</c> with option <c>{args,
	    List}</c>. A vm crash could be caused by an improper
	    <c>List</c>.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-13489 Aux Id: ERL-127 </p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Fixed a race-condition bug where the emulator could crash
	    when <c>erlang:system_profile/1,2</c> was enabled and a
	    process had to be re-scheduled during termination.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-13494 Aux Id: ERL-126 </p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Fixed bugs where the reduction counter was not handled
	    correct.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-13512</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Fixed typo in description of the <c>EPMD_DUMP_REQ</c>
	    response.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-13517</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Fixed a bug where a process flagged as sensitive would
	    sometimes record its save_calls when it shouldn't.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-13540</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Update configure scripts to not use hard-coded path for
	    /bin/pwd and /bin/rm.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-13562</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    When passing a larger binary than the outputv callback of
	    a linked-in driver can handle in one io vector slot, the
	    binary is now split into multiple slots in the io vector.
	    This change only effects system where the max size of an
	    io vector slot is smaller then the word size of the
	    system (e.g. Windows).</p>
          <p>
	    This change means that it is now possible on Windows to
	    send binaries that are larger than 4GB to port_command,
	    which is what is used for file:write, gen_tcp:send etc.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-13628</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Workaround of Maps output in crashdumps. Currently the
	    atom 'undefined' is generated instead of Map data if a
	    Map type is encountered during crash.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-13657</p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>


    <section><title>Improvements and New Features</title>
      <list>
        <item>
          <p>
	    The tracing support has been extended to allow a <seealso
	    marker="erl_tracer">tracer module</seealso> to be the
	    trace event handler instead of a process or port. The
	    <seealso marker="erl_tracer">tracer module</seealso>
	    makes it possible for trace tools to filter or manipulate
	    trace event data without the trace event first having to
	    be copied from the traced process or port.</p>
          <p>
	    With the introduction of this feature,
	    <c>erlang:trace(all|existing, _, _)</c> now also returns
	    the tracer process as part of the number of processes on
	    which tracing is enabled. The is incompatible with the
	    previous releases.</p>
          <p>
	    *** POTENTIAL INCOMPATIBILITY ***</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-10267</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Introduce LTTng tracing of Erlang Runtime System</p>
          <p>
	    For LTTng to be enabled OTP needs to be built with
	    configure option <c>--with-dynamic-trace=lttng</c>.</p>
          <p>
	    This feature introduces tracepoints for schedulers,
	    drivers, memory carriers, memory and async thread pool.</p>
	    <p> For a list of all tracepoints, see <seealso
	    marker="runtime_tools:LTTng">Runtime Tools User's
	    Guide</seealso> .</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-10282</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Make it possible to monitor/demonitor ports using the
	    <seealso
	    marker="erlang#monitor/2">erlang:monitor/2</seealso> API.
	    The process and port information functions have also been
	    updated to include information about monitors from
	    processes to ports.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-11384</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Add microstate accounting</p>
          <p>
	    Microstate accounting is a way to track which state the
	    different threads within ERTS are in. The main usage area
	    is to pin point performance bottlenecks by checking which
	    states the threads are in and then from there figuring
	    out why and where to optimize.</p>
          <p>
	    Since checking whether microstate accounting is on or off
	    is relatively expensive only a few of the states are
	    enabled by default and more states can be enabled through
	    configure.</p>
          <p>
	    There is a convenience module called msacc that has been
	    added to runtime_tools that can assist in gathering and
	    interpreting the data from Microstate accounting.</p>
          <p>
	    For more information see <seealso
	    marker="erts:erlang#statistics_microstate_accounting">erlang:statistics(microstate_accounting,
	    _)</seealso> and the <seealso
	    marker="runtime_tools:msacc">msacc</seealso> module in
	    runtime_tools.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-12345</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    The port of Erlang/OTP to the real-time operating system
	    OSE has been removed.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-12573</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Sharing preserved copy for messages and exit signals</p>
          <p>
	    Enable sharing preserved copy with configure option
	    <c>--enable-sharing-preserving</c>. This will preserve
	    sharing, within the process, when communication with
	    other processes in the Erlang node. There is a trade-off,
	    the copy is more costly but this cost can be reclaimed if
	    there is a lot of sharing in the message. In addition
	    literals will not be copied in a send except during a
	    purge phase of the module where the literals are located.
	    This feature is considered experimental in 19.0.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-12590 Aux Id: OTP-10251 </p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Halfword BEAM has been removed.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-12883</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Added <seealso
	    marker="kernel:os#perf_counter/1">os:perf_counter/1</seealso>.</p>
          <p>
	    The perf_counter is a very very cheap and high resolution
	    timer that can be used to timestamp system events. It
	    does not have monoticity guarantees, but should on most
	    OS's expose a monotonous time.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-12908</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Support for a fragmented young heap generation. That is,
	    the young heap generation can consist of multiple non
	    continuous memory areas. The main reason for this change
	    is to avoid extra copying of messages that could not be
	    allocated directly on the receivers heap.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-13047</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Erlang linked-in driver can now force the call to
	    open_port to block until a call to erl_drv_init_ack is
	    made inside the driver. This is useful when you want to
	    do some asynchronous initialization, for example getting
	    configuration from a pipe, and you want the initial
	    open_port call to fail if the configuration is incomplete
	    or wrong. See the erl_driver documentation for more
	    details on the API.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-13086</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Erlang linked-in drivers can now set their own pids as
	    seen in <c>erlang:port_info/1</c> by using the
	    <c>erl_drv_set_pid</c> function. For more details see the
	    erl_driver documentation.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-13087</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    The functionality behind <c>erlang:open_port/2</c> when
	    called with spawn or spawn_executable has been redone so
	    that the forking of the new program is done in a separate
	    process called erl_child_setup. This allows for a much
	    more robust implementation that uses less memory and does
	    not block the entire emulator if the program to be
	    started is on an un-accessible NFS. Benchmarks have shown
	    this approach to be about 3-5 times as fast as the old
	    approach where the fork/vfork was done by erts. This is a
	    pure stability and performance fix, however some error
	    messages may have changed, which is why it is marked as a
	    backwards incompatible change.</p>
          <p>
	    *** POTENTIAL INCOMPATIBILITY ***</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-13088</p>
        </item>
        <item>
	    <p>Improved yielding strategy in the implementation of
	    the following native functions:</p> <list>
	    <item><c>erlang:binary_to_list/1</c></item>
	    <item><c>erlang:binary_to_list/3</c></item>
	    <item><c>erlang:bitstring_to_list/1</c></item>
	    <item><c>erlang:list_to_binary/1</c></item>
	    <item><c>erlang:iolist_to_binary/1</c></item>
	    <item><c>erlang:list_to_bitstring/1</c></item>
	    <item><c>binary:list_to_bin/1</c></item> </list> <p>This
	    in order to improve performance of these functions.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-13096</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    All garbage collections of processes now bump reductions.
	    Also the amount of reductions bumped when garbage
	    collecting has been adjusted. It now better corresponds
	    to the amount of work performed. This in order to improve
	    the real time characteristics of the system.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-13097</p>
        </item>
        <item>
	    <p>New functions that can load multiple modules at once
	    have been added to the '<c>code</c>' module. The
	    functions are <c>code:atomic_load/1</c>,
	    <c>code:prepare_loading/1</c>,
	    <c>code:finish_loading/1</c>, and
	    <c>code:ensure_modules_loaded/1</c>.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-13111</p>
        </item>
        <item>
	    <p>The <c>-boot_var</c> option for <c>erl</c> now only
	    supports a single key and single value (as documented).
	    The option used to allow multiple key/value pairs, but
	    that behavior was undocumented.</p>
	    <p>The function <c>erl_prim_loader:start/3</c> has been
	    removed. Its documentation has also been removed.</p>
	    <p>The undocumented and unsupported function
	    <c>erl_prim_loader:get_files/2</c> has been removed.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-13112</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Low level BIF <c>erlang:purge_module/1</c> is made more
	    robust against incorrect use. Lingering processes that
	    still refer the old code are now killed before the module
	    is purged to prevent fatal VM behavior.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-13122</p>
        </item>
        <item>
	    <p>Improved dirty scheduler implementation. For more
	    information see the <seealso
	    marker="erl_nif#dirty_nifs">NIF
	    documentation</seealso>.</p> <note><list> <item><p>The
	    dirty scheduler support is still
	    <em>experimental</em>.</p></item> <item><p>The support
	    for determining whether dirty NIF support exist or not at
	    compile time using the C preprocessor macro
	    <c>ERL_NIF_DIRTY_SCHEDULER_SUPPORT</c> has been
	    removed.</p></item> <item><p>The
	    <c>enif_is_on_dirty_scheduler()</c> function has been
	    removed. Use <seealso
	    marker="erl_nif#enif_thread_type"><c>enif_thread_type()</c></seealso>
	    instead.</p></item> </list></note>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-13123</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Various optimizations done to process dictionary access.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-13167</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Added max_heap_size process flag. max_heap_size allows
	    the user to limit the maximum heap used by a process. See
	    <seealso
	    marker="erlang#process_flag/2">erlang:process_flag</seealso>
	    for more details.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-13174</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Allow dynamic drivers and NIF libraries to be built with
	    gcc option <c>-fvisibility=hidden</c> for faster loading
	    and more optimized code.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-13227</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Add <c>erlang:process_info(Pid,
	    garbage_collection_info)</c> which returns extended
	    garbage_collection information. For more details see the
	    documentation.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-13265</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    The functions <c>erlang:list_to_integer/1</c> and
	    <c>string:to_integer/1</c> have been optimized for large
	    inputs.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-13293</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Improved memory allocation strategy for hipe native code
	    on x86_64 (amd64) architectures by reserving enough low
	    virtual address space needed for the HiPE/AMD64 small
	    code model. The default virtual address area for hipe
	    code is set to 512Mb, but can be changed with emulator
	    flag <c>+MXscs</c>.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-13359</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Introduction of configurable management of data referred
	    to by the message queue of a process. Each process can be
	    configured individually.</p>
          <p>
	    It is now possible to configure the message queue of a
	    process, so that all data referred by it will be kept
	    outside of the heap, and by this prevent this data from
	    being part of garbage collections.</p>
          <p>
	    For more information see the documentation of <seealso
	    marker="erlang#process_flag_message_queue_data"><c>process_flag(message_queue_data,
	    MQD)</c></seealso>.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-13366 Aux Id: OTP-13047 </p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Processes now yield when scanning large message queues
	    and not finding a matching message. This in order to
	    improve real time characteristics.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-13401</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Optimized an erts internal function that is used to
	    traverse erlang terms. The internal function was mainly
	    used by term_to_binary and comparison of terms.
	    Benchmarks have shown up to a 10% performance increase in
	    those functions after the optimization.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-13440</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>Add the following NIF API functions:</p>
	    <list> <item><seealso
	    marker="erl_nif#enif_cpu_time"><c>enif_cpu_time</c></seealso></item>
	    <item><seealso
	    marker="erl_nif#enif_now_time"><c>enif_now_time</c></seealso></item>
	    <item><seealso
	    marker="erl_nif#enif_make_unique_integer"><c>enif_make_unique_integer</c></seealso></item>
	    <item><seealso
	    marker="erl_nif#enif_is_process_alive"><c>enif_is_process_alive</c></seealso></item>
	    <item><seealso
	    marker="erl_nif#enif_is_port_alive"><c>enif_is_port_alive</c></seealso></item>
	    <item><seealso
	    marker="erl_nif#enif_term_to_binary"><c>enif_term_to_binary</c></seealso></item>
	    <item><seealso
	    marker="erl_nif#enif_binary_to_term"><c>enif_binary_to_term</c></seealso></item>
	    <item><seealso
	    marker="erl_nif#enif_port_command"><c>enif_port_command</c></seealso></item>
	    </list>
          <p>
	    For details of what each function does, see the erl_nif
	    documentation.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-13442</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Optimize <c>'++'</c> operator and <c>lists:append/2</c>
	    by using a single pass to build a new list while checking
	    for properness.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-13487</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Handle terms (pids,ports and refs) from nodes with a
	    'creation' value larger than 3. This is a preparation of
	    the distribution protocol to allow OTP 19 nodes to
	    correctly communicate with future nodes (20 or higher).
	    The 'creation' value differentiates different
	    incarnations of the same node (name).</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-13488</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Don't send unasked for systemd notifications in epmd</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-13493 Aux Id: PR-999 </p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    The enif_send API has been extended to allow NULL to be
	    used as the message environment. When used this way, a
	    message environment is implicitly created and the given
	    term is copied into that environment before sending. This
	    can be an optimization if many small messages are being
	    sent by the nif.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-13495</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    The tracing support has been extended to allow tracing on
	    ports. Ports can be traced on using the 'ports', 'send'
	    and 'receive' trace flags.</p>
          <p>
	    The first argument of <seealso
	    marker="erts:erlang#trace/3">erlang:trace/3</seealso> has
	    been extended so that <c>'all'</c>, <c>'existing'</c> and
	    <c>'new'</c> now include both processes and ports. New
	    <c>Tracee</c> variants, <c>'all_processes'</c>,
	    <c>'all_ports'</c>, <c>'existing_processes'</c> etc have
	    been added to specify only processes or ports.</p>
          <p>
	    *** POTENTIAL INCOMPATIBILITY ***</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-13496</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    When the <c>'procs'</c> trace flag is enabled, a
	    <c>'spawned'</c> trace event is now also generated by a
	    newly created process. The previous event <c>'spawn'</c>
	    remains, but as it is generated by the process that did
	    the spawn, it is not guaranteed that it is ordered with
	    other trace events from the newly spawned process. So
	    when tracking the lifetime of a process this new event
	    should be used as the creation event.</p>
          <p>
	    This new trace event is marked as an incompatibility
	    because tools that expect certain trace events when
	    enabling 'procs' will have to updated.</p>
          <p>
	    *** POTENTIAL INCOMPATIBILITY ***</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-13497</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Add the <seealso
	    marker="erts:erlang#match_spec_test/3">erlang:match_spec_test/3</seealso>
	    function. The functions allows the testing of match
	    specifications for both tracing and ets tables. It can be
	    used to test that a match specification does the expected
	    filtering on specific data. It also returns more verbose
	    error reasons for incorrectly constructed match
	    specifications.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-13501</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    The erts internal tracing support has been changed to
	    have much less overhead and be more scalable.</p>
          <p>
	    This rewrite does not break any backwards
	    incompatibilities, but it does change the ordering of
	    some trace messages when compared to previous releases.
	    It should be noted that this only applies to trace
	    messages sent to processes or ports, it does not apply to
	    the new tracer module. However in future releases they
	    may also be effected by this.</p>
          <p>
	    Trace messages are only guaranteed to be ordered from one
	    traced process or port. In previous releases this was not
	    visible as a <c>'send'</c> trace message would always
	    arrive before the corresponding <c>'receive'</c> trace
	    message that is no longer always the case. This also
	    means that timestamped trace messages may seem to arrive
	    out of order as the timestamp is taken when the event is
	    triggered and not when it is put in the queue of the
	    tracer.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-13503</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Add possibility to filter <c>send</c> and <c>receive</c>
	    trace with match specifications.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-13507</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Add <c>maps:update_with/3,4</c> and <c>maps:take/2</c></p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-13522 Aux Id: PR-1025 </p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Introduce LTTng tracing via Erlang tracing.</p>
          <p>
	    For LTTng to be enabled OTP needs to be built with
	    configure option <c>--with-dynamic-trace=lttng</c>.</p>
	    <p>The dynamic trace module <c>dyntrace</c> is now
	    capable to be used as a LTTng sink for Erlang tracing.
	    For a list of all tracepoints, see <seealso
	    marker="runtime_tools:LTTng">Runtime Tools User's
	    Guide</seealso> .</p>
	    <p>This feature also introduces an incompatible change in
	    trace tags. The trace tags <c>gc_start</c> and
	    <c>gc_end</c> has been split into <c>gc_minor_start</c>,
	    <c>gc_minor_end</c> and <c>gc_major_start</c>,
	    <c>gc_major_end</c>.</p>
          <p>
	    *** POTENTIAL INCOMPATIBILITY ***</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-13532</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Print heap pointers for garbing processes during
	    crashdump</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-13541 Aux Id: PR-1026 </p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Changed and improved low level memory statistics returned
	    by <c>erlang:system_info/1</c>. The info for
	    <c>erts_mmap</c> has been moved from <c>mseg_alloc</c> to
	    its own section returned by <c>{allocator,
	    erts_mmap}</c>.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-13560</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Add enif_snprintf to the NIF API</p>
          <p>
	    The function <c>enif_snprintf</c> is similar to
	    <c>snprintf</c> call but can handle formatting of Erlang
	    terms via <c>%T</c> format specifier.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-13580</p>
        </item>
        <item>
	    <p>The warning in the documentation for
	    <c>erlang:raise/3</c> has been removed. It is now
	    officially perfectly fine to use raise/3 in production
	    code.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-13599</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Fix bugs caused by the VM sometimes truncating object
	    sizes or offsets to 32 bits on 64-bit hosts. These bugs
	    were mainly found when working with large unicode strings
	    and nifs environments.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-13606</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Add <c>-start_epmd</c> command line option, this lets you
	    disable automatic starting of epmd when starting a
	    distributed node.</p>
          <p>
	    Add <c>-epmd_module</c> command line option, this lets
	    you specify a module to register and look-up node names
	    in. The default module is <c>erl_epmd</c>.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-13627</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    <c>erlang:halt</c> now truncates strings longer than 200
	    characters instead of failing with <c>badarg</c>.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-13630</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Fix possible race in poller wake up on windows</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-13634</p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>

</section>

<section><title>Erts 7.3.1</title>

    <section><title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
      <list>
        <item>
          <p>
	    <c>process_info(Pid, last_calls)</c> did not work for
	    <c>Pid /= self()</c>.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-13418</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Make sure to create a crash dump when running out of
	    memory. This was accidentally removed in the erts-7.3
	    release.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-13419</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Schedulers could be woken by a premature timeout on
	    Linux. This premature wakeup was however harmless.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-13420</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    A process communicating with a port via one of the
	    <c>erlang:port_*</c> BIFs could potentially end up in an
	    inconsistent state if the port terminated during the
	    communication. When this occurred the process could later
	    block in a <c>receive</c> even though it had messages
	    matching in its message queue.</p>
          <p>
	    This bug was introduced in erts version 5.10 (OTP R16A).</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-13424 Aux Id: OTP-10336 </p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    The reference count of a process structure could under
	    rare circumstances be erroneously managed. When this
	    happened invalid memory accesses occurred.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-13446</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Fix race between <c>process_flag(trap_exit,true)</c> and
	    a received exit signal.</p>
          <p>
	    A process could terminate due to exit signal even though
	    <c>process_flag(trap_exit,true)</c> had returned. A very
	    specific timing between call to <c>process_flag/2</c> and
	    exit signal from another scheduler was required for this
	    to happen.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-13452</p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>

</section>

<section><title>Erts 7.3</title>

    <section><title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
      <list>
        <item>
          <p>
	    The '-path' flag to 'erl' has been documented. This flag
	    replaces the path specified in the boot script. It has
	    always existed, but was earlier only documented in SASL
	    (script).</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-13060</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    The <c>call_time</c> tracing functionality internally
	    used a time based on OS system time in order to measure
	    call time which could cause erroneous results if OS
	    system time was changed during tracing.</p>
          <p>
	    This functionality now use Erlang monotonic time in order
	    to measure time. Besides fixing the erroneous results due
	    to OS system time being used, the results are often also
	    better since Erlang monotonic time often has better
	    accuracy and precision.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-13216</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Fix behaviour of -delay_write command line switch of
	    epmd, which is used for debugging - in some cases epmd
	    was sleeping twice the requested amount of time.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-13220</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Fix race between timeout and exit signal that could cause
	    a process to ignore the exit signal and continue
	    execution. Bug exist since OTP 18.0.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-13245</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Fix bug in <c>erlang:halt/1,2</c> for large exit status
	    values, causing either <c>badarg</c> (on 32-bit) or exit
	    with a crash dump and/or core dump (on 64-bit). Make
	    <c>erlang:halt/1,2</c> tolerate any non negative integer
	    as exit status and truncate high order bits if the OS
	    does not support it.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-13251 Aux Id: ERL-49 </p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    <seealso
	    marker="kernel:gen_tcp#accept/2"><c>gen_tcp:accept/2</c></seealso>
	    was not <seealso
	    marker="erts:time_correction#Time_Warp_Safe_Code">time
	    warp safe</seealso>. This since it used the same time as
	    returned by <seealso
	    marker="erts:erlang#now/0"><c>erlang:now/0</c></seealso>
	    when calculating timeout. This has now been fixed.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-13254 Aux Id: OTP-11997, OTP-13222 </p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Fix faulty error handling when writing to a compressed
	    file.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-13270</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Fix sendfile usage for large files on FreeBSD</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-13271</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Fix bug that could cause
	    <c>process_info(P,current_location)</c> to crash emulator
	    for hipe compiled modules.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-13282 Aux Id: ERL-79 </p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Out of memory errors have been changed to cause an exit
	    instead of abort.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-13292</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    When calling <c>garbage_collect/[1,2]</c> or
	    <c>check_process_code/[2,3]</c> from a process with a
	    higher priority than the priority of the process operated
	    on, the run queues could end up in an inconsistent state.
	    This bug has now been fixed.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-13298 Aux Id: OTP-11388 </p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    A workaround for an issue with older gcc versions (less
	    than 5) and inline assembly on 32-bit x86 caused an
	    emulator crash when it had been compiled with a newer gcc
	    version. An improved <c>configure</c> test, run when
	    building OTP, now detects whether the workaround should
	    be used or not.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-13326 Aux Id: ERL-80 </p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>


    <section><title>Improvements and New Features</title>
      <list>
        <item>
	    <p>Introduced new statistics functionality in order to
	    more efficiently retrieve information about run able and
	    active processes and ports. For more information see:</p>
	    <list> <item><seealso
	    marker="erlang#statistics_total_run_queue_lengths"><c>statistics(total_run_queue_lengths)</c></seealso></item>
	    <item><seealso
	    marker="erlang#statistics_run_queue_lengths"><c>statistics(run_queue_lengths)</c></seealso></item>
	    <item><seealso
	    marker="erlang#statistics_total_active_tasks"><c>statistics(total_active_tasks)</c></seealso></item>
	    <item><seealso
	    marker="erlang#statistics_active_tasks"><c>statistics(active_tasks)</c></seealso></item>
	    </list>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-13201</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Time warp safety improvements.</p>
          <p>
	    Introduced the options <c>monotonic_timestamp</c>, and
	    <c>strict_monotonic_timestamp</c> to the trace,
	    sequential trace, and system profile functionality. This
	    since the already existing <c>timestamp</c> option is not
	    time warp safe.</p>
          <p>
	    Introduced the option <c>safe_fixed_monotonic_time</c> to
	    <c>ets:info/2</c> and <c>dets:info/2</c>. This since the
	    already existing <c>safe_fixed</c> option is not time
	    warp safe.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-13222 Aux Id: OTP-11997 </p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Fix a register race where down nodes goes undetected in
	    epmd</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-13301</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Improved the gcc inline assembly implementing double word
	    atomic compare and exchange on x86/x86_64 so that it also
	    can be used when compiling with clang.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-13336</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    An optimization preventing a long wait for a scheduler
	    thread looking up information about a process executing
	    on another scheduler thread had unintentionally been lost
	    in erts-5.10 (OTP R16A). This optimization has now been
	    reintroduced.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-13365 Aux Id: OTP-9892 </p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>

</section>

<section><title>Erts 7.2.1</title>

    <section><title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
      <list>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Revert "Fix erroneous splitting of emulator path"</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-13202</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Fix HiPE enabled emulator for FreeBSD.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-13204 Aux Id: pr926 </p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>

</section>

<section><title>Erts 7.2</title>

    <section><title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
      <list>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Small documentation fixes</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-13017</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Fix memory corruption bug caused by disabling
	    distribution and then re-enable distribution with a node
	    name that has previously been used by a remote node.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-13076 Aux Id: seq12959 </p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Renamed variables with name bool as Visual Studio 2015
	    now treats this is a keyword.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-13079</p>
        </item>
        <item>
	    <p><c>erl_prim_loader</c> has not supported custom
	    loaders for several releases. In the documentation for
	    <c>erl_prim_loader</c>, all references to custom loaders
	    have now been removed.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-13102</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Fixed compilation of erts together with libc versions
	    that do not define __uint32_t.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-13105</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    erl -make now returns non-zero exit codes on failure</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-13107</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Fix crash on init:restart in embedded mode caused by
	    on_load handler process not being relaunched leading to
	    load failure for modules such as crypto and asn1rt_nif
	    that need it to be present for correct NIF loading.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-13115</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Fix maps decode in erlang:binary_to_term/1</p>
	    <p>Decoding a term with a large (HAMT) map in an small
	    (FLAT) map could cause a critical error if the external
	    format was not produced by beam.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-13125</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Fix very rare bug in GC when big maps with a lot of hash
	    collisions from a remote node are waiting in inner
	    message queue.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-13146</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Fixed a bug that could cause a crash dump to become
	    almost empty.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-13150</p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>


    <section><title>Improvements and New Features</title>
      <list>
        <item>
	    <p> Updated the xmllint target to just check the xml
	    files with real documentation content.<br/> Corrected
	    some errors and added some missing target in the DTD's.
	    </p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-13026</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Add function enif_getenv to read OS environment variables
	    in a portable way from NIFs.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-13147</p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>

</section>

<section><title>Erts 7.1</title>
    <section><title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
      <list>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Fix bug in ETS that could cause stray objects marked for
	    deletion to occasionally be missed by the cleanup done by
	    <c>safe_fixtable(_,false)</c>.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-12870</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Fixed VM crash that could occur if a trace port was
	    linked to a process, and the trace port terminated
	    abnormally while handling a trace message. This bug has
	    always existed in the runtime system with SMP support.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-12901</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Instead of aborting, the vm now creates a crash dump when
	    a system process is terminated.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-12934</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Fixed a rare emulator dead lock that occurred when
	    erlang:process_flag(priority,...) was called by a process
	    that was also scheduled for an internal system activity.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-12943</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    The runtime system on various posix platforms (except for
	    Linux and Solaris) could crash when large amounts of
	    file-descriptors were in use.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-12954</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    A beam file compiled by hipe for an incompatible runtime
	    system was sometimes not rejected by the loader, which
	    could lead to vm crash. This fix will also allow the same
	    hipe compiler to be used by both normal and debug-built
	    vm.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-12962</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Fix bug in <c>maps:merge/2</c> when called by hipe
	    compiled code that could cause vm crash. Bug exists since
	    erts-7.0 (OTP 18.0).</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-12965</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    When tracing with <c>process_dump</c> option, the VM
	    could abort if there was an ongoing binary match
	    somewhere in the call stack of the traced process.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-12968</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Fixed possible output deadlock in tty driver when hitting
	    "CTRL-C" in a non-smp emulator shell on unix.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-12987 Aux Id: Seq12947 </p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Fix <c>binary_to_integer</c> to throw badarg for "+" and
	    "-" similar to <c>list_to_integer</c>.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-12988</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Suppress warning of unused argument when using macro
	    enif_make_pid.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-12989</p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>


    <section><title>Improvements and New Features</title>
      <list>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Changed default clock source used for OS system time on
	    MacOS X to <c>gettimeofday()</c> in order to improve
	    performance. The system can be configured during build to
	    use the previously used higher resolution clock source by
	    passing the switch <seealso
	    marker="doc/installation_guide:INSTALL#Advanced-configuration-and-build-of-ErlangOTP_Configuring"><c>--with-clock-resolution=high</c></seealso>
	    when configuring the build.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-12945 Aux Id: OTP-12892 </p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Added the <c>configure</c> option <seealso
	    marker="doc/installation_guide:INSTALL#Advanced-configuration-and-build-of-ErlangOTP_Configuring"><c>--disable-saved-compile-time</c></seealso>
	    which disables saving of compile date and time in the
	    emulator binary.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-12971</p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>

</section>

<section><title>Erts 7.0.3</title>

    <section><title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
      <list>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Fixed a binary memory leak when printing to shell using
	    the tty driver (i.e. not -oldshell).</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-12941</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Fix a bug where the standard error port sometimes crashes
	    with eagain as the reason.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-12942</p>
        </item>
        <item>
           <p>
	    When tracing with <c>process_dump</c> option, the VM
	    could abort if there was an ongoing binary match
	    somewhere in the call stack of the traced process./</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-12968</p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>

</section>

<section><title>Erts 7.0.2</title>

    <section><title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
      <list>
        <item>
          <p>
	    A process could end up in an inconsistent half exited
	    state in the runtime system without SMP support. This
	    could occur if the processes was traced by a port that it
	    also was linked to, and the port terminated abnormally
	    while handling a trace message for the process.</p>
          <p>
	    This bug has always existed in the runtime system without
	    SMP support, but never in the runtime system with SMP
	    support.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-12889 Aux Id: seq12885 </p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Removed unnecessary copying of data when retrieving
	    corrected Erlang monotonic time.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-12894</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Changed default OS monotonic clock source chosen at build
	    time. This in order to improve performance. The behavior
	    will now on most systems be that (both OS and Erlang)
	    monotonic time stops when the system is suspended.</p>
          <p>
	    If you prefer that monotonic time elapse during suspend
	    of the machine, you can pass the command line argument
	    <c>--enable-prefer-elapsed-monotonic-time-during-suspend</c>
	    to <c>configure</c> when building Erlang/OTP. The
	    configuration stage will try to find such a clock source,
	    but might not be able to find it. Note that there might
	    be a performance penalty associated with such a clock
	    source.</p>
          <p>
	    *** POTENTIAL INCOMPATIBILITY ***</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-12895</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    <c>erlang:system_info(end_time)</c> returned a faulty
	    value on 32-bit architectures.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-12896</p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>


    <section><title>Improvements and New Features</title>
      <list>
        <item>
          <p>
	    The <c>configure</c> command line argument
	    <c>--enable-gettimeofday-as-os-system-time</c> has been
	    added which force usage of <c>gettimeofday()</c> for OS
	    system time. This will improve performance of
	    <c>os:system_time()</c> and <c>os:timestamp()</c> on
	    MacOS X, at the expense of worse accuracy, resolution and
	    precision of Erlang monotonic time, Erlang system time,
	    and OS system time.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-12892</p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>

</section>

<section><title>Erts 7.0.1</title>

    <section><title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
      <list>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Fix a rare hanging of the VM seen to happen just after
	    emulator start. Bug exists since R14.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-12859 Aux Id: seq12882 </p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>

</section>

<section><title>Erts 7.0</title>

    <section><title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
      <list>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Fix issuing with spaces and quoting in the arguments when
	    using erlang:open_port spawn_executable on windows. The
	    behavior now mimics how unix works. This change implies a
	    backwards incompatibility for how spawn_executable works
	    on windows.</p>
          <p>
	    *** POTENTIAL INCOMPATIBILITY ***</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-11905</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Fix global call trace when hipe compiled code call beam
	    compiled functions. Tracing of beam functions should now
	    alway work regardless who the caller is.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-11939</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Correct cache alignment for ETS <c>write_concurrency</c>
	    locks to improve performance by reduced false sharing.
	    May increase memory footprint for tables with
	    <c>write_concurrency</c>.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-11974</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    All possibly blocking operations in the fd/spawn and
	    terminal driver have been converted to non-blocking
	    operations. Before this fix it was possible for the VM to
	    be blocked for a long time if the entity consuming
	    stdout/stderr did not consume it fast enough.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-12239</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Add missing overhead for offheap binaries created from
	    external format. This fix can improve the garbage
	    collection of large binaries originating from
	    <c>binary_to_term</c> or messages from remote nodes.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-12554</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Ensure hashing of zero is consistent</p>
	    <p> Erlang treats positive and negative zero as
	    equal:</p> 
          <p>
	    <c>true = 0.0 =:= 0.0/-1</c></p>
	    <p>However, Erlangs hash functions: hash, phash and
	    phash2 did not reflect this behaviour. The hash values
	    produced by the different hash functions would not be
	    identical for positive and negative zero.</p> <p>This
	    change ensures that hash value of positive zero is always
	    produced regardless of the signedness of the zero float,
	    i.e.,</p>
          <p>
	    <c>true = erlang:phash2(0.0) =:=
	    erlang:phash2(0.0/-1)</c></p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-12641</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Ensure NIF term creation disallows illegal floating point
	    values and too long atoms. Such values will cause a NIF
	    to throw badarg exception when it returns.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-12655</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Fixed building of Map results from match_specs</p>
          <p>
	    A faulty "box-value" entered into the heap which could
	    cause a segmentation fault in the garbage collector if it
	    was written on a heap fragment.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-12656</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Fix hipe bug when matching a "writable" binary. The bug
	    has been seen to sometimes cause a failed binary matching
	    of a correct utf8 character, but other symptoms are also
	    possible.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-12667</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Keep dirty schedulers from waking other schedulers.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-12685</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Disable floating point exceptions if the VM is compiled
	    by clang/llvm. This is a known long-standing problem in
	    clang/llvm.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-12717</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Fix bug in <c>file:sendfile</c> for FreeBSD causing not
	    the entire file to be sent.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-12720</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Fix the broken Android support in erl_child_setup.c</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-12751</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Faulty statistics reported by the <c>fix_alloc</c>
	    allocator.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-12766</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Fix two erts_snprintf() calls to correct sizes.</p>
          <p>
	    - run_erl.c (ose): Use the size of the signal type, not
	    its pointer. - erl_node_tables.c: Use the size of the
	    _BUFFER in erts_snprintf() to make sure we can use the
	    full space.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-12771</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Delayed memory allocations could be delayed an
	    unnecessarily long time.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-12812</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Make sure that timeouts on a pool of acceptors are
	    released in the correct order.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-12817</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Fix segmentation fault in module_info for deleted modules</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-12820</p>
        </item>
        <item>
	    <p>Fix garbage collection of literals in code purge</p>
	    <p>During code purging and check_process_code, the
	    checking of the binary reference embedded in the match
	    binary state was omitted for the tracing tests. This
	    would cause the binary match state to reference
	    deallocated memory.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-12821</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    A bug has been corrected for gen_tcp:close so when
	    {linger,{true,0}} is in effect it does not wait for data
	    in the driver queue to transfer out before closing the
	    port. Bug fix by Rory Byrne.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-12840</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    The documentation of the driver callback <seealso
	    marker="driver_entry#start"><c>start()</c></seealso>
	    erroneously stated that a return value of
	    <c>ERL_DRV_ERROR_ERRNO</c> caused the error value to be
	    passed via <c>erl_errno</c> when it should have been
	    <c>errno</c>.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-12855</p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>


    <section><title>Improvements and New Features</title>
      <list>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Add <c>md5</c> and <c>module</c> entries to
	    <c>?MODULE:module_info/0/1</c> and remove obsolete entry
	    'import'.</p>
          <p>
	    *** POTENTIAL INCOMPATIBILITY ***</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-11940</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Debug function <c>erlang:display/1</c> shows content of
	    binaries and bitstrings, not only the length.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-11941</p>
        </item>
        <item>
	    <p>The time functionality of Erlang has been extended.
	    This both includes a <seealso
	    marker="time_correction#The_New_Time_API">new
	    API</seealso> for time, as well as <seealso
	    marker="time_correction#Time_Warp_Modes">time warp
	    modes</seealso> which alters the behavior of the system
	    when system time changes. <em>You are strongly encouraged
	    to use the new API</em> instead of the old API based on
	    <seealso
	    marker="erlang#now/0"><c>erlang:now/0</c></seealso>.
	    <c>erlang:now/0</c> has been deprecated since it is and
	    forever will be a scalability bottleneck. For more
	    information see the <seealso
	    marker="time_correction">Time and Time
	    Correction</seealso> chapter of the ERTS User's
	    Guide.</p>
	    <p>Besides the API changes and time warp modes a lot of
	    scalability and performance improvements regarding time
	    management has been made internally in the runtime
	    system. Examples of such improvements are scheduler
	    specific timer wheels, scheduler specific BIF timer
	    management, parallel retrieval of monotonic time and
	    system time on systems with primitives that are not
	    buggy.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-11997</p>
        </item>
        <item>
	    <p><c>erlang:function_exported(M, F, A)</c> will now
	    return <c>true</c> if <c>M:F/A</c> refers to a BIF.</p>
          <p>
	    *** POTENTIAL INCOMPATIBILITY ***</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-12099</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    New BIF: <c>erlang:get_keys/0</c>, lists all keys
	    associated with the process dictionary. Note:
	    <c>erlang:get_keys/0</c> is auto-imported.</p>
          <p>
	    *** POTENTIAL INCOMPATIBILITY ***</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-12151 Aux Id: seq12521 </p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Make distributed send of large messages yield to improve
	    real-time characteristics.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-12232</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Use high accuracy poll timeouts</p>
          <p>
	    Where available, use poll/select API's that can handle
	    time resolutions less than 1ms. In the cases where such
	    API's are not available the timeout is rounded up to the
	    nearest ms.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-12236</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    The internal group to user_drv protocol has been changed
	    to be synchronous in order to guarantee that output sent
	    to a process implementing the user_drv protocol is
	    printed before replying. This protocol is used by the
	    standard_output device and the ssh application when
	    acting as a client. </p>
          <p>
	    This change changes the previous unlimited buffer when
	    printing to standard_io and other devices that end up in
	    user_drv to 1KB.</p>
          <p>
	    *** POTENTIAL INCOMPATIBILITY ***</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-12240</p>
        </item>
        <item>
	    <p>The previously introduced "eager check I/O" feature is
	    now enabled by default.</p>
	    <p>Eager check I/O can be disabled using the <c>erl</c>
	    command line argument: <seealso
	    marker="erl#+secio"><c>+secio false</c></seealso></p>
	    <p>Characteristics impact compared to previous
	    default:</p> <list> <item>Lower latency and smoother
	    management of externally triggered I/O operations.</item>
	    <item>A slightly reduced priority of externally triggered
	    I/O operations.</item> </list>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-12254 Aux Id: OTP-12117 </p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Properly support maps in match_specs</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-12270</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    The notice that a crashdump has been written has been
	    moved to be printed before the crashdump is generated
	    instead of afterwords. The wording of the notice has also
	    been changed.</p>
          <p>
	    *** POTENTIAL INCOMPATIBILITY ***</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-12292</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    New function <c>ets:take/2</c>. Works the same as
	    <c>ets:delete/2</c> but also returns the deleted
	    object(s).</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-12309</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Tracing with cpu_timestamp option has been enabled on
	    Linux.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-12366</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    ets:info/1,2 now contains information about whether
	    write_concurrency or read_concurrency is enabled.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-12376</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Improved usage of <c>gcc</c>'s builtins for atomic memory
	    access. These are used when no other implementation of
	    atomic memory operations is available. For example, when
	    compiling for ARM when <c>libatomic_ops</c> is not
	    available.</p>
          <p>
	    The largest improvement will be seen when compiling with
	    a <c>gcc</c> with support for the <c>__atomic_*</c>
	    builtins (using a <c>gcc</c> of at least version 4.7),
	    but also when only the legacy <c>__sync_*</c> builtins
	    are available (using a <c>gcc</c> of at least version
	    4.1) an improvement can be seen.</p>
          <p>
	    For more information see the "<seealso
	    marker="doc/installation_guide:INSTALL#Advanced-configuration-and-build-of-ErlangOTP_Configuring_Atomic-Memory-Operations-and-the-VM">Atomic
	    Memory Operations and the VM</seealso>" section of
	    <c>$ERL_TOP/HOWTO/INSTALL.md</c>.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-12383</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Introduce <c>math:log2/1</c> function to math module.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-12411</p>
        </item>
        <item>
	    <p>The documentation of the Abstract Format (in the ERTS
	    User's Guide) has been updated with types and
	    specification. (Thanks to Anthony Ramine.) </p> <p> The
	    explicit representation of parentheses used in types of
	    the abstract format has been removed. Instead the new
	    functions <c>erl_parse:type_inop_prec()</c> and
	    <c>erl_parse:type_preop_prec()</c> can be used for
	    inserting parentheses where needed. </p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-12492</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Remove perfctr support</p>
          <p>
	    Development of perfctr in the linux kernel ceased in
	    2010. The perfctr support code in the Erlang VM is thus
	    effectively dead code and therefor removed.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-12508</p>
        </item>
        <item>
	    <p><c>zlib:inflateChunk/2</c> has been added. It works
	    like <c>zlib:inflate/2</c>, but decompresses no more data
	    than will fit in the buffer configured by
	    <c>zlib:setBufSize/2</c>.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-12548</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Use linear search for small select_val arrays</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-12555</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    New BIF ets:update_counter/4 with a default object as
	    argument, which will be inserted in the table if the key
	    was not found.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-12563</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Export missing types from zlib module</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-12584</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Use persistent hashmaps for large Maps</p>
          <p>Maps will use a
	    persistent hashmap implementation when the number of
	    pairs in a Map becomes sufficiently large. The change
	    will occur when a Map reaches 33 pairs in size but this
	    limit might change in the future.</p>
          <p>The most significant impact for the user by this
	    change is speed, and to a lesser degree memory
	    consumption and introspection of Maps. Memory consumption
	    size is probalistic but lesser than <c>gb_trees</c> or
	    <c>dict</c> for instance. Any other impacts will be
	    transparent for the user except for the following
	    changes.</p>
          <p>Semantics of Maps have changed in two incompatible
	    ways compared to the experimental implementation in OTP
	    17:</p> <list> <item>Hashing of maps is done different by
	    <c>erlang:phash2/1,2</c>, <c>erlang:phash/1</c> and
	    <c>erlang:hash/2</c>.</item> <item>Comparing two maps
	    with ==, /=, =&lt;, &lt;, &gt;= and &gt;, is done
	    different if the keys contain floating point
	    numbers.</item> </list>
          <p>
	    *** POTENTIAL INCOMPATIBILITY ***</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-12585</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Scalability improvement for <seealso
	    marker="erlang#make_ref/0">erlang:make_ref/0</seealso>,
	    and other functionality that create references. Each
	    scheduler now manage its own set of references. By this
	    no communication at all is needed when creating
	    references.</p>
          <p>
	    Previous implementation generated a strictly
	    monotonically increasing sequence of references
	    corresponding to creation time on the runtime system
	    instance. This is <em>not</em> the case with current
	    implementation. You can only expect reference to be
	    unique. The Erlang/OTP documentation has never mentioned
	    anything else but the uniqueness property, so this change
	    <em>is</em> fully compatible. The only reason we've
	    marked this as a potential incompatibility is since an
	    early draft for an Erlang specification mentions strict
	    monotonicity as a property.</p>
          <p>
	    If you need to create data with a strict monotonicity
	    property use <seealso
	    marker="erlang#unique_integer/1">erlang:unique_integer([monotonic])</seealso>.
	    Do <em>not</em> use the deprecated <seealso
	    marker="erlang#now/0">erlang:now()</seealso>.</p>
          <p>
	    *** POTENTIAL INCOMPATIBILITY ***</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-12610</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Enable different abort signal from heart</p>
	    <p>By using environment variable HEART_KILL_SIGNAL, heart
	    can now use a different signal to kill the old running
	    Erlang.</p>
	    <p>By default the signal is SIGKILL but SIGABRT may also
	    be used by setting environment variable:
	    HEART_KILL_SIGNAL=SIGABRT</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-12613 Aux Id: seq12826 </p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Update autconf to latest version 2015-03-04</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-12646</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Optimization of timers internally in the VM. This include
	    process timers (<c>receive ... after</c>), port timers
	    (<c>driver_set_timer()</c>) as well as BIF timers
	    (<c>erlang:send_after()</c>/<c>erlang:start_timer()</c>).</p>
          <p>
	    Each scheduler thread now has its own lock-free timer
	    service instead of one locked central service. This
	    dramatically improves performance of timer management on
	    systems with a large amount of schedulers and timers.</p>
          <p>
	    The timer service internal data structure has also been
	    optimized to be able to handle more timers than before.
	    That is, each timer service is by its self able to handle
	    more timers without dramatic performance loss than the
	    old centralized timer service.</p>
          <p>
	    The API of BIF timers has also been extended. Timeout
	    values are for example no longer limited to 32-bit
	    integers. For more information see the documentation of
	    <seealso
	    marker="erlang#start_timer/4"><c>erlang:start_timer/4</c></seealso>,
	    <seealso
	    marker="erlang#send_after/4"><c>erlang:send_after/4</c></seealso>,
	    <seealso
	    marker="erlang#cancel_timer/2"><c>erlang:cancel_timer/2</c></seealso>,
	    and <seealso
	    marker="erlang#read_timer/2"><c>erlang:read_timer/2</c></seealso>.</p>
          <p>
	    Characteristics impact: Calls to the synchronous versions
	    of <c>erlang:cancel_timer()</c>, and
	    <c>erlang:read_timer()</c> may take substantially longer
	    time to complete than before. This occur when the timer
	    that is accessed is managed by a remote scheduler. You
	    typically want to use the new asynchronous option in
	    order to avoid blocking the calling process.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-12650 Aux Id: OTP-11997 </p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Specialize instructions from common assembler patterns</p>
	    <p>Specialize common instructions of <c>rem</c>,
	    <c>band</c>, <c>minus</c> and <c>plus</c> in the beam
	    loader. This will reduce the number of fetches and thus
	    lessen the instruction dispatch pressure during runtime
	    and speed up those operations in some common cases.</p>
	    <p>Specialize move patterns from x-registers to the stack
	    with a new <c>move_window</c> instruction. This change
	    will reduce instruction dispatch pressure.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-12690</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Fix cross compilation for Android.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-12693</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Fix incorrect use of autoconf macro AC_EGREP_CPP, which
	    could cause faulty configuration if run from a path
	    containing the string 'yes'.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-12706</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Minimal Java version is now 1.6</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-12715</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Send format and args on process exit to error_logger</p>
          <p>
	    Previously, the emulator would generate a whole string
	    with values and call the error_logger passing
	    <c>"~s~n"</c>. This changes it to a format string
	    containing <c>~p</c> with the respective values as
	    arguments.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-12735</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Map error logger warnings to warning messages by default.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-12755</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Configure architecture ppc64le architecture as a ppc64</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-12761</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Add function <c>enif_raise_exception</c> to allow a NIF
	    to raise an error exception with any type of reason.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-12770</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Optimized node table statistics retrieval.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-12777</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Map beam error logger warnings to warning messages by
	    default. Previously these messages were mapped to the
	    error channel by default.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-12781</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    gen_tcp:shutdown/2 is now asynchronous</p>
          <p>
	    This solves the following problems with the old
	    implementation:</p>
          <p>
	    It doesn't block when the TCP peer is idle or slow. This
	    is the expected behaviour when shutdown() is called: the
	    caller needs to be able to continue reading from the
	    socket, not be prevented from doing so.</p>
          <p>
	    It doesn't truncate the output. The current version of
	    gen_tcp:shutdown/2 will truncate any outbound data in the
	    driver queue after about 10 seconds if the TCP peer is
	    idle of slow. Worse yet, it doesn't even inform anyone
	    that the data has been truncated: 'ok' is returned to the
	    caller; and a FIN rather than an RST is sent to the TCP
	    peer.</p>
          <p>
	    *** POTENTIAL INCOMPATIBILITY ***</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-12797</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Introduced delayed node table GC. This in order to avoid
	    oscillation of entries in and out of the tables. The
	    oscillation caused unnecessary lock contention on the
	    table locks. The delay length can be set by passing the
	    <seealso marker="erl#+zdntgc"><c>+zdntgc</c></seealso>
	    command line argument.</p>
          <p>
	    Characteristics impact: The tables can grow to very large
	    sizes with unused entries if the node is get huge amounts
	    of short lived connections from other nodes. This problem
	    can be alleviated by shortening the length of the delay
	    using the <c>+zdntgc</c> command line argument.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-12802</p>
        </item>
        <item>
	    <p>Improved implementation of <seealso
	    marker="erlang#statistics/1"><c>erlang:statistics</c></seealso><c>(io)</c>
	    in order to reduce contention between schedulers.</p>
	    <p>Characteristics impact: The actual call to
	    <c>erlang:statistics(io)</c> takes longer time to
	    complete, but the overall impact on the system is
	    improved.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-12842</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    There are many cases where user code needs to be able to
	    distinguish between a socket that was closed normally and
	    one that was aborted. Setting the option
	    {show_econnreset, true} enables the user to receive
	    ECONNRESET errors on both active and passive sockets.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-12843</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Do not preallocate too large event pool</p>
          <p>
	    A default pool size of 4000 is too excessive for the
	    common case. This corresponds directly to the number of
	    threads in the system. Change
	    ERTS_TS_EV_ALLOC_DEFAULT_POOL_SIZE to 2048. Change
	    ERTS_TS_EV_ALLOC_POOL_SIZE to 32.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-12849</p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>

</section>

<section><title>Erts 6.4.1.5</title>

    <section><title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
      <list>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Fixed a bug that could cause a crash dump to become
	    almost empty.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-13150</p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>

</section>

<section><title>Erts 6.4.1.4</title>

    <section><title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
      <list>
        <item>
          <p>
	    The 'raw' socket option could not be used multiple times
	    in one call to any e.g gen_tcp function because only one
	    of the occurrences were used. This bug has been fixed,
	    and also a small bug concerning propagating error codes
	    from within inet:setopts/2.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-11482 Aux Id: seq12872 </p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>

</section>


<section><title>Erts 6.4.1</title>

    <section><title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
      <list>
        <item>
          <p>
	    The VTS mode in Common Test has been modified to use a
	    private version of the Webtool application (ct_webtool).</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-12704 Aux Id: OTP-10922 </p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>

</section>

<section><title>Erts 6.4</title>

    <section><title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
      <list>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Fix missing quotation in the <c>LM_FIND_EMU_CC</c>
	    <c>autoconf</c> macro which could cause build failures.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-12388</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Fix erroneous printout of monitors in crashdump file.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-12537</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    The runtime system without SMP support could crash in the
	    BIF <c>port_control/3</c> if the port that was being
	    accessed died during the call to the BIF.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-12544 Aux Id: Seq12777 </p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Avoid corrupt oversized integer to be created from binary
	    matching. Instead throw system_limit exception which is
	    the correct behavior. A peculiar symptom of this bug was
	    that bitwise operations (band, bor, bxor) on such
	    oversized integers could return the empty list [].
	    Credit: Mikael Pettersson, Nico Kruber</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-12556</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    A race condition when calling <c>port_info/1</c> could
	    cause a memory fault has been fixed.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-12587</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Fix comparison of exact terms. An overflow that could
	    cause faulty comparisons has been fixed. Comparison of
	    exact terms is exclusively used within Maps.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-12623</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Fix bug in <c>list_to_integer/1</c> for very long lists
	    that could cause VM crash.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-12624</p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>


    <section><title>Improvements and New Features</title>
      <list>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Introduced a runtime system internal 64-bit API for
	    atomic memory operations.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-12351</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Add command line argument option for the initial size of
	    process dictionaries.</p>
          <p>
	    Use '+hpds &lt;size&gt;' to set initial process
	    dictionary size for spawned processes.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-12535 Aux Id: seq12809 </p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Fix documentation on $char for Unicode</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-12545</p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>

</section>

<section><title>Erts 6.3.1</title>

    <section><title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
      <list>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Fix getifaddrs realloc pointer error</p>
          <p>
	    When a buffer was exhausted and subsequently reallocated,
	    we could get an unsafe pointer pointing to faulty memory.</p>
          <p>
	    For this to occur we would need to have a large number of
	    interfaces and a reallocation of memory to a lower
	    addresses.</p>
          <p>
	    The symptom would be garbage returned from
	    erlang:port_control(Port, 25, [])
	    (prim_inet:getifaddrs(Port) resulting in a badarg) or a
	    segmentation fault.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-12445</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Don't close all file descriptors twice in child_setup</p>
          <p>
	    The commit c2b4eab25c907f453a394d382c04cd04e6c06b49
	    introduced an error in which child_setup erroneously
	    tried to close all file descriptors twice.</p>
          <p>
	    Use closefrom() if available when closing all file
	    descriptors.</p>
          <p>
	    The function closefrom() was only used in the vfork()
	    case before but is now also used in the fork() case if
	    available.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-12446</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    During a crashdump all file descriptors are closed to
	    ensure the closing of the epmd port and to reserve a file
	    descriptor for the crashdump file.</p>
          <p>
	    If a driver (third party library) cannot handle closing
	    of sockets this could result in a segmentation fault in
	    which case a crashdump would not be produced. This is now
	    fixed by only closing inets sockets via an emergency
	    close callback to the driver and thus closing the epmd
	    socket.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-12447</p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>

</section>

<section><title>Erts 6.3</title>

    <section><title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
      <list>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Fix HiPE debug lock checking on OS X 64bit</p>
          <p>
	    Position-independent code is mandatory on OS X. We use
	    r11 as an intermediate register to fill
	    BIF_P-&gt;hipe.bif_callee. This fixes the following error
	    when doing `make debug FLAVOR=smp`:</p>
          <p>
	    clang -cc1as: fatal error: error in backend: 32-bit
	    absolute addressing is not supported in 64-bit mode</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-12188</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Fix race bug that could cause VM crash in
	    <c>erlang:port_get_data/1</c> if the port was closed by a
	    concurrent process. Also fix fatal bug if
	    <c>port_set_data/2</c> is called with a non-immediate
	    data term. Both bugs exist since R16B01.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-12208</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Correct make variable SSL_DED_LD_RUNTIME_LIBRARY_PATH
	    when erl_xcomp_sysroot ends with a slash.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-12216 Aux Id: seq12700 </p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Fix two cases of unreachable code caused by false use of
	    assigment operators.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-12222</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Fix bug when hipe compiled code makes tail call to a BIF
	    that disables GC while trapping (sush as binary_to_list,
	    list_to_binary, binary_to_term, term_to_binary).</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-12231</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Fix bug when a migrated empty memory carrier is reused
	    just before it should be destroyed by the thread that
	    created it.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-12249</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Prevents compile-time errors in NIFs, when the compiler
	    is instructed to treat missing field initializers as
	    errors, by adding an initializer for the new options
	    field which was added to ErlNifEntry for 17.3.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-12266</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Fixed CPU topology detection on FreeBSD systems where
	    Erlang/OTP is compiled by new C compilers (including, but
	    possibly not limited to, gcc 4.9 and clang).</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-12267</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Use C99 function isfinite() instead of finite() when
	    available on non GCC compilers.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-12268</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Fix bug on windows where an incorrect number of links
	    could be returned when doing file:read_file_info on a
	    directory.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-12269</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Fix rare bug when purging module on VM started with
	    +Meamin.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-12273</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Repair run_erl terminal window size adjustment sent from
	    to_erl. This was broken in OTP 17.0 which could lead to
	    strange cursor behaviour in the to_erl shell.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-12275 Aux Id: seq12739 </p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Fixed bug on windows causing gen_tcp/udp to return an
	    error when given an fd to work with.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-12289</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Fix various internal erts issues where negating a signed
	    integer in C would trigger undefined behavior. This fixes
	    issues when dividing with bignums and list_to_integer.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-12290</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    When flushing output to stdout on windows, the emulator
	    could sometimes hang indefinitely waiting for the flush
	    to complete. This has been fixed.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-12291</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Fix so that non-smp emulators with dirty scheduler
	    support shows the correct number of dirty schedulers when
	    calling erlang:system_info(system_version).</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-12295</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Add <c>nif_version</c> to <c>erlang:system_info/1</c> in
	    order to get the NIF API version of the runtime system in
	    a way similar to <c>driver_version</c>.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-12298</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Fix bug that could cause the return value from dirty NIF
	    with zero arity to be treated as garbage, leading to VM
	    crash.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-12300</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Improve allocation carrier migration search logic. This
	    will reduce the risk of failed migrations that could lead
	    to excess memory consumption. It will also improve smp
	    performance due to reduced memory contention on the
	    migration pool.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-12323</p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>


    <section><title>Improvements and New Features</title>
      <list>
        <item>
	    <p>Introduced support for eager check I/O.</p>
	    <p>By default eager check I/O will be disabled, but this
	    will most likely be changed in OTP 18. When eager check
	    I/O is enabled, schedulers will more frequently check for
	    I/O work. Outstanding I/O operations will however not be
	    prioritized to the same extent as when eager check I/O is
	    disabled.</p>
	    <p>Eager check I/O can be enabled using the <c>erl</c>
	    command line argument: <seealso
	    marker="erl#+secio"><c>+secio true</c></seealso></p>
	    <p>Characteristics impact when enabled:</p> <list>
	    <item>Lower latency and smoother management of externally
	    triggered I/O operations.</item> <item>A slightly reduced
	    priority of externally triggered I/O operations.</item>
	    </list>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-12117</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Fix erts .app-file</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-12189</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Add configure option --with-ssl-incl=PATH to support
	    OpenSSL installations with headers and libraries at
	    different places.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-12215 Aux Id: seq12700 </p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Optimization of atomic memory operations with release
	    barrier semantics on 32-bit PowerPC when using the
	    implementation included in OTP.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-12250</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Minor adjustment of scheduler activation code making sure
	    that an activation of a scheduler is not prevented by its
	    run-queue being non-empty. (Thanks to Songlu Cai)</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-12287</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Improved support for atomic memory operations provided by
	    the <url
	    href="https://github.com/ivmai/libatomic_ops/">libatomic_ops</url>
	    library. Most importantly support for use of native
	    double word atomics when implemented by
	    <c>libatomic_ops</c> (for example, implemented for ARM).</p>
          <p>
	    The <seealso
	    marker="doc/installation_guide:INSTALL#Advanced-configuration-and-build-of-ErlangOTP_Configuring_Atomic-Memory-Operations-and-the-VM"><c>$ERL_TOP/HOWTO/INSTALL.md</c></seealso>
	    document now also more clearly describes when you want to
	    build together with a <c>libatomic_ops</c> installation.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-12302</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Add configure option --with-ssl-rpath to control which
	    runtime library path to use for dynamic linkage toward
	    OpenSSL.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-12316 Aux Id: seq12753 </p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Added systemd notify support to epmd</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-12321</p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>

</section>

<section><title>Erts 6.2.1</title>

    <section><title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
      <list>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Fix bug when an migrated empty memory carrier is reused
	    just before it should be destroyed by the thread that
	    created it.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-12249</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Repair run_erl terminal window size adjustment sent from
	    to_erl. This was broken in OTP 17.0 which could lead to
	    strange cursor behaviour in the to_erl shell.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-12275 Aux Id: seq12739 </p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>

</section>

<section><title>Erts 6.2</title>

    <section><title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
      <list>
        <item>
          <p>
	    General documentation updates.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-12052</p>
        </item>
        <item>
	    <p>A bug in the VM code implementing sending of signals
	    to ports could cause the receiving port queue to remain
	    in a busy state forever. When this state had been
	    reached, processes sending command signals to the port
	    either got suspended forever, or, if the <c>nosuspend</c>
	    feature was used, always failed to send to the port. This
	    bug was introduced in ERTS version 5.10.</p>
	    <p>In order for this bug to be triggered on a port, one
	    had to at least once utilize the <c>nosuspend</c>
	    functionality when passing a signal to the port. This by
	    either calling</p> <list> <item> <seealso
	    marker="erlang#port_command/3"><c>port_command(Port,
	    Data, [nosuspend | Options])</c></seealso>, </item>
	    <item> <seealso
	    marker="erlang#send/3"><c>erlang:send(Port, {PortOwner,
	    {command, Data}}, [nosuspend | Options])</c></seealso>,
	    </item> <item> <seealso
	    marker="erlang#send_nosuspend/2"><c>erlang:send_nosuspend(Port,
	    {PortOwner, {command, Data}})</c></seealso>, or </item>
	    <item> <seealso
	    marker="erlang#send_nosuspend/3"><c>erlang:send_nosuspend(Port,
	    {PortOwner, {command, Data}}, Options)</c></seealso>.
	    </item> </list>
	    <p>Thanks Vasily Demidenok for reporting the issue, and
	    Sergey Kudryashov for providing a testcase.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-12082 Aux Id: OTP-10336 </p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Fix size overflow bug at memory allocation. A memory
	    allocation call, with an insane size close to the entire
	    address space, could return successfully as if it had
	    allocated just a few bytes. (Thanks to Don A. Bailey for
	    reporting)</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-12091</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Fix various issues where negating a signed integer would
	    trigger undefined behaviour. This fixes issues in the
	    enif_make_int64 interface and some edge cases inside the
	    erlang runtime system.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-12097</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    The documentation erroneously listed the <seealso
	    marker="erl#+swct"><c>+swct</c></seealso> command line
	    argument under <c>+sws</c>.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-12102 Aux Id: OTP-10994 </p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Profiling messages could be delivered out of order when
	    profiling on <c>runnable_procs</c> and/or
	    <c>runnable_ports</c> using <seealso
	    marker="erlang#system_profile/2"><c>erlang:system_profile/2</c></seealso>.
	    This bug was introduced in ERTS version 5.10.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-12105 Aux Id: OTP-10336 </p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Various logging fixes, including: Add run queue index to
	    the process dump in crash dumps.<br/> Add thread index to
	    enomem slogan when crashing.<br/> Remove error logger
	    message for sending messages to old instances of the same
	    node.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-12115</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Fix compiler warnings reported by LLVM</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-12138</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Correct conversion of <c>MIN_SMALL</c> by
	    <c>list_to_integer/1</c> and <c>binary_to_integer/1</c>.
	    The bug produced an unnormalized bignum which can cause
	    strange behavior such as comparing different to a correct
	    <c>MIN_SMALL</c> integer. The value <c>MIN_SMALL</c> is
	    <c>-(1 bsl 27) = -134217728</c> on a 32-bit VM and <c>-(1
	    bsl 59) = -576460752303423488</c> on a 64-bit VM. (Thanks
	    to Jesper Louis Andersen, Mikael Pettersson and Anthony
	    Ramine for report, patch and optimization suggestion)</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-12140</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Fix bug in <c>term_to_binary</c> that reallocates binary
	    with inconsistent size information. Bug has never been
	    confirmed to be the cause of any faulty behavior.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-12141</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Real_path method used while prim loading archive files
	    was not taking into account the fact that windows
	    directory symlinks can be across different drives.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-12155</p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>


    <section><title>Improvements and New Features</title>
      <list>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Add log2 histogram to lcnt for lock wait time</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-12059</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Introduced <seealso
	    marker="erl_nif#enif_schedule_nif"><c>enif_schedule_nif()</c></seealso>
	    to the NIF API.</p>
          <p>
	    The <c>enif_schedule_nif()</c> function allows a
	    long-running NIF to be broken into separate NIF
	    invocations without the help of a wrapper function
	    written in Erlang. The NIF first executes part of the
	    long-running task, then calls <c>enif_schedule_nif()</c>
	    to schedule a NIF for later execution to continue the
	    task. Any number of NIFs can be scheduled in this manner,
	    one after another. Since the emulator regains control
	    between invocations, this helps avoid problems caused by
	    native code tying up scheduler threads for too long.</p>
          <p>
	    The <c>enif_schedule_nif()</c> function also replaces the
	    <c>enif_schedule_dirty_nif()</c> in the experimental
	    dirty NIF API. Note that the only incompatible changes
	    made are in the experimental dirty NIF API.</p>
          <p>
	    See the <seealso marker="erl_nif">NIF
	    documentation</seealso> for more information.</p>
          <p>
	    Thanks to Steve Vinoski.</p>
          <p>
	    *** POTENTIAL INCOMPATIBILITY ***</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-12128</p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>

</section>

<section><title>Erts 6.1.2</title>

    <section><title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
      <list>
        <item>
          <p>
	    OTP-11850 fixed filelib:wildcard/1 to work with broken
	    symlinks. This correction, however, introduced problems
	    since symlinks were no longer followed for functions like
	    filelib:ensure_dir/1, filelib:is_dir/1,
	    filelib:file_size/1, etc. This is now corrected.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-12054 Aux Id: seq12660 </p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>

</section>

<section><title>Erts 6.1.1</title>

    <section><title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
      <list>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Fixed ETHR_FORCE_INLINE which caused the build to break
	    on some platforms without adequate thread support
	    (VxWorks).</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-12010</p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>

</section>

<section><title>Erts 6.1</title>

    <section><title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
      <list>
        <item>
	    <p>The documentation for <c>spawn_opt/5</c> now has a
	    note mentioning that the <c>monitor</c> option is not
	    supported.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-11849</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Fix broken system monitoring of <c>large_heap</c> for
	    non-smp VM. No message for <c>large_heap</c> was ever
	    sent on non-smp VM. Bug exist since R16B.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-11852</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    The emulator without SMP support crashed when passing a
	    message to a process without enough heap space for the
	    message. This bug was introduced in <c>erts-6.0</c>.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-11887 Aux Id: OTP-11388 </p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Fix race between ETS table deletion and unfixation that
	    could cause VM crash. The race could happen between a
	    terminating process that does not own the table but has a
	    fixation on it and another process that deletes the table
	    (maybe the owner terminating) at the same time. Bug
	    existed since R15B02.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-11892</p>
        </item>
        <item>
	    <p>The string following the <c>-eval</c> option when
	    invoking <c>erl</c> would not be properly translated from
	    UTF-8 to a list of Unicode characters (as would the
	    arguments for <c>-run</c>).</p>
	    <p>That bug would cause the build of Erlang/OTP to fail
	    when building in a directory whose pathname contained
	    non-US ASCII characters encoded in UTF-8. (Thanks to Eric
	    Pailleau for reporting this bug.)</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-11916</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Fix erts_debug:size/1 to handle Map sizes</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-11923</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Removed <c>erlang:bitstr_to_list/1</c> and
	    <c>erlang:list_to_bitstr/1</c>. They were added by
	    mistake, and have always raised an <c>undefined</c>
	    exception when called.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-11942</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Fixed compilation using mingw-w64 on Windows.</p>
          <p>
	    Thanks to Jani Hakala.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-11945</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    The git sha is no longer printed in the shell start
	    header when erlang is built from a tagged git release.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-11961</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Fixed a bug where <c>send</c> trace events were
	    erroneously dropped when the send was done to a
	    registered process. This bug was introduced in R16B.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-11968</p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>


    <section><title>Improvements and New Features</title>
      <list>
        <item>
	    <p>The following native functions now bump an appropriate
	    amount of reductions and yield when out of
	    reductions:</p> <list>
	    <item><c>erlang:binary_to_list/1</c></item>
	    <item><c>erlang:binary_to_list/3</c></item>
	    <item><c>erlang:bitstring_to_list/1</c></item>
	    <item><c>erlang:list_to_binary/1</c></item>
	    <item><c>erlang:iolist_to_binary/1</c></item>
	    <item><c>erlang:list_to_bitstring/1</c></item>
	    <item><c>binary:list_to_bin/1</c></item> </list>
	    <p>Characteristics impact:</p> <taglist>
	    <tag>Performance</tag> <item>The functions converting
	    from lists got a performance loss for very small lists,
	    and a performance gain for very large lists.</item>
	    <tag>Priority</tag> <item>Previously a process executing
	    one of these functions effectively got an unfair priority
	    boost. This priority boost depended on the input size.
	    The larger the input was, the larger the priority boost
	    got. This unfair priority boost is now lost. </item>
	    </taglist>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-11888</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    The systemd features of epmd have been removed from epmd
	    by default. To enable them you have to build erlang with
	    the configure option --enable-systemd.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-11921</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Removed Erlang wrapper code used when calling
	    <c>binary_to_term/1</c>, and <c>binary_to_term/2</c>.
	    This improves the performance of these BIFs especially
	    when they are called with small binaries as input.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-11931</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Add erlang:system_info(tolerant_timeofday), an API to
	    check whether compensation for sudden changes of system
	    time is enabled or not.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-11970</p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>

</section>

<section><title>Erts 6.0.1</title>

    <section><title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
      <list>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Fix broken system monitoring of <c>large_heap</c> for
	    non-smp VM. No message for <c>large_heap</c> was ever
	    sent on non-smp VM. Bug exist since R16B.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-11852</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Fixed type spec of <c>erlang:system_info/1</c>.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-11859 Aux Id: OTP-11615 </p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>

</section>

<section><title>Erts 6.0</title>

    <section><title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
      <list>
        <item>
          <p>
	    The option dupnames did not work as intended in re. When
	    looking for names with {capture, [Name, ...]}, re:run
	    returned a random instance of the match for that name,
	    instead of the leftmost matching instance, which was what
	    the documentation stated. This is now corrected to adhere
	    to the documentation. The option {capture,all_names}
	    along with a re:inspect/2 function is also added to
	    further help in using named subpatterns.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-11205</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Allow loading of NIF library with unicode path name</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-11408</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Allow loading of driver with unicode path name</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-11549</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Fixed a bug where starting Erlang without having an open
	    stdin on fd 0 would sometimes deadlock the emulator when
	    terminating.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-11558</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    The option '-names' in epmd now works on Windows (Thanks
	    to Johannes Weißl)</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-11565</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Correction of the examples in escript documentation.
	    (Thanks to Pierre Fenoll).</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-11577</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Fix bs_get_integer instruction</p>
          <p>
	    The instruction bs_get_integer could unnecessarily
	    trigger a garbage collection in failure cases which is
	    unwanted or outright dangerous.</p>
          <p>
	    Ex:</p>
          <p>
	    &lt;&lt;X:Sz,_/bits&gt;&gt; = &lt;&lt;"some
	    binary"&gt;&gt;</p>
          <p>
	    Previously, if Sz induced X to a bignum it would reserved
	    memory size this on the heap via a garbage collection
	    before checking if the size could actually match.</p>
          <p>
	    It will now check the binary size before triggering a
	    collection.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-11581</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Remove heap space overestimation in <c>binary_to_term</c>
	    (and remote message reception) for integers in the
	    intervals [-2147483648,-1] and [256,2147483647] on 64-bit
	    emulators.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-11585</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Add support for detecting the separate tinfo library from
	    ncurses (Thanks to Dirkjan Ochtman)</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-11590</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Deprecation warning for system_flag(cpu_topology) has
	    been extended for removal in OTP 18 (Thanks to Steve
	    Vinoski for the update)</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-11602</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Documentation improvement regarding some awkward wording
	    around the +spp flag. (Thanks to Brian L. Troutwine )</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-11607</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Fixed bug where sendfile would return the wrong error
	    code for a remotely closed socket if the socket was in
	    passive mode. (Thanks to Vincent Siliakus for reporting
	    the bug.)</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-11614</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Increase garbage collection tenure rate</p>
	    <p>The garbage collector tries to maintain the previous
	    heap block size during a minor gc, i.e. 'need' is not
	    utilized in determining the size of the new heap, instead
	    it relies on tenure and garbage to be sufficiently
	    large.</p>
	    <p>In instances during intense growing with exclusively
	    live data on the heap coupled with delayed tenure,
	    fullsweeps would be triggered directly after a minor gc
	    to make room for 'need' since the new heap would be
	    full.</p>
	    <p>To remedy this, the tenure of terms on the minor heap
	    will always happen (if it is below the high watermark)
	    instead of every other minor gc.</p>
	    <p>Characteristics Impact: Reduced CPU-time spent in
	    garbage collection but may infer delays in collecting
	    garbage from the heap. Tweak 'fullsweep_after' options to
	    increase gc pressure if needed.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-11617</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Fix bug when comparing integers with floats larger than
	    2^992. The bug could potentially cause memory corruption
	    on 32-bit emulators.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-11618</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Cross-compilation fixes for TileraMDE-3.0.1.125620</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-11635</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    sendfile no longer uses async threads by default</p>
          <p>
	    This has been done because a slow client attack is
	    possible if the async thread pool is used. The scenario
	    is:</p>
          <p>
	    Client does a request for a file and then slowly receives
	    the file one byte at a time. This will eventually fill
	    the async thread pool with blocking sendfile operations
	    and thus starving the vm of all file operations.</p>
          <p>
	    If you still want to use the async threads pool for
	    sendfile an option to enable it has been introduced.</p>
          <p>
	    Thanks to Christopher Faulet for identifying this
	    vulnerability.</p>
          <p>
	    *** POTENTIAL INCOMPATIBILITY ***</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-11639</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Do proper rollback of calls to
	    <c>enif_open_resource_type</c> when load/upgrade
	    callbacks of NIF library return failure.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-11722</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Changed the default configuration when configuring with
	    <c>$ERL_TOP/configure</c> to be the same as when
	    configuring with <c>$ERL_TOP/otp_build configure</c>.</p>
          <p>
	    Previously floating point exceptions got enabled by
	    default on Linux when HiPE was enabled when configuring
	    with <c>$ERL_TOP/configure</c>, but not when configuring
	    with <c>$ERL_TOP/otp_build configure</c>. The default is
	    now in both cases not to use floating point exceptions
	    since there still exist unresolved issues with floating
	    point exceptions on Linux.</p>
          <p>
	    For more information see <seealso
	    marker="doc/installation_guide:INSTALL"><c>$ERL_TOP/HOWTO/INSTALL.md</c></seealso>.</p>
          <p>
	    *** POTENTIAL INCOMPATIBILITY ***</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-11723</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    A comment in erl_db_tree.c no longer differ from the
	    code. (Thanks to Cobus Carstens)</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-11793</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Fix epmd debug functionality for VxWorks (Thanks to Jay
	    True)</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-11808</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Use closefrom/2 when available in child_setup (Thanks to
	    Rick Reed and Anthony Ramine)</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-11809</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Fix dtrace/systemtap bug where the probe arguments would
	    be concatenated due to faulty length calculation. </p>
          <p>
	    Thanks to Michal Ptaszek and Scott Lystig Fritchie</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-11816</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    It is now better documented that the <c>+fn*</c> flags to
	    <c>erl</c> also affect how command line parameters and
	    environment variables are read. (Thanks to Vlad
	    Dumitrescu)</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-11818</p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>


    <section><title>Improvements and New Features</title>
      <list>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Options to set match_limit and match_limit_recursion are
	    added to re:run. The option report_errors is also added
	    to get more information when re:run fails due to limits
	    or compilation errors.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-10285</p>
        </item>
        <item>
	    <p> Dialyzer's <c>unmatched_return</c> warnings have been
	    corrected. </p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-10908</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    A common case is to wrap an argument to
	    <c>list_to_binary/1</c> in a list to ensure conversion
	    can happen even though the argument may already be a
	    binary. Take special care of this case and do not copy
	    binary.</p>
          <p>
	    Impact: May cause incompatibility since a single binary
	    is no longer copied. Use <c>binary:copy/1,2</c> instead.</p>
          <p>
	    *** POTENTIAL INCOMPATIBILITY ***</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-11082</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Make erlang:open_port/2 spawn and spawn_executable handle
	    unicode.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-11105</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Handle unicode (widestring) in erl, erlc, heart, etc on
	    windows.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-11135</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    The version of the PCRE library Used by Erlang's re
	    module is raised to 8.33 from 7.6. This means, among
	    other things, better Unicode and Unicode Character
	    Properties support. New options connected to PCRE 8.33
	    are also added to the re module (ucd, notempty_atstart,
	    no_start_optimize). PCRE has extended the regular
	    expression syntax between 7.6 and 8.33, why this imposes
	    a potential incompatibility. Only very complicated
	    regular expressions may be affected, but if you know you
	    are using obscure features, please test run your regular
	    expressions and verify that their behavior has not
	    changed.</p>
          <p>
	    *** POTENTIAL INCOMPATIBILITY ***</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-11204</p>
        </item>
        <item>
	    <p>Filenames containing UTF-8 encoded characters can now
	    be handled by erlc.</p>
	    <p>If you have set the <c>ERLC_EMULATOR</c> environment
	    variable, note that <c>erlc</c> in OTP 17 will only work
	    with <c>erl</c> in OTP 17 since the protocol between the
	    <c>erlc</c> program and the <c>erl_compile</c> module has
	    changed.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-11248</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    By giving --enable-static-{nifs,drivers} to configure it
	    is now possible to statically linking of nifs and drivers
	    to the main Erlang VM binary. At the moment only the asn1
	    and crypto nifs of the Erlang/OTP nifs and drivers have
	    been prepared to be statically linked. For more details
	    see the Installation Guide in the System documentation.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-11258</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Erlang/OTP has been ported to the realtime operating
	    system OSE. The port supports both smp and non-smp
	    emulator. For details around the port and how to started
	    see the User's Guide in the <seealso
	    marker="ose:ose_intro">ose</seealso> application. </p>
          <p>
	    Note that not all parts of Erlang/OTP has been ported. </p>
          <p>
	    Notable things that work are: non-smp and smp emulators,
	    OSE signal interaction, crypto, asn1, run_erl/to_erl,
	    tcp, epmd, distribution and most if not all non-os
	    specific functionality of Erlang.</p>
          <p>
	    Notable things that does not work are: udp/sctp, os_mon,
	    erl_interface, binding of schedulers.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-11334</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Add the {active,N} socket option for TCP, UDP, and SCTP,
	    where N is an integer in the range -32768..32767, to
	    allow a caller to specify the number of data messages to
	    be delivered to the controlling process. Once the
	    socket's delivered message count either reaches 0 or is
	    explicitly set to 0 with inet:setopts/2 or by including
	    {active,0} as an option when the socket is created, the
	    socket transitions to passive ({active, false}) mode and
	    the socket's controlling process receives a message to
	    inform it of the transition. TCP sockets receive
	    {tcp_passive,Socket}, UDP sockets receive
	    {udp_passive,Socket} and SCTP sockets receive
	    {sctp_passive,Socket}. </p>
          <p>
	    The socket's delivered message counter defaults to 0, but
	    it can be set using {active,N} via any gen_tcp, gen_udp,
	    or gen_sctp function that takes socket options as
	    arguments, or via inet:setopts/2. New N values are added
	    to the socket's current counter value, and negative
	    numbers can be used to reduce the counter value.
	    Specifying a number that would cause the socket's counter
	    value to go above 32767 causes an einval error. If a
	    negative number is specified such that the counter value
	    would become negative, the socket's counter value is set
	    to 0 and the socket transitions to passive mode. If the
	    counter value is already 0 and inet:setopts(Socket,
	    [{active,0}]) is specified, the counter value remains at
	    0 but the appropriate passive mode transition message is
	    generated for the socket.</p>
          <p>
	    Thanks to Steve Vinoski</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-11368</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    A new optional scheduler utilization balancing mechanism
	    has been introduced. For more information see the
	    <seealso marker="erl#+sub"><c>+sub</c></seealso> command
	    line argument.</p>
          <p>
	    Characteristics impact: None, when not enabled. When
	    enabled, changed timing in the system, normally a small
	    overhead due to measuring of utilization and calculating
	    balancing information. On some systems, such as old
	    Windows systems, the overhead can be quite substantial.
	    This time measurement overhead highly depend on the
	    underlying primitives provided by the OS.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-11385</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    A call to either the <c>garbage_collect/1</c> BIF or the
	    <c>check_process_code/2</c> BIF may trigger garbage
	    collection of another processes than the process calling
	    the BIF. The previous implementations performed these
	    kinds of garbage collections without considering the
	    internal state of the process being garbage collected. In
	    order to be able to more easily and more efficiently
	    implement yielding native code, these types of garbage
	    collections have been rewritten. A garbage collection
	    like this is now triggered by an asynchronous request
	    signal, the actual garbage collection is performed by the
	    process being garbage collected itself, and finalized by
	    a reply signal to the process issuing the request. Using
	    this approach processes can disable garbage collection
	    and yield without having to set up the heap in a state
	    that can be garbage collected.</p>
          <p>
	    The <seealso
	    marker="erts:erlang#garbage_collect/2"><c>garbage_collect/2</c></seealso>,
	    and <seealso
	    marker="erts:erlang#check_process_code/3"><c>check_process_code/3</c></seealso>
	    BIFs have been introduced. Both taking an option list as
	    last argument. Using these, one can issue asynchronous
	    requests.</p>
          <p>
	    <c>code:purge/1</c> and <c>code:soft_purge/1</c> have
	    been rewritten to utilize asynchronous
	    <c>check_process_code</c> requests in order to
	    parallelize work.</p>
          <p>
	    Characteristics impact: A call to the
	    <c>garbage_collect/1</c> BIF or the
	    <c>check_process_code/2</c> BIF will normally take longer
	    time to complete while the system as a whole wont be as
	    much negatively effected by the operation as before. A
	    call to <c>code:purge/1</c> and <c>code:soft_purge/1</c>
	    may complete faster or slower depending on the state of
	    the system while the system as a whole wont be as much
	    negatively effected by the operation as before.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-11388 Aux Id: OTP-11535, OTP-11648 </p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Cleanup 'Buckets' and 'Time left' fields in crashdump to
	    ease parsing.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-11419</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Add sync option to file:open/2.</p>
          <p>
	    The sync option adds the POSIX O_SYNC flag to the open
	    system call on platforms that support the flag or its
	    equivalent, e.g., FILE_FLAG_WRITE_THROUGH on Windows. For
	    platforms that don't support it, file:open/2 returns
	    {error, enotsup} if the sync option is passed in. Thank
	    to Steve Vinoski and Joseph Blomstedt</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-11498</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    erlang:binary_to_term will now cost an appropriate amount
	    of reductions and will interrupt (yield) for reschedule
	    if the term is big. This avoids too long schedules when
	    binary_to_term is used. (Thanks to Svante Karlsson for
	    the original patch)</p>
          <p>
	    Impact: Programs running binary_to_term on large binaries
	    will run more smoothly, but rescheduling will impact the
	    single process performance of the BIF. Single threaded
	    benchmarks might show degraded performance of the BIF,
	    while general system behaviour will be improved.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-11535 Aux Id: OTP-11388 </p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Added high resolution icon for windows. (Thanks to Daniel
	    Goertz for the inspiration.)</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-11560</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Migration of memory carriers has been enabled by default
	    on all ERTS internal memory allocators based on the
	    <seealso
	    marker="erts_alloc#alloc_util"><c>alloc_util</c></seealso>
	    framework except for <c>temp_alloc</c>. That is, <seealso
	    marker="erts_alloc#M_acul"><c>+M&lt;S&gt;acul
	    de</c></seealso> is default for these allocators. Note
	    that this also implies changed allocation strategies for
	    all of these allocators. They will all now use the
	    "address order first fit carrier best fit" strategy.</p>
          <p>
	    By passing <c>+Muacul 0</c> on the command line, all
	    configuration changes made by this change will be
	    reverted.</p>
          <p>
	    Characteristics impact: Improved memory characteristics
	    with a smaller memory footprint at the expense of a quite
	    small performance cost.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-11604 Aux Id: OTP-10279 </p>
        </item>
        <item>
	    <p>A clarification has been added to the documentation of
	    <c>-on_load()</c> in the Reference Manual that it is only
	    recommended for loading NIF libraries.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-11611</p>
        </item>
        <item>
	    <p><c>+fnaw</c> is now default when starting the
	    emulator; it used to be <c>+fnl</c>.</p>
          <p>
	    *** POTENTIAL INCOMPATIBILITY ***</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-11612</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    EEP43: New data type - Maps</p>
          <p>
	    With Maps you may for instance:</p>
          <taglist>
            <tag/> <item><c>M0 = #{ a =&gt; 1, b =&gt; 2}, % create
	      associations</c></item>
            <tag/><item><c>M1 = M0#{ a := 10 }, % update values</c></item>
            <tag/><item><c>M2 = M1#{ "hi" =&gt;
	      "hello"}, % add new associations</c></item>
            <tag/><item><c>#{ "hi" := V1, a := V2, b := V3} = M2.
               % match keys with values</c></item>
          </taglist>
          <p>
	    For information on how to use Maps please see Map Expressions in the
		<seealso marker="doc/reference_manual:expressions#map_expressions">
			Reference Manual</seealso>.</p>
          <p>
	    The current implementation is without the following
	    features:</p>
          <taglist>
            <tag/><item>No variable keys</item>
	    <tag/><item>No single value access</item>
            <tag/><item>No map comprehensions</item>
          </taglist>
          <p>
	    Note that Maps is <em>experimental</em> during OTP 17.0.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-11616</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    The previously deprecated driver API function
	    <c>driver_async_cancel()</c> has been removed. Due to
	    this, the driver API version has been bumped to 3.0.</p>
          <p>
	    Thanks to Steve Vinoski.</p>
          <p>
	    *** POTENTIAL INCOMPATIBILITY ***</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-11628</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Experimental "dirty scheduler" functionality has been
	    introduced. In order to try the functionality out, you
	    need to pass the command line argument
	    <c>--enable-dirty-schedulers</c> to <c>configure</c> when
	    building the system.</p>
          <p>
	    Dirty schedulers can currently only be used by NIFs on a
	    system with SMP support. More information can be found in
	    the <seealso
	    marker="erl_nif#dirty_nifs"><c>erl_nif(3)</c></seealso>
	    documentation, the <seealso
	    marker="erl"><c>erl(1)</c></seealso> documentation, and
	    in the git commit comment of commit
	    'c1c03ae4ee50e58b7669ea88ec4d29c6b2b67c7b'.</p>
          <p>
	    Note that the functionality is <em>experimental</em>, and
	    <em>not supported</em>. This functionality <em>will</em>
	    be subject to backward incompatible changes. You should
	    <em>not</em> enable the dirty scheduler functionality on
	    production systems. It is only provided for testing.</p>
          <p>
	    Thanks to Steve Vinoski.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-11629</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Improve reduction cost and yielding of
	    <c>term_to_binary</c>. The reduction cost is increased
	    and garbage collection is disabled during yield.</p>
          <p>
	    Impact: Improves system responsiveness when
	    <c>term_to_binary</c> is called with large terms without
	    significant degradation of single threaded performance.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-11648 Aux Id: OTP-11388 </p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    By default, the system's version of zlib will be used,
	    provided its version is 1.2.4 or higher; otherwise the
	    built-in zlib will be used. The built-in version of zlib
	    has been bumped to 1.2.8. (Use the
	    <c>--enable-builtin-zlib</c> option to <c>configure</c>
	    to force the use of the built-in zlib.)</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-11669</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    The default float encoding in binary_to_term and
	    external_size has been changed to use minor_mode 1
	    instead of 0.</p>
          <p>
	    *** POTENTIAL INCOMPATIBILITY ***</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-11738</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Introduced the <c>configure</c> option
	    <c>--with-assumed-cache-line-size=SIZE</c>. For more
	    information see <seealso
	    marker="doc/installation_guide:INSTALL"><c>$ERL_TOP/HOWTO/INSTALL.md</c></seealso>.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-11742</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Halfword emulator is marked as deprecated. It still works
	    as before but is planned to be removed in a future major
	    release.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-11777</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    The external format for Maps has changed in a way that is
	    not compatible with the format used in OTP 17.0-rc1 and
	    OTP 17.0-rc2.</p>
          <p>
	    *** POTENTIAL INCOMPATIBILITY ***</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-11782</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Fixed faulty make dependency that would make some make
	    versions fail while building gen_git_version.mk.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-11784</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Introduced functionality for allowing old drivers and NIF
	    libraries to be loaded during a transition period. For
	    more information see <seealso
	    marker="erts:erl_driver#version_management">the version
	    management section in the <c>erl_driver(3)</c>
	    documentation</seealso> and <seealso
	    marker="erts:erl_nif#version_management">the version
	    management section in the <c>erl_nif(3)</c>
	    documentation</seealso>.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-11799</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Support file paths longer than 259 characters on Windows.
	    Long absolute paths are automatically converted to UNC
	    format with a <c>\\?\</c> prefix which is the only way to
	    represent long paths. The 259 character limit still
	    applies for individual file names, relative paths and the
	    current working directory.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-11813</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Document that escript:create/2 also accepts a 3-elements
	    tuple containing files and zip:create/3 options to build
	    a zip file.</p>
          <p>
	    Thanks to Pierre Fenoll</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-11827</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Add systemd socket activation for epmd.</p>
          <p>
	    Thanks to Matwey V. Kornilov</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-11829</p>
       </item>
      </list>
    </section>

</section>

<section><title>Erts 5.10.4.1</title>

    <section><title>Known Bugs and Problems</title>
      <list>
        <item>
          <p>
	    When using gen_tcp:connect and the <c>fd</c> option with
	    <c>port</c> and/or <c>ip</c>, the <c>port</c> and
	    <c>ip</c> options were ignored. This has been fixed so
	    that if <c>port</c> and/or <c>ip</c> is specified
	    together with <c>fd</c> a bind is requested for that
	    <c>fd</c>. If <c>port</c> and/or <c>ip</c> is not
	    specified bind will not be called.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-12061</p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>

</section>

<section><title>Erts 5.10.4</title>

    <section><title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
      <list>
        <item>
          <p>
	    When normalizing paths, erl_prim_loader would always
	    convert backslash to forward slash. This is correct on
	    Windows, but not on other operating systems.
	    erl_prim_loader now checks which OS is running before
	    performing this conversion.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-11170</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Fixed syslog defines and defined LOG_ERR for systems
	    without syslog.h. Thanks to Matt Lewandowsky.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-11349</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Check all pattern arguments passed to binary:matches/2.
	    Thanks to Mike Sassak.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-11350</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Fix two small silent rules omissions. Thanks to Anthony
	    Ramine.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-11351</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Teach configure to detect if posix_memalign cannot align
	    to more than the system page size. </p>
          <p>
	    For cross-compiled systems a new environment variable
	    called erl_xcomp_posix_memalign has been introduced to
	    indicate whether posix_memalign should be used.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-11371</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Fix bsr bug occurring when shifting a huge number a huge
	    number of bits to the right. Thanks to Lars Hesel
	    Christensen.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-11381</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Fix memory leak for distributed monitors</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-11410</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Fix various typos in erts, kernel and ssh. Thanks to
	    Martin Hässler.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-11414</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Crashdumps initiated by out-of-memory on process spawn
	    could cause the beam to segfault during crashdump writing
	    due to invalid pointers.</p>
          <p>
	    The pointers are invalid since the process creation never
	    finished. This fix removes these processes from the
	    printouts. Reported by Richard Carlsson.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-11420</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Crash dumps from 64-bit Erlang machines would have all
	    memory addresses truncated to 32 bits, which could cause
	    trouble inspecting processes message queues and stacks in
	    the crashdump viewer.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-11450</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Threads other than schedulers threads could make thread
	    unsafe accesses when support for migration of memory
	    carriers had been enabled, i.e., when the <seealso
	    marker="erts_alloc#M_acul"><c>+M&lt;S&gt;acul</c></seealso>
	    command line flag had been passed to <seealso
	    marker="erl"><c>erl</c></seealso>. This could cause
	    corruption of the VMs internal state.</p>
          <p>
	    This bug was introduced in erts-5.10.2 when the support
	    for migration of memory carriers was introduced.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-11456 Aux Id: OTP-10279 </p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Fix bug in <c>binary_to_term</c> for invalid bitstrings
	    and very large binaries (>2Gb).</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-11479</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Under rare circumstances a process calling <seealso
	    marker="kernel:inet#close/1"><c>inet:close/1</c></seealso>,
	    <seealso
	    marker="kernel:gen_tcp#close/1"><c>gen_tcp:close/1</c></seealso>,
	    <seealso
	    marker="kernel:gen_udp#close/1"><c>gen_udp:close/1</c></seealso>,
	    or <seealso
	    marker="kernel:gen_sctp#close/1"><c>gen_sctp:close/1</c></seealso>
	    could hang in the call indefinitely.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-11491</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Fix bug that could cause a 32-bit emulator to always
	    crash at start (since R16B01) depending on the alignment
	    of static data in the beam executable.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-11496</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Fix benign bugs regarding bitstring compare. Only a
	    nuisance for debug and valgrind VM.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-11501</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Silence warnings (Thanks to Anthony Ramine)</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-11517</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    The default wordsize of the emulator (beam) is now
	    determined by compiler default on Mac OSX (Darwin). This
	    was previously forced to 32bits by the configure script
	    unless otherwise specified.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-11521</p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>


    <section><title>Improvements and New Features</title>
      <list>
        <item>
          <p>
	    A new memory allocation feature called "super carrier"
	    has been introduced. The super carrier feature can be
	    used in different ways. It can for example be used for
	    pre-allocation of all memory that the runtime system
	    should be able to use.</p>
          <p>
	    By default the super carrier is disabled. It is enabled
	    by passing the <seealso
	    marker="erts:erts_alloc#MMscs"><c>+MMscs &lt;size in
	    MB&gt;</c></seealso> command line argument. For more
	    information see the documentation of the <seealso
	    marker="erts:erts_alloc#MMsco"><c>+MMsco</c></seealso>,
	    <seealso
	    marker="erts:erts_alloc#MMscrfsd"><c>+MMscrfsd</c></seealso>,
	    <seealso
	    marker="erts:erts_alloc#MMscrpm"><c>+MMscrpm</c></seealso>,
	    <seealso
	    marker="erts:erts_alloc#MMscs"><c>+MMscs</c></seealso>,
	    <seealso
	    marker="erts:erts_alloc#Musac"><c>+MMusac</c></seealso>,
	    and, <seealso
	    marker="erts:erts_alloc#Mlpm"><c>+Mlpm</c></seealso>
	    command line arguments in the <seealso
	    marker="erts:erts_alloc"><c>erts_alloc(3)</c></seealso>
	    documentation.</p>
          <p>
	    Since it is disabled by default there should be no impact
	    on system characteristics if not used.</p>
          <p>
	    This change has been marked as a potential
	    incompatibility since the returned list when calling
	    <seealso
	    marker="erts:erlang#system_info_allocator_tuple"><c>erlang:system_info({allocator,
	    mseg_alloc})</c></seealso> now also include an
	    <c>{erts_mmap, _}</c> tuple as one element in the list.</p>
          <p>
	    *** POTENTIAL INCOMPATIBILITY ***</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-11149</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Added erlang:system_info(ets_limit) to provide a way to
	    retrieve the runtime's maximum number of ETS tables.
	    Thanks to Steve Vinoski</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-11362</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Add new BIF os:unsetenv/1 which deletes an environment
	    variable. Thanks to Martin Hässler.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-11446</p>
        </item>
        <item>
	    <p> Introduced a new guarantee regarding exit signals
	    from ports: </p><p> If the process calling one of the
	    synchronous port BIFs listed below is linked to the port
	    identified by the first argument, and the port exits
	    before sending the result of the port operation, the exit
	    signal issued due to this link will be received by the
	    processes before the BIF returns, or fail with an
	    exception due to the port not being open. </p><p> The
	    synchronous port BIFs are: </p> <list> <item><seealso
	    marker="erlang#port_close/1"><c>port_close/1</c></seealso></item>
	    <item><seealso
	    marker="erlang#port_command/2"><c>port_command/2</c></seealso></item>
	    <item><seealso
	    marker="erlang#port_command/3"><c>port_command/3</c></seealso></item>
	    <item><seealso
	    marker="erlang#port_connect/2"><c>port_connect/2</c></seealso></item>
	    <item><seealso
	    marker="erlang#port_control/3"><c>port_control/3</c></seealso></item>
	    <item><seealso
	    marker="erlang#port_call/3"><c>erlang:port_call/3</c></seealso></item>
	    <item><seealso
	    marker="erlang#port_info/1"><c>erlang:port_info/1</c></seealso></item>
	    <item><seealso
	    marker="erlang#port_info/2"><c>erlang:port_info/2</c></seealso></item>
	    </list> <p> Note that some ports under certain
	    circumstances unlink themselves from the calling process
	    before exiting, i.e. even though the process linked
	    itself to the port there might be no link triggering an
	    exit signal. </p> <p>Characteristics impact: The return
	    or exception from the synchronous port BIF will be
	    delayed if the port simultaneously exit due to some issue
	    unrelated to the outstanding synchronous port BIF call.
	    In all other cases characteristics are unchanged. </p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-11489</p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>

</section>

<section><title>Erts 5.10.3.1</title>

    <section><title>Improvements and New Features</title>
      <list>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Memory allocators will be able to create <c>sys_alloc</c>
	    carriers as fallback, if <c>mseg_alloc</c> cannot create
	    more carriers, on systems with <c>posix_memalign()</c>
	    support. This is similar to how it worked in pre-R16
	    releases.</p>
          <p>
	    Windows systems will create carriers using
	    <c>_aligned_malloc()</c> and can by this use the new
	    optimized allocator header scheme introduced in R16 on
	    other platforms.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-11318</p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>

</section>

<section><title>Erts 5.10.3</title>

    <section><title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
      <list>
        <item>
	    <p> The documentation of predefined types and built-in
	    types has been corrected. </p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-11090</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Fix changing terminal parameters in to_erl</p>
          <p>
	    Change the behaviour of to_erl to use TCSADRAIN instead
	    of TCSANOW when changing terminal parameters. This makes
	    the serial driver wait for the output queues to be empty
	    before applying the terminal parameter change. Thanks to
	    Stefan Zegenhagen.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-11206</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    The default value of {flush, boolean()} in erlang:halt/2
	    is documented to be 'true' if the status is an integer.
	    The implementation behaviour was reversed. The
	    Implementation is now corrected to adhere to the
	    documentation. Thanks to Jose Valim for reporting the
	    error.</p>
          <p>
	    *** POTENTIAL INCOMPATIBILITY ***</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-11218</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Fix serious race bug in R16B01 that could cause PID
	    mix-ups when a lot of processes were spawned and
	    terminated in a very rapid pace on an SMP emulator with
	    at least two scheduler threads.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-11225</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Validating a trace pattern with the option silent no
	    longer incorrectly enables/disables the silent option of
	    the calling process.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-11232</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Fixed a bug where GCC 4.8 and later use a more aggressive
	    loop optimization algorithm that broke some previously
	    working code in the efile driver. Thanks to Tomas
	    Abrahamsson for reporting this issue.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-11246</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Fixed bug when printing memory allocator acul option in
	    crash dump.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-11264</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Opening a new compressed file on Windows could in rare
	    (random) cases result in {error,eisdir} or other error
	    codes although it should have succeeded. This is now
	    corrected.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-11265</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Fixed a race condition when closing a trace port that
	    would cause the emulator to crash.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-11290</p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>


    <section><title>Improvements and New Features</title>
      <list>
        <item>
          <p>
	    There is a new somewhat experimental socket option
	    'netns' that can set the network namespace for a socket
	    on Linux:es where it is supported. See the documentation.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-11157</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    New allocator strategy <c>aoffcbf</c> (address order
	    first fit carrier best fit). Supports carrier migration
	    but with better CPU performance than <c>aoffcaobf</c>.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-11174</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Introduced functionality for inspection of system and
	    build configuration.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-11196</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Fix matching of floating point middle-endian machines.
	    Thanks to Johannes Weissl.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-11201</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Fix compile error on ARM and GCC versions greater than
	    4.1.0. Thanks to Johannes Weissl.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-11214</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    run_erl: Redirect standard streams to /dev/null. Thanks
	    to Johannes Weissl.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-11215</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Misc. corrections in documentation for erl_driver. Thanks
	    to Giacomo Olgeni.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-11227</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Fix documentation regarding binary_part.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-11239</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Make edlin understand a few important control keys.
	    Thanks to Stefan Zegenhagen.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-11251</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Export type zlib:zstream/0. Thanks to Loic Hoguin.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-11278</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Add erl option to set schedulers by percentages. </p>
          <p>
	    For applications where measurements show enhanced
	    performance from the use of a non-default number of
	    emulator scheduler threads, having to accurately set the
	    right number of scheduler threads across multiple hosts
	    each with different numbers of logical processors is
	    difficult because the erl +S option requires absolute
	    numbers of scheduler threads and scheduler threads online
	    to be specified.</p>
          <p>
	    To address this issue, add a +SP option to erl, similar
	    to the existing +S option but allowing the number of
	    scheduler threads and scheduler threads online to be set
	    as percentages of logical processors configured and
	    logical processors available, respectively. For example,
	    "+SP 50:25" sets the number of scheduler threads to 50%
	    of the logical processors configured, and the number of
	    scheduler threads online to 25% of the logical processors
	    available. The +SP option also interacts with any
	    settings specified with the +S option, such that the
	    combination of options "+S 4:4 +SP 50:50" (in either
	    order) results in 2 scheduler threads and 2 scheduler
	    threads online.</p>
          <p>
	    Thanks to Steve Vinoski</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-11282</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Extend erl_driver interface with lock names</p>
          <p>
	    Lock and thread names are already a feature in the driver
	    interface. This extension will let developers read these
	    names which eases debugging.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-11303</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Fix incorrect values returned by integer_to_binary/2.
	    Thanks to Juan Jose Comellas.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-11311</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Fix system_flag scheduling_statistics - disable . Thanks
	    to Steve Vinoski.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-11317</p>
        </item>
        <item>
	    <p> The documentation of predefined types has been
	    corrected Thanks to Kostis Sagonas. </p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-11321</p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>

</section>

<section><title>Erts 5.10.2</title>

    <section><title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
      <list>
        <item>
          <p>
	    A bug in prim_inet has been corrected. If the port owner
	    was killed at a bad time while closing the socket port
	    the port could become orphaned hence causing port and
	    socket leaking. Reported by Fred Herbert, Dmitry Belyaev
	    and others.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-10497 Aux Id: OTP-10562 </p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Compilation fixes for NetBSD. Thanks to YAMAMOTO Takashi.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-10941</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Fixed a race condition when using delayed_write when
	    writing to a file which would cause the same data to be
	    written multiple times.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-10984</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Fix small memory leak from tracing with option
	    <c>meta</c>.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-10997</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Correct typo in erlsrv usage. Thanks to Bryan Hunter</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-11002</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    ct_run: delete unused function. Thanks to Tuncer Ayaz.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-11003</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Corrections to run_erl/to_erl handshake behaviour.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-11012</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Fix typo in type: erlang:process_info_item(). Thanks to
	    Andrew Tunnell-Jones.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-11024</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Fix src/dest overlap issue in ttsl driver. Thanks to
	    Steve Vinoski.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-11064</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    When sending to a port using <c>erlang:send(Port, Msg,
	    [nosuspend])</c>, the send operation was performed
	    synchronously. This bug has now been fixed.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-11076 Aux Id: OTP-10336 </p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    When converting a faulty binary to a list with
	    unicode:characters_to_list, the error return value could
	    contain a faulty "rest", i.e. the io_list of characters
	    that could not be converted was wrong. This happened only
	    if input was a sub binary and conversion was from utf8.
	    This is now corrected.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-11080</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Runtime system could crash when reporting stale
	    <c>driver_select()</c>.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-11084</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Fix lock order violation for memory instrumentation
	    (+Mim, +Mis, +Mit).</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-11085</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Fixed some compilation warnings on miscellaneous
	    platforms. Thanks to Anthony Ramine.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-11086</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Fixed issue when flushing i/o during shutdown on windows
	    where the Erlang VM would sometime hang due to a race
	    condition.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-11096</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Fixed issue where repeated calls to erlang:nodes() could
	    cause unnecessary contention in the dist_table lock.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-11097</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Properly guard WIDE_TAG use with HAVE_WCWIDTH in
	    ttsl_drv. Thanks to Anthony Ramine</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-11106</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Fix some Makefile rules that didn't support silent rules.
	    Thanks to Anthony Ramine.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-11111</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Fix receive support in erl_eval with a BEAM module.
	    Thanks to Anthony Ramine.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-11137</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    erlang:now() could suddenly jump ~24 days into the future
	    on Windows. This is now corrected. Thanks to Garret Smith
	    for reporting and testing fixes.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-11146</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    erlang:term_to_binary will now cost an appropriate amount
	    of reductions and will interrupt (yield) for reschedule
	    if the term is big. This avoids too long schedules when
	    term_to_binary is used. </p>
          <p>
	    Impact: Programs running term_to_binary on large terms
	    will run more smothly, but rescheduling will impact the
	    single process performance of the BIF. Single threaded
	    benchmarks will show degraded performance of the BIF when
	    called with very large terms, while general system
	    behaviour will be improved. The overhead for allowing
	    restart and reduction counting also degrades local
	    performance of the BIF with between 5% and 10% even for
	    small terms.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-11163</p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>


    <section><title>Improvements and New Features</title>
      <list>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Replaced the lock protecting gathering of garbage
	    collection statistics with a lock-free solution.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-10271 Aux Id: kunagi-108
	    [04c5410f-9cc4-4696-8639-36bf98686c7a-7] </p>
        </item>
        <item>
	    <p>Support for migration of memory carriers between
	    memory allocator instances has been introduced.</p>
	    <p>By default this feature is not enabled and do not
	    effect the characteristics of the system. When enabled it
	    has the following impact on the characteristics of the
	    system:</p> <list> <item>Reduced memory footprint when
	    the memory load is unevenly distributed between scheduler
	    specific allocator instances.</item> <item>Depending on
	    the default allocaton strategy used on a specific
	    allocator there might or might not be a slight
	    performance loss.</item> <item>When enabled on the
	    <c>fix_alloc</c> allocator, a different strategy for
	    management of fix blocks will be used.</item> <item>The
	    information returned from <seealso
	    marker="erlang:system_info_allocator_tuple"><c>erlang:system_info({allocator,
	    A})</c></seealso>, and <seealso
	    marker="erlang:system_info_allocator_sizes"><c>erlang:system_info({allocator_sizes,
	    A})</c></seealso> will be slightly different when this
	    feature has been enabled. An <c>mbcs_pool</c> tuple will
	    be present giving information about abandoned carriers,
	    and in the <c>fix_alloc</c> case no <c>fix_types</c>
	    tuple will be present. </item></list>
	    <p>For more information, see the documentation of the
	    <seealso
	    marker="erts_alloc#M_acul"><c>+M&lt;S&gt;acul</c></seealso>
	    command line argument.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-10279</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Change specs for spawn_opt to use the process_level()
	    type declaration instead of re-defining it in various
	    places. Thanks to Kostis Sagonas.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-11008</p>
        </item>
        <item>
	    <p> Postscript files no longer needed for the generation
	    of PDF files have been removed. </p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-11016</p>
        </item>
        <item>
	    <p>Erlang source files with non-ASCII characters are now
	    encoded in UTF-8 (instead of latin1).</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-11041 Aux Id: OTP-10907 </p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Optimization of simultaneous <c>inet_db</c> operations on
	    the same socket by using a lock free implementation.</p>
          <p>
	    Impact on the characteristics of the system: Improved
	    performance.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-11074</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    The <c>high_msgq_watermark</c> and
	    <c>low_msgq_watermark</c> <c>inet</c> socket options
	    introduced in OTP-R16A could only be set on TCP sockets.
	    These options are now generic and can be set on all types
	    of sockets.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-11075 Aux Id: OTP-10336 </p>
        </item>
        <item>
	    <p>A new better algorithm for management of the process,
	    and port tables has been introduced.</p>
	    <p>Impact on the characteristics of the system:</p>
	    <list> <item>The new algorithm ensures that both insert
	    and delete operations can be made in O(1) time
	    complexity. Previously used algorithm either caused
	    insert or delete to be O(N).</item> <item>The new
	    algorithm will also ensure that reuse of identifiers will
	    be less frequent than when the old algorithm was
	    used.</item> <item>Previously used algorithm ensured that
	    the latest created identifier compared as the largest
	    when comparing two identifiers of the same type that had
	    been created on the same node as long as no identifiers
	    had been reused. Since identifiers can be reused quite
	    fast, one has never been able to rely on this property.
	    Due to the introduction of this new algorithm this
	    property will not hold even if no identifiers has been
	    reused yet. This could be considered as an
	    incompatibility.</item> </list>
	    <p>Due to the above mensioned potential incompatibility,
	    it will still be possible to enable the old algorithm for
	    some time. The command line argument <seealso
	    marker="erl#+P"><c>+P legacy</c></seealso> will enable
	    the old algorithm on the process table, and <seealso
	    marker="erl#+Q"><c>+Q legacy</c></seealso> will do the
	    same for the port table. These command line arguments are
	    however deprecated as of their introduction and have been
	    scheduled for removal in OTP-R18.</p>
          <p>
	    *** POTENTIAL INCOMPATIBILITY ***</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-11077</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Support wide characters in the shell through wcwidth().
	    Thanks to Anthony Ramine. Reported by Loïc Hoguin.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-11088</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Added total used memory for each process in erlang crash
	    dumps.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-11098</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Added support for hipe on Raspberry Pi (armv6l). Thanks
	    to Klaus Alfert.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-11125</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Remove 'query' from the list of reserved words in docs.
	    Thanks to Matthias Endler and Loïc Hoguin.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-11158</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Lift static limitation (FD_SETSIZE) for file descriptors
	    on Mac OS X. (Thanks to Anthony Ramine)</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-11159</p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>


    <section><title>Known Bugs and Problems</title>
      <list>
        <item>
	    <p>Miscellaneous native code in OTP misbehave either due
	    to lengthy execution, or due to not bumping reductions
	    properly. Problems typically occur when passing huge sets
	    of data to a misbehaving BIF. Fixing this has high
	    priority and is being worked on, but there will remain
	    issues like this for some time.</p>
	    <p>In order to alleviate problems with scheduling which
	    might occur when executing misbehaving native code, the
	    command line argument <seealso
	    marker="erl#+sfwi">+sfwi</seealso> has been
	    introduced.</p>
	    <p>By default this feature is disabled and you are
	    advised not to enable it if you do not encounter problems
	    with misbehaving native code.</p>
	    <p>When enabled it has the following impact on the
	    characteristics of the system:</p> <list> <item>Work will
	    always be distributed between schedulers even when
	    executing misbehaving native code.</item> <item>It may
	    cause an increased amount of processes and/or ports
	    bouncing between schedulers which in turn will cause a
	    performance loss.</item> <item>It may cause reduced
	    performance due to reduced or lost work compaction when
	    all schedulers do not execute under full load.</item>
	    <item>An increased contention on run queue locks.</item>
	    </list>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-11164</p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>

</section>

<section><title>Erts 5.10.1.2</title>

    <section><title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
      <list>
        <item>
          <p>
	    A bug in the implementation of offline schedulers has
	    been fixed. The bug was introduced in OTP-R16A/ERTS-5.10,
	    and caused work-stealing between schedulers to fail. This
	    in turn, caused work to accumulate in some run-queues.
	    The bug was only triggered when there were offline
	    schedulers in the system, i.e., when the amount of online
	    schedulers was less than the total amount of schedulers.
	    The effect of the bug got more severe the larger amount
	    of offline schedulers the system had.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-11022 Aux Id: OTP-9892 </p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>

</section>

<section><title>Erts 5.10.1.1</title>

    <section><title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
      <list>
        <item>
          <p>
	    The BIF <seealso
	    marker="erlang#is_process_alive/1"><c>is_process_alive/1</c></seealso>
	    could prematurely return <c>false</c> while the process
	    being inspected was terminating. This bug was introduced
	    in ERTS-5.10.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-10926</p>
        </item>
        <item>
	    <p>Fix a problem in <c>erlang:delete_element/2</c> where
	    the call could corrupt one word of stack if the heap and
	    stack met during call.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-10932</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    The <seealso
	    marker="erl#+sws"><c>+sws&lt;value&gt;</c></seealso> and
	    <seealso
	    marker="erl#+swt"><c>+swt&lt;value&gt;</c></seealso>
	    system flags failed if no white space were passed between
	    the parameter and value parts of the flags. Upon failure,
	    the runtime system refused to start.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-11000</p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>


    <section><title>Improvements and New Features</title>
      <list>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Scheduler threads will now by default be less eager
	    requesting wakeup due to certain cleanup operations. This
	    can also be controlled using the <seealso
	    marker="erl#+swct"><c>+swct</c></seealso> command line
	    argument of <seealso
	    marker="erl"><c>erl(1)</c></seealso>.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-10994</p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>

</section>

<section><title>Erts 5.10.1</title>

    <section><title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
      <list>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Threads created internally in the runtime system by
	    vanilla, fd, and spawn drivers on Windows systems could
	    make thread unsafe calls to <c>driver_select()</c>.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-10802</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Threads created internally in the runtime system by the
	    vanilla, fd, and spawn drivers on Windows systems could
	    make unsafe memory accesses to driver data after port had
	    terminated.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-10803</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    The runtime system could crash when flushing data to
	    standard out or standard error on Windows.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-10807</p>
        </item>
        <item>
	    <p>Bugs due to the port optimizations introduced in
	    erts-5.10/OTP-R16A have been fixed:</p> <list>
	    <item>Memory leak when terminating ports</item>
	    <item>Memory leak when reaching the system limit of
	    maximum amount of concurrently existing ports</item>
	    <item>Crashs due to missing, or late test of bad port
	    handle</item> <item>The newly introduced driver API
	    function <c>erl_drv_busy_msgq_limits()</c> could not be
	    used by dynamically linked in drivers on Windows</item>
	    </list>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-10809 Aux Id: OTP-10336 </p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Fix <c>{packet,httph}</c> header capitalization for
	    unrecognized header fields longer than 20 charachters
	    such as <c>Sec-Websocket-Version</c>. The limit is simply
	    raised from 20 to 50 characters with the hope that valid
	    headers longer than 50 are not used.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-10824</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Fix rounding issues in float_to_list/1,2. Thanks to Serge
	    Aleynikov</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-10837</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Fix memory leak in file driver introduced in R16A.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-10841</p>
        </item>
        <item>
	    <p>A bug in an ERTS internal queue implementation could
	    cause the loss of a wake up signal to a consumer thread.
	    This has now been fixed.</p>
	    <p>The effect of this bug, when triggered, was often only
	    a small or even no delay of certain operations. This
	    since, threads often are woken due to other unrelated
	    reasons. However, if the consumer thread was not woken
	    due to other reasons when the bug was triggered, these
	    operations could be left hanging, potentially for ever.
	    Such effects seems to have been very rare, but we have on
	    at least one occasion gotten a report about such an
	    issue.</p>
	    <p>Operations potentially effected by this bug:</p>
	    <taglist> <tag>Inspection of memory allocation
	    status</tag> <item>The Erlang process calling
	    <c>erlang:memory/[0,1]</c>, or
	    <c>erlang:system_info({allocator|allocator_sizes, _})</c>
	    could potentially hang waiting for responses from
	    involved threads.</item> <tag>Async thread pool
	    jobs</tag> <item>An async thread pool job request and/or
	    reply could potentially be left hanging. In OTP this only
	    effected file operations, but user implemented drivers
	    using the async thread pool were also effected. In the
	    file operation case, this would typically translate into
	    an Erlang process potentially hanging on the file
	    operation.</item> <tag>Shutting down the runtime
	    system</tag> <item>Due to the issue with the async thread
	    pool mentioned above, flushing of I/O while terminating
	    the runtime system could also potentially hang.</item>
	    <tag>ETS memory deallocation</tag> <item>Scheduled jobs
	    handling deallocation of the main structure of an ETS
	    table could potentially hang. This more or less only
	    translates into minor memory leaks.</item> <tag>Shutting
	    down distribution</tag> <item>The distribution shutdown
	    phase used when manually shutting down the distribution,
	    i.e., when calling <c>net_kernel:stop()</c>, could
	    potentially hang.</item> </taglist>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-10854</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    OS X Snow Leopard now only uses write, as writev does not
	    work properly on very large files.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-10858</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Fixed a bug where line oriented file I/O using read_ahead
	    was very slow for files with very large difference in
	    line length.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-10859</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    In erts-5.10 (R16A) faulty hashvalues were produced for
	    non-ASCII atoms (characters in byte-range 128..255). This
	    has now been fixed and hashvalues conforms to previous
	    OTP releases.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-10860</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Fixes of memory accesses that might be thread unsafe when
	    the runtime system has been linked against third-party
	    libraries for atomic memory operations during the build.
	    Most builds are uneffected by this bug. If triggered, the
	    runtime system will most likely crash more or less
	    immediately.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-10875 Aux Id: OTP-10854 </p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Fixed a bug where it was longer possible to give the +sws
	    proposal flag to non-smp emulators.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-10881 Aux Id: seq12258 </p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Faulty type to bytes read for ReadFile on Windows. This
	    could cause windows systems to misbehave. The correct
	    type is now used.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-10890</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Change default max ports for Windows to 8192. Having a
	    too large value caused Windows to not be able to recover
	    properly. If you want to use another value, pass <c>+Q
	    Value</c> to erl or werl.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-10892</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Fix rare crash on halfword vm during code loading.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-10896</p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>


    <section><title>Improvements and New Features</title>
      <list>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Tuple funs (deprecated in R15B) are no longer supported.</p>
          <p>
	    *** POTENTIAL INCOMPATIBILITY ***</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-10170</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Added four new bifs, <c>erlang:binary_to_integer/1,2</c>,
	    <c>erlang:integer_to_binary/1</c>,
	    <c>erlang:binary_to_float/1</c> and
	    <c>erlang:float_to_binary/1,2</c>. These bifs work
	    similarly to how their list counterparts work, except
	    they operate on binaries. In most cases converting from
	    and to binaries is faster than converting from and to
	    lists. </p>
          <p>
	    These bifs are auto-imported into erlang source files and
	    can therefore be used without the <c>erlang</c> prefix.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-10300 Aux Id: kunagi-74 [74] </p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    The experimental support for packages has been removed.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-10348 Aux Id: kunagi-316 [227] </p>
        </item>
        <item>
	    <p>The driver API function <seealso
	    marker="erl_driver#erl_drv_consume_timeslice"><c>erl_drv_consume_timeslice()</c></seealso>,
	    and the NIF API function <seealso
	    marker="erl_nif#enif_consume_timeslice"><c>enif_consume_timeslice()</c></seealso>
	    have been introduced.</p>
	    <p>These functions are provided in order to better
	    support co-operative scheduling, improve system
	    responsiveness, and to make it easier to prevent
	    misbehaviors of the VM due to a process or port
	    monopolizing a scheduler thread. They can be used when
	    dividing lengthy work into a number of repeated calls
	    without the need to use threads.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-10810</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    The list_to_integer/2 bif has been optimized when used
	    with bases other than 10.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-10834 Aux Id: kunagi-74 [74] </p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    The git commit sha of the HEAD commit is now added to the
	    Erlang shell when compiling a non-released Erlang
	    version.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-10838</p>
        </item>
        <item>
	    <p>Change caching policy for memory segment allocator.
	    For instance, prefer sbc segments over mbc segments,
	    caching policy is time-arrow aware, evicting older cached
	    segments to store newer segments. </p> <p>The default
	    number of cachable segment has been increased from five
	    to ten segments. This can be modified, same as before,
	    with the command line option <c>+MMmcs 5</c></p>
	    <p>Impact: Increased speed for processing on larger
	    objects, e.g. binaries. Slight increase of mapped and
	    resident memory. Tune your system with memory options to
	    <c>erl</c> for best performance.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-10840</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Updated config.sub and config.guess to latest version
	    from gnu.org</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-10848</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Add an xcomp file for Blue Gene/Q. Thanks to Kostis
	    Sagonas.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-10849</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Cleanup of documentation of the type language. Thanks to
	    Kostis Sagonas.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-10850</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Change the return value of hipe_bifs:remove_refs_from/1.
	    Thanks to Kostis Sagonas.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-10851</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    As of ERTS-5.10/OTP-R16A node names passed in the EPMD
	    protocol are required to be encoded in UTF-8. Since EPMD
	    previously accepted latin1 encoded node names this is an
	    incompatibility. However, since Erlang nodes always have
	    required characters in node names to be 7-bit ASCII
	    characters (and still do require this), this
	    incompatibility should not effect anyone using EPMD as an
	    Erlang Port Mapper Daemon.</p>
          <p>
	    *** POTENTIAL INCOMPATIBILITY ***</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-10872 Aux Id: OTP-10753 </p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    The +pc flag to erl can be used to set the range of
	    characters considered printable. This affects how the
	    shell and io:format("~tp",...) functionality does
	    heuristic string detection. More can be read in STDLIB
	    users guide.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-10884</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Fix a number of type cast errors related to formatted
	    printing on Win64 that can potentially cause problem when
	    the Erlang VM exceeds 4 GB of ram. (Thanks to Blaine
	    Whittle for the original patch)</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-10887</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    The effect of the deprecated environment variable
	    ERL_MAX_PORTS had been removed premeturely. It has now
	    been readded. Note that this is still scheduled to be
	    released in R17B.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-10895</p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>

</section>

<section><title>Erts 5.10</title>

    <section><title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
      <list>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Set new peeled off SCTP socket to nonblocking socket
	    (Thanks to Jonas Falkevik)</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-10491</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Fix various typos (thanks to Tuncer Ayaz)</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-10611</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Fix fd leak when using async thread pool</p>
	    <p> When using the async thread pool, if an erlang
	    process asks to open a file and it gets shutdown/killed
	    while the file:open/2 call hasn't returned, it's possible
	    to leak a file descriptor against the target file. This
	    has now been fixed. (Thanks to Filipe David Manana)</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-10677</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Use sys/types.h instead of string.h to pull ssize_t
	    definition to erl_driver.h. This fixes build issue on
	    NetBSD. (Thanks to Yamamoto Takashi).</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-10699</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Arguments given with the -run or -s flags to erl are now
	    translated according to the file name encoding mode of
	    the runtime system.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-10702</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    The octet counters in the gen_tcp/inet interface could
	    behave in unexpected ways on 64bit platforms. The
	    behaviour is now as expected.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-10746</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Certain linux kernels, most notably in redhat and CentOS
	    distribution, had a bug in writev which generated an
	    infinite loop in the tcp code of the VM. The bug is now
	    worked around.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-10747</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    A process that got killed (got an exit signal) while
	    operating on a compresseed file, could cause a
	    segmentation fault in the VM. This is now corrected.
	    Thanks to Filipe David Manana for identifying the problem
	    and submitting a solution.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-10748</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Windows previously used three digit exponent in
	    formatting which caused difference between platforms, as
	    can be seen by float_to_list/1. This has now been fixed.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-10751</p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>


    <section><title>Improvements and New Features</title>
      <list>
        <item>
          <p>
	    A boolean socket option 'ipv6_v6only' for IPv6 sockets
	    has been added. The default value of the option is OS
	    dependent, so applications aiming to be portable should
	    consider using <c>{ipv6_v6only,true}</c> when creating an
	    <c>inet6</c> listening/destination socket, and if
	    neccesary also create an <c>inet</c> socket on the same
	    port for IPv4 traffic. See the documentation.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-8928 Aux Id: kunagi-193 [104] </p>
        </item>
        <item>
	    <p>It is now allowed to define stubs for BIFs, to allow
	    type specs to be written for BIFs. For example, if there
	    is BIF called <c>lists:member/2</c>, a dummy definition
	    of <c>lists:member/2</c> is now allowed.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-9861</p>
        </item>
        <item>
	    <p>Process optimizations. The most notable:</p> <list>
	    <item>New internal process table implementation allowing
	    for both parallel reads as well as writes. Especially
	    read operations have become really cheap. This reduce
	    contention in various situations. For example when,
	    spawning processes, terminating processes, sending
	    messages, etc.</item> <item>Optimizations of run queue
	    management reducing contention.</item>
	    <item>Optimizations of process internal state changes reducing
	    contention.</item> </list> <p>These changes imply changes
	    of the characteristics the system. Most notable: changed
	    timing in the system.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-9892 Aux Id: OTP-10167 </p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Non-blocking code loading. Earlier when an Erlang module
	    was loaded, all other execution in the VM were halted
	    while the load operation was carried out in single
	    threaded mode. Now modules are loaded without blocking
	    the VM. Processes may continue executing undisturbed in
	    parallel during the entire load operation. The load
	    operation is completed by making the loaded code visible
	    to all processes in a consistent way with one single
	    atomic instruction. Non-blocking code loading will
	    improve realtime characteristics when modules are
	    loaded/upgraded on a running SMP system.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-9974</p>
        </item>
        <item>
	    <p>In the SMP emulator, turning on and off tracing will
	    no longer take down the system to single-scheduling. </p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-10122</p>
        </item>
        <item>
	    <p>Remove VxWorks support</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-10146</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Added a general framework for executing benchmarks of
	    Erlang/OTP. Benchmarks for the Erlang VM and mnesia have
	    been incorporated in the framework. </p>
          <p>
	    For details about how to add more benchmarks see
	    $ERL_TOP/HOWTO/BENCHMARKS.md in the source distribution.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-10156</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Optimized deletion of ETS-tables which significantly
	    improves performance when large amounts of temporary
	    tables are used.</p>
          <p>
	    This change imply changes of the characteristics the
	    system. Most notable: changed timing in the system.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-10167 Aux Id: OTP-9892 </p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Tuple funs (deprecated in R15B) are no longer supported.</p>
          <p>
	    *** POTENTIAL INCOMPATIBILITY ***</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-10170</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    New internal header scheme for allocators</p>
          <p>
	    Impact: Reduces size on object allocated in multiblock
	    carriers by one word</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-10273 Aux Id: kunagi-20 [20] </p>
        </item>
        <item>
	    <p>Major port improvements. The most notable:</p> <list>
	    <item>New internal port table implementation allowing for
	    both parallel reads as well as writes. Especially read
	    operations have become really cheap.This reduce
	    contention in various situations. For example when,
	    creating ports, terminating ports, etc. </item>
	    <item>Dynamic allocation of port structures. This allow
	    for a much larger maximum amount of ports allowed as a
	    default. The previous default of 1024 has been raised to
	    65536. Maximum amount of ports can be set using the
	    <seealso marker="erts:erl#+Q">+Q</seealso> command line
	    flag of <seealso marker="erts:erl">erl(1)</seealso>. The
	    previously used environment variable <c>ERL_MAX_PORTS</c>
	    has been deprecated and scheduled for removal in
	    OTP-R17.</item> <item>Major rewrite of scheduling of port
	    tasks. Major benefits of the rewrite are reduced
	    contention on run queue locks, and reduced amount of
	    memory allocation operations needed. The rewrite was also
	    necessary in order to make it possible to schedule
	    signals from processes to ports.</item> <item>Improved
	    internal thread progress functionality for easy
	    management of unmanaged threads. This improvement was
	    necessary for the rewrite of the port task
	    scheduling.</item> <item>Rewrite of all process to port
	    signal implementations in order to make it possible to
	    schedule those operations. All port operations can now be
	    scheduled which allows for reduced lock contention on the
	    port lock as well as truly asynchronous communication
	    with ports.</item> <item>Optimized lookup of port handles
	    from drivers.</item> <item>Optimized driver lookup when
	    creating ports.</item> <item>Preemptable <seealso
	    marker="erts:erlang#ports-0">erlang:ports/0</seealso>
	    BIF.</item> <item>Improving responsiveness by bumping
	    reductions for a process calling a driver callback
	    directly.</item> </list>
	    <p>These changes imply changes of the characteristics of
	    the system. The most notable:</p> <taglist> <tag>Order of
	    signal delivery</tag> <item>The previous implementation
	    of the VM has delivered signals from processes to ports
	    in a synchronous stricter fashion than required by the
	    language. As of ERTS version 5.10, signals are truly
	    asynchronously delivered. The order of signal delivery
	    still adheres to the requirements of the language, but
	    only to the requirements. That is, some signal sequences
	    that previously always were delivered in one specific
	    order may now from time to time be delivered in different
	    orders. This may cause Erlang programs that have made
	    <em>false assumptions</em> about signal delivery order to
	    fail even though they previously succeeded. For more
	    information about signal ordering guarantees, see the
	    chapter on <seealso
	    marker="erts:communication">communication</seealso> in
	    the ERTS user's guide. The <seealso
	    marker="erts:erl#+n">+n</seealso> command line flag of
	    <seealso marker="erts:erl">erl(1)</seealso> can be
	    helpful when trying to find signaling order bugs in
	    Erlang code that have been exposed by these
	    changes.</item> <tag>Latency of signals sent from
	    processes to ports</tag> <item>Signals from processes to
	    ports where previously always delivered immediately. This
	    kept latency for such communication to a minimum, but it
	    could cause lock contention which was very expensive for
	    the system as a whole. In order to keep this latency low
	    also in the future, most signals from processes to ports
	    are by default still delivered immediately as long as no
	    conflicts occur. Such conflicts include not being able to
	    acquire the port lock, but also include other conflicts.
	    When a conflict occur, the signal will be scheduled for
	    delivery at a later time. A scheduled signal delivery may
	    cause a higher latency for this specific communication,
	    but improves the overall performance of the system since
	    it reduce lock contention between schedulers. The default
	    behavior of only scheduling delivery of these signals on
	    conflict can be changed by passing the <seealso
	    marker="erts:erl#+spp">+spp</seealso> command line flag
	    to <seealso marker="erts:erl">erl(1)</seealso>. The
	    behavior can also be changed on port basis using the
	    <seealso
	    marker="erts:erlang#open_port_parallelism">parallelism</seealso>
	    option of the <seealso
	    marker="erts:erlang#open_port-2">open_port/2</seealso>
	    BIF.</item> <tag>Execution time of the
	    <c>erlang:ports/0</c> BIF</tag> <item>Since <seealso
	    marker="erts:erlang#ports-0">erlang:ports/0</seealso> now
	    can be preempted, the responsiveness of the system as a
	    whole has been improved. A call to <c>erlang:ports/0</c>
	    may, however, take a much longer time to complete than
	    before. How much longer time heavily depends on the
	    system load.</item> <tag>Reduction cost of calling driver
	    callbacks</tag> <item>Calling a driver callback is quite
	    costly. This was previously not reflected in reduction
	    cost at all. Since the reduction cost now has increased,
	    a process performing lots of direct driver calls will be
	    scheduled out more frequently than before.</item>
	    </taglist>
	    <p><em>Potential incompatibilities</em>:</p> <list>
	    <item><c>driver_send_term()</c> has been deprecated and
	    has been scheduled for removal in OTP-R17. Replace usage
	    of <c>driver_send_term()</c> with usage of <seealso
	    marker="erts:erl_driver#erl_drv_send_term">erl_drv_send_term()</seealso>.</item>
	    <item><c>driver_output_term()</c> has been deprecated and
	    has been scheduled for removal in OTP-R17. Replace usage
	    of <c>driver_output_term()</c> with usage of <seealso
	    marker="erts:erl_driver#erl_drv_output_term">erl_drv_output_term()</seealso>.</item>
	    <item>The new function <seealso
	    marker="erts:erl_driver#erl_drv_busy_msgq_limits">erl_drv_busy_msgq_limits()</seealso>
	    has been added in order to able to control management of
	    port queues.</item> </list>
	    <p>The <seealso
	    marker="erts:erl_driver#version_management">driver API
	    version</seealso> has been bumped to 2.1 from 2.0 due to
	    the above changes in the driver API.</p>
          <p>
	    *** POTENTIAL INCOMPATIBILITY ***</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-10336 Aux Id: OTP-9892 </p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    The experimental support for packages has been removed.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-10348 Aux Id: kunagi-316 [227] </p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Wrong parameters when setting seq_trace-tokens from
	    within a trace-pattern could crash the VM. This is now
	    corrected.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-10522</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Erlang specification 4.7.3 defines max tuple size to
	    65535 elements It is now enforced to no more than
	    16777215 elements (arity 24 bits)</p>
          <p>
	    Previous edge cases (28 bits) were not validated and
	    could cause undefined behaviour.</p>
          <p>
	    *** POTENTIAL INCOMPATIBILITY ***</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-10633</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Add insert_element/3 and delete_element/2</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-10643</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    The previous default of a maximum of 32768 simultaneous
	    processes has been raised to 262144. This value can be
	    changed using the the <seealso
	    marker="erl#+P">+P</seealso> command line flag of
	    <seealso marker="erl">erl(1)</seealso>. Note that the
	    value passed now is considered as a hint, and that actual
	    value chosen in most cases will be a power of two.</p>
          <p>
	    *** POTENTIAL INCOMPATIBILITY ***</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-10647 Aux Id: OTP-9892, OTP-10336 </p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    The previously (in R15) proposed scheduler wakeup
	    strategy is now used by default. This strategy is not as
	    quick to forget about previous overload as the previous
	    strategy.</p>
          <p>
	    This change imply changes of the characteristics the
	    system. Most notable: When a small overload comes and
	    then disappears repeatedly, the system will for a bit
	    longer time be willing to wake up schedulers than before.
	    Timing in the system will due to this also change.</p>
          <p>
	    The previous strategy can still be enabled by passing the
	    <seealso marker="erl#+sws">+sws legacy</seealso> command
	    line flag to <c>erl</c>.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-10661 Aux Id: OTP-10033 </p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    The <seealso marker="erl#+stbt">+stbt</seealso> command line
	    argument of <c>erl</c> was added. This argument can be
	    used for trying to set scheduler bind type. Upon failure
	    unbound schedulers will be used.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-10668</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Support ANSI in console</p>
          <p>
	    Unix platforms will no longer filter control sequences to
	    the ttsl driver thus enabling ANSI and colors in console.
	    (Thanks to Pedram Nimreezi)</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-10678</p>
        </item>
        <item>
	    <p>Add file:allocate/3 operation</p>
	    <p>This operation allows pre-allocation of space for
	    files. It succeeds only on systems that support such
	    operation. (Thanks to Filipe David Manana)</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-10680</p>
        </item>
        <item>
	    <p>Treat <c>-Wreturn-type</c> warnings as error when
	    using GCC (Thanks to Tuncer Ayaz)</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-10683</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Implement ./otp_build configure --enable-silent-rules</p>
          <p>
	    With silent rules, the output of make is less verbose and
	    compilation warnings are easier to spot. Silent rules are
	    disabled by default and can be disabled or enabled at
	    will by make V=0 and make V=1. (Thanks to Anthony Ramine)</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-10726</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Use share flags for all file operations on Windows.
	    Thanks to Filipe David Borba Manana.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-10727</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Make/fakefop adjustments. Thanks to Tuncer Ayaz and
	    Sebastian Rasmussen.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-10733</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    The runtime system will now by default use 10 async
	    threads if thread support has been enabled when building
	    the runtime system.</p>
          <p>
	    This will prevent long blocking file-operations from
	    blocking scheduler threads for long periods of time,
	    which can be harmful. Apart from file-operations, it also
	    effects other operations scheduled on the async thread
	    pool by user implemented drivers.</p>
          <p>
	    The amount of async threads can be controlled by using
	    the <seealso
	    marker="erl#async_thread_pool_size"><c>+A</c></seealso>
	    command line argument of <c>erl(1)</c>. When running some
	    offline tools you <em>might</em> want to disable async
	    threads, but you are advised <em>not</em> to in the
	    general case. Instead, you might want to increase the
	    amount of async threads used.</p>
          <p>
	    This change imply changes of the characteristics the
	    system compared to the previous default. The
	    responsiveness of the system as a whole will be improved.
	    Operations scheduled on the async thread pool will get an
	    increased latency. The throughput of these operations may
	    increase, or decrease depending on the type of the
	    operations and how they get scheduled. In the case of
	    file operations, the throughput very much depends on how
	    the Erlang application access files. Multiple concurrent
	    accesses to different files have the potential of an
	    increased throughput.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-10736</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    The default reader group limit has been increased to 64
	    from 8. This limit can be set using the <c>+rg</c>
	    command line argument of <c>erl(1)</c>.</p>
          <p>
	    This change of default value will reduce lock contention
	    on ETS tables using the <c>read_concurrency</c> option at
	    the expense of memory consumption when the amount of
	    schedulers and logical processors are beween 8 and 64.
	    For more information, see documentation of the <c>+rg</c>
	    command line argument of <c>erl(1)</c>.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-10737</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    New BIF float_to_list/2 which solves a problem of
	    float_to_list/1 that doesn't allow specifying the number
	    of digits after the decimal point when formatting floats
	    (Thanks to Serge Aleynikov).</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-10752</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Limited support for unicode atoms in the external format
	    and in the internal representation of the vm. This is a
	    preparative feature in order to support communication
	    with future releases of Erlang/OTP that may create
	    unicode atoms.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-10753</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Increased potential concurrency in ETS for
	    <c>write_concurrency</c> option. The number of internal
	    table locks has increased from 16 to 64. This makes it
	    four times less likely that two concurrent processes
	    writing to the same table would collide and thereby
	    serialized. The cost is an increased constant memory
	    footprint for tables using write_concurrency. The memory
	    consumption per inserted record is not affected. The
	    increased footprint can be particularly large if
	    <c>write_concurrency</c> is combined with
	    <c>read_concurrency</c>.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-10787</p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>

</section>

<section><title>Erts 5.9.3.1</title>

    <section><title>Known Bugs and Problems</title>
      <list>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Create an erl_crash.dump if no heart exists and no
	    ERL_CRASH_DUMP_SECONDS is set (behaviour changed).</p>
          <p>
	    Don't create an erl_crash.dump if heart do exists and no
	    ERL_CRASH_DUMP_SECONDS is set (behaviour not changed).</p>
          <p>
	    This changes the behaviour back to the R15B02 default
	    considering if a beam was running with no heart.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-10602</p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>

</section>

<section><title>Erts 5.9.3</title>

    <section><title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
      <list>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Fix linking in OpenBSD. (Thanks to Matthew Dempsky)</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-10395</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Fix bug causing fallback atomics to be used even though
	    healthy gcc atomics or libatomic_ops was detected.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-10418</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Ensure 'erl_crash.dump' when asked for it. This will
	    change erl_crash.dump behaviour.</p>
          <p>
	    * Not setting ERL_CRASH_DUMP_SECONDS will now terminate
	    beam immediately on a crash without writing a crash dump
	    file.</p>
          <p>
	    * Setting ERL_CRASH_DUMP_SECONDS to 0 will also terminate
	    beam immediately on a crash without writing a crash dump
	    file, i.e. same as not setting ERL_CRASH_DUMP_SECONDS
	    environment variable.</p>
          <p>
	    * Setting ERL_CRASH_DUMP_SECONDS to a negative value will
	    let the beam wait indefinitely on the crash dump file
	    being written.</p>
          <p>
	    * Setting ERL_CRASH_DUMP_SECONDS to a positive value will
	    let the beam wait that many seconds on the crash dump
	    file being written.</p>
          <p>
	    A positive value will set an alarm/timeout for restart
	    both in beam and in heart if heart is running.</p>
          <p>
	    *** POTENTIAL INCOMPATIBILITY ***</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-10422 Aux Id: kunagi-250 [161] </p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Fix bug where MSVRT100.dll was not included in the
	    windows installer.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-10481</p>
        </item>
        <item>
	    <p>In the expression
	    <c>&lt;&lt;Bin/binary,...&gt;&gt;</c>, if <c>Bin</c> was
	    a bitstring with a size not a multiple of 8, either no
	    exception was generated or an incorrect exception was
	    generated. (Thanks to Adam Rutkowski for reporting this
	    bug.)</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-10524</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    The runtime system could crash while scheduling a port
	    task. The port task was scheduled either due to an
	    external I/O event being triggered, a driver timeout
	    being triggered, or data being sent over a distribution
	    channel.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-10556</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    <c>erlang:memory(ets)</c> erroneously included the size
	    of each ETS-table main structure twice.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-10558</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Fix compile error in generated file hipe_amd64_bifs.S for
	    Solaris.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-10577</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    A faulty spec for process_info/2 could cause false
	    dialyzer warnings. The spec is corrected.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-10584</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    In very rare cases, the VM could crash if a garbage
	    collector was called while executing an appending bit
	    syntax instruction. The symptom was a core when
	    reallocating memory in the function erts_bs_append. The
	    garbage collector bug is now corrected.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-10590</p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>


    <section><title>Improvements and New Features</title>
      <list>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Improve support for building and testing in embedded ppc
	    environments.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-10265 Aux Id: kunagi-159
	    [daf97f67-5724-4812-a5b6-7e86990133d2-1] </p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Due to a race condition on Windows, sometimes when
	    printing to standard output and then immediately
	    terminating erlang all data would not be printed. The
	    emulator now waits for all data to be printed before
	    exiting.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-10325 Aux Id: kunagi-166
	    [dd72d0e2-3e76-4a51-8b56-7564e24eecae] </p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    The frequency with which sleeping schedulers are woken
	    due to outstanding memory deallocation jobs has been
	    reduced.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-10476 Aux Id: OTP-10162 </p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Clearer warnings about the dangers of misuse of <seealso
	    marker="erl_nif#WARNING">native functions</seealso> and
	    <seealso marker="erl_driver#WARNING">drivers</seealso>
	    have been added to the documentation.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-10557</p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>

</section>

<section><title>Erts 5.9.2</title>

    <section><title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
      <list>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Fix erl_prim_loader errors in handling of primary
	    archive. The following errors have been corrected:</p>
          <list> <item> If primary archive was named "xxx", then a
	    file in the same directory named "xxxyyy" would be
	    interpreted as a file named "yyy" inside the archive.
	    </item> <item> erl_prim_loader did not correctly create
	    and normalize absolute paths for primary archive and
	    files inside it, so unless given with exact same path
	    files inside the archive would not be found. E.g. if
	    escript was started as /full/path/to/xxx then
	    "./xxx/file" would not be found since erl_prim_loader
	    would try to match /full/path/to/xxx with
	    /full/path/to/./xxx. Same problem with ../. </item>
	    <item> Depending on how the primary archive was built,
	    erl_prim_loader:list_dir/1 would sometimes return an
	    empty string inside the file list. This was a virtual
	    element representing the top directory of the archive.
	    This has been removed. </item>
          </list>
          <p>
	    Thanks to Tuncer Ayaz and Shunichi Shinohara for
	    reporting and co-authoring corrections.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-10071</p>
        </item>
        <item>
	    <p>Fix: Add port-I/O statistics for active once and true
	    and not only active false.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-10073</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    The 64-bit windows installer did not look in the right
	    directories for 64-bit version of Microsoft Visual C++
	    2010 Redistibutable Package and hence took the wrong
	    decision about having to install the redistributable
	    package if the 32-bit version was installed but not the
	    64-bit and vice versa. This bug has now been fixed
	    Furthermore the sub-installer for the redistributable
	    package is now run in silent mode if the erlang installer
	    is.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-10096</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    epmd would fail to start automatically when starting a
	    distributed erlang node installed in a location with a
	    whitespace in the path.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-10106</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    A more or less harmless bug that sometimes caused memory
	    deallocations to be delayed longer than intended has been
	    fixed.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-10116</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Fix bug causing emulator crash when running HiPE on ARM.
	    Bug has existed since R15B.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-10137</p>
        </item>
        <item>
	    <p> A bug regarding spaces in C function prototypes has
	    been fixed. (Thanks to Richard O'Keefe.) </p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-10138</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Corrected dtrace pid length in message related probes.
	    (Thanks to Zheng Siyao)</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-10142</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Correct formating in exit error messages</p>
          <p>
	    Ensure displayed sizes are not negative. (Thanks to
	    Michael Santos)</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-10148</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    fix escript/primary archive reloading</p>
          <p>
	    If the mtime of an escript/primary archive file changes
	    after being added to the code path, correctly reload the
	    archive and update the cache. (Thanks to Tuncer Ayaz)</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-10151</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Doc fix: link from erlang:now/0 to os:timestamp/0</p>
          <p>
	    Sometimes os:timestamp/0 is more appropriate than
	    erlang:now/0. The documentation for the former has a link
	    to the latter; this patch adds a link in the other
	    direction to make os:timestamp/0 more visible. Thanks to
	    Magnus Henoch</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-10180</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    The caret in the werl window (on Windows) could appear at
	    the wrong place after regaining focus. This is now
	    corrected.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-10181</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Fix bug that in some cases could cause corrupted binaries
	    in ETS tables with <c>compressed</c> option.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-10182</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Fix use of "clever" mktime</p>
          <p>
	    Commit 1eef765 introduced regression (conditional
	    _always_ evaluates to true) in which
	    erlang:localtime_to_universaltime/2 stopped working on
	    systems configured with timezone without DST (i.e. UTC)
	    on *BSD platforms: 1>
	    erlang:localtime_to_universaltime({{2012,1,1},{0,0,0}},
	    true). ** exception error: bad argument Thanks to Piotr
	    Sikora</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-10187</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Relocate bodies of DTrace probes to the statically-linked
	    VM.</p>
          <p>
	    Due to various operating systems (in both the DTrace and
	    SystemTap worlds) not fully supporting DTrace probes (or
	    SystemTap-compatibility mode probes) in shared libraries,
	    we relocate those probes to the statically-linked virtual
	    machine. This could be seen as pollution of the pristine
	    VM by a (yet) experimental feature. However:</p>
          <p>
	    1. This code can be eliminated completely by the C
	    preprocessor. 2. Leaving the probes in the dyntrace NIF
	    shared library simply does not work correctly on too many
	    platforms. *Many* thanks to Macneil Shonle at Basho for
	    assisting when my RSI-injured fingers gave out. (note:
	    Solaris 10 and FreeBSD 9.0-RELEASE can take a long time
	    to compile)</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-10189</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Fix bug in <c>ets:test_ms/2</c> that could cause emulator
	    crash when using <c>'$_'</c> in match spec.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-10190</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Supplying a filename longer than the operating system
	    MAX_PATH to file:read_link/1 would cause a crash
	    (Segemntation fault/Critical Error) on all platforms.
	    This is now corrected.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-10200</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    If Perl was configured to interpret files as being
	    encoded in UTF-8, the build would crash in
	    <c>make_preload</c>. (Thanks to Aaron Harnly for noticing
	    this issue.)</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-10201</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Fix the erlc -MP flag</p>
          <p>
	    Because of a copy-and-paste error in erlc.c, the -MP flag
	    had the same effect as -MG. As a workaround, you had to
	    pass +makedep_phony to enable the MP option. This patch
	    makes -MP work as intended.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-10211</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Allow mixed IPv4 and IPv6 addresses to sctp_bindx</p>
          <p>
	    Also allow mixed address families to bind, since the
	    first address on a multihomed sctp socket must be bound
	    with bind, while the rest are to be bound using
	    sctp_bindx. At least Linux supports adding address of
	    mixing families. Make inet_set_faddress function
	    available also when HAVE_SCTP is not defined, since we
	    use it to find an address for bind to be able to mix ipv4
	    and ipv6 addresses. Thanks to Tomas Abrahamsson</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-10217</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Fix support for leap seconds-aware timezones</p>
          <p>
	    erlang:universaltime_to_localtime is leap seconds-aware
	    (since 2008), however erlang:localtime_to_universaltime
	    is not, which gives surprising results on systems
	    configured with leap seconds-aware timezones: 1>
	    erlang:universaltime_to_localtime({{2012,1,1},{0,0,0}}).
	    {{2012,1,1},{0,0,0}} 2>
	    erlang:localtime_to_universaltime({{2012,1,1},{0,0,0}}).
	    {{2012,1,1},{0,0,24}} and completely breaks
	    calendar:local_time_to_universal_time_dst: 3>
	    calendar:local_time_to_universal_time_dst({{2011,1,1},{0,0,0}}).
	    [] Thanks to Piotr Sikora</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-10227</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    erlsrv: gracefully stop emulator on Windows shutdown</p>
          <p>
	    Windows will send the SERVICE_CONTROL_SHUTDOWN event to
	    the service control handler when shutting down the
	    system. Instead of ignoring the event, erlsrv will now
	    invoke the stop action. Likewise, the Erlang emulator
	    (and it's po drivers) must not quit upon reception of the
	    CTRL_SHUTDOWN_EVENT event in th console control handler.
	    Thanks to Jan Kloetzke</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-10228</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Fix dtrace bug in file rename operation.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-10234</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Fix bug in memory management of driver port data locks
	    (PDL). In some cases PDLs could be deallocated before
	    <c>ready_async</c> or <c>async_free</c> callback was
	    called.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-10249</p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>


    <section><title>Improvements and New Features</title>
      <list>
        <item>
	    <p>Add port and suspend options to lock-counter
	    profiling. (Thanks to Rick Reed)</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-10051</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Latency when using the active_once option in gen_tcp
	    communication is reduced.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-10055 Aux Id: sto139 </p>
        </item>
        <item>
	    <p>Remove bit8 option support from inet</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-10056</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    The OS Pid of a port program is now available by calling
	    erlang:port_info(Port,os_pid), Thanks to Matthias Lang
	    for the original patch.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-10057</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Fix openpty usage in run_erl. </p>
          <p>
	    Reopening a slave file descriptor which was closed
	    earlier could lead to a misbehaving connection. This has
	    now been remedied.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-10076</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Remove all code, documentation, options and diagnostic
	    functions which were related to the experimental hybrid
	    heap implementation.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-10105</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Optimizations of memory deallocations.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-10162 Aux Id: OTP-7775 </p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Optimization of process locking.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-10163</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Added a xcomp example file for powerpc-dso-linux-gnu</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-10198</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Detect when middle endian doubles are used by a platform
	    and account for it when decoding floats. (Thanks to Mike
	    Sperber)</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-10209</p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>

</section>

<section><title>Erts 5.9.1.2</title>

    <section><title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
      <list>
        <item>
          <p>
	    On Linux systems using heart (erl -heart) and a
	    HEAR_BEAT_TIMEOUT less than default, heart could fire
	    even though Erlang was running fine after approx 298 to
	    497 days (depending on kernel config). This was due to
	    the behaviour of the times(2) system call. Usage of
	    times(2) is now replaced with clock_gettime(2) and the
	    CLOCK_MONOTONIC clock, resulting in a more stable
	    solution. The Erlang VM itself has used clock_gettime(2)
	    on linux since before R12B, so this only affects the
	    heart program.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-10111 Aux Id: seq12075 </p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>

</section>

<section><title>Erts 5.9.1.1</title>

    <section><title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
      <list>
        <item>
          <p>
	    If threads support for the runtime system had been
	    disabled at compile time (<c>--disable-threads</c> had
	    been passed to <c>configure</c>), and the <c>+A</c>
	    command line argument of <c>erl</c> was passed when
	    starting the runtime system, <seealso
	    marker="erl_driver#driver_system_info">driver_system_info()</seealso>
	    erroneously claimed that the runtime system had async
	    threads even though it had not.</p>
          <p>
	    Due to this bug the file driver did not split tasks into
	    smaller chunks, but instead completed the whole task at
	    once, i.e., the scheduler got occupied with I/O for a
	    longer time than intended.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-10059</p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>


    <section><title>Improvements and New Features</title>
      <list>
        <item>
          <p>
	    A proposal for a new scheduler wakeup strategy has been
	    implemented. For more information see the documentation
	    of the <seealso marker="erl#+sws">+sws</seealso> command
	    line argument of <c>erl</c>.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-10033 Aux Id: Seq12025 </p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    A switch for configuration of busy wait length for
	    scheduler threads has been added. For more information
	    see the documentation of the <seealso
	    marker="erl#+sbwt">+sbwt</seealso> command line argument
	    of <c>erl</c>.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-10044 Aux Id: Seq11976 </p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    The extra memory barriers introduced by bug-fix OTP-9281
	    were unnecessarily used also on tables without the
	    <c>write_concurrency</c> option enabled. This could
	    unnecessarily degrade performance of ETS tables without
	    <c>write_concurrency</c> on some hardware (e.g. PowerPC)
	    while not effecting performance at all on other hardware
	    (e.g. x86/x86_64).</p>
          <p>
	    OTP-9281 (R14B03): ETS tables using the
	    <c>write_concurrency</c> option could potentially get
	    into an internally inconsistent state.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-10048 Aux Id: OTP-9281 </p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>

</section>

<section><title>Erts 5.9.1</title>

    <section><title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
      <list>
        <item>
	    <p><c>erlang:system_profile</c> errorneous profiled the
	    profiler process when observing runnable processes. This
	    has been corrected. </p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-9849</p>
        </item>
        <item>
	    <p>Calling trace_info/2 asking for information about a
	    function that had native could could crash the run-time
	    system.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-9886</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    reduce smp locking time range in erts_garbage_collect
	    (thanks to Jovi Zhang)</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-9912</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Fix typo in supervisor behaviour doc (Thanks to Ricardo
	    Catalinas Jiménez)</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-9924</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Correct spelling of registered (Thanks to Richard
	    Carlsson)</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-9925</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    erts: Remove unused variable (Thanks to Jovi Zhang)</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-9926</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Fix bug in ETS with <c>compressed</c> option and
	    insertion of term containing large integers (>2G) on
	    64-bit machines. Seen to cause emulator crash. (Thanks to
	    Diego Llarrull for excellent bug report)</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-9932</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Handle Linux OS where /sys/devices/system/node is only
	    readable by root. Fallback to /sys/devices/system/cpu for
	    topology info.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-9978</p>
        </item>
        <item>
	    <p> When an escript ends now all printout to standard
	    output and standard error gets out on the terminal. This
	    bug has been corrected by changing the behaviour of
	    erlang:halt/0,1, which should fix the same problem for
	    other escript-like applications, i.e that data stored in
	    the output port driver buffers got lost when printing on
	    a TTY and exiting through erlang:halt/0,1. </p>
	    <p> The BIF:s erlang:halt/0,1 has gotten improved
	    semantics and there is a new BIF erlang:halt/2 to
	    accomplish something like the old semantics. See the
	    documentation. </p>
	    <p> Now erlang:halt/0 and erlang:halt/1 with an integer
	    argument will close all ports and allow all pending async
	    threads operations to finish before exiting the emulator.
	    Previously erlang:halt/0 and erlang:halt(0) would just
	    wait for pending async threads operations but not close
	    ports. And erlang:halt/1 with a non-zero integer argument
	    would not even wait for pending async threads operations.
	    </p>
	    <p> To roughly the old behaviour, to not wait for ports
	    and async threads operations when you exit the emulator,
	    you use erlang:halt/2 with an integer first argument and
	    an option list containing {flush,false} as the second
	    argument. Note that now is flushing not dependant of the
	    exit code, and you can not only flush async threads
	    operations which we deemed as a strange behaviour anyway.
	    </p>
	    <p>Also, erlang:halt/1,2 has gotten a new feature: If the
	    first argument is the atom 'abort' the emulator is
	    aborted producing a core dump, if the operating system so
	    allows. </p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-9985</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Added check to inet driver to avoid building on operating
	    systems that do not yet have IPv6 compatible socket API.
	    (Thanks to Peer Stritzinger)</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-9996</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Fix bug when the number of CPUs actually found is lower
	    than the configured value. (Thanks to Benjamin
	    Herrenschmidt)</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-10004</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    The runtime system without SMP support and without thread
	    support erroneously busy waited when no work was present.
	    This bug first appeared in <c>erts-5.9</c>.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-10019</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Various typographical errors corrected in documentation
	    for common_test, driver, erl_driver and windows
	    installation instructions. (Thanks to Tuncer Ayaz)</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-10037</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Fix memory leak caused by race on exiting process</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-10041</p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>


    <section><title>Improvements and New Features</title>
      <list>
        <item>
	    <p>Add <c>erlang:statistics(scheduler_wall_time)</c> to
	    ensure correct determination of scheduler utilization.
	    Measuring scheduler utilization is strongly preferred
	    over CPU utilization, since CPU utilization gives very
	    poor indications of actual scheduler/vm usage.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-9858</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    ERTS internal API improvements. In some cases the amount
	    of atomic read operations needed have been reduced due to
	    this.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-9922</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    The DTrace source patch from Scott Lystig Fritchie is
	    integrated in the source tree. Using an emulator with
	    dtrace probe is still not supported for production use,
	    but may be a valuable debugging tool. Configure with
	    --with-dynamic-trace=dtrace (or
	    --with-dynamic-trace=systemtap) to create a build with
	    dtrace probes enabled. See runtime_tools for
	    documentation and examples.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-10017</p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>


    <section><title>Known Bugs and Problems</title>
      <list>
        <item>
          <p>
	    enif_make_copy may invalidate enif_inspect_binary.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-9828</p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>

</section>

<section><title>Erts 5.9.0.1</title>

    <section><title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
      <list>
        <item>
          <p>
	    A feature test for the <c>lwsync</c> instruction
	    performed on PowerPC hardware at runtime system startup
	    got into an eternal loop if the instruction was not
	    supported. This bug was introduced in erts-5.9/OTP-R15B.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-9843</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    I/O events could potentially be delayed for ever when
	    enabling kernel-poll on a non-SMP runtime system
	    executing on Solaris. When also combined with
	    async-threads the runtime system hung before completing
	    the boot phase. This bug was introduced in
	    erts-5.9/OTP-R15B.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-9844</p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>

</section>

<section><title>Erts 5.9</title>

    <section><title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
      <list>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Honor option <c>packet_size</c> for http packet parsing
	    by both TCP socket and <c>erlang:decode_packet</c>. This
	    gives the ability to accept HTTP headers larger than the
	    default setting, but also avoid DoS attacks by accepting
	    lines only up to whatever length you wish to allow. For
	    consistency, packet type <c>line</c> also honor option
	    <c>packet_size</c>. (Thanks to Steve Vinoski)</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-9389</p>
        </item>
        <item>
	    <p> A few contracts in the <c>lists</c> module have been
	    corrected. </p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-9616</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    The Unicode noncharacter code points 16#FFFE and 16#FFFE
	    were not allowed to be encoded or decoded using the
	    <c>unicode</c> module or bit syntax. That was
	    inconsistent with the other noncharacters 16#FDD0 to
	    16#FDEF that could be encoded/decoded. To resolve the
	    inconsistency, 16#FFFE and 16#FFFE can now be encoded and
	    decoded. (Thanks to Alisdair Sullivan.)</p>
          <p>
	    *** POTENTIAL INCOMPATIBILITY ***</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-9624</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Make epp search directory of current file first when
	    including another file This completes a partial fix in
	    R11 that only worked for include_lib(). (Thanks to
	    Richard Carlsson)</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-9645</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Fixed memory leak in
	    <c>enif_inspect_io_list_as_binary</c> when applied on a
	    process independent environment.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-9668</p>
        </item>
        <item>
	    <p>The number of beam catches allowed in code are no
	    longer statically defined and will grow according to its
	    need.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-9692</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Add missing parenthesis in heart doc.</p>
          <p>
	    Add missing spaces in the Reference Manual distributed
	    section.</p>
          <p>
	    In the HTML version of the doc those spaces are necessary
	    to separate those words.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-9693</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Fixes module erlang doc style: option description (Thanks
	    to Ricardo Catalinas Jiménez)</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-9697</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Specifying a scope to binary:match/3 when using multiple
	    searchstrings resulted in faulty return values. This is
	    now corrected.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-9701</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    The runtime system crashed if more than one thread tried
	    to exit the runtime system at the same time.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-9705</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Fix documentation for erlang:process_flag/2</p>
          <p>
	    For the subsection about process_flag(save_calls, N)
	    there's an unrelated paragraph about process priorities
	    which was copied from the preceeding subsection regarding
	    process_flag(priority, Level). (Thanks to Filipe David
	    Manana)</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-9714</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Calls to <c>erlang:system_flag(schedulers_online, N)</c>
	    and/or <c>erlang:system_flag(multi_scheduling,
	    block|unblock)</c> could cause internal data used by this
	    functionality to get into an inconsistent state. When
	    this happened various problems occurred. This bug was
	    quite hard to trigger, so hopefully no-one has been
	    effected by it.</p>
          <p>
	    A spinlock used by the run-queue management sometimes got
	    heavily contended. This code has now been rewritten, and
	    the spinlock has been removed.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-9727</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Use libdlpi to get physical address (Thanks to Trond
	    Norbye)</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-9818</p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>


    <section><title>Improvements and New Features</title>
      <list>
        <item>
	    <p> An option list argument can now be passed to
	    <c>file:read_file_info/2, file:read_link_info/2</c> and
	    <c>file:write_file_info/3</c> and set time type
	    information in the call. Valid options are <c>{time,
	    local}, {time, universal}</c> and <c>{time, posix}</c>.
	    In the case of <c>posix</c> time no conversions are made
	    which makes the operation a bit faster. </p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-7687</p>
        </item>
        <item>
	    <p>A number of memory allocation optimizations have been
	    implemented. Most optimizations reduce contention caused
	    by synchronization between threads during allocation and
	    deallocation of memory. Most notably:</p> <list> <item>
	    Synchronization of memory management in scheduler
	    specific allocator instances has been rewritten to use
	    lock-free synchronization. </item> <item> Synchronization
	    of memory management in scheduler specific pre-allocators
	    has been rewritten to use lock-free synchronization.
	    </item> <item> The 'mseg_alloc' memory segment allocator
	    now use scheduler specific instances instead of one
	    instance. Apart from reducing contention this also
	    ensures that memory allocators always create memory
	    segments on the local NUMA node on a NUMA system. </item>
	    </list>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-7775</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    The ethread atomic memory operations API used by the
	    runtime system has been extended and improved.</p>
          <p>
	    The ethread library now also performs runtime tests for
	    presence of hardware features, such as for example SSE2
	    instructions, instead of requiring this to be determined
	    at compile time.</p>
          <p>
	    All uses of the old deprecated atomic API in the runtime
	    system have been replaced with the use of the new atomic
	    API. In a lot of places this change imply a relaxation of
	    memory barriers used.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-9014</p>
        </item>
        <item>
	    <p>gen_sctp:open/0-2 may now return
	    {error,eprotonosupport} if SCTP is not supported</p>
	    <p>gen_sctp:peeloff/1 has been implemented and creates a
	    one-to-one socket which also are supported now</p>
          <p>
	    *** POTENTIAL INCOMPATIBILITY ***</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-9239</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Sendfile has been added to the file module's API.
	    sendfile/2 is used to read data from a file and send it
	    to a tcp socket using a zero copying mechanism if
	    available on that OS.</p>
          <p>
	    Thanks to Tuncer Ayaz and Steve Vinovski for original
	    implementation</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-9240</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    enif_get_reverse_list function added to nif API. This
	    function should be used to reverse small lists which are
	    deep within other structures making it impractical to do
	    the reverse in Erlang.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-9392</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    The deprecated concat_binary/1 BIF has been removed. Use
	    <c>list_to_binary</c> or <c>iolist_to_binary/1</c>
	    instead.</p>
          <p>
	    *** POTENTIAL INCOMPATIBILITY ***</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-9421</p>
        </item>
        <item>
	    <p>Erlang/OTP can now be built using parallel make if you
	    limit the number of jobs, for instance using '<c>make
	    -j6</c>' or '<c>make -j10</c>'. '<c>make -j</c>' does not
	    work at the moment because of some missing
	    dependencies.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-9451</p>
        </item>
        <item>
	    <p>Line number and filename information are now included
	    in exception backtraces as a fourth element in the MFA
	    tuple. The information will be pretty-printed by the
	    shell and used by <c>common_test</c> to provide better
	    indication of where a test case.</p>
          <p>
	    *** POTENTIAL INCOMPATIBILITY ***</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-9468</p>
        </item>
        <item>
	    <p>All binary constants used to be handled as heap
	    binaries (i.e. the entire binary would be copied when
	    sent to another process). Binary constants larger than 64
	    bytes are now refc binaries (i.e. the actual data in the
	    binary will not be copied when sent to another
	    process).</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-9486</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    If a float and an integer is compared, the integer is
	    only converted to a float if the float datatype can
	    contain it. Otherwise the float is converted to an
	    integer.</p>
          <p>
	    *** POTENTIAL INCOMPATIBILITY ***</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-9497</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Add NIF function enif_is_number</p>
          <p>
	    This function allows for easily determining if a term
	    represents or not a number (integer, float, small or
	    big).(Thanks to Filipe David Manana)</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-9629</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    The ERTS internal system block functionality has been
	    replaced by new functionality for blocking the system.
	    The old system block functionality had contention issues
	    and complexity issues. The new functionality piggy-backs
	    on thread progress tracking functionality needed by newly
	    introduced lock-free synchronization in the runtime
	    system. When the functionality for blocking the system
	    isn't used, there is more or less no overhead at all.
	    This since the functionality for tracking thread progress
	    is there and needed anyway.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-9631</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    An ERTS internal, generic, many to one, lock-free queue
	    for communication between threads has been introduced.
	    The many to one scenario is very common in ERTS, so it
	    can be used in a lot of places in the future. Currently
	    it is used by scheduling of certain jobs, and the async
	    thread pool, but more uses are planned for the future.</p>
          <p>
	    Drivers using the driver_async functionality are not
	    automatically locked to the system anymore, and can be
	    unloaded as any dynamically linked in driver.</p>
          <p>
	    Scheduling of ready async jobs is now also interleaved in
	    between other jobs. Previously all ready async jobs were
	    performed at once.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-9632</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Tuple funs (a two-element tuple with a module name and a
	    function) are now officially deprecated and will be
	    removed in R16. Use '<c>fun M:F/A</c>' instead. To make
	    you aware that your system uses tuple funs, the very
	    first time a tuple fun is applied, a warning will be sent
	    to the error logger.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-9649</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Changed the internal BIF calling convention. Will make
	    simpler faster code and allow BIFs with an arbitrary
	    arity.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-9662</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Windows native critical sections are now used internally
	    in the runtime system on Windows as mutex implementation.
	    This since they perform better under extreme contention
	    than our own implementation.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-9671</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Convert some erl_nif macros into inline functions. Allow
	    for better compile time type checking. (Thanks to Tuncer
	    Ayaz)</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-9675</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    The <c>+scl</c> command line flag has been added. It can
	    be used for disabling compaction of scheduler load. For
	    more information see the <c>erl(1)</c> documentation.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-9695</p>
        </item>
        <item>
	    <p>The build system has been updated so that Erlang/OTP
	    can be built on Mac OS X Lion systems without a GCC
	    compiler. The INSTALL guide has been updated with
	    instructions on how to install a GCC compiler and build
	    Erlang/OTP with it, in order to get a run-time system
	    with better performance.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-9712</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    When loading a module, the system use to run on a single
	    scheduler during the entire loading process. This has
	    been changed to only take down the system just before
	    inserting the loaded code into the system tables,
	    resulting in a much shorter disruption if a module is
	    loaded in a busy system. (Suggested by Bob Ippolito.)</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-9720</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Possible to run HiPE without floating point exceptions
	    (FPE). Useful on platforms that lack reliable FPE. Slower
	    float operations compared to HiPE with FPE.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-9724</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    As of ERTS version 5.9 (OTP-R15B) the runtime system will
	    by default <em>not</em> bind schedulers to logical
	    processors.</p>
          <p>
	    If the Erlang runtime system is the only operating system
	    process that binds threads to logical processors, this
	    improves the performance of the runtime system. However,
	    if other operating system processes (as for example
	    another Erlang runtime system) also bind threads to
	    logical processors, there might be a performance penalty
	    instead. In some cases this performance penalty might be
	    severe. Due to this, we change the default so that the
	    user must make an active decision in order to bind
	    schedulers.</p>
          <p>
	    *** POTENTIAL INCOMPATIBILITY ***</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-9726</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    The use of <c>erlang:system_flag(scheduler_bind_type,
	    _)</c> and <c>erlang:system_flag(cpu_topology, _)</c>
	    have been deprecated and scheduled for removal in
	    erts-5.10/OTP-R16. For more information see the
	    documentation of <c>erlang:system_flag/2</c>.</p>
          <p>
	    *** POTENTIAL INCOMPATIBILITY ***</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-9749</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    An ancient workaround for a Windows bug was removed from
	    the open_port code, open_port({spawn,...}...) is now
	    faster. Thanks to Daniel Goertzen.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-9766</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    The use of deprecated 32bit time_t on 32bit Windows is
	    removed.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-9767</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    The NIF <c>reload</c> mechanism is deprecated. Do not use
	    it as an upgrade method for live production systems. It
	    might be removed in future releases. It can still serve
	    as a development feature but a warning message will be
	    logged each time it is used.</p>
          <p>
	    *** POTENTIAL INCOMPATIBILITY ***</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-9771</p>
        </item>
        <item>
	    <p>The driver interface has been changed to enable 64-bit
	    aware drivers. Most importantly the return types for
	    ErlDrvEntry callbacks 'call' and 'control' has ben
	    enlarged which require drivers to be changed or they will
	    cause emulator crashes. See <seealso
	    marker="erl_driver#rewrites_for_64_bits"> Rewrites for
	    64-bit driver interface </seealso> in the driver manual.
	    </p>
	    <p>Due to this driver <seealso
	    marker="erl_driver#version_management">version
	    management</seealso> is now mandatory. A driver that is
	    not written with version management or a driver that was
	    compiled with the wrong major version will be not be
	    loaded by the emulator.</p>
          <p>
	    *** POTENTIAL INCOMPATIBILITY ***</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-9795</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Eliminate use of deprecated regexp module</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-9810</p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>

</section>

<section><title>Erts 5.8.5</title>

    <section><title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
      <list>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Several bugs concerning constant binary constructions
	    such as &lt;&lt;0:4294967295&gt;&gt; have been corrected.
	    Depending on the actual size of the binary and the type
	    of run-time system (32-bit, halfword, 64-bit), such
	    expression could either crash the run-time system or make
	    the loader refuse loading of the module.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-9284</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    The Erlsrv utility failed to stop the erlang machine if
	    no StopAction was defined when the service was stopped.
	    This is now corrected.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-9344</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Due to a bug in glibc the runtime system could abort
	    while trying to destroy a mutex. A fix for this was
	    introduced in R14B02. This fix did, however, not solve
	    the problem. The runtime system will now issue a warning
	    instead of aborting.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-9373 Aux Id: OTP-9009 </p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Replace atom in DRV macro in prim_file with string</p>
          <p>
	    An experimental version of Dialyzer discovered that the
	    atom that replaced the DRV macro in prim_file ends up in
	    calls to erlang:open_port({spawn, Driver}, Portopts) as
	    the Driver argument. The documentation states that this
	    call requires a string there.</p>
          <p>
	    This change is also consistent with the one introduced in
	    commit 0f03b1e9d2bef3bc830c31a369261af4c5234727 by Kostis
	    Sagonas.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-9377</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Fix typos in the epmd documentation (Thanks to Holger
	    Weiß )</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-9387</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Fix faulty integer terms created by NIF API from 64-bit
	    integers on halfword emulator. (Thanks to Paolo Negri and
	    Paul Davis)</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-9394</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Fix <c>epmd</c> crash on vxworks caused by faulty
	    argument to select() system call.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-9427 Aux Id: seq11855 </p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    The ets:test_ms function could in rare cases truncate the
	    error messages. This is now corrected.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-9435</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Fix bug related to hibernate and HiPE (clear
	    F_HIBERNATE_SCHED flag)</p>
          <p>
	    F_HIBERNATE_SCHED flag that was introduced in
	    b7ecdcd1ae9e11b8f75e must be cleared in hipe_mode_switch
	    as well. Otherwise, processes running HiPE code that
	    hibernate, wake up and then trap into a BIF will not be
	    rescheduled.(Thanks to Paul Guyot)</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-9452</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Fix bug in FreeBSD topology detection code (Thanks to
	    Paul Guyot)</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-9453</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Fix use of logical operator &amp;&amp; with constant
	    operand instead of bitwise &amp; (Thanks to Cristian
	    Greco)</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-9454</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    inet: error if fd does not match socket domain</p>
          <p>
	    If an IPv4 fd is opened as an IPv6 socket, unexpected
	    behaviour can occur. For example, if an IPv4 UDP socket
	    is opened and passed into Erlang as an IPv6 socket, the
	    first 3 bytes (corresponding to 1 byte representing the
	    protocol family, 2 bytes set to the port) are stripped
	    from the payload. The cause of the UDP payload truncation
	    happens in inet_drv.c:packet_inet_input when a call to
	    inet_get_address fails silently because the family is set
	    to PF_INET6 but the buffer len is the size of an IPv4
	    struct sockaddr_in.</p>
          <p>
	    (Thanks to Andrew Tunnell-Jones for finding the bug and
	    the test case!)</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-9455</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    erts: use a union to avoid strict aliasing issues</p>
          <p>
	    Use a union for pointer type conversion to avoid compiler
	    warnings about strict-aliasing violations with gcc-4.1.
	    gcc >= 4.2 does not emit the warning. erts: adapt
	    matrix_nif to R14 erl_nif API changes (Thanks To Tuncer
	    Ayaz)</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-9487</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    fix 64-bit issues in the garbage collection (Thanks to
	    Richard Carlsson)</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-9488</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    epmd: fix compiler warnings</p>
          <p>
	    Suppress compiler warnings about ignored return values.
	    (Thanks to Michael Santos )</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-9500</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Fix non-existing function (erlang:disconnect/1) in
	    distributed reference manual (Thanks to Fabian Król)</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-9504</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Document fdatasync -lrt requirement (SunOS &lt;= 5.10)
	    (Thanks to Tuncer Ayaz)</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-9512</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Let epmd ignore empty ERL_EPMD_ADDRESS</p>
          <p>
	    If the environment variable ERL_EPMD_ADDRESS is set to
	    the empty string, empd now behaves like it does by
	    default when ERL_EPMD_ADDRESS is unset. That is, in this
	    case, epmd now listens on all available interfaces
	    instead of using only the loopback interface, which
	    happened because epmd added the loopback address to the
	    (in this case empty) list of addresses specified via
	    ERL_EPMD_ADDRESS.</p>
          <p>
	    Also, epmd now ignores ERL_EPMD_ADDRESS if it contains
	    only separator characters (comma and space).</p>
          <p>
	    The same applies to epmd's -address option.(Thanks to
	    Holger Weiß)</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-9525</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Remove dead code in erl_compile (Thanks to Tuncer Ayaz)</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-9527</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Add erlang:external_size/2 BIF</p>
          <p>
	    This BIF's second parameter is a list of options.
	    Currently the only allowed option is {minor_version,
	    Version} where version is either 0 (default) or 1.
	    (Thanks to Filipe David Manana )</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-9528</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Fix enif_compare on 64bits machines</p>
          <p>
	    In 64bits machines the Sint type has a size of 8 bytes,
	    while on 32bits machines it has a 4 bytes size.
	    enif_compare was ignoring this and therefore returning
	    incorrect values when the result of the CMP function
	    (which returns a Sint value) doesn't fit in 4 bytes.
	    (Thanks to Filipe David Manana)</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-9533</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Implement or fix -Werror option</p>
          <p>
	    If -Werror is enabled and there are warnings no output
	    file is written. Also make sure that error/warning
	    reporting is consistent. (Thanks to Tuncer Ayaz)</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-9536</p>
        </item>
        <item>
	    <p>In some rare cases we did not have a run queue when
	    scheduling misc ops. This is now fixed.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-9537</p>
        </item>
        <item>
	    <p>Remove misc. compiler warnings</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-9542</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Two bugs in gen_sctp has been corrected: getopts/setopts
	    hence also send could only be called from socket owner,
	    and options 'linger', 'rcvbuf' and 'sndbuf' was read from
	    wrong protocol layer hence read wrong values by getopts.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-9544</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Erlang/OTP can now be built on MacOS X Lion.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-9547</p>
        </item>
        <item>
	    <p> XML files have been corrected. </p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-9550 Aux Id: OTP-9541 </p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Fix potential errors inspired by running cppcheck(1)
	    (Thanks to Christian von Roques)</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-9557</p>
        </item>
        <item>
	    <p>When auxiliary work was enqueued on a scheduler, the
	    wakeup of the scheduler in order to handle this work
	    could be lost. Wakeups in order to handle ordinary work
	    were not effected by this bug. The bug only effected
	    runtime systems with SMP support as follows:</p> <list>
	    <item>Deallocation of some ETS data structures could be
	    delayed.</item> <item>On Linux systems not using the NPTL
	    thread library (typically ancient systems with kernel
	    versions prior to 2.6) and Windows systems, the <c>{Port,
	    {exit_status, Status}}</c> message from a terminating
	    port program could be delayed. That is, it only effected
	    port programs which had been started by passing
	    <c>exit_status</c> as an option to
	    <c>open_port/2</c>.</item> </list>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-9567</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Handle rare race in the crypto key server functionality</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-9586</p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>


    <section><title>Improvements and New Features</title>
      <list>
        <item>
	    <p> Types and specifications have been added. </p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-9356</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    New allocator strategy "address order first fit". May
	    ease the emptying of memory carriers and thereby real
	    release of memory back to the OS.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-9424</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    The new <c>erlang:check_old_code/1</c> BIF checks whether
	    a module has old code.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-9495</p>
        </item>
        <item>
	    <p> Update documentation and specifications of some of
	    the zlib functions. </p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-9506</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Detect the available CPUs on IRIX</p>
          <p>
	    Add support for querying the number of configured and
	    online processors on SGI systems running IRIX.(Thanks to
	    Holger Weiß)</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-9531</p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>

</section>

<section><title>Erts 5.8.4</title>

    <section><title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
      <list>
        <item>
	    <p>Fix binary and iolist overflow problems. Typically
	    problems arose in length calculation where the result
	    would exceed (1 bsl 32 - 1).</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-9118</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Using the old erlang shell (i.e. erl instead on werl) on
	    windows and doing several init:restart's would eventually
	    hang the VM. That is no longer the case.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-9139</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Removed recursive C code when printing Erlang terms to
	    buffers, avoiding stack overflows that could cause VM to
	    crash.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-9140</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    The send_timeout option in gen_tcp did not work properly
	    in active mode or with {active,once} options. This is now
	    corrected.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-9145</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Fixed various typos across the documentation (Thanks to
	    Tuncer Ayaz)</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-9154</p>
        </item>
        <item>
	    <p>Remove duplicate stack entries which could occur after
	    calling certain BIFs.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-9163</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    A race when starting two nodes simultaneously using
	    run_erl has been removed.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-9164</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Add documentation on .erlang processing back again
	    (Thanks to Gabor Liptak)</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-9189</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Remove gratuitous paren in driver_entry(Thanks to Tuncer
	    Ayaz)</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-9192</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Fix some wrong pointer dereferences (Thanks to Cristian
	    Greco)</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-9194</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    erts: Remove unused variables (Thanks to Tuncer Ayaz)</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-9205</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    The documentation for <c>init:get_args/0</c> has been
	    removed. <c>init:get_args/0</c> itself was deprecated in
	    R9C and removed in R12B. (Thanks to Eric Pailleau.)</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-9209</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Allow user to specify the IP address epmd binds to</p>
          <p>
	    The IP address(es) epmd binds to can now be specified by
	    the user, either via epmd's new "-address" option or (if
	    that's not used) by setting the environment variable
	    ERL_EPMD_ADDRESS. Multiple addresses may be specified
	    using a comma-separated list. If the loopback address is
	    not in this list, it will be added implicitly, so that
	    the daemon can be queried by an interactive epmd
	    process.(Thanks to Holger Weiß)</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-9213</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    epmd: include host address in local access check</p>
          <p>
	    In FreeBSD jails, the source and destination address of
	    connections to localhost are changed to be the IP address
	    of the jail. Consider connections from the host's IP
	    address to itself (e.g., the source and destination
	    address match) to be local for the access control checks.
	    (Thanks to Michal Santos and Tom at diogunix.com)</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-9214</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Fix list returned by net_kernel:epmd_module</p>
          <p>
	    Function epmd_module of net_kernel returns a list instead
	    of an atom, when the epmd_module-flag is used. (Thanks to
	    Markus Knofe)</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-9215</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Fix epmd's dbg_perror() output</p>
          <p>
	    The dbg_perror() function now hands the current errno
	    value over to dbg_gen_printf(). This fixes the problem
	    that errno had been reset to zero by the time it was used
	    (to print the corresponding error message) in the
	    dbg_gen_printf() function. (Thanks to Holger Weiß)</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-9223</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    heart: remove garbage appended to heart command</p>
          <p>
	    heart:get_cmd/0 is documented to return an empty string
	    if the command is cleared. get_cmd/0 returns 2 extra
	    bytes: 1 byte for the trailing null, 1 byte from the op
	    (the op is an unsigned char and 2 bytes are allocated for
	    it in the returned buffer). (Thanks to Michael Santos)</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-9224</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    file: fix hang reading compressed files</p>
          <p>
	    The gzio driver goes into an infinite loop when reading
	    past the end of a compressed file. Reported-By: Alex
	    Morarash (Thanks to Michael Santos)</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-9245</p>
        </item>
        <item>
	    <p>Eliminate alias warnings from gcc 4.5.2</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-9250</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Unsigned integer may overflow in error message (Thanks to
	    Michael Santos)</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-9251</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Driver names should be strings, not atoms</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-9253</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    driver_entry: Remove gratuitous paren and fix typo
	    (Thanks to Tuncer Ayaz)</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-9254</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Fix format specifiers in erl_exit messages</p>
          <p>
	    Fix an error message by using an unsigned integer
	    specifier as seen in a tweet by @metabrew: #erlang VM
	    crashed with "no next heap size found: -2090496108,
	    offset 0", suddenly allocated all available RAM</p>
          <p>
	    Also correct mis-typed string formats in bif.c.(Thanks to
	    Michael Santos)</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-9262</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    net_drv: remove unused tcp request id inet_drv: remove
	    gratuitous assignment (Thanks to Tuncer Ayaz)</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-9263</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Teach run_erl RUN_ERL_DISABLE_FLOWCNTRL for disabling
	    flow control</p>
          <p>
	    Flow control can cause unwanted behaviour of the beam
	    process, if accidentally hit Ctrl-S (instead of Ctrl-D to
	    detach) the entire beam may be blocked.</p>
          <p>
	    Fix this problem by making it possible to turn off flow
	    control by setting the environment variable
	    RUN_ERL_DISABLE_FLOWCNTRL. (Thanks to Jonas Faklkevik)</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-9270</p>
        </item>
        <item>
	    <p>The following bugs due to missing memory barriers have
	    been fixed:</p> <list> <item><p> ETS tables using the
	    <c>write_concurrency</c> option could potentially get
	    into an internally inconsistent state. </p></item>
	    <item><p> ETS tables using the <c>ordered_set</c> option
	    could potentially get into an internally inconsistent
	    state. </p></item> <item><p> A number of memory barriers
	    have been added when building with the
	    <c>libatomic_ops</c> API (i.e. when passing
	    <c>--with-libatomic_ops=PATH</c> to <c>configure</c>) and
	    the tilera atomics API (i.e. when building for the tilera
	    chip). Note that these bugs were due to erroneous usage
	    of the APIs, and not in the implementations of the APIs.
	    When using these APIs the following bugs where
	    present:</p> <list> <item><p> The BIF
	    <c>erlang:ports/0</c> could return an erroneous result.
	    </p></item> <item><p> A thread blocking other threads
	    during code loading, or setup of tracing could
	    potentially read invalid data. </p></item> <item><p>
	    Fixation of ETS tables could potentially get into an
	    internally inconsistent state. </p></item> </list>
	    </item> </list>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-9281</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Fix halfword bug for ETS ordered_set when doing
	    <c>select/match</c> with partly bound key.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-9292</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Fix bug in <c>code:is_module_native</c> that caused crash
	    for deleted modules.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-9298</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Calling <c>driver_async_cancel()</c> could cause a
	    scheduler thread to enter an eternal loop doing no useful
	    work. (Thanks to Anders Ramsell)</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-9302</p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>


    <section><title>Improvements and New Features</title>
      <list>
        <item>
          <p>
	    New <c>enif_is_exception function</c> to allow NIFs to
	    determine whether an <c>ERL_NIF_TERM</c> represents an
	    exception. (Thanks to Steve Vinoski)</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-9150</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    A process being garbage collected by another process
	    could be scheduled on another scheduler. This prevented
	    this scheduler from doing any useful work until the
	    garbage collection was done. This either occurred due to
	    a explicit call to the <c>garbage_collect/1</c> BIF, or
	    due to a garbage collection part of code loading. A
	    process being garbage collected like this will now not be
	    scheduled until the garbage collection has completed.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-9211</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Remove unnecessary validation copy in
	    prim_file:drv_command/3 (Thanks to Tony Rogvall)</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-9276</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Symbolic link handling on windows have been slightly
	    updated to map error conditions more consequently and
	    correctly read directory links created outside of the
	    Erlang environment.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-9279</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Due to standard library DLL mismatches between versions
	    of OpenSSL and Erlang/OTP, OpenSSL is now linked
	    statically to the crypto driver on Windows. This fixes
	    problems starting crypto when running Erlang as a service
	    on all Windows versions.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-9280</p>
        </item>
        <item>
	    <p>Halfword emulator memory handling improvements:</p>
	    <list> <item><p>Much more of internal memory structures
	    have been made able to use "high" memory and are no
	    longer restricted to the 4Gb limit that still applies for
	    all process heap data.</p> </item> <item><p>Fixed faulty
	    values from <c>erlang:memory()</c> caused by 32-bit
	    counter overflow.</p> </item> <item><p>New counter
	    <c>low</c> in <c>erlang:memory()</c> that sums up all
	    memory restricted by 4Gb limit.</p> </item> </list>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-9291 Aux Id: seq11841 </p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    The value set in the undocumented and unsupported
	    ERL_version_FLAGS (e.g. ERL_R14B03_FLAGS) environment
	    variable can now be overridden by the command line
	    (similar to ERL_AFLAGS).</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-9297</p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>

</section>

<section><title>Erts 5.8.3.2</title>

    <section><title>Known Bugs and Problems</title>
      <list>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Fix halfword emulator bug in <c>ets:select_delete</c> for
	    <c>ordered_set</c> that caused emulator to crash.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-9258 Aux Id: seq11836 </p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>

</section>

<section><title>Erts 5.8.3.1</title>

    <section><title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
      <list>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Ets table type ordered_set could order large integer keys
	    wrongly on pure 64bit platforms. This is now corrected.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-9181</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    The status of a process was unnecessarily set to waiting
	    before a process was enqueued in a run queue. This bug
	    was harmless up until OTP-R14B01. In OTP-R14B02
	    <c>erlang:hibernate/3</c> was fixed (OTP-9125). After the
	    introduction of OTP-9125, the previously harmless process
	    status bug sometimes caused erroneous badarg exceptions
	    from <c>process_info()</c>.</p>
          <p>
	    OTP-9125 also introduced a thread unsafe access to the
	    status field of a process which now also have been fixed.</p>
          <p>
	    *** INCOMPATIBILITY with noxs ***</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-9197</p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>

</section>

<section><title>Erts 5.8.3</title>

    <section><title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
      <list>
        <item>
          <p>
	    The scroll wheel now scrolls the werl window on Windows.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-8985</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Some malformed distribution messages could cause VM to
	    crash, this is now corrected.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-8993</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    The OS function getifaddrs() can return NULL in some
	    address fields for e.g PPP and tunnel devices which
	    caused the emulator to segfault. This bug has now been
	    corrected.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-8996</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    The expression &lt;&lt;A:0&gt;&gt; would always produce
	    an empty binary, even if <c>A</c> was not an integer.
	    Corrected to cause a <c>badarg</c> exception if the type
	    of <c>A</c> is invalid. (Thanks to Zvi.)</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-8997</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    A bug that potentially could cause an emulator crash when
	    deleting an ETS-table has been fixed. A resource leak
	    when hitting the maximum amount of ETS-tables allowed has
	    also been fixed.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-8999</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    A bug in the <c>exit/2</c> BIF could potentially cause an
	    emulator crash.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-9005</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Due to a bug in glibc the runtime system could abort
	    while trying to destroy a mutex. The runtime system will
	    now issue a warning instead of aborting.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-9009</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    A bug in epmd could create strange behaviour when
	    listen() calls failed. This is now corrected thanks to
	    Steve Vinoski.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-9024</p>
        </item>
        <item>
	    <p>When setting file_info the win32_driver will now
	    correctly set access and modified time. Previously these
	    entities were swapped.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-9046</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Setting scheduler bind type to <c>unbound</c> failed if
	    binding of schedulers wasn't supported, or if CPU
	    topology wasn't present. This even though the
	    documentation stated that it is possible to set the bind
	    type to <c>unbound</c>.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-9056 Aux Id: Seq11779 </p>
        </item>
        <item>
	    <p>Two problems were fixed in crash dump: The time left
	    for timers are now shown as unsigned integers and the
	    contents of ordered_set ETS tables is no longer
	    included.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-9057</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    The VM could fail to set IP_TOS and SO_PRIORITY in
	    certain situations, either because sockets were supplied
	    as open file descriptors, or because SO_PRIORITY by
	    default was set higher than the user can explicitly set
	    it to. Those situations are now handled.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-9069</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Wx on MacOS X generated complains on stderr about certain
	    cocoa functions not beeing called from the "Main thread".
	    This is now corrected.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-9081</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Fix a couple typos in driver_entry(3) (thanks to Tuncer
	    Ayaz).</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-9085</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Mention that "-detached" implies "-noinput"</p>
          <p>
	    Clarify that specifying "-noinput" is unnecessary if the
	    "-detached" flag is given. (thanks to Holger Weiß)</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-9086</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    A potential problem (found by code inspection) when
	    calling a fun whose code was not loaded has been fixed.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-9095</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    The emulator could get into a state where it didn't check
	    for I/O.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-9105 Aux Id: Seq11798 </p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Attempting to create binaries exceeding 2Gb (using for
	    example <c>term_to_binary/1</c>) would crash the emulator
	    with an attempt to allocate huge amounts of memory.
	    (Thanks to Jon Meredith.)</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-9117</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Fix erlang:hibernate/3 on HiPE enabled emulator (Thanks
	    to Paul Guyot)</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-9125</p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>


    <section><title>Improvements and New Features</title>
      <list>
        <item>
	    <p>From this release, the previously experimental
	    halfword emulator is now official. It can be enabled by
	    giving the <c>--enable-halfword-emulator</c> option to
	    the <c>configure</c> script.</p>
	    <p>The halfword emulator is a 64-bit application, but
	    uses halfwords (32-bit words) for all data in Erlang
	    processes, therefore using less memory and being faster
	    than the standard 64-bit emulator. The total size of all
	    BEAM code and all process data for all processes is
	    limited to 4Gb, but ETS tables and off-heap binaries are
	    only limited by the amount of available memory.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-8941</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    32-bit atomic memory operations have been introduced
	    internally in the run time system, and are now used where
	    appropriate. There were previously only atomic memory
	    operations of word size available. The 32-bit atomic
	    memory operations slightly reduce memory consumption, and
	    slightly improve performance on 64-bit runtime systems.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-8974</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Performance enhancements for looking up timer-entries and
	    removing timers from the wheel.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-8990</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Write accesses to ETS tables have been optimized by
	    reducing the amount of atomic memory operations needed
	    during a write access.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-9000</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Strange C coding in the VM made the -D_FORTIFY_SOURCE
	    option to gcc-4.5 react badly. The code is now cleaned up
	    so that it's accepted by gcc-4.5.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-9025</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    The memory footprint for loaded code has been somewhat
	    reduced (especially in the 64-bit BEAM machine).</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-9030</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    The maximum number of allowed arguments for an Erlang
	    function has been lowered from 256 to 255, so that the
	    number of arguments can now fit in a byte.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-9049</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Dependency generation for Makefiles has been added to the
	    compiler and erlc. See the manual pages for
	    <c>compile</c> and <c>erlc</c>. (Thanks to Jean-Sebastien
	    Pedron.)</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-9065</p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>

</section>

<section><title>Erts 5.8.2</title>

    <section><title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
      <list>
        <item>
	    <p> Fix format_man_pages so it handles all man sections
	    and remove warnings/errors in various man pages. </p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-8600</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    The <c>configure</c> command line argument <seealso
	    marker="doc/installation_guide:INSTALL#Advanced-configuration-and-build-of-ErlangOTP">--enable-ethread-pre-pentium4-compatibility</seealso>
	    had no effect. This option is now also automatically
	    enabled if required on the build machine.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-8847</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Windows 2003 and Windows XP pre SP3 would sometimes not
	    start the Erlang R14B VM at all due to a bug in the cpu
	    topology detection. The bug affects Windows only, no
	    other platform is even remotely affected. The bug is now
	    corrected.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-8876</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    The HiPE run-time in the 64-bit emulator could do a
	    64-bit write to a 32-bit struct field. It happened to be
	    harmless on Intel/AMD processors. Corrected. (Thanks to
	    Mikael Pettersson.)</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-8877</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    A bug in <seealso
	    marker="erl_driver#erl_drv_tsd_get">erl_drv_tsd_get()</seealso>
	    and <seealso
	    marker="erl_nif#enif_tsd_get">enif_tsd_get()</seealso>
	    could cause an emulator crash. These functions are
	    currently not used in OTP. That is, the crash only occur
	    on systems with user implemented NIF libraries, or
	    drivers that use one of these functions.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-8889</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Calling <c>erlang:system_info({cpu_topology,
	    CpuTopologyType})</c> with another <c>CpuTopologyType</c>
	    element than one of the documented atoms <c>defined</c>,
	    <c>detected</c>, or <c>used</c> caused an emulator crash.
	    (Thanks to Paul Guyot)</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-8914</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    The ERTS internal rwlock implementation could get into an
	    inconsistent state. This bug was very seldom triggered,
	    but could be during heavy contention. The bug was
	    introduced in R14B (erts-5.8.1).</p>
          <p>
	    The bug was most likely to be triggered when using the
	    <c>read_concurrency</c> option on an ETS table that was
	    frequently accessed from multiple processes doing lots of
	    writes and reads. That is, in a situation where you
	    typically don't want to use the <c>read_concurrency</c>
	    option in the first place.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-8925 Aux Id: OTP-8544 </p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Tracing to port could cause an emulator crash when
	    unloading the trace driver.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-8932</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Removed use of CancelIoEx on Windows that had been shown
	    to cause problems with some drivers.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-8937</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    The fallback implementation used when no native atomic
	    implementation was found did not compile. (Thanks to
	    Patrick Baggett, and Tuncer Ayaz)</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-8944</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Some integer values used during load balancing could
	    under rare circumstances wrap causing a load unbalance
	    between schedulers.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-8950</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    The windows VM now correctly handles appending to large
	    files (> 4GB).</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-8958</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Name resolving of IPv6 addresses has been implemented for
	    Windows versions that support it. The use of ancient
	    resolver flags (AI_V4MAPPED | AI_ADDRCONFIG) to the
	    getaddrinfo() function has been removed since e.g FreeBSD
	    regard mapped IPv4 addresses to be a security problem and
	    the semantics of the address configured flag is
	    uncertain.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-8969</p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>


    <section><title>Improvements and New Features</title>
      <list>
        <item>
          <p>
	    The help texts produced by the <c>configure</c> scripts
	    in the top directory and in the erts directory have been
	    aligned and cleaned up.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-8859</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    When the runtime system had fewer schedulers than logical
	    processors, the system could get an unnecessarily large
	    amount reader groups.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-8861</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    <c>run_rel</c> has been updated to support Solaris's
	    /dev/ptmx device and to load the necessary STREAMS
	    modules so that <c>to_erl</c> can provide terminal echo
	    of keyboard input. (Thanks to Ryan Tilder.)</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-8878</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    The Erlang VM now supports Unicode filenames. The feature
	    is turned on by default on systems where Unicode
	    filenames are mandatory (Windows and MacOSX), but can be
	    enabled on other systems with the '+fnu' emulator option.
	    Enabling the Unicode filename feature on systems where it
	    is not default is however considered experimental and not
	    to be used for production. Together with the Unicode file
	    name support, the concept of "raw filenames" is
	    introduced, which means filenames provided without
	    implicit unicode encoding translation. Raw filenames are
	    provided as binaries, not lists. For further information,
	    see stdlib users guide and the chapter about using
	    Unicode in Erlang. Also see the file module manual page.</p>
          <p>
	    *** POTENTIAL INCOMPATIBILITY ***</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-8887</p>
        </item>
        <item>
	    <p>Buffer overflows have been prevented in <c>erlc</c>,
	    <c>dialyzer</c>, <c>typer</c>, <c>run_test</c>,
	    <c>heart</c>, <c>escript</c>, and <c>erlexec</c>.</p>
	    (Thanks to Michael Santos.)
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-8892</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    The runtime system is now less eager to suspend processes
	    sending messages over the distribution. The default value
	    of the distribution buffer busy limit has also been
	    increased from 128 KB to 1 MB. This in order to improve
	    throughput.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-8901</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    The distribution buffer busy limit can now be configured
	    at system startup. For more information see the
	    documentation of the <c>erl</c> <seealso
	    marker="erl#+zdbbl">+zdbbl</seealso> command line flag.
	    (Thanks to Scott Lystig Fritchie)</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-8912</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    The inet driver internal buffer stack implementation has
	    been rewritten in order to reduce lock contention.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-8916</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    New ETS option <c>compressed</c>, to enable a more
	    compact storage format at the expence of heavier table
	    operations. For test and evaluation, <c>erl +ec</c> can
	    be used to force compression on all ETS tables.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-8922 Aux Id: seq11658 </p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    There is now a new function inet:getifaddrs/0 modeled
	    after C library function getifaddrs() on BSD and LInux
	    that reports existing interfaces and their addresses on
	    the host. This replaces the undocumented and unsupported
	    inet:getiflist/0 and inet:ifget/2.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-8926</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Support for detection of CPU topology and binding of
	    schedulers on FreeBSD 8 have been added. (Thanks to Paul
	    Guyot)</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-8939</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Several bugs related to hibernate/3 and HiPE have been
	    corrected. (Thanks to Paul Guyot.)</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-8952</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Support for soft and hard links on Windows versions and
	    filesystems that support them is added.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-8955</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    The win32 virtual machine is now linked large address
	    aware. his allows the Erlang VM to use up to 3 gigs of
	    address space on Windows instead of the default of 2
	    gigs.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-8956</p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>

</section>

<section><title>Erts 5.8.1.2</title>

    <section><title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
      <list>
        <item>
	    <p> Fix that the documentation top index generator can
	    handle an Ericsson internal application group. </p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-8875</p>
        </item>
        <item>
	    <p>In embedded mode, on_load handlers that called
	    <c>code:priv_dir/1</c> or other functions in <c>code</c>
	    would hang the system. Since the <c>crypto</c>
	    application now contains an on_loader handler that calls
	    <c>code:priv_dir/1</c>, including the <c>crypto</c>
	    application in the boot file would prevent the system
	    from starting.</p>
	    <p>Also extended the <c>-init_debug</c> option to print
	    information about on_load handlers being run to
	    facilitate debugging.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-8902 Aux Id: seq11703 </p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>

</section>

<section><title>Erts 5.8.1.1</title>

    <section><title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
      <list>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Windows 2003 and Windows XP pre SP3 would sometimes not
	    start the Erlang R14B VM at all due to a bug in the cpu
	    topology detection. The bug affects Windows only, no
	    other platform is even remotely affected. The bug is now
	    corrected.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-8876</p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>

</section>

<section><title>Erts 5.8.1</title>

    <section><title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
      <list>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Very small floating point numbers generated errors when
	    converting from list to float in some versions of the VM,
	    this is now corrected so that i.e.
	    list_to_float("1.0e-324"). returns 0.0 in all versions of
	    Erlang.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-7178</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Windows Vista and Windows 7 file system virtualization,
	    which makes "old style" windows programs execute in a
	    file system sandbox, was previously unintentionally
	    turned on for the Erlang VM. This is now corrected so
	    that i.e. writes to C:\Program Files\. without
	    administrator privileges will fail.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-7405</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Fix faulty 64-bit integer term output from drivers. Large
	    64-bits integers did not generate correct bignums and
	    could even cause emulator crash. Only affects drivers
	    using ERL_DRV_INT64 or ERL_DRV_UINT64, introduced in
	    R13B03.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-8716</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Fixed: inet:setopts(S, [{linger,{true,2}}]) returned
	    {error,einval} for SCTP sockets. The inet_drv had a bug
	    when checking the option size.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-8726 Aux Id: seq11617 </p>
        </item>
        <item>
	    <p>Fix libm linking with --as-needed flag</p>
          <p>
	    When building with "--as-needed" linker flags on Linux
	    the build will fail. This has now been fixed.</p>
          <p>
	    (Thanks to Christian Faulhammer)</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-8728</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    gen_udp:connect/3 was broken for SCTP enabled builds. It
	    did not detect remote end errors as it should.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-8729</p>
        </item>
        <item>
	    <p>Reduce the risk of integer wrapping in bin vheap size
	    counting.</p> <p>The vheap size series will now use the
	    golden ratio instead of doubling and fibonacci
	    sequences.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-8730</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    ETS ordered_set containing <c>[]</c> as key could cause
	    strange thing to happen, like an infinite hanging
	    <c>ets:select</c>.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-8732</p>
        </item>
        <item>
	    <p>reference() has been substituted for ref() in the
	    documentation.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-8733</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    When a native compiled module called a not loaded
	    non-native compiled module that had an on_load function,
	    the export entries were trashed after code loading so on
	    the next call from the native compiled module to the
	    non-native compiled the emulator crashed. This bug has
	    now been fixed.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-8736</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    HiPE-enabled Erlang VMs running on BSD systems sometimes
	    generated messages like "Yikes! erts_alloc() returned
	    misaligned address 0x8016a512c". Fixed. (Thanks to Mikael
	    Pettersson.)</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-8769</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    A race condition in <c>erts_poll()</c> could cause delay
	    of poll for I/O.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-8773</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Removed some potential vulnerabilities from the Erlang
	    Port Mapper Daemon (epmd) and straightened up access
	    control. Also removed hazardous interfaces allowing
	    anyone on a machine to forcefully unregister other nodes.
	    This means that the ei_unregister/erl_unregister
	    interfaces in erl_interface is rendered not only error
	    prone and mystifying as before, but totally ineffective.
	    The old behaviour of unchecked node unregistering can be
	    restored if needed, see epmd documentation for details.</p>
          <p>
	    *** POTENTIAL INCOMPATIBILITY ***</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-8780</p>
        </item>
        <item>
	    <p> Building in a source tree without prebuilt platform
	    independent build results failed on the SSL examples
	    when: </p> <list><item> cross building. This has been
	    solved by not building the SSL examples during a cross
	    build. </item><item> building on Windows. </item></list>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-8791</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    inet:getsockopt for SCTP sctp_default_send_param had a
	    bug to not initialize required feilds causing random
	    answers. It is now corrected.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-8795 Aux Id: seq11655 </p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    The hipe_bifs:get_hrvtime/0 BIF now always returns a real
	    value even if the "perfctr" Linux kernel extension is not
	    available. It used to return a dummy value. (Thanks to
	    Mikael Pettersson.)</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-8798</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Calling a native-code compiled module with an
	    <c>on_load</c> function could cause a crash. (Thanks to
	    Mikael Pettersson.)</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-8799</p>
        </item>
        <item>
	    <p>The emulator could crash while writing a crash dump if
	    native-compiled modules had been loaded. (Thanks to Paul
	    Guyot.)</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-8801</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    The garbage collector could crash if invoked from
	    native-compiled code after a call to a BIF. (Thanks to
	    Paul Guyot.)</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-8821</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    A rare memory leak in binary:matches is removed</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-8823</p>
        </item>
        <item>
	    <p>For a socket in the HTTP packet mode, the return value
	    from <c>gen_tcp:recv/2,3</c> if there is an error in the
	    header will be <c>{ok,{http_error,String}}</c> instead of
	    <c>{error,{http_error,String}}</c> to be consistent with
	    <c>ssl:recv/2,3</c>.</p>
          <p>
	    *** POTENTIAL INCOMPATIBILITY ***</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-8831</p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>


    <section><title>Improvements and New Features</title>
      <list>
        <item>
          <p>
	    ets:select_reverse/{1,2,3} are now documented.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-7863</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    External format of integers changed to make full use of
	    all 32 bits of INTEGER_EXT. This is a compatible change
	    as old code can read full 32-bit integers but only
	    produce 28-bit integers as INTEGER_EXT.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-8540 Aux Id: seq11534 </p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Large parts of the <c>ethread</c> library have been
	    rewritten. The <c>ethread</c> library is an Erlang
	    runtime system internal, portable thread library used by
	    the runtime system itself.</p>
          <p>
	    Most notable improvement is a reader optimized rwlock
	    implementation which dramatically improve the performance
	    of read-lock/read-unlock operations on multi processor
	    systems by avoiding ping-ponging of the rwlock cache
	    lines. The reader optimized rwlock implementation is used
	    by miscellaneous rwlocks in the runtime system that are
	    known to be read-locked frequently, and can be enabled on
	    ETS tables by passing the <seealso
	    marker="stdlib:ets#new_2_read_concurrency">{read_concurrency,
	    true}</seealso> option upon table creation. See the
	    documentation of <seealso
	    marker="stdlib:ets#new/2">ets:new/2</seealso> for more
	    information. The reader optimized rwlock implementation
	    can be fine tuned when starting the runtime system. For
	    more information, see the documentation of the <seealso
	    marker="erts:erl#+rg">+rg</seealso> command line argument
	    of <c>erl</c>.</p>
          <p>
	    There is also a new implementation of rwlocks that is not
	    optimized for readers. Both implementations interleaves
	    readers and writers during contention as opposed to,
	    e.g., the NPTL (Linux) pthread rwlock implementation
	    which use either a reader or writer preferred strategy.
	    The reader/writer preferred strategy is problematic since
	    it starves threads doing the non-preferred operation.</p>
          <p>
	    The new rwlock implementations in general performs better
	    in ERTS than common pthread implementations. However, in
	    some extremely heavily contended cases this is not the
	    case. Such heavy contention can more or less only appear
	    on ETS tables. This when multiple processes do very large
	    amounts of write locked operations simultaneously on the
	    same table. Such use of ETS is bad regardless of rwlock
	    implementation, will never scale, and is something we
	    strongly advise against.</p>
          <p>
	    The new rwlock implementations depend on atomic
	    operations. If no native atomic implementation is found,
	    a fallback solution will be used. Using the fallback
	    implies a performance degradation. That is, it is more
	    important now than before to build OTP with a native
	    atomic implementation.</p>
          <p>
	    The <c>ethread</c> library contains native atomic
	    implementations for, x86 (32 and 64 bit), powerpc (32
	    bit), sparc V9 (32 and 64 bit), and tilera (32 bit). On
	    other hardware gcc's builtin support for atomic memory
	    access will be used if such exists. If no such support is
	    found, <c>configure</c> will warn about no atomic
	    implementation available.</p>
          <p>
	    The <c>ethread</c> library can now also use the
	    <c>libatomic_ops</c> library for atomic memory accesses.
	    This makes it possible for the Erlang runtime system to
	    utilize optimized native atomic operations on more
	    platforms than before. If <c>configure</c> warns about no
	    atomic implementation available, try using the
	    <c>libatomic_ops</c> library. Use the <seealso
	    marker="doc/installation_guide:INSTALL#Advanced-configuration-and-build-of-ErlangOTP">--with-libatomic_ops=PATH</seealso>
	    <c>configure</c> command line argument when specifying
	    where the <c>libatomic_ops</c> installation is located.
	    The <c>libatomic_ops</c> library can be downloaded from:
	    <url
	    href="http://www.hpl.hp.com/research/linux/atomic_ops/">http://www.hpl.hp.com/research/linux/atomic_ops/</url></p>
          <p>
	    The changed API of the <c>ethread</c> library has also
	    caused modifications in the Erlang runtime system.
	    Preparations for the to come "delayed deallocation"
	    feature has also been done since it depends on the
	    <c>ethread</c> library.</p>
          <p>
	    <em>Note</em>: When building for x86, the <c>ethread</c>
	    library will now use instructions that first appeared on
	    the pentium 4 processor. If you want the runtime system
	    to be compatible with older processors (back to 486) you
	    need to pass the <seealso
	    marker="doc/installation_guide:INSTALL#Advanced-configuration-and-build-of-ErlangOTP">--enable-ethread-pre-pentium4-compatibility</seealso>
	    <c>configure</c> command line argument when configuring
	    the system.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-8544</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    erlang:localtime_to_universaltime({{2008, 8, 1}, {0, 0,
	    0}},true) when TZ=UTC now behaves consistently on all
	    Unix platforms.</p>
          <p>
	    The problem fixed was originally reported by Paul Guyot
	    on erlang-bugs mailing list:</p>
          <p>
	    http://www.erlang.org/pipermail/erlang-bugs/2008-November/001077.html</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-8580</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Optimization reducing memory consumption by two words per
	    ETS object.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-8737</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Fixes for unsupported halfword-emulator</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-8745</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    NIF 64-bit integer support; <c>enif_get_int64</c>,
	    <c>enif_get_uint64</c>, <c>enif_make_int64</c>,
	    <c>enif_make_uint64</c>.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-8746</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Alignment of trailing data in messages has been adjusted.
	    This in order to be able to pass data of any type as
	    trailing data in the future.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-8754</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    The obsolete/driver.h header file has been removed. It
	    has been obsolete and deprecated since R8B. Drivers that
	    still include obsolete/driver.h must be updated to
	    include erl_driver.h.</p>
          <p>
	    *** POTENTIAL INCOMPATIBILITY ***</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-8758</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Added erlang:system_info(build_type) which makes it
	    easier to chose drivers, NIF libraries, etc based on
	    build type of the runtime system.</p>
          <p>
	    The NIF library for crypto can now be built for valgrind
	    and/or debug as separate NIF libraries that will be
	    automatically loaded if the runtime system has been built
	    with a matching build type.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-8760</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Further lessened the memory requirements of ETS objects.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-8762</p>
        </item>
        <item>
	    <p>The broken elib_malloc alternate memory allocator has
	    been removed. <c>erlang:system_info(elib_malloc)</c> will
	    always return <c>false</c>, and in R15,
	    <c>erlang:system_info(elib_malloc)</c> will fail with a
	    <c>badarg</c> exception.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-8764</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Calling <c>erlang:system_info/1</c> with the new argument
	    <c>update_cpu_info</c> will make the runtime system
	    reread and update the internally stored CPU information.
	    For more information see the documentation of <seealso
	    marker="erlang#update_cpu_info">erlang:system_info(update_cpu_info)</seealso>.</p>
          <p>
	    The CPU topology is now automatically detected on Windows
	    systems with less than 33 logical processors. The runtime
	    system will now, also on Windows, by default bind
	    schedulers to logical processors using the
	    <c>default_bind</c> bind type if the amount of schedulers
	    is at least equal to the amount of logical processors
	    configured, binding of schedulers is supported, and a CPU
	    topology is available at startup.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-8765</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    The SMP ERTS internal child waiter thread used on Linux
	    system with NPTL was unintentionally disabled during
	    cross compilation rewrites (OTP-8323 in R13B03). It has
	    now been re-enabled. Enabling it again gives a slight
	    performance improvement.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-8774</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    <c>epmd</c> used to generate a message to the syslog when
	    it started up, which could be annoying. This has been
	    changed to only generate the message if the debug swith
	    is given. (Thanks to Michael Santos.)</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-8775</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    The scheduler wakeup threshold is now possible to adjust
	    at system boot. For more information see the <seealso
	    marker="erl#+swt">+swt</seealso> command line argument of
	    <c>erl</c>.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-8811</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    The undocumented function inet:ifget/2 has been improved
	    to return interface hardware address (MAC) on platforms
	    supporting getaddrinfo() (such as BSD unixes). Note it
	    still does not work on all platforms for example not
	    Windows nor Solaris, so the function is still
	    undocumented.</p>
          <p>
	    Buffer overflow and field init bugs for inet:ifget/2 and
	    inet:getservbyname/2 has also been fixed.</p>
          <p>
	    Thanks to Michael Santos.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-8816</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Optimizations for MIPS when using gcc atomics. (Thanks to
	    Steve Vinoski)</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-8834</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Lock optimization in timer functionality.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-8835</p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>


    <section><title>Known Bugs and Problems</title>
      <list>
        <item>
	    <p>Fix epmd and build environment to build on VxWorks</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-8838</p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>

</section>

<section><title>Erts 5.8</title>

    <section><title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
      <list>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Driver threads, such as async threads, using <seealso
	    marker="erl_driver#ErlDrvPDL">port data locks</seealso>
	    peeked at the port status field without proper locking
	    when looking up the driver queue.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-8475</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    The use of <c>mmap()</c> was unnecessarily disabled when
	    cross compiling.</p>
          <p>
	    The <c>configure</c> arguments <c>--with-ssl</c>, and
	    <c>--with-odbc</c> refused to accept libraries outside of
	    <c>$erl_xcomp_sysroot</c> when cross compiling for no
	    good reason.</p>
          <p>
	    The <c>configure</c> argument <c>--with-odbc</c> didn't
	    handle the value <c>yes</c> correct.</p>
          <p>
	    The <c>configure</c> arguments <c>--with-odbc</c>, and
	    <c>--without-odbc</c> have also been added to the
	    configure help.</p>
          <p>
	    (Thanks to Steve Vinoski for reporting these issues)</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-8484</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    A call to the BIF <c>unregister(RegName)</c> when a port
	    had the name <c>RegName</c> registered in the runtime
	    system without SMP support caused a runtime system crash.
	    (Thanks to Per Hedeland for the bugfix and test case.)</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-8487</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    The runtime system crashed if fewer logical processors
	    were found than reported by <c>sysconf(
	    SC_NPROCESSORS_CONF)</c>.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-8549</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Fix memory management bug causing crash of non-SMP
	    emulator with async threads enabled. The bug did first
	    appear in R13B03.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-8591 Aux Id: seq11554 </p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Port locks could be prematurely destroyed.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-8612</p>
        </item>
        <item>
	    <p>The <c>empd</c> program could loop and consume 100%
	    CPU time if an unexpected error ocurred in
	    <c>listen()</c> or <c>accept()</c>. Now <c>epmd</c> will
	    terminate if a non-recoverable error occurs. (Thanks to
	    Michael Santos.)</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-8618</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    When kernel poll has been enabled, a livelock could in
	    rare circumstances occur. Problem reported by Chetan
	    Ahuja, fix by Mikael Pettersson.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-8632</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Windows: Closing port of program that stalled without
	    reading all data could deadlock scheduler thread.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-8641</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    On some combination of Montavista Linux on Cavium Octeon
	    processors, some socket-related system calls returned
	    other numbers than -1 for errors. This caused a core dump
	    in inet_drv.c. Now the code works around this problem.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-8654</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Missing memory barriers in <c>erts_poll()</c> could cause
	    the runtime system to hang indefinitely.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-8658</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    <c>ethr_rwmutex_tryrlock()</c> acquired and refused to
	    acquire a lock with inverted logic. The lock was however
	    never acquired in a thread unsafe manner. (Thanks to JR
	    Zhang for noting this issue)</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-8662</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Extreme combinations of register/unregister in a highly
	    parallell SMP application could crash the VM. The error
	    is corrected.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-8663</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    On Windows, files are now opened with FILE_SHARE_DELETE
	    to get closer to Unix semantics.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-8667</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    <c>erlang:system_info(multi_scheduling)</c> sometimes
	    erroneously returned <c>enabled</c> when it should have
	    returned <c>blocked</c>.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-8675</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Fix bug causing <c>erlang:decode_packet</c> and
	    <c>enif_make_string</c> to generate faulty strings with
	    negative character values for ascii values larger than
	    127. (Thanks to Paul Guyot)</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-8685</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    <c>open_port/2</c> with the <c>spawn</c> and
	    <c>spawn_executable</c> options can include an
	    <c>{env,Env}</c> option. In some cases unsetting
	    variables would not work on Unix (typically if more
	    variables were unset than were actually present in the
	    environment).</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-8701</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    A user defined CPU topology set via a call to <seealso
	    marker="erlang#system_flag_cpu_topology">erlang:system_flag(cpu_topology,
	    CPUTopology)</seealso> was not properly verified, and
	    could in worst case cause an emulator crash. The emulator
	    crash could only occur when a user defined CPU topology
	    already existed and was redefined.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-8710</p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>


    <section><title>Improvements and New Features</title>
      <list>
        <item>
          <p>
	    The grammar for match specifications in ERTS users guide
	    only described the tracing dialect of match
	    specifications. An informal grammar for the ETS dialect
	    is added.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-8086 Aux Id: seq11333 </p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    The module binary from EEP31 (and EEP9) is implemented.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-8217</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    New NIF API function <c>enif_make_new_binary</c></p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-8474</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    The guard BIF <c>is_boolean/1</c> (introduced in R10B)
	    has now been included in the lists of BIFs allowed in
	    guards in the Reference Manual.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-8477</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Added function <c>zip:foldl/3</c> to iterate over zip
	    archives.</p>
          <p>
	    Added functions to create and extract escripts. See
	    <c>escript:create/2</c> and <c>escript:extract/2</c>.</p>
          <p>
	    The undocumented function <c>escript:foldl/3</c> has been
	    removed. The same functionality can be achieved with the
	    more flexible functions <c>escript:extract/2</c> and
	    <c>zip:foldl/3</c>.</p>
          <p>
	    Record fields has been annotated with type info. Source
	    files as been adapted to fit within 80 chars and trailing
	    whitespace has been removed.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-8521</p>
        </item>
        <item>
	    <p>A regular expression with many levels of parenthesis
	    could cause a buffer overflow. That has been corrected.
	    (Thanks to Michael Santos.)</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-8539</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    <c>erlang:decode_packet(httph_bin,..)</c> could return
	    corrupt header strings or even crash the VM. This has
	    been fixed. It only happened on 32-bit VM if the header
	    name was unknown and between 16 and 20 characters long.
	    Sockets with simular <c>packet</c> option did not suffer
	    from this bug.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-8548</p>
        </item>
        <item>
	    <p>New NIF features:</p> <list><item> Send messages from
	    a NIF, or from thread created by NIF, to any local
	    process (<c>enif_send</c>) </item><item> Store terms
	    between NIF calls (<c>enif_alloc_env</c>,
	    <c>enif_make_copy</c>) </item><item> Create binary terms
	    with user defined memory management
	    (<c>enif_make_resource_binary</c>) </item></list> <p>And
	    some incompatible changes made to the API. For more
	    information see the warning text in <seealso
	    marker="erl_nif">erl_nif(3)</seealso>.</p>
          <p>
	    *** POTENTIAL INCOMPATIBILITY ***</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-8555</p>
        </item>
        <item>
	    <p>If the '<c>fop</c>' program (needed for building PDF
	    files) cannot not be found, it is now possible to build
	    the HTML and man pages anyway (there will also be dummy
	    PDF files with no real content created). (Thanks to
	    Tuncer Ayaz.)</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-8559</p>
        </item>
        <item>
	    <p>When defining macros the closing right parenthesis
	    before the dot is now mandatory.</p>
          <p>
	    *** POTENTIAL INCOMPATIBILITY ***</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-8562</p>
        </item>
        <item>
	    <p>Local and imported functions now override the
	    auto-imported BIFs when the names clash. The pre R14
	    behaviour was that auto-imported BIFs would override
	    local functions. To avoid that old programs change
	    behaviour, the following will generate an error:</p>
	    <list><item><p>Doing a call without explicit module name
	    to a local function having a name clashing with the name
	    of an auto-imported BIF that was present (and
	    auto-imported) before OTP R14A</p></item>
	    <item><p>Explicitly importing a function having a name
	    clashing with the name of an autoimported BIF that was
	    present (and autoimported) before OTP R14A</p></item>
	    <item><p>Using any form of the old compiler directive
	    <c>nowarn_bif_clash</c></p></item> </list> <p>If the BIF
	    was added or auto-imported in OTP R14A or later,
	    overriding it with an import or a local function will
	    only result in a warning,</p> <p>To resolve clashes, you
	    can either use the explicit module name <c>erlang</c> to
	    call the BIF, or you can remove the auto-import of that
	    specific BIF by using the new compiler directive
	    <c>-compile({no_auto_import,[F/A]}).</c>, which makes all
	    calls to the local or imported function without explicit
	    module name pass without warnings or errors.</p> <p>The
	    change makes it possible to add auto-imported BIFs
	    without breaking or silently changing old code in the
	    future. However some current code ingeniously utilizing
	    the old behaviour or the <c>nowarn_bif_clash</c> compiler
	    directive, might need changing to be accepted by the
	    compiler.</p>
          <p>
	    *** POTENTIAL INCOMPATIBILITY ***</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-8579</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    A bug in re that could cause certain regular expression
	    matches never to terminate is corrected. (Thanks to
	    Michael Santos and Gordon Guthrie.)</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-8589</p>
        </item>
        <item>
	    <p>The erlang:open_port spawn and spawn_executable
	    directives can include an <c>{env,Env}</c> directive to
	    set up environment variables for the spawned process. A
	    bug prevented applications from using <c>{env,Env}</c> to
	    set an environment variable whose value ended with a
	    '<c>=</c>' (equal sign) character; the trailing equal
	    sign was mistaken as an indication that an environment
	    variable was to be cleared from the environment of the
	    spawned process. (Thanks to Steve Vinoski.)</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-8614</p>
        </item>
        <item>
	    <p><c>receive</c> statements that can only read out a
	    newly created reference are now specially optimized so
	    that it will execute in constant time regardless of the
	    number of messages in the receive queue for the process.
	    That optimization will benefit calls to
	    <c>gen_server:call()</c>. (See <c>gen:do_call/4</c> for
	    an example of a receive statement that will be
	    optimized.)</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-8623</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    The functions file:advise/4 and file:datasync/1 have been
	    added. (Thanks to Filipe David Manana.)</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-8637</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    New NIF API functions: <c>enif_make_atom_len</c>,
	    <c>enif_make_existing_atom_len</c>,
	    <c>enif_make_string_len</c>, <c>enif_get_atom_length</c>,
	    <c>enif_get_list_length</c>, <c>enif_is_list</c>,
	    <c>enif_is_tuple</c> (by Tuncer Ayaz)</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-8640</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Support for using gcc's built-in functions for atomic
	    memory access has been added. This functionallity will be
	    used if available and no other native atomic
	    implementation in ERTS is available.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-8659</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    The number of spinlocks used when implementing atomic
	    fall-backs when no native atomic implementation is
	    available has been increased from 16 to 1024.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-8660</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Writer preferred pthread read/write locks has been
	    enabled on Linux.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-8661</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    The runtime system will by default bind schedulers to
	    logical processors using the <c>default_bind</c> bind
	    type if the amount of schedulers are at least equal to
	    the amount of logical processors configured, binding of
	    schedulers is supported, and a CPU topology is available
	    at startup. </p>
          <p>
	    <em>NOTE:</em> If the Erlang runtime system is the only
	    operating system process that binds threads to logical
	    processors, this improves the performance of the runtime
	    system. However, if other operating system processes (as
	    for example another Erlang runtime system) also bind
	    threads to logical processors, there might be a
	    performance penalty instead. If this is the case you, are
	    are advised to unbind the schedulers using the <seealso
	    marker="erl#+sbt">+sbtu</seealso> command line argument,
	    or by invoking <seealso
	    marker="erlang#system_flag_scheduler_bind_type">erlang:system_flag(scheduler_bind_type,
	    unbound)</seealso>.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-8666</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    The recently added BIFs erlang:min/2, erlang:max/2 and
	    erlang:port_command/3 are now auto-imported (as they were
	    originally intended to be). Due to the recent compiler
	    change (OTP-8579), the only impact on old code defining
	    it's own min/2, max/2 or port_command/3 functions will be
	    a warning, the local functions will still be used. The
	    warning can be removed by using
	    -compile({no_auto_import,[min/2,max/2,port_command/3]}).
	    in the source file.</p>
          <p>
	    *** POTENTIAL INCOMPATIBILITY ***</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-8669 Aux Id: OTP-8579 </p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    There is a new option 'exclusive' to file:open/2 that
	    uses the OS O_EXCL flag where supported to open the file
	    in exclusive mode.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-8670</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Now, binary_to_term/2 is auto-imported. This will cause a
	    compile warning if and only if a module has got a local
	    function with that name.</p>
          <p>
	    *** POTENTIAL INCOMPATIBILITY ***</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-8671</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Alignment of scheduler data and run queues were adjusted.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-8673</p>
        </item>
        <item>
	    <p>Call time breakpoint tracing</p> <list><item>Introduce
	    a <c>call_time</c> option to
	    <c>erlang:trace_pattern/3</c>.This option enables call
	    time breakpoint tracing on code that is executed by
	    processes with call tracing enabled. Call time tracing
	    stores the number of calls and the time spent of each
	    function with this trace pattern enabled. The information
	    can be retrieved with <c>erlang:trace_info/2</c></item>
	    <item>Add a scheduler array for BpData. To solve the
	    issue of multiple schedulers constantly updating the head
	    pointer to the bp data wheel, each scheduler now has its
	    own entrypoint to the wheel. This head pointer can be
	    updated without a locking being taken.</item></list>
	    <p>Teach call count tracing to use atomics</p>
	    <list><item>Call count previously used a global lock for
	    accessing and writing its counter in the breakpoint. This
	    is now changed to atomics instead.</item> <item>The
	    change will let call count tracing and cprof to scale
	    better when increasing the number of
	    schedulers.</item></list>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-8677</p>
        </item>
        <item>
	    <p><c>eprof</c> has been reimplemented with support in
	    the Erlang virtual machine and is now both faster (i.e.
	    slows down the code being measured less) and scales much
	    better. In measurements we saw speed-ups compared to the
	    old eprof ranging from 6 times (for sequential code that
	    only uses one scheduler/core) up to 84 times (for
	    parallel code that uses 8 cores).</p>
	    <p>Note: The API for the <c>eprof</c> has been cleaned up
	    and extended. See the documentation.</p>
          <p>
	    *** POTENTIAL INCOMPATIBILITY ***</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-8706</p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>

</section>

<section><title>Erts 5.7.5.2</title>

    <section><title>Known Bugs and Problems</title>
      <list>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Two bugs in gen_sctp has been corrected: getopts/setopts
	    hence also send could only be called from socket owner,
	    and options 'linger', 'rcvbuf' and 'sndbuf' was read from
	    wrong protocol layer hence read wrong values by getopts.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-9544</p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>

</section>

<section><title>Erts 5.7.5.1</title>

    <section><title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
      <list>
        <item>
          <p>
            Driver threads, such as async threads, using <seealso
            marker="erl_driver#ErlDrvPDL">port data locks</seealso>
            peeked at the port status field without proper locking
            when looking up the driver queue.</p>
          <p>
            Own Id: OTP-8475</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
            A call to the BIF <c>unregister(RegName)</c> when a port
            had the name <c>RegName</c> registered in the runtime
            system without SMP support caused a runtime system crash.
            (Thanks to Per Hedeland for the bugfix and test case.)</p>
          <p>
            Own Id: OTP-8487</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
            Fix memory management bug causing crash of non-SMP
            emulator with async threads enabled. The bug did first
            appear in R13B03.</p>
          <p>
            Own Id: OTP-8591 Aux Id: seq11554 </p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>

</section>

<section><title>Erts 5.7.5</title>

    <section><title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
      <list>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Fix <c>binary_to_term</c> crash on compressed term with
	    corrupt size field.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-8336</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Processes and/or ports could get stuck on a blocked
	    scheduler when <c>erlang:system_flag(multi_scheduling,
	    block)</c> was used.</p>
          <p>
	    Processes and/or ports could get stuck on an offline
	    scheduler when schedulers online were reduced using
	    <c>erlang:system_flag(schedulers_online,
	    SchedulersOnline)</c>.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-8342</p>
        </item>
        <item>
	    <p>Building on Windows will now work if the paths to
	    <c>mc.exe</c> and <c>rc.exe</c> contain spaces. The
	    README.win32 file has been updated with some information
	    about building using Visual Studio 2008. (Thanks to
	    Andrew Thompson.)</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-8345</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    EPMD now correctly handles the extra data field which can
	    be given in the ALIVE2_REQ request and retrieved in the
	    PORT2_RESP response. (Thanks to Klas Johansson.)</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-8361</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    The configure test for reliable floating point exceptions
	    has been update to work on modern versions of Mac OS X.
	    (Thanks to Trannie Carter.)</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-8368</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    ERTS makefiles used to detect the use of a gcc C compiler
	    by checking if CC equaled gcc. That is, the makefiles
	    failed to detect gcc C compilers with other command line
	    names than gcc. `configure' now substitute GCC into the
	    makefiles. If CC is a gcc C compiler, GCC will have the
	    value yes. (Thanks to Jean-Sébastien Pédron)</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-8373</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    ETS bug causing the <c>memory</c> counter from
	    <c>ets:info</c> for ordered_set's to sometimes get out of
	    synch and absurdly high.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-8377 Aux Id: seq11442 </p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Immediately repeated multi-scheduling block/unblock
	    cycles using <c>erlang:system_flag(multi_scheduling,
	    block | unblock)</c> could deadlock the runtime system.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-8386</p>
        </item>
        <item>
	    <p>A number of bugs concerning re and unicode are
	    corrected:</p>
	    <p>re:compile no longer loses unicode option, which also
	    fixes bug in re:split.</p>
	    <p>re:replace now handles unicode charlist replacement
	    argument</p>
	    <p>re:replace now handles unicode RE charlist argument
	    correctly</p>
	    <p>re:replace now handles binary unicode output correctly
	    when nothing is replaced.</p>
	    <p>Most code, testcases and error isolation done by Rory
	    Byrne.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-8394</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    The loading of native code was not properly atomic in the
	    SMP emulator, which could cause crashes. Also a per-MFA
	    information table for the native code has now been
	    protected with a lock since it turns that it could be
	    accessed concurrently in the SMP emulator. (Thanks to
	    Mikael Pettersson.)</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-8397</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Fix processes in exiting status that are about to be
	    scheduled, to not be allowed to garbage collect.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-8420</p>
        </item>
        <item>
	    <p>Removed bogus "\011" character sequence in
	    documentation.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-8422</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    The resolver routines failed to look up the own node name
	    as hostname, if the OS native resolver was erroneously
	    configured, bug reported by Yogish Baliga, now fixed.</p>
          <p>
	    The resolver routines now tries to parse the hostname as
	    an IP string as most OS resolvers do, unless the native
	    resolver is used.</p>
          <p>
	    The DNS resolver inet_res and file resolver inet_hosts
	    now do not read OS configuration files until they are
	    needed. Since the native resolver is default, in most
	    cases they are never needed.</p>
          <p>
	    The DNS resolver's automatic updating of OS configuration
	    file data (/etc/resolv.conf) now uses the 'domain'
	    keyword as default search domain if there is no 'search'
	    keyword.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-8426 Aux Id: OTP-8381 </p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    The re module: A regular expression with an option change
	    at the start of a pattern that had top-level alternatives
	    could cause overwriting and/or a crash. (Thanks to
	    Michael Santos.)</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-8438</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Harmless buffer overflow by one byte in asn1 and
	    ram_file_drv.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-8451</p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>


    <section><title>Improvements and New Features</title>
      <list>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Improved GC performance after BIF/NIF call when a lot of
	    heap fragments was created. This will mainly benefit NIFs
	    that return large compound terms.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-8240</p>
        </item>
        <item>
	    <p>Incompatible changes in the experimental NIF
	    feature.</p> <list><item> Changed the NIF function
	    prototypes in order to allow more than 3 function
	    arguments. </item><item> <c>enif_get_data</c> renamed as
	    <c>enif_priv_data</c>. </item><item>
	    <c>enif_make_string</c> got a third argument for
	    character encoding. </item><item> The return value of
	    <c>erlang:load_nif/2</c> on error changed. </item></list>
	    <p>Read more in the documentation of <c>erl_nif</c> and
	    <c>erlang:load_nif/2</c></p>.
          <p>
	    *** POTENTIAL INCOMPATIBILITY ***</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-8304</p>
        </item>
        <item>
	    <p>Cross compilation improvements and other build system
	    improvements.</p>
	    <p>Most notable:</p> <list><item> Lots of cross
	    compilation improvements. The old cross compilation
	    support was more or less non-existing as well as broken.
	    Please, note that the cross compilation support should
	    still be considered as experimental. Also note that old
	    cross compilation configurations cannot be used without
	    modifications. For more information on cross compiling
	    Erlang/OTP see the <c>$ERL_TOP/INSTALL-CROSS.md</c> file.
	    </item><item> Support for staged install using <url
	    href="http://www.gnu.org/prep/standards/html_node/DESTDIR.html">DESTDIR</url>.
	    The old broken <c>INSTALL_PREFIX</c> has also been fixed.
	    For more information see the <c>$ERL_TOP/INSTALL.md</c>
	    file. </item><item> Documentation of the <c>release</c>
	    target of the top <c>Makefile</c>. For more information
	    see the <c>$ERL_TOP/INSTALL.md</c> file. </item><item>
	    <c>make install</c> now by default creates relative
	    symbolic links instead of absolute ones. For more
	    information see the <c>$ERL_TOP/INSTALL.md</c> file.
	    </item><item> <c>$ERL_TOP/configure --help=recursive</c>
	    now works and prints help for all applications with
	    <c>configure</c> scripts. </item><item> Doing <c>make
	    install</c>, or <c>make release</c> directly after
	    <c>make all</c> no longer triggers miscellaneous
	    rebuilds. </item><item> Existing bootstrap system is now
	    used when doing <c>make install</c>, or <c>make
	    release</c> without a preceding <c>make all</c>.
	    </item><item> The <c>crypto</c> and <c>ssl</c>
	    applications use the same runtime library path when
	    dynamically linking against <c>libssl.so</c> and
	    <c>libcrypto.so</c>. The runtime library search path has
	    also been extended. </item><item> The <c>configure</c>
	    scripts of Erl_interface and ODBC now
	    search for thread libraries and thread library quirks the
	    same way as ERTS do. </item><item> The
	    <c>configure</c> script of the <c>odbc</c> application
	    now also looks for odbc libraries in <c>lib64</c> and
	    <c>lib/64</c> directories when building on a 64-bit
	    system. </item><item> The <c>config.h.in</c> file in the
	    <c>erl_interface</c> application is now automatically
	    generated in instead of statically updated which reduces
	    the risk of <c>configure</c> tests without any effect.
	    </item></list>
	    <p>(Thanks to Henrik Riomar for suggestions and
	    testing)</p>
	    <p>(Thanks to Winston Smith for the AVR32-Linux cross
	    configuration and testing)</p>
          <p>
	    *** POTENTIAL INCOMPATIBILITY ***</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-8323</p>
        </item>
        <item>
	    <p>NIF improvements:</p> <list><item> Driver API for
	    multi-threading made available for NIFs. </item><item>
	    Support for mempory managed (garbage collected) resource
	    objects. A way to pass "pointers" to native data
	    structures between C and Erlang in a safe way.
	    </item><item> Support for references, floats and term
	    comparison. </item><item> Various new functions, like
	    <c>enif_inspect_iolist_as_binary</c>,
	    <c>enif_make_sub_binary</c>, <c>enif_get_string</c>,
	    <c>enif_get_atom</c>, <c>enif_make_tuple_from_array</c>,
	    <c>enif_make_list_from_array</c>,
	    <c>enif_make_existing_atom</c>. </item></list>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-8335</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Minor alignment adjustments of scheduler specific data.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-8341</p>
        </item>
        <item>
	    <p>The documentation is now possible to build in an open
	    source environment after a number of bugs are fixed and
	    some features are added in the documentation build
	    process. </p>
	    <p>- The arity calculation is updated.</p>
	    <p>- The module prefix used in the function names for
	    bif's are removed in the generated links so the links
	    will look like
	    "http://www.erlang.org/doc/man/erlang.html#append_element-2"
	    instead of
	    "http://www.erlang.org/doc/man/erlang.html#erlang:append_element-2".</p>
	    <p>- Enhanced the menu positioning in the html
	    documentation when a new page is loaded.</p>
	    <p>- A number of corrections in the generation of man
	    pages (thanks to Sergei Golovan)</p>
	    <p>- The legal notice is taken from the xml book file so
	    OTP's build process can be used for non OTP
	    applications.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-8343</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    There is new <c>erlang:binary_to_term/2</c> BIF that
	    takes an option list. The option <c>safe</c> can be used
	    to prevent creation of resources that are not garbage
	    collected (such as atoms). (Thanks to Jayson Vantuyl.)</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-8367</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    The default settings for garbage collection of binaries
	    has been adjusted to be less aggressive than in R13B03.
	    It is now also possible configure the settings for binary
	    GC. See the documentation for <c>spawn_opt/2-5</c>,
	    <c>erlang:system_info/1</c>, <c>erlang:system_flag/2</c>,
	    <c>process_flag/2-3</c>, <c>erlang:trace/3</c>, and the
	    documenation for <c>erl</c> for the new command line
	    options <c>+hms</c> and <c>+hmbs</c>.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-8370</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    A bug causing memory corruption in re:run() has been
	    corrected. (Thanks to Yamashina Hio.)</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-8375</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    The <c>-Werror</c> option for <c>erlc</c> and the
	    compiler option <c>warnings_as_errors</c> will cause
	    warnings to be treated as errors. (Thanks to Christopher
	    Faulet.)</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-8382</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Explicit top directories in archive files are now
	    optional.</p>
          <p>
	    For example, if an archive (app-vsn.ez) just contains an
	    app-vsn/ebin/mod.beam file, the file info for the app-vsn
	    and app-vsn/ebin directories are faked using the file
	    info from the archive file as origin. The virtual
	    direcories can also be listed. For short, the top
	    directories are virtual if they does not exist.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-8387</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    An unnecessary lock operation in os:timestamp/0 has been
	    eliminated, making it slightly more efficient. (Thanks to
	    Jonas Falkevik and Tuncer Ayaz.)</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-8390</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    There is a new <c>+t</c> emulator option for changing the
	    maximum number of atoms. (Thanks to Julien Barbot.)</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-8405</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Fixed numerous compiler warnings generated by gcc 4.4.1
	    and tile-cc 2.0.1.78377 when compiling the runtime
	    system.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-8412</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    <c>configure</c> learned the option
	    <c>--enable-m32-build</c> to force the building of a
	    32-bit run-time on systems where the default C compiler
	    generates 64-bit executables by default.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-8415</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    HiPE now works in the 64-bit emulator on Mac OS X.
	    (Thanks to Geoff Cant.)</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-8416</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Improved handling of symbolic links to escripts</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-8417</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Add lock profiling tool.</p>
          <p>
	    The Lock profiling tool, lcnt, can make use of the
	    internal lock statistics when the runtime system is built
	    with this feature enabled.</p>
          <p>
	    This provides a mechanism to examine potential lock
	    bottlenecks within the runtime itself.</p>
          <p>
	    - Add erts_debug:lock_counters({copy_save, bool()}). This
	    option enables or disables statistics saving for
	    destroyed processes and ets-tables. Enabling this might
	    consume a lot of memory.</p>
          <p>
	    - Add id-numbering for lock classes which is otherwise
	    undefined.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-8424</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Removed spurious options to the emulator from escript.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-8427</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Minor documentation fixes. Mainly anchor adjustments.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-8457</p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>

</section>

<section><title>Erts 5.7.4</title>

    <section><title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
      <list>
        <item>
          <p>
	    An insufficient stack allocation was made when reading
	    CPU information on BSD operating systems. (Thanks Michael
	    Turner and Akira Kitada)</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-8207</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    A bug when supplying an argument without a dash directly
	    after the program name when starting erlang could prevent
	    distribution to start. This is now corrected.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-8209</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    A ticker process could potentially be blocked
	    indefinitely trying to send a tick to a node not
	    responding. If this happened, the connection would not be
	    brought down as it should.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-8218</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Using certain firewalls (i.e. MS IAS Client and certain
	    versions of COMODO) could expose an undocumented
	    behaviour in the Win32 socket interface causing the name
	    resolution calls to hang infinitely. This is now worked
	    around by adding possibilities for port programs under
	    Windows to use overlapped I/O on their standard
	    input/output file handles.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-8230</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Fixed bug on ETS tables with <c>write_concurrency</c>.
	    The emulator could crash when doing a <c>select</c> or
	    <c>match</c> with a bound key without finding any object.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-8242</p>
        </item>
        <item>
	    <p>The <c>information-request</c> /
	    <c>information-response</c>, and
	    <c>group-leader-change-request</c> /
	    <c>group-leader-changed-response</c> signal pairs
	    described below did not always adhere to the signal order
	    guarantees of Erlang's signal model in the runtime system
	    with SMP support. These signals could for example
	    sometimes pass exit signals.</p>
	    <p>The following BIFs behaviors can be modeled as if an
	    asynchronous <c>information-request</c> signal is sent to
	    <c>Pid</c>. If <c>Pid</c> is alive, it responds with an
	    asynchronous <c>information-response</c> signal;
	    otherwise, the runtime system responds with a
	    <c>no-such-process</c> signal. When the response is
	    received, the caller transforms it into the result of the
	    BIF.</p> <list> <item><c>is_process_alive(Pid)</c></item>
	    <item><c>erlang:process_display(Pid, Type)</c></item>
	    <item><c>process_info(Pid)</c></item>
	    <item><c>process_info(Pid, ItemSpec)</c></item> </list>
	    <p>When <c>Pid</c> resides on the same node as the caller
	    of <c>group_leader(GroupLeader, Pid)</c>, the
	    <c>group_leader/2</c> BIFs behavior can be modeled as if
	    an asynchronous <c>group-leader-change-request</c> signal
	    is sent to <c>Pid</c>. If <c>Pid</c> is alive, it
	    responds with an asynchronous
	    <c>group-leader-changed-response</c> signal; otherwise,
	    the runtime system responds with a <c>no-such-process</c>
	    signal. When the response is received, the caller
	    transforms it into the result of the BIF. The distributed
	    case which only consists of an asynchronous
	    <c>group-leader-change-request</c> signal and no response
	    is not effected.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-8245</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Errors in the <c>system_profile</c> documentation has
	    been corrected.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-8257</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Low watermark socket option modified high watermark
	    instead of low watermark in the inet_driver. (Thanks to
	    Feng Yu and Tuncer Ayaz)</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-8279</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    A race condition could cause the runtime system with SMP
	    support to end up in a completely unresponsive state.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-8297</p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>


    <section><title>Improvements and New Features</title>
      <list>
        <item>
          <p>
	    The use of <c>pthread_cond_timedwait()</c> have been
	    completely removed from the runtime system. This since
	    its behavior is unpredictable when the system clock is
	    suddenly changed. The previous use of it was harmless.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-8193</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    The documentation is now built with open source tools
	    (xsltproc and fop) that exists on most platforms. One
	    visible change is that the frames are removed.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-8201</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    A new garbage collecting strategy for binaries which is
	    more aggressive than the previous implementation.
	    Binaries now has a virtual binary heap tied to each
	    process. When binaries are created or received to a
	    process it will check if the heap limit has been reached
	    and if a reclaim should be done. This imitates the
	    behavior of ordinary Erlang terms. The virtual heaps are
	    grown and shrunk like ordinary heaps. This will lessen
	    the memory footprint of binaries in a system.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-8202</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    The <c>ErlDrvTermData</c> term types used by
	    <c>driver_output_term()</c> and <c>driver_send_term()</c>
	    have been extended with the term types
	    <c>ERL_DRV_INT64</c>, and <c>ERL_DRV_UINT64</c> for
	    passing 64-bit integers. Also the 64-bit integer data
	    types <c>ErlDrvSInt64</c> and <c>ErlDrvUInt64</c> have
	    been introduced.</p>
          <p>
	    For more information see the <seealso
	    marker="erl_driver">erl_driver(3)</seealso>
	    documentation.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-8205</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    [escript] The restriction that the first line in escripts
	    must begin with <c>#!</c> has been removed.</p>
          <p>
	    [escript] Some command line options to the escript
	    executable has now been documented. For example you can
	    run an escript in the debugger by just adding a command
	    line option.</p>
          <p>
	    [escript] The documentation of the escript header syntax
	    has been clarified. For example the header is optional.
	    This means that it is possible to directly "execute"
	    <c>.erl</c>, <c>.beam</c> and<c>.zip</c> files.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-8215</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    The instruction for building OTP on Windows was outdated
	    and incomplete, the document is updated.</p>
          <p>
	    Also the otp_build script required windows drives to show
	    up in Cygwin using the /cygdrive prefix. That requirement
	    is now removed.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-8219</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    A module can have native implemented functions (NIFs)
	    that are dynamically loaded by calling
	    <c>erlang:load_nif/2</c>. This is an experimental feature
	    that is not yet intended for production systems. It is
	    released with intention to get some early feedback on the
	    interfaces before they are carved in stone.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-8220</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    The <c>float/1</c> BIF would always force a garbage
	    collection. The BIFs <c>size/1</c>, <c>byte_size/1</c>,
	    <c>bit_size/1</c>, <c>abs/1</c>, and <c>round/1</c> would
	    force a garbage-collection if the result was not a
	    sufficiently small integer.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-8221</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    The <seealso
	    marker="erlang#port_command/3">erlang:port_command/3</seealso>
	    BIF has been added. <c>erlang:port_command/3</c> is
	    currently not auto imported, but it is planned to be auto
	    imported in OTP R14. For more information see the
	    <seealso marker="erlang">erlang(3)</seealso>
	    documentation.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-8225</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    '<c>configure --enable-darwin-64bit</c>' would fail if
	    Snow Leopard had been booted with the 64-bit kernel.
	    (Thanks to Ryan M. Graham.)</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-8236</p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>

</section>

<section><title>Erts 5.7.3</title>

    <section><title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
      <list>
        <item>
          <p>
	    On Windows, open_port({spawn,Command},Opts) could not run
	    executables with spaces in the path or filename,
	    regardless of quoting efforts. While
	    open_port({spawn_executable,Exec},Opts) can run any
	    executable, it was still impossible to use 'spawn' to do
	    the same thing. This is now corrected.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-8055</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    The scheduler bind type <c>processor_spread</c> spread
	    schedulers too much on large NUMA systems.</p>
          <p>
	    The new scheduler bind type <c>spread</c> spreads
	    schedulers as much as possible, and behaves as
	    <c>processor_spread</c> previously did. For more
	    information see the documentation of the <c>+sbt</c>
	    command line argument in the <c>erl(1)</c> documentation,
	    and the documentation of
	    <c>erlang:system_flag(scheduler_bind_type,
	    SchedulerBindType)</c>.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-8063</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Automatically detected CPU topology on Linux system could
	    erroneously contain logical processors with <c>-1</c> as
	    identifiers. This happened when
	    <c>sysconf(_SC_NPROCESSORS_CONF)</c> returned a value
	    larger than the amount of logical processors found.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-8064</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    When the minimal term [] (end of list) was sent as the
	    complete message to a process on another node, and
	    received there, it could not be decoded. This bug is now
	    corrected. Fortunately [] is uncommon as the complete
	    message in real applications but it is a serious bug
	    anyway.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-8092</p>
        </item>
        <item>
	    <p>A bug when the floating point exception pointer was
	    not initialized has been corrected. It manifested itself
	    on CentOS 5.1 sometimes when a floating point value was
	    sent to a remote node. Bug reported and patch suggested
	    by David Reiss, confirmed by Mikael Pettersson.</p>
	    <p>Some build problems on IRIX was also corrected.
	    Problem reported by Patrick Baggett, patch by Mikael
	    Pettersson.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-8095</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    A terminating process could erroneously unregister a name
	    for another process. This could occur under the following
	    conditions: The name of the terminating process was
	    unregistered and then registered for another process
	    simultaneously as the process that first had the name was
	    terminating.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-8099 Aux Id: seq11344 </p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Running erlc in a very deep directory (with a path length
	    of more 256 or more characters) would cause the emulator
	    to crash in a call to <c>list_to_atom/1</c>. (Thanks to
	    Chris Newcombe.)</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-8124</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    A deadlock of the runtime system could occur when
	    unregistering the name of a port.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-8145</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    <c>Makefile.in</c> has been updated to use the LDFLAGS
	    environment variable (if set). (Thanks to Davide
	    Pesavento.)</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-8157</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    The pthread rwlock implemention on Linux could cause
	    starvation of writers. We, therefore, now use our own
	    rwlock implementation on Linux.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-8158</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Open source Erlang builds are updated to work well on
	    Snow Leopard (MacOS X 10.6)</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-8168</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    A call to <c>erlang:system_info(schedulers_online)</c>
	    could end up in an infinite loop. This happened if the
	    amount of schedulers was larger than one, the amount of
	    schedulers online was one, and someone was blocking
	    multi-scheduling.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-8169</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    An error in erlang:system_profile/2 could cause
	    timestamped messages to arrive out of order in the SMP
	    case. This has now been fixed.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-8171</p>
        </item>
	<item>
	  <p>
	    <c>binary_to_atom/2</c> and
	    <c>binary_to_existing_atom/2</c> would leak memory if the
	    binary contained unaligned data.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-8192</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    The async thread pool in the runtime system without SMP
	    support used a memory allocator that was not thread safe
	    for async jobs.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-8194</p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>


    <section><title>Improvements and New Features</title>
      <list>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Processor internal NUMA nodes are now supported in the
	    ERTS internal CPU topology representation. For more
	    information see the documentation of the <c>+sct</c>
	    command line argument in the <c>erl(1)</c> documentation,
	    and the documentation of
	    <c>erlang:system_info(cpu_topology)</c>.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-8041</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Documentation for ets improved about concurrency.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-8050</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Emulator flags in an escript were earlier inherited to
	    emulators started from from the emulator running the
	    escript. For example when an escript invoked
	    <c>os:cmd("erl")</c>, the new emulator were given
	    erroneous emulator flags. This bug has now been fixed</p>
          <p>
	    Escript filenames may now contain dots.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-8060</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Made some BIFs non-recursive (relational operators,hash
	    and phash) to limit internal stack usage.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-8065</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Fixed Windows specific bug in erl_prim_loader. Now it
	    handles the root directory (e.g. c:/) better. This bug
	    affected the directory listing in the debugger.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-8080</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    A TCP socket with option <c>{packet,4}</c> could crash
	    the emulator if it received a packet header with a very
	    large size value (>2Gb). The same bug caused
	    <c>erlang:decode_packet/3</c> to return faulty values.
	    (Thanks to Georgos Seganos.)</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-8102</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    The maximum size of the export table has been raised from
	    65536 to 524288 entries.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-8104 Aux Id: seq11345 </p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    The file module has now a read_line/1 function similar to
	    the io:get_line/2, but with byte oriented semantics. The
	    function file:read_line/1 works for raw files as well,
	    but for good performance it is recommended to use it
	    together with the 'read_ahead' option for raw file
	    access.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-8108</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Fixed bug causing emulator crash when reading a term in
	    external format containing a corrupt list with a negative
	    length.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-8117</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    New emulator flag <c>+sss</c>, to set stack size of
	    scheduler threads.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-8119</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    The Windows utility Erlsrv, run in interactive mode now
	    accepts options for registering internal service name and
	    description field of Windows registry database.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-8132</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    <c>erlang:demonitor(Mon, [flush])</c> has been optimized.
	    Previously it always searched the message queue of the
	    caller for a <c>'DOWN'</c> message. Current
	    implementation only search the message queue when
	    necessary. It is quite common that the search is not
	    necessary.</p>
          <p>
	    A new option <c>info</c> has been added to
	    <c>erlang:demonitor/2</c>. For more information see the
	    <c>erlang(3)</c> documentation.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-8143</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    I/O tasks could unnecessarily be rescheduled. This was
	    harmless, but not useful work.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-8148</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Minor improvements of <c>erlang:memory/[1,2]</c>.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-8152</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    New configuration option to enable use of shared zlib.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-8155</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Fixed smp bug in ETS that could cause emulator crash when
	    table with more than 1000 objects accessed by several
	    processes, including calls to variants of <c>select</c>
	    or <c>match</c> combined with concurrent object deletion.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-8166 Aux Id: seq11392 </p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    The code path interpretation is now more relaxed. The
	    flag -code_path_choice now defaults to relaxed instead of
	    strict. See the documentation of code and init for more
	    info.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-8170</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Load balancing of run queues and check for I/O are
	    triggered more often than before in situations where
	    processes are scheduled often but are doing very little
	    work each time they execute.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-8172</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Call tracing binary comprehensions would cause an
	    emulator crash. (Thanks to Paul Mineiro.)</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-8179</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    <c>binary_to_term/1</c> would crash the emulator instead
	    of generating a <c>badarg</c> exception when given
	    certain invalid terms. (Thanks to Scott Lystig Fritchie.)</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-8180</p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>

</section>

<section><title>Erts 5.7.2</title>

    <section><title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
      <list>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Crash dumps should now cause less problems for the
	    crashdump_viewer application. (For processes where arity
	    was non-zero, the arguments are now longer printed - they
	    used to be printed in a format that was not parseable.)</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-7472 Aux Id: seq11019, 11292 </p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Processes could potentially get stuck on an offline
	    scheduler.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-7990</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    <c>binary_to_atom/2</c> and
	    <c>binary_to_existing_atom/2</c> could leak memory if
	    they caused a <c>badarg</c> exception.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-7997</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    A process could under very rare circumstances erroneously
	    be resumed.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-8000</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Load balancing between schedulers could under rare
	    circumstances cause an emulator crash.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-8008</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    <c>erlang:memory(processes_used)</c> always returned
	    <c>0</c> instead of the correct value. (Thanks to Geoff
	    Cant)</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-8022</p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>


    <section><title>Improvements and New Features</title>
      <list>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Major improvements of the Erlang distribution for Erlang
	    runtime systems with SMP support. Previously distribution
	    port locks were heavily contended, and all encoding and
	    decoding for a specific distribution channel had to be
	    done in sequence. Lock contention due to the distribution
	    is now negligible and both encoding and decoding of
	    Erlang messages can be done in parallel.</p>
          <p>
	    The old atom cache protocol used by the Erlang
	    distribution has been dropped since it effectively
	    prevented all parallel encoding and decoding of messages
	    passed over the same distribution channel.</p>
          <p>
	    A new atom cache protocol has been introduced which
	    isolates atom cache accesses and makes parallel encoding
	    and decoding of messages passed over the same
	    distribution channel possible. The new atom cache
	    protocol also use an atom cache size 8 times larger than
	    before. The new atom cache protocol is documented in the
	    ERTS users guide.</p>
          <p>
	    Erlang messages received via the distribution are now
	    decoded by the receiving Erlang processes without holding
	    any distribution channel specific locks. Erlang messages
	    and signals sent over the distribution are as before
	    encoded by the sending Erlang process, but now without
	    holding any distribution channel specific locks during
	    the encoding. That is, both encoding and decoding can be
	    and are done in parallel regardless of distribution
	    channel used.</p>
          <p>
	    The part that cannot be parallelized is the atom cache
	    updates. Atom cache updates are therefore now scheduled
	    on the distribution port. Since it is only one entity per
	    distribution channel doing this work there is no lock
	    contention due to the atom cache updates.</p>
          <p>
	    The new runtime system does not understand the old atom
	    cache protocol. New and old runtime systems can however
	    still communicate, but no atom cache will be used.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-7774</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Fixed a bug that caused error logging from
	    <c>driver_select</c> sometimes with additional symptoms
	    such as failing IP communications or even an emulator
	    crash.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-7898 Aux Id: seq11304 </p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Improved SMP concurrency for ETS tables. Several mutating
	    operations can now be performed truly concurrent on
	    different records of the same table. To support this, the
	    table has to be created with option
	    <c>write_concurrency</c>, as it is achieved at the
	    expense of some execution and memory overhead.
	    <c>ets:select</c> and <c>select_count</c> has also been
	    improved for all tables to not acquire exclusive table
	    lock during the iteration.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-7922</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    erl (that is erl.exe and dyn_erl) and erlexec has been
	    made more dynamic so no hard coded paths needs to added
	    at installation time to erl (that is erl.ini and erl).
	    Reltool will make use of this in a future release.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-7952</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Added functionality to get higher resolution timestamp
	    from system. The erlang:now function returns a timestamp
	    that's not always consistent with the actual operating
	    system time (due to resilience against large time changes
	    in the operating system). The function os:timestamp/0 is
	    added to get a similar timestamp as the one being
	    returned by erlang:now, but untouched by Erlangs time
	    correcting and smoothing algorithms. The timestamp
	    returned by os:timestamp is always consistent with the
	    operating systems view of time, like the calendar
	    functions for getting wall clock time, but with higher
	    resolution. Example of usage can be found in the os
	    manual page.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-7971</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Two new options are added to open_port - spawn_executable
	    which runs external executables in a controlled way, and
	    spawn_driver which only opens port to loaded Erlang
	    drivers. See the erlang manual page for details.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-7995</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    New functionality in ETS to transfer the ownership of a
	    table. A table can either change owner be declaring an
	    "heir", another process that will inherit the table if
	    the owner terminates. A table can also change owner by
	    calling a new function <c>ets:give_away</c>.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-8006</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Updates to Tilera build environment.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-8009</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    A stack trace was unnecessarily saved during process
	    termination.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-8014</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    User defined CPU topology and scheduler bind type can now
	    be set from the command line when starting an emulator.
	    For more information see the documentation of the
	    <c>+sct</c>, and the <c>+sbt</c> emulator flags in the
	    <c>erl(1)</c> documentation.</p>
          <p>
	    The CPU topologies returned from
	    <c>erlang:system_info/1</c> and
	    <c>erlang:system_flag/2</c> now always contain the
	    <c>processor</c> level, also when not strictly necessary.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-8030</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Various fixes in ETS: <c>ets:first</c> could return a
	    deleted key in a fixated table. <c>ets:lookup</c> could
	    return objects out of order if a deleted object was
	    re-inserted into a fixed bag. <c>ets:delete_object</c>
	    could fail to delete duplicate objects in a
	    duplicate_bag.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-8040</p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>

</section>

<section><title>Erts 5.7.1</title>

    <section><title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
      <list>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Fixed a bug on Windows that could make
	    <c>gen_tcp:send</c> hang trying to send an iolist of more
	    than 16 binaries.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-7816</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    The runtime system could under rare circumstances crash
	    during load balancing.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-7908 Aux Id: otp-7500 </p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    <c>run_erl</c> uses fallback if Unix98 pseudo-terminal is
	    not present on host.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-7916 Aux Id: seq11249 </p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    A message buffer memory leak in the runtime system
	    without smp support has been fixed.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-7941</p>
        </item>
        <item>
	    <p>Attempting to append a binary of 16Mb or greater to
	    another binary using the bit syntax would cause a
	    <c>system_limit</c> exception. There was also several
	    cases when constructing binaries when a <c>badarg</c>
	    exception was generated when it should have been
	    <c>system_limit</c>.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-7942</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    The runtime system with SMP support failed to terminate
	    the caller of <c>link(RemotePid)</c> properly, if
	    <c>RemotePid</c> was the pid of a process on an
	    unreachable node. The calling process was in this case
	    marked as exiting, but never terminated.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-7946</p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>


    <section><title>Improvements and New Features</title>
      <list>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Rudimentary support for cross compiling is added to the
	    source release. The support is still in its infancy and
	    has only been used to cross compile on Linux for a
	    different cpu architecture and a different Linux version,
	    but should be extendible to support other platforms as
	    well. The cross configuration files with examples are
	    placed in $ERL_TOP/xcomp/. View README.xcomp and run
	    $ERL_TOP/otp_build -help for further information.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-7854</p>
        </item>
        <item>
	    <p>The escape sequence <c>\{</c> which was given a new
	    interpretation in R13A has retained its old meaning (the
	    ASCII code for <c>{</c>), which means that codes greater
	    than 255 have to be stated using hexadecimal characters
	    (for example, <c>\x{AAA}</c>). The escape sequence
	    <c>\xH</c> where H is a hexadecimal character followed by
	    something else but a hexadecimal character is no longer
	    valid (incompatibility with R13A). Character codes less
	    than 256 can be stated using two hexadecimal characters
	    (for example, <c>\x0D</c>).</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-7891 Aux Id: OTP-7855 </p>
        </item>
        <item>
	    <p>The <c>term_to_binary/1</c> BIF used to be implemented
	    with recursive C code, which could cause the Erlang
	    emulator to terminate because of a stack overflow.</p>
	    <p>Also fixed some minor issues in
	    <c>term_to_binary/1</c> and <c>binary_to_term/1</c>
	    pointed out by Matthew Dempsky.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-7894</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Several glitches and performance issues in the Unicode
	    and I/O-system implementation of R13A have been
	    corrected.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-7896 Aux Id: OTP-7648 OTP-7887 </p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Minor documentation improvements of the
	    <c>scheduler_bind_type</c> argument of
	    <c>erlang:system_flag/2</c>, and the
	    <c>scheduler_bind_type</c>, and the
	    <c>scheduler_bindings</c> arguments of
	    <c>erlang:system_info/1</c>.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-7901 Aux Id: OTP-7777 </p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    There is a new BIF <c>erlang:make_tuple/3</c>.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-7913</p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>

</section>


<section><title>Erts 5.7</title>

    <section><title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
      <list>
        <item>
	    <p><em>OpenSource:</em></p>
	    <p>FreeBSD leap-seconds are handled according to patch
	    submitted by OpenSource user Kenji Rikitake. No test case
	    covers this functionality (unsupported platform).</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-7609</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    A corrected bug in ETS for <c>bag</c> and
	    <c>duplicate_bag</c>. A <c>delete/2</c> or
	    <c>lookup_element/3</c> could miss objects in a fixed
	    table if one or more objects with the same key had
	    already been deleted.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-7665</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    A new driver call-back <c>stop_select</c> is introduced
	    to allow drivers to de-select and then close a file
	    descriptor in a safe way in a SMP emulator. The old way
	    was not strictly according to posix standard and could in
	    some rare cases lead to unexpected behavior. A new flag
	    <c>ERL_DRV_USE</c> can be passed to
	    <c>driver_select()</c> to tell it that the descriptor
	    should be closed. <c>stop_select</c> is then called when
	    it is safe to do so. Old drivers will however still work
	    as before.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-7670</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    A bug fixed for TCP sockets with option
	    <c>{packet,http}</c>. An HTTP request with an absolute
	    URI was returned with a corrupt path string. This bug did
	    only exist in R12B-4 and R12B-5.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-7682 Aux Id: OTP-7647 </p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    run_erl did in some cases fail to extract control
	    sequences from to_erl (like: winsize=X,Y) and did instead
	    send them to be interpreted by the erlang shell.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-7688</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    A bug in the installer on Windows not updating file
	    associations properly is now corrected.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-7746</p>
        </item>
        <item>
	    <p>More space than necessary could be allocated in
	    binaries when appending to a binary (also in a binary
	    comprehension) and the data appended did not consist of
	    wholes bytes (e.g. 13 bits).</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-7747</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    The gen_sctp option sctp_peer_addr_params,
	    #sctp_paddrparams{address={IP,Port} was erroneously
	    decoded in the inet driver. This bug has now been
	    corrected.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-7755</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Outstanding async driver jobs leaked memory if the
	    issuing port died before the async jobs completed.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-7784</p>
        </item>
        <item>
	    <p>A bug in the dynamic library loading affecting, among
	    others, OpenSolaris is now corrected. (Thanks to Paul
	    Fisher.)</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-7796</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    run_erl compile errors fixed for FreeBSD</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-7817</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    A bug in the inet driver for SCTP on Solaris showing for
	    e.g gen_sctp:abort/1 and gen_sctp:eof/1 has been
	    corrected. Patch suggestion by Simon Cornish.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-7866</p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>


    <section><title>Improvements and New Features</title>
      <list>
        <item>
          <p>
	    The order of objects visited in select for ordered_set is
	    now documented.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-7339</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    The runtime system with SMP support now uses multiple,
	    scheduler specific run queues, instead of one globally
	    shared run queue.</p>
          <p>
	    The lock protecting the shared run queue was heavily
	    contended, and the shared run queue also caused Erlang
	    processes to randomly migrate between schedulers with
	    negative cache effects as a result.</p>
          <p>
	    With the current scheduler specific run queue solution,
	    lock contention due to run queue protection has been
	    reduced, and Erlang processes are only migrated when
	    needed to balance the load between the schedulers. The
	    reduced amount of migration also reduce lock contention
	    on locks protecting the scheduler specific instances of
	    the erts internal memory allocators.</p>
          <p>
	    The scheduler specific run queues are also a necessity
	    for a lot of future planned NUMA (Non-Uniform Memory
	    Access) specific optimizations.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-7500</p>
        </item>
        <item>
	    <p>Support for Unicode is implemented as described in
	    EEP10. Formatting and reading of unicode data both from
	    terminals and files is supported by the io and io_lib
	    modules. Files can be opened in modes with automatic
	    translation to and from different unicode formats. The
	    module 'unicode' contains functions for conversion
	    between external and internal unicode formats and the re
	    module has support for unicode data. There is also
	    language syntax for specifying string and character data
	    beyond the ISO-latin-1 range.</p>
	    <p>The interactive shell will support input and output of
	    unicode characters when the terminal and operating system
	    supports it.</p>
	    <p>Please see the EEP and the io/io_lib manual pages as
	    well as the stdlib users guide for details.</p>
	    <p><em>I/O-protocol incompatibilities:</em></p>
	    <p>The io_protocol between io_Server and client is
	    updated to handle protocol data in unicode formats. The
	    updated protocol is now documented. The specification
	    resides in the stdlib <em>users manual</em>, which is a
	    new part of the manual.</p>
	    <p><em>io module incompatibilities:</em></p>
	    <p>The io:put_chars, io:get_chars and io:get_line all
	    handle and return unicode data. In the case where
	    binaries can be provided (as to io:put_chars), they shall
	    be encoded in UTF-8. When binaries are returned (as by
	    io:get_line/get_chars when the io_server is set in
	    <em>binary mode</em>) the returned data is also
	    <em>always</em> encoded as UTF-8. The file module however
	    still returns byte-oriented data, why file:read can be
	    used instead of io:get_chars to read binary data in
	    ISO-latin-1.</p>
	    <p><em>io_lib module incompatibilities:</em></p>
	    <p>io_lib:format can, given new format directives (i.e
	    "~ts" and "~tc"), return lists containing integers larger
	    than 255. </p>
          <p>
	    *** POTENTIAL INCOMPATIBILITY ***</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-7648 Aux Id: OTP-7580 OTP-7514 OTP-7494
	    OTP-7443 OTP-7181 EEP10 EEP11 </p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    The format of the string returned by
	    <c>erlang:system_info(system_version)</c> (as well as the
	    first message when Erlang is started) has changed. The
	    string now contains the both the OTP version number as
	    well as the erts version number.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-7649</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Message passing has been further optimized for parallel
	    execution. Serial message passing is slightly more
	    expensive than before, but parallel send to a common
	    receiver is much cheaper.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-7659</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Lock contention on the atom table lock when decoding
	    Erlang terms on the external format has been drastically
	    reduced.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-7660</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    The undocumented, unsupported, and deprecated guard BIF
	    <c>is_constant/1</c> has been removed.</p>
          <p>
	    *** INCOMPATIBILITY with R12B ***</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-7673</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    The Erlang process lock implementation has been improved
	    by Mat Hostetter at Tilera Corporation.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-7692</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    A <c>{nodedown, Node}</c> message passed by the
	    <c>net_kernel:monitor_nodes/X</c> functionality is now
	    guaranteed to be sent after <c>Node</c> has been removed
	    from the result returned by <c>erlang:nodes/Y</c>.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-7725</p>
        </item>
        <item>
	    <p>The short-circuit operators <c>andalso</c> and
	    <c>orelse</c> no longer guarantees that their second
	    argument is either <c>true</c> or <c>false</c>. As a
	    consequence, <c>andalso</c>/<c>orelse</c> are now
	    tail-recursive.</p>
          <p>
	    *** POTENTIAL INCOMPATIBILITY ***</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-7748</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    A new BIF, <c>lists:keyfind/3</c>, has been added. It
	    works like <c>lists:keysearch/3</c> except that it does
	    not wrap the returned tuple in a <c>value</c> tuple in
	    case of success. (Thanks to James Hague for suggesting
	    this function.)</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-7752</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Optimization for drivers by creating small binaries
	    direct on process heap.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-7762</p>
        </item>
        <item>
	    <p><c>I bsl N</c> could cause the Erlang virtual machine
	    to run of memory instead generating a <c>system_limit</c>
	    if N was absurdly huge. (Thanks to Daniel Hedlund.)</p>
	    <p>There would always be a garbage collection when
	    evaluating <c>I bsl N</c> or <c>I bsr N</c> if <c>I</c>
	    was a bignum.</p>
	    <p>If <c>I</c> is an integer and <c>N</c> a bignum, <c>I
	    bsl N</c> will now cause the correct <c>system_limit</c>
	    exception instead of <c>bad_arith</c> as in earlier
	    releases.</p>
	    <p>If <c>I</c> is an integer and <c>N</c> a bignum, <c>I
	    bsr N</c> will return either 0 or -1 depending on the
	    sign of <c>I</c> instead of causing a <c>bad_arith</c>
	    exception as in earlier releases.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-7764</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Scheduler threads can now be bound to logical processors
	    on newer Linux and Solaris systems. More systems will be
	    supported in the future.</p>
          <p>
	    In some cases performance has increased drastically when
	    binding schedulers. Schedulers are not bound by default,
	    though. This since it might cause a performance
	    degradation if multiple programs have bound to
	    processors, e.g. multiple Erlang runtime systems. For
	    more information see the documentation of
	    <c>erlang:system_flag/2</c>.</p>
          <p>
	    In order to bind scheduler threads the CPU topology need
	    to be known. On some newer Linux and Solaris systems the
	    runtime system automatically detects the CPU topology. If
	    the emulator isn't able to automatically detect the CPU
	    topology, the CPU topology can be defined. For more
	    information see the documentation of
	    <c>erlang:system_flag/2</c>.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-7777</p>
        </item>
        <item>
	    <p>The compiler will refuse to a compile file where the
	    module name in the file differs from the output file
	    name.</p>
	    <p>When compiling using <c>erlc</c>, the current working
	    directory will no be included in the code path (unless
	    explicitly added using "-pa .").</p>
          <p>
	    *** POTENTIAL INCOMPATIBILITY ***</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-7793</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    The BIFs <c>atom_to_binary/2</c>,
	    <c>binary_to_atom/2</c>, and
	    <c>binary_to_existing_atom/2</c> have been added.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-7804</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    The amount of schedulers online can now be changed during
	    operation. The amount of schedulers online defaults to
	    the same amount as available logical processors. For more
	    information see the documentation of
	    <c>erlang:system_flag/2</c> and <c>erl</c>.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-7811</p>
        </item>
        <item>
	    <p>The deprecated functions <c>erlang:fault/1</c>,
	    <c>erlang:fault/2</c>, and <c>file:rawopen/2</c> have
	    been removed.</p>
          <p>
	    *** POTENTIAL INCOMPATIBILITY ***</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-7812</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Erts internal dynamically allocated process and port
	    specific data for rarely used data. This is used to
	    reduce memory usage of processes and ports that do not
	    use specific functionality. More functionality will be
	    moved to process and port specific data in future
	    releases.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-7818</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    New packet type <c>http_bin</c> for gen_tcp sockets and
	    <c>erlang:decode_packet</c>. It works like <c>http</c>
	    except that strings are returned as binaries instead of
	    lists.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-7821</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    The obsolete wd_keeper program for embedded Solaris
	    systems has been removed.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-7822</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Nodes belonging to different independent clusters can now
	    co-exist on the same host with the help of a new
	    environment variable setting ERL_EPMD_PORT.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-7826</p>
        </item>
        <item>
	    <p>There are new functions <c>erlang:min/2</c> and
	    <c>erlang:max/2</c> to calculate the minimum and maximum
	    of two terms, respectively. Note that the functions are
	    not auto-imported, so they need to be imported explicitly
	    or the <c>erlang</c> prefix must be used when calling
	    them.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-7841</p>
        </item>
        <item>
	    <p>The copyright notices have been updated.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-7851</p>
        </item>
        <item>
	    <p>Enhanced build environment for cross compilation to
	    Tilera Tile architecture.</p>
	    <p>Support for native ethread atomics on Tilera
	    Tile64/TilePro (Thanks to Tilera Corporation).</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-7852</p>
        </item>
        <item>
	    <p>The escape sequences <c>\x</c> and <c>\{</c> have been
	    assigned new interpretations (they used to return the
	    ASCII code for <c>x</c> and <c>{</c> respectively). One
	    or more octal characters inside curly brackets after a
	    leading backslash is from now on an alternative to the
	    existing syntax <c>\NNN</c>, but can also be used for
	    codes greater than 255. In a similar fashion, one or more
	    hexadecimal characters can be put inside curly brackets
	    after a leading <c>\x</c>. Furthermore, the escape
	    sequences <c>\xH</c> and <c>\xHH</c>, where N is a
	    hexadecimal character, can be used for codes less than
	    256.</p>
	    <p>NOTE: These new escape sequences are still considered
	    experimental and may be changed in the R13B release.</p>
          <p>
	    *** POTENTIAL INCOMPATIBILITY ***</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-7855</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    The PCRE library's exported function names are now
	    prefixed with erts_ in the erlang emulator to avoid
	    clashes with dynamically loaded drivers.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-7861</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    A runtime system with SMP support will now be built by
	    default on most platforms if a usable posix thread
	    library or native windows threads are found.</p>
          <p>
	    For more information see the top README file.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-7872</p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>

</section>


<section><title>Erts 5.6.5.1</title>

    <section><title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
      <list>
        <item>
          <p>
	    A corrected bug in ETS for <c>bag</c> and
	    <c>duplicate_bag</c>. A <c>delete/2</c> or
	    <c>lookup_element/3</c> could miss objects in a fixed
	    table if one or more objects with the same key had
	    already been deleted.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-7665</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    A bug fixed for TCP sockets with option
	    <c>{packet,http}</c>. An HTTP request with an absolute
	    URI was returned with a corrupt path string. This bug did
	    only exist in R12B-4 and R12B-5.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-7682 Aux Id: OTP-7647 </p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Calling <c>gen_tcp:send()</c> from several processes on
	    socket with option <c>send_timeout</c> could lead to much
	    longer timeout than specified. The solution is a new
	    socket option <c>{send_timeout_close,true}</c> that will
	    do automatic close on timeout. Subsequent calls to send
	    will then immediately fail due to the closed connection.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-7731 Aux Id: seq11161 </p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    A process being garbage collected via the
	    <c>garbage_collect/1</c> BIF or the
	    <c>check_process_code/2</c> BIF didn't handle message
	    receive and resume correctly during the garbage collect.
	    When this occurred, the process returned to the state it
	    had before the garbage collect instead of entering the
	    new state.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-7738</p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>

</section>

<section><title>Erts 5.6.5</title>

    <section><title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
      <list>
        <item>
          <p>
	    A bug in inet_drv concerning gen_tcp:connect has been
	    corrected. A connect towards a non-open port through open
	    firewalls could sometimes erroneously be successful. Any
	    subsequent operation would fail, though.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-6542</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Floating point arithmetics in drivers could cause a
	    runtime system crash and/or unexpected results on runtime
	    systems with floating point exceptions enabled. Floating
	    point exceptions are disabled unless explicitly enabled
	    or if hipe is enabled.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-7237</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    A bug when many sockets got signalled simultaneously
	    causing the emulator to panic with the message
	    "Inconsistent, why isnt io reported?" is now corrected.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-7420</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Starting erl with option "-detached" now disconnects
	    correctly from terminal session on Unix.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-7461</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Mended gdb etp-commands for ETS access.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-7538</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    <c>erlang:decode_packet/3</c> allows white space between
	    HTTP header tag and colon according to RFC2616.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-7543</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    An emulator compiled for SCTP now starts even if the
	    dynamic libraries are not present. The SCTP driver is
	    then of course not loaded.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-7551</p>
        </item>
        <item>
	    <p>To build on Mac OS X, 10.3.0 or later is now required
	    because of fixes for two problems:</p>
	    <p>There would be a resource leak when <c>erl_ddl</c>
	    attempted to unload a driver. This problem has been
	    corrected by using <c>dlopen()</c> (which works on all
	    modern Unix-like platforms) instead of the Mac OS X
	    specific API calls.</p>
	    <p>Signal handling in the run-time system for HiPE has
	    been updated to work on later versions of Mac OS X than
	    10.2.x. Therefore, <c>--enable-hipe</c> now works on Mac
	    OS X with Intel CPUs.</p>
	    <p>Thanks to Geoff Cant for the patches.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-7562</p>
        </item>
        <item>
	    <p>Corrected some information about the protocol between
	    EPMD and Erlang nodes. (Thanks to Michael Regen.)</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-7594</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    When using
	    <c>erlang:system_monitor(Pid,{long_gc,Time})</c>, and the
	    GC time exceeded 1 second, it sometimes erroneously
	    showed up as about 4300 seconds. (This bug was corrected
	    in R9C, but re-introduced in R12B.) (Thanks to Chris
	    Newcombe.)</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-7622 Aux Id: OTP-4903, seq8379 </p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>


    <section><title>Improvements and New Features</title>
      <list>
        <item>
          <p>
	    The driver entry of a dynamically loaded driver is now
	    copied when loaded which enables some internal
	    optimizations. Note that drivers that modify the driver
	    entry during execution will not work anymore. Such a
	    miss-use of the driver interface is however not
	    supported.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-6900</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    The split function is now added to the re library.
	    Exceptions and errors from both run, replace and split
	    are made more consistent.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-7514 Aux Id: OTP-7494 </p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Fixed harmless compiler warnings when building the
	    emulator and minor build changes in order to avoid
	    unnecessary rebuilds.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-7530</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    There is now experimental support for loading of code
	    from archive files. See the documentation of <c>code</c>,
	    <c>init</c>, <c>erl_prim_loader </c> and <c>escript</c>
	    for more info.</p>
          <p>
	    The error handling of <c>escripts</c> has been improved.</p>
          <p>
	    An <c>escript</c> may now set explicit arguments to the
	    emulator, such as <c>-smp enabled</c>.</p>
          <p>
	    An <c>escript</c> may now contain a precompiled beam
	    file.</p>
          <p>
	    An <c>escript</c> may now contain an archive file
	    containing one or more applications (experimental).</p>
          <p>
	    The internal module <c>code_aux</c> has been removed.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-7548 Aux Id: otp-6622 </p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    The reallocation functionality part of the ERTS internal
	    memory allocators, now consider current block in
	    combination with surrounding free blocks as an
	    alternative location for a reallocation.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-7555</p>
        </item>
        <item>
	    <p>There could remain false references from a process to
	    a module that has been called earlier, so that the
	    process would be killed if the module was reloaded.
	    (Thanks to Richard Carlsson.)</p>
	    <p>Also, the fix for this bug also made it possible to
	    make stack backtraces (as returned from
	    <c>erlang:get_stacktrace/0</c> and other functions) more
	    correct in that the immediate caller is always included
	    in the stack backtrace (it could sometimes be
	    missing).</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-7559</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Improved locking in IO-handling for better smp
	    performance.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-7560</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Improved BIF rescheduling functionality.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-7587</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Loading a module compiled with Erlang/OTP R9C and calling
	    <c>module_info/0</c> in the module would crash the
	    emulator. The emulator now refuses to load any module
	    compiled with R9C or earlier. (Note: only trivial modules
	    compiled with R10B or earlier could be loaded anyway.)
	    (Thanks to Martin Kjellin.)</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-7590</p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>

</section>

<section><title>Erts 5.6.4.2</title>

    <section><title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
      <list>
        <item>
          <p>
	    A process calling one of the following BIFs could under
	    very rare conditions deadlock in the runtime system with
	    SMP support: <c>check_process_code/2</c>,
	    <c>garbage_collect/1</c>, <c>process_info/[1,2]</c>,
	    <c>system_flag/2</c>, and
	    <c>erlang:suspend_process/[1,2]</c>.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-7582</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    A couple of statistics variables were not managed in a
	    thread safe manner in the runtime system with SMP
	    support.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-7583</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    An extremely rare race condition when terminating a
	    process could potentially cause a runtime system crash.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-7584</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Under certain conditions and when using run_erl/to_erl,
	    the terminal Erlang driver (ttsl_drv) could crash the
	    emulator by doing a division by zero due to incorrect
	    handling of terminals reporting a zero width. For
	    terminals reporting zero width, the driver now fallbacks
	    to a default width of 80 and a default height of 24
	    (vt100), as a fallback behaviour. This fixes the crashes
	    and also makes output on "dumb" terminals much more
	    readable.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-7592 Aux Id: seq11073 </p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>

</section>

<section><title>Erts 5.6.4.1</title>

    <section><title>Improvements and New Features</title>
      <list>
        <item>
          <p>
	    A new <c>erts_alloc</c> parameter
	    <c>+M&lt;S&gt;rmbcmt</c> (relative multiblock carrier
	    move threshold) has been added. It determines when to
	    force a moving realloc in a multiblock carrier when a
	    block is shrunk. For more information see the
	    <c>erts_alloc(3)</c> documentation.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-7540</p>
        </item>
        <item>
	    <p>The new option <c>+d</c> can be given to <c>erl</c> to
	    suppress the crash dump generation if an internal error
	    is detected. As a result, a more useful core dump is
	    produced.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-7578 Aux Id: seq11052 </p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>

</section>

<section><title>Erts 5.6.4</title>

    <section><title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
      <list>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Double backslashes in format string passed to the erts
	    internal printf implementation produced erroneous
	    results. No such format strings were passed to the erts
	    internal printf implementation, i.e., the bug was
	    therefore completely harmless. (Thanks to Perry Smith.)</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-7408</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Large files are now handled on Windows, where the
	    filesystem supports it.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-7410</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Bug fixed for <c>{packet,http}</c> when space follows
	    http headers.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-7458</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    The trace option <c>running</c> could cause an emulator
	    crash if the current function couldn't be determined.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-7484</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Using 16#ffffFFFF as a timeout value in receive...after
	    would often cause a timeout almost at once due to an
	    32-bit integer overflow. (Thanks to Serge Aleynikov and
	    Matthias Lang.)</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-7493</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    For the process that an escript runs in, the
	    <c>trap_exit</c> process flag is now <c>false</c> instead
	    of <c>true</c> (as in previous releases). Scripts that
	    depend on the previous (counter-intuitive) behaviour
	    might not work. (Thanks to Bengt Kleberg.)</p>
          <p>
	    *** POTENTIAL INCOMPATIBILITY ***</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-7517</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    A bug in the <c>string:to_integer/1</c> builtin made the
	    emulator unstable. This is now corrected. (Thanks to Lev
	    Walkin.)</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-7526</p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>


    <section><title>Improvements and New Features</title>
      <list>
        <item>
	    <p>Performance for ETS intensive applications should now
	    be better in the SMP emulator. Also, ETS table
	    identifiers (as returned by <c>ets:new/2</c>) are now
	    spread out in wider range than before (using 28 bits in a
	    32-bit emulator) to make sure that the table identifier
	    for a deleted table will not be quickly re-used.</p>
	    <p>NOTE: Table identifiers can now be negative integers.
	    Programs that (incorrectly) assume that table identifiers
	    can only be positive integers might stop to work. (The
	    type of a table identifier is intentionally not
	    documented, and may change in a future release.)</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-7348</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    New BIF <c>erlang:decode_packet/3</c> that extracts a
	    protocol packet from a binary. Similar to the socket
	    option <c>{packet, Type}</c>. Also documented the socket
	    packet type <c>http</c> and made it official.
	    <em>NOTE</em>: The tuple format for <c>http</c> packets
	    sent from an active socket has been changed in an
	    incompatible way.</p>
          <p>
	    *** POTENTIAL INCOMPATIBILITY ***</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-7404</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    The source code for the documentation for some
	    applications (erts, kernel, stdlib, and several others)
	    are now included in the source tar ball. There is
	    currently no Makefile support for building HTML files
	    from the source (such support will be included in a
	    future release).</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-7406</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    A lot of frequently accessed memory counters (erts
	    internal) have been removed. This since they hurt
	    performance on the runtime system with SMP support. As a
	    result <c>erlang:memory/[0,1]</c> will only deliver a
	    result if all <c>erts_alloc(3)</c> allocators are enabled
	    (default). The result delivered when all
	    <c>erts_alloc(3)</c> allocators are enabled are both more
	    accurate and less accurate than before. More memory than
	    before are included in the result, but the different
	    parts that are summed are not gathered atomically. A call
	    to <c>erlang:memory/[0,1]</c> is much cheaper for the
	    system than before. This since the information isn't
	    gathered atomically anymore which was very expensive.</p>
          <p>
	    *** POTENTIAL INCOMPATIBILITY ***</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-7468</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Pre-allocators used for, for example, timers, and
	    messages have been rewritten to be scheduler specific.
	    That is, different schedulers will now allocate from
	    different pools which reduces lock contention.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-7470</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    On Mac OS X, file:sync/1 now guarantees that all
	    filesystem buffers are written to the disk by using the
	    fcntl() with F_FULLFSYNC option. Previously, file:sync/1
	    called fsync(), which only guaranteed that the data had
	    been transferred to the disk drive. (Thanks to Jan
	    Lehnardt.)</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-7471</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Termination of a process that takes a long time can now
	    be preempted, i.e., the terminating process will be
	    rescheduled for later continuation of termination so that
	    other processes can execute. Termination of a process
	    that owns many and/or large ets tables typically takes a
	    long time.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-7477</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    A new trace option <c>exiting</c> has been added. The
	    <c>exiting</c> trace is similar to the <c>running</c>
	    trace, but for exiting processes. For more information
	    see the erlang(3) documentation.</p>
          <p>
	    The <c>erlang:trace/3</c> bif now doesn't block other
	    scheduler threads if only one tracee is specified in the
	    call to <c>erlang:trace/3</c>.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-7481</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    The re module is extended with repetitive matches (global
	    option) and replacement function.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-7494 Aux Id: OTP-7181 </p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    In the section about binary construction, the reference
	    manual now mentions what happens when an integer value
	    does not fit into an integer segment of size N (namely,
	    that the N least significant bits will be put into into
	    the binary and that the most significant bits will be
	    silently discarded). (Thanks to Edwin Fine.)</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-7506</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Setting the <c>{active,once}</c> for a socket (using
	    inets:setopts/2) is now specially optimized (because the
	    <c>{active,once}</c> option is typically used much more
	    frequently than other options).</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-7520</p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>


    <section><title>Known Bugs and Problems</title>
      <list>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Floating point arithmetics in drivers can cause a runtime
	    system crash and/or unexpected results on runtime systems
	    with floating point exceptions enabled. Floating point
	    exceptions are disabled unless explicitly enabled or if
	    hipe is enabled.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-7237</p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>

</section>

<section><title>Erts 5.6.3.3</title>

    <section><title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
      <list>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Binary construction with an integer field of size 0 at
	    the end of the constructed binary (and the size given in
	    a variable), would cause a write of one byte outside the
	    memory reserved for the binary, which in turn could cause
	    an emulator crash.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-7422</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    A race condition in the dynamic driver implementation
	    could cause an emulator crash. (Thanks to Paul Fisher)</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-7464</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Calls to <c>erlang:system_info(allocated_areas)</c> could
	    cause the runtime system with SMP support to crash.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-7474</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    The <c>env</c> option to <c>open_port()</c> could cause
	    the runtime system with SMP support to crash.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-7475</p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>


    <section><title>Improvements and New Features</title>
      <list>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Operations that needed to block other threads in the
	    runtime system with SMP support unnecessarily waited for
	    async threads to block. Most important the
	    <c>erlang:memory/[0,1]</c> bif, code loading, and the
	    <c>erlang:trace/3</c> bif.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-7480</p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>

</section>

<section><title>Erts 5.6.3.2</title>

    <section><title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
      <list>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Calls to <c>erlang:memory/[0,1]</c> could cause the
	    runtime system with SMP support to crash.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-7415</p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>

</section>

<section><title>Erts 5.6.3.1</title>

    <section><title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
      <list>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Doing local call trace on bit syntax matching code that
	    has been optimized with delayed sub-binary creation could
	    crash the emulator.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-7399 Aux Id: seq10978 </p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>

</section>

<section><title>Erts 5.6.3</title>

    <section><title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
      <list>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Only one to_erl process at a time is allowed to connect
	    to the same run_erl pipe. Prevents buggy behaviour when
	    IO from several to_erl's get interleaved.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-5107</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    IPv6 name resolving has now been fixed to use
	    getaddrinfo() patch (thoroughly reworked) courtesy of Love
	    Hörnquist-Åstrand submitted by Fredrik Thulin. It also
	    can use gethostname2() patch (also reworked) courtesy of
	    Mikael Magnusson for debian submitted by Sergei Golovan.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-5382</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Improved error handling in run_erl</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-7252</p>
        </item>
        <item>
	    <p>A permanent fix for the deadlock issue temporarily
	    fixed by OTP-7260.</p> <taglist><tag>OTP-7260</tag><item>
	    The runtime system with SMP support could under rare
	    circumstances deadlock when a distribution channel was
	    taken down while multiple simultaneous operations were
	    performed on it. </item></taglist>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-7267 Aux Id: OTP-7260 </p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    ./configure has been improved to find 64-bit OpenSSL
	    libraries.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-7270</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    A terminating process could under very rare circumstances
	    trigger a bug which could crash the runtime system with
	    SMP support.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-7272</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    SCTP_ADDR_CONFIRMED events are now handled by gen_sctp.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-7276</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    binary_to_term/1 would crash the emulator if the binary
	    data contained an external fun with non-atom module
	    and/or function. Corrected to generate a badarg
	    exception.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-7281</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    On Mac OS 10.5 (Leopard), sending to socket which the
	    other end closes could cause the emulator to consume 100%
	    CPU time. (Thanks to Matthias Radestock.)</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-7289</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    The vanilla driver used on Windows could crash the
	    emulator and sometimes produced corrupt files. The
	    vanilla driver is the driver that is used when one only
	    pass a filename as first argument to <c>open_port/2</c>.
	    <em>NOTE</em>: This use of <c>open_port/2</c> is
	    <em>obsolete</em>, and the documentation of this use has
	    previously been removed. The functionality is only
	    present for backward compatibility reasons and
	    <em>will</em> eventually be removed.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-7301</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Faulty matching in binaries larger than 512Mb on 64bit
	    machines fixed.(On 32bit, the size limit for binaries is
	    still 512Mb). Thanks to Edwin Fine and Per Gustafsson for
	    finding fault and fix.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-7309</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    crypto:start() on Windows caused emulator to hang on
	    error popup window if openssl DLL was not found. Windows
	    error popups now suppressed.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-7325</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Configuration option <c>without-termcap</c> can be used to
	    disable the use of termcap libraries for terminal cursor
	    control in the shell.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-7338</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    to_erl reports its terminal window size to run_erl in
	    order to get output formatted accordingly</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-7342</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    On Solaris, the <c>compressed</c> option for file
	    operations did not work if the file descriptor happened
	    to be greater than 255 (a problem with fopen() and
	    friends in Solaris itself).</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-7343 Aux Id: seq10949 </p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    A race condition in the runtime system with SMP support
	    causing an erroneous removal of a newly created ets table
	    has been fixed.</p>
          <p>
	    The race occurred when a process removed a table during
	    termination simultaneously as another process removed the
	    same table via <c>ets:delete/1</c> and a third process
	    created a table that accidentally got the same internal
	    table index as the table being removed.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-7349</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    <c>zlib:inflate</c> failed when the size of the inflated
	    data was an exact multiple of the internal buffer size
	    (4000 bytes by default).</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-7359</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    If the total number of allowed atoms is exceeded, there
	    will now be a controlled termination of the emulator with
	    a crash dump file. The emulator used to simply crash.
	    (Thanks Howard Yeh and Thomas Lindgren.)</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-7372</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    The break handler in werl on Windows could cause the
	    emulator to hang or crash, that is now corrected.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-7394 Aux Id: seq10969 </p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    The configure script now tests for an serious
	    optimization bug in gcc-4.3.0. If the bug is present, the
	    configure script will abort (if this happens, the only
	    way to build Erlang/OTP is to change to another version
	    of gcc). (Thanks to Mikael Pettersson.)</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-7397</p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>


    <section><title>Improvements and New Features</title>
      <list>
        <item>
          <p>
	    On Unix, the emulator now notices when the width of the
	    terminal has changed. (Thanks to Matthew Dempsky and
	    Patrick Mahoney.)</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-7290</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    There is a new function <c>init:stop/1</c> which can be
	    used to shutdown the system cleanly AND generate a
	    non-zero exit status or crash dump. (Thanks to Magnus
	    Froberg.)</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-7308</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    process_info(Pid, garbage_collection) now returns more
	    information</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-7311</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    The <c>hide</c> option for <c>open_port/2</c> is now
	    documented. (Thanks to Richard Carlsson.)</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-7358</p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>


    <section><title>Known Bugs and Problems</title>
      <list>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Floating point arithmetics in drivers can cause a runtime
	    system crash on runtime systems with floating point
	    exceptions enabled. Floating point exceptions are
	    disabled unless explicitly enabled or if hipe is enabled.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-7237</p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>

</section>


<section><title>Erts 5.6.2</title>

    <section><title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
      <list>
        <item>
          <p>
	    The maximum length of an atom of 255 characters is now
	    strictly enforced. <c>binary_to_term/1</c> will now fail
	    with a badarg if an encoded term contains an atom longer
	    than 255 characters. Atoms created by drivers will now be
	    truncated to 255 characters if necessary. (Thanks to
	    Matthew Dempsky.)</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-7147</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    A bug in "bignum handling" on some 64bit architectures
	    could cause rem and div operations on large numbers to
	    hang indefinitely. Rem operations involving the smallest
	    negative number representable in 28 bits or 60 bits could
	    also cause access violation and emulator crash. Both
	    errors are corrected.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-7177</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    When doing the initial garbage collection after waking a
	    hibernated process, a fullsweep garbage collection was
	    unnecessarily triggered.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-7212</p>
        </item>
        <item>
	    <p>The beta testing module <c>gen_sctp</c> now supports
	    active mode as stated in the documentation. Active mode
	    is still rather untested, and there are some issues about
	    what should be the right semantics for
	    <c>gen_sctp:connect/5</c>. In particular: should it be
	    blocking or non-blocking or choosable. There is a high
	    probability it will change semantics in a (near) future
	    patch.</p> <p>Try it, give comments and send in bug
	    reports!</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-7225</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Invalid arguments to <c>ets:update_counter/3</c> were not
	    handled correctly. A tuple position (<c>Pos</c>) less
	    than 1 caused the element directly following the key to
	    be updated (as if no position at all had been specified).
	    All invalid values for <c>Pos</c> will now fail with
	    <c>badarg</c>.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-7226</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    The runtime system with SMP support could under rare
	    circumstances deadlock when a distribution channel was
	    taken down while multiple simultaneous operations were
	    performed on it.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-7260</p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>


    <section><title>Improvements and New Features</title>
      <list>
        <item>
          <p>
	    More checksum/hash algorithms from the zlib library are
	    now available as built in functions (like md5 hashes has
	    been for a long time).</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-7128</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Minor improvements in the garbage collector.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-7139 Aux Id: OTP-7132 </p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    The switch "-detached" to the windows werl program now
	    can create an erlang virtual machine without any main
	    window and without a temporary console showing.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-7142</p>
        </item>
        <item>
	    <p><c>erlang:system_info/1</c> now accepts the
	    <c>logical_processors</c>, and <c>debug_compiled</c>
	    arguments. For more info see the, <c>erlang(3)</c>
	    documentation.</p> <p>The scale factor returned by
	    <c>test_server:timetrap_scale_factor/0</c> is now also
	    effected if the emulator uses a larger amount of
	    scheduler threads than the amount of logical processors
	    on the system. </p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-7175</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    A new BIF ets:update_element/3. To update individual
	    elements within an ets-tuple, without having to read,
	    update and write back the entire tuple.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-7200</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    A process executing the <c>processes/0</c> BIF can now be
	    preempted by other processes during its execution. This
	    in order to disturb the rest of the system as little as
	    possible. The returned result is, of course, still a
	    consistent snapshot of existing processes at a time
	    during the call to <c>processes/0</c>.</p>
          <p>
	    The documentation of the <c>processes/0</c> BIF and the
	    <c>is_process_alive/1</c> BIF have been updated in order
	    to clarify the difference between an existing process and
	    a process that is alive.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-7213</p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>

</section>


<section><title>Erts 5.6.1.1</title>

    <section><title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
      <list>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Not enough parameters were passed when sending an error
	    report in erl_check_io.c (Thanks to Matthew Dempsky).</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-7176</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    In rare circumstances, complex binary matching code could
	    cause the emulator to crash or not match when it should.
	    (Thanks to Rory Byrne.)</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-7198</p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>


    <section><title>Improvements and New Features</title>
      <list>
        <item>
	    <p>The <c>{allocator_sizes, Alloc}</c> and
	    <c>alloc_util_allocators</c> arguments are now accepted
	    by <c>erlang:system_info/1</c>. For more information see
	    the <c>erlang(3)</c> documentation.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-7167</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    The finishing reallocation of the heap block when
	    hibernating a process is now always moving the heap block
	    since it drastically reduces memory fragmentation when
	    hibernating large amounts of processes.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-7187</p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>

</section>

<section><title>Erts 5.6.1</title>

    <section><title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
      <list>
        <item>
          <p>
	    The SMP emulator on sparc64 erroneously used the sparc32
	    atomic and the sparc32 spinlock implementations which
	    caused it to crash.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-7006</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Call tracing the new guard BIFs <c>byte_size</c>,
	    <c>bit_size</c>, or <c>tuple_size</c> and the loading a
	    module that uses one of those functions, could cause the
	    emulator to terminate.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-7008</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    configuring --enable-darwin-universal or
	    --enable-darwin-64bit on MacOSX could result in a non
	    optimized emulator. Top level configure script now
	    corrected.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-7014</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    configuring --with-gd did not produce correct include
	    flags for percept.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-7015</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Environment variables weren't handled in thread safe
	    manner in the runtime system with SMP support on Windows.</p>
          <p>
	    <c>erl_drv_putenv()</c>, and <c>erl_drv_getenv()</c> has
	    been introduced for use in drivers. Do <em>not</em> use
	    putenv(), or getenv() directly in drivers. For more
	    information see the <c>erl_driver</c> documentation.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-7035</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    HIPE: Corrected the choice of interface to the send/3 and
	    setnode/3 BIFs for native-compiled code. Using the
	    incorrect interface could, in unusual circumstances, lead
	    to random runtime errors.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-7067</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Garbage collections could become extremely slow when
	    there were many keys in the process dictionary. (Thanks
	    to Fredrik Svahn.)</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-7068</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    The duplicate documentation directory in the windows
	    installation is removed.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-7070</p>
        </item>
        <item>
	    <p>Documentation bugfixes and clarifications.</p> (Thanks
	    to Joern ([email protected]), Matthias Lang, and Richard
	    Carlsson.)
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-7079</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    The runtime system with SMP support <em>not</em> using
	    the native atomic integer implementation part of OTP
	    could deadlock when run on a system with more than one
	    logical processor. That is, only the runtime system with
	    SMP support on <em>other</em> hardware platforms than
	    x86, x86_64, sparc32, and powerpc32 were effected by this
	    bug.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-7080</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    The break handling code (run when Ctrl-C is hit) could
	    could potentially deadlock the runtime system with SMP
	    support.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-7104</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    The sctp driver has been updated to work against newer
	    lksctp packages e.g 1.0.7 that uses the API spelling
	    change adaption -> adaptation. Older lksctp (1.0.6) still
	    work. The erlang API in gen_sctp.erl and inet_sctp.hrl
	    now spells 'adaptation' regardless of the underlying C
	    API.</p>
          <p>
	    *** POTENTIAL INCOMPATIBILITY ***</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-7120</p>
        </item>
        <item>
	    <p>A bug in <c>erlang:phash2/1</c> on 64-bit platforms
	    has been fixed. (Thanks to Scott Lystig Fritchie.)</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-7127</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    The emulator could under rare circumstances crash while
	    garbage collecting.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-7132</p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>


    <section><title>Improvements and New Features</title>
      <list>
        <item>
	    <p>The documentation has been updated so as to reflect
	    the last updates of the Erlang shell as well as the minor
	    modifications of the control sequence <c>p</c> of the
	    <c>io_lib</c> module.</p> <p>Superfluous empty lines have
	    been removed from code examples and from Erlang shell
	    examples.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-6944 Aux Id: OTP-6554, OTP-6911 </p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Bit syntax construction with a small integer in a
	    non-byte aligned field wider than the CPU's word size
	    could cause garbage bits in the beginning of the field.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-7085</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    All Windows versions older than Windows 2000 are now
	    <em>not supported</em> by the Erlang runtime system. This
	    since there was a need for usage of features introduced
	    in Windows 2000.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-7086</p>
        </item>
        <item>
	    <p>Memory management improvements especially for the
	    runtime system with SMP support:</p> <list> <item> The
	    runtime system with SMP support can now use multiple,
	    thread specific instances of most memory allocators. This
	    improves performance since it reduces lock contention in
	    the memory allocators. It may however increase memory
	    usage for some applications. The runtime system with SMP
	    support will by default enable this feature on most
	    allocators. The amount of instances used can be
	    configured. </item> <item> <c>driver_alloc()</c>,
	    <c>driver_realloc()</c>, and <c>driver_free()</c> now use
	    their own erts specific memory allocator instead of the
	    default <c>malloc()</c> implementation on the system.
	    </item> <item> The default configuration of some
	    allocators have been changed to fit applications that use
	    much memory better. </item> <item> Some new
	    <c>erts_alloc</c> configuration parameters have been
	    added. </item> <item> <c>erts_alloc_config</c> has been
	    modified to be able to create configurations suitable for
	    multiple instances of allocators. </item> <item> The
	    returned value from <c>erlang:system_info({allocator,
	    Alloc})</c> has been changed. This since an allocator may
	    now run in multiple instances. </item> </list> <p>If you
	    for some reason want the memory allocators to be
	    configured as before, you can pass the <c>+Mea r11b</c>
	    command-line argument to <c>erl</c>.</p> <p>For more
	    information see the <c>erts_alloc(3)</c>, the
	    <c>erts_alloc_config(3)</c>, and the <c>erlang(3)</c>
	    documentation.</p>
          <p>
	    *** POTENTIAL INCOMPATIBILITY ***</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-7100</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    On Unix, denormalized floating point numbers could not be
	    created using <c>list_to_float/1</c> or
	    <c>binary_to_term/1</c>. (Thanks to Matthew Dempsky.)</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-7122</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Native atomic integers and spin-locks are now also
	    available for the runtime system with SMP support on
	    sparc64.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-7130</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    FP exceptions support for sparc64 userspace on Linux has
	    been added. Note that FP exception support is now turned
	    off by default, so to actually enable it you need to do
	    '<c>./configure --enable-fp-exceptions</c>'.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-7131</p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>

</section>

<section><title>Erts 5.6</title>

    <section><title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
      <list>
        <item>
          <p>
	    A bug for raw files when reading 0 bytes returning 'eof'
	    instead of empty data has been corrected.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-6291 Aux Id: OTP-6967 </p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    All exported functions in gzio.c have now been renamed to
	    avoid conflict with drivers that are indirectly linked
	    with an external zlib library.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-6816 Aux Id: OTP-6591 </p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    On the 64-bit Erlang emulator, bit syntax construction
	    with integers containing more than 60 bits ("big
	    numbers") into fields with more than 60 bits could
	    produce incorrect results.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-6833</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    When the runtime system failed to allocate memory for
	    binaries, it could dead lock while writing the
	    <c>erl_crash.dump</c>.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-6848</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    The runtime system with SMP support could deadlock if a
	    process called the <c>erlang:suspend_process(Pid)</c> BIF
	    or the <c>erlang:garbage_collect(Pid)</c> BIF while the
	    process identified by <c>Pid</c> was currently running
	    and the process calling the BIFs was terminated during
	    the call to the BIFs.</p>
          <p>
	    Processes suspending each other via the
	    <c>erlang:suspend_process/1</c> BIF or garbage collecting
	    each other via the <c>erlang:garbage_collect/1</c> BIF
	    could deadlock each other when the runtime system with
	    SMP support was used.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-6920</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    <c>dbg</c> could leave traced processes in a suspended
	    state if the tracer process was killed with exit reason
	    <c>kill</c>.</p>
          <p>
	    <c>erlang:suspend_process/2</c> has been introduced which
	    accepts an option list as second argument. For more
	    information see the <c>erlang(3)</c> documentation.</p>
          <p>
	    Processes suspended via
	    <c>erlang:suspend_process/[1,2]</c> will now be
	    automatically resumed if the process that called
	    <c>erlang:suspend_process/[1,2]</c> terminates.</p>
          <p>
	    Processes could previously be suspended by one process
	    and resumed by another unless someone was tracing the
	    suspendee. This is <em>not</em> possible anymore. The
	    process resuming a process <em>has</em> to be the one
	    that suspended it.</p>
          <p>
	    *** POTENTIAL INCOMPATIBILITY ***</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-6946</p>
        </item>
        <item>
	    <p>file:write_file/3, file:write/2 and file:read/2 could
	    crash (contrary to documentation) for odd enough file
	    system problems, e.g write to full file system. This bug
	    has now been corrected.</p> <p>In this process the file
	    module has been rewritten to produce better error codes.
	    Posix error codes now originate from the OS file system
	    calls or are generated only for very similar causes (for
	    example 'enomem' is generated if a memory allocation
	    fails, and 'einval' is generated if the file handle in
	    Erlang is a file handle but currently invalid).</p>
	    <p>More Erlang-ish error codes are now generated. For
	    example <c>{error,badarg}</c> is now returned from
	    <c>file:close/1</c> if the argument is not of a file
	    handle type. See file(3).</p> <p>The possibility to write
	    a single byte using <c>file:write/2</c> instead of a list
	    or binary of one byte, contradictory to the
	    documentation, has been removed.</p>
          <p>
	    *** POTENTIAL INCOMPATIBILITY ***</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-6967 Aux Id: OTP-6597 OTP-6291 </p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Monitor messages produced by the system monitor
	    functionality, and garbage collect trace messages could
	    contain erroneous heap and/or stack sizes when the actual
	    heaps and/or stacks were huge.</p>
          <p>
	    As of erts version 5.6 the <c>large_heap</c> option to
	    <c>erlang:system_monitor/[1,2]</c> has been modified. The
	    monitor message is sent if the sum of the sizes of all
	    memory blocks allocated for all heap generations is equal
	    to or larger than the specified size. Previously the
	    monitor message was sent if the memory block allocated
	    for the youngest generation was equal to or larger than
	    the specified size.</p>
          <p>
	    *** POTENTIAL INCOMPATIBILITY ***</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-6974 Aux Id: seq10796 </p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
            <c>inet:getopts/2</c> returned random values on Windows
            Vista.</p>
          <p>
            Own Id: OTP-7003</p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>


    <section><title>Improvements and New Features</title>
      <list>
        <item>
          <p>
	    The emulator internal process lock implementation has
	    been rewritten and optimized. A slight risk of starvation
	    existed in the previous implementation. This risk has
	    also been eliminated in the new implementation.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-6500</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Bitstrings (bit-level) binaries and binary comprehensions
	    are now part of the language. See the Reference Manual.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-6558</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    The windows version of erlang now has SMP support. The
	    SMP emulator is run by default on machines which shows
	    more than one virtual or physical processor.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-6560 Aux Id: OTP-6925 </p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    The details of the compressed term format has been
	    documented in erl_ext_dist.txt. (Thanks to Daniel
	    Goertzen.)</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-6755</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    The runtime system with SMP support is now started by
	    default if more than one logical processor are detected.
	    For more information, see the <c>erl(3)</c>
	    documentation.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-6756</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    The external format for Erlang terms and the distribution
	    protocol are now documented in ERTS User's Guide.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-6779</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    New BIF's erlang:system_profile/1 and
	    erlang:system_profile/2. These BIF's controls concurrency
	    profiling options for processes, ports and schedulers.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-6783 Aux Id: OTP-6285 </p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    The <c>ErlDrvTermData</c> term types used by
	    <c>driver_output_term()</c> and <c>driver_send_term()</c>
	    have been extended with the term types
	    <c>ERL_DRV_BUF2BINARY</c>, <c>ERL_DRV_EXT2TERM</c>, and
	    <c>ERL_DRV_UINT</c>. <c>ERL_DRV_BUF2BINARY</c> is used
	    for passing and creating a binary,
	    <c>ERL_DRV_EXT2TERM</c> is used for passing terms encoded
	    with the external term format, and <c>ERL_DRV_UINT</c> is
	    used for passing unsigned integers.</p>
          <p>
	    Also the data types <c>ErlDrvUInt</c> and
	    <c>ErlDrvSInt</c> have been added which makes it more
	    obvious how arguments to term types are interpreted with
	    regards to width and signedness.</p>
          <p>
	    The incorrect data types <c>ErlDriverTerm</c>,
	    <c>ErlDriverBinary</c>, and <c>ErlDriverPort</c> in the
	    <c>erl_driver(3)</c> documentation have been replaced
	    with the correct data types <c>ErlDrvTermData</c>,
	    <c>ErlDrvBinary</c>, and <c>ErlDrvPort</c>.</p>
          <p>
	    For more information see the <c>erl_driver(3)</c>
	    documentation.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-6823</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Miscellaneous improvements of the erts internal thread
	    library.</p>
          <p>
	    It now support optimized atomic operations and spin-locks
	    on windows.</p>
          <p>
	    Fall-backs based on mutexes and/or spin-locks for missing
	    optimized atomic operations, spin-locks, or rwlocks has
	    been implemented. This makes it possible to compile the
	    runtime system with SMP support on a lot more platforms.</p>
          <p>
	    Default stack size on OpenBSD has been increased to 256
	    kilo-words.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-6831 Aux Id: OTP-6560 </p>
        </item>
        <item>
	    <p>Many bit syntax operations, both construction and
	    matching, are faster. For further information, see the
	    Efficiency Guide.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-6838</p>
        </item>
        <item>
	    <p>Literal lists, tuples, and binaries are no longer
	    constructed at run-time as they used to be, but are
	    stored in a per-module constant pool. Literals that are
	    used more than once are stored only once.</p>
	    <p>This is not a change to the language, only in the
	    details of its implementation. Therefore, the
	    implications of this change is described in the
	    Efficiency Guide.</p>
	    <p>Example 1: In the expression <c>element(BitNum-1,
	    {1,2,4,8,16,32,64,128})</c>, the tuple used to be
	    constructed every time the expression was executed, which
	    could be detrimental to performance in two ways if the
	    expression was executed in a loop: the time to build the
	    tuple itself and the time spent in garbage collections
	    because the heap filled up with garbage faster.</p>
	    <p>Example 2: Literal strings, such as <c>"abc"</c>, used
	    to be stored in the compiled code compactly as a byte
	    string and expanded to a list at run-time. Now all
	    strings will be stored expanded to lists (such as
	    <c>[$a,$b,$c]</c>) in the constant pool. That means that
	    the string will be faster to use at run-time, but that it
	    will require more space even when not used. If space is
	    an issue, you might want to use binary literals (that is,
	    <c>&lt;&lt;"abc"&gt;&gt;</c>) instead of string literals for
	    infrequently used long strings (such as error
	    messages).</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-6850</p>
        </item>
        <item>
	    <p>The Erlang driver API has been extended with a
	    portable POSIX thread like API for multi-threading. The
	    Erlang driver thread API provides:</p> <list>
	    <item>Threads</item> <item>Mutexes</item> <item>Condition
	    variables</item> <item>Read/Write locks</item>
	    <item>Thread specific data</item> </list> <p>For more
	    information see the <c>erl_driver(3)</c>
	    documentation.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-6857</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Recursive calls now usually consume less stack than in
	    R11B. See the Efficiency Guide.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-6862 Aux Id: seq10746 </p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    The deprecated BIFs <c>erlang:old_binary_to_term/1</c>
	    and <c>erlang:info/1</c> have been removed.</p>
          <p>
	    *** POTENTIAL INCOMPATIBILITY ***</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-6876</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Calls to driver call-backs triggered by external events
	    are now scheduled and interleaved with execution of
	    Erlang processes also on the runtime system without SMP
	    support.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-6878</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Faster arithmetic of integers of more than 27 bits signed
	    (or 60 bits signed on an 64-bit CPU), and also faster
	    integer multiplication. (Thanks to Tony Rogvall.)</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-6891</p>
        </item>
        <item>
	    <p>Significant improvements of the <c>process_info</c>
	    BIFs:</p> <list> <item> <c>process_info/2</c> can now be
	    called with a list of items as second argument in order
	    to atomically retrieve information about multiple items.
	    </item> <item> <c>process_info/[1,2]</c> has been
	    optimized in the runtime system with SMP support. The
	    whole scheduler could previously be blocked for a
	    significant period of time in <c>process_info/[1,2]</c>
	    waiting for a lock on the process being inspected. The
	    Erlang process calling <c>process_info/[1,2]</c> can
	    still be blocked for a significant period of time waiting
	    for the lock, but the scheduler will now be able to run
	    other processes while the process calling
	    <c>process_info/[1,2]</c> waits for the lock. </item>
	    <item> <c>process_info/2</c> now accept a few more items
	    than before. </item> <item> The documentation of
	    <c>process_info/[1,2]</c> has been improved. </item>
	    </list> <p>For more information see the <c>erlang(3)</c>
	    documentation.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-6899</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    <c>open_port({}, [])</c> could crash the emulator.
	    (Thanks to Matthew Dempsky.)</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-6901</p>
        </item>
        <item>
	    <p>Two new guard BIFs have been introduced as a
	    recommended replacement for <c>size/1</c>. (The
	    <c>size/1</c> BIF will be removed no earlier than in
	    R14B.) The BIFs are <c>tuple_size/1</c> to calculate the
	    size of a tuple and <c>byte_size/1</c> to calculate the
	    number of bytes needed for the contents of the binary or
	    bitstring (rounded up to the nearest number of bytes if
	    necessary).</p>
	    <p>There is also a new <c>bit_size/1</c> BIF that returns
	    the exact number of bits that a binary or bitstring
	    contains.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-6902</p>
        </item>
        <item>
	    <p>The <c>ets:fixtable/2</c> function, which has been
	    deprecated for several releases, has been removed.</p>
	    <p>The <c>ets:info/1</c> function has been reimplemented
	    as a BIF, which guarantees that information returned is
	    consistent.</p>
	    <p>The <c>ets:info/2</c> function now fails with reason
	    <c>badarg</c> if the second argument is invalid.
	    (Dialyzer can be used to find buggy code where the second
	    argument is misspelled.)</p>
          <p>
	    *** POTENTIAL INCOMPATIBILITY ***</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-6906</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    As the linux kernel may generate a minor fault when
	    tracing with CPU timestamps, and there exists no patch to
	    the Linux kernel that fixes the problem, cpu timestamps
	    are disabled on Linux for now.</p>
          <p>
	    *** POTENTIAL INCOMPATIBILITY ***</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-6922</p>
        </item>
        <item>
	    <p>The functions io:columns/0, io:columns/1, io:rows/0
	    and io:rows/1 are added to allow the user to get
	    information about the terminal geometry. The shell takes
	    some advantage of this when formatting output. For
	    regular files and other io-devices where height and width
	    are not applicable, the functions return
	    {error,enotsup}.</p>
	    <p>Potential incompatibility: If one has written a custom
	    io-handler, the handler has to either return an error or
	    take care of io-requests regarding terminal height and
	    width. Usually that is no problem as io-handlers, as a
	    rule of thumb, should give an error reply when receiving
	    unknown io-requests, instead of crashing.</p>
          <p>
	    *** POTENTIAL INCOMPATIBILITY ***</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-6933</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    <c>driver_caller()</c> can now also be used from the
	    <c>start</c> callback of a driver.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-6951</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    The emulator can now be compiled for 64bit intel, as well
	    as a 32bit universal binary on darwin/MacOSX 10.4 and
	    10.5.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-6961</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    If <c>open_port</c> fails because all available ports are
	    already in use, it will now throw a <c>system_limit</c>
	    exception instead of an <c>enfile</c> exception.
	    (<c>enfile</c> might still be thrown if the operating
	    system would return ENFILE.)</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-6968</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    The <c>spawn_monitor/1</c> and <c>spawn_monitor/3</c> BIFs
	    are now auto-imported (i.e. they no longer need an
	    <c>erlang:</c> prefix).</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-6975</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    On Windows, the werl window now handles resize, so that
	    the whole window can be utilized. Text selection is also
	    updated to be line oriented instead of rectangle oriented
	    as in earlier versions.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-6994 Aux Id: OTP-6933 </p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Kqueue support (kernel-poll) has been enabled on FreeBSD.
	    The problem with kqueue not detecting writes on a pipe on
	    FreeBSD was actually not a kqueue issue, but a writev on
	    pipes issue. Neither poll(), nor select() detected the
	    write when the bug hit. NetBSD and DragonFlyBSD probably
	    have or have had the same bug. This bug should have been
	    fixed in FreeBSD 6.3 and FreeBSD 7.0 thanks to
	    Jean-Sebastien Pedron.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-7001</p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>

</section>


<section><title>Erts 5.5.5.5</title>

    <section><title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
      <list>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Hanging writes on temporarily unavailable NFS
	    filesystems could cause the execution of (not file
	    related) erlang code to get blocked even though I/O
	    threads were used. This is now corrected.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-6907 Aux Id: seq10771 </p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>

</section>

<section><title>Erts 5.5.5.4</title>

    <section><title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
      <list>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Data passed to a driver via <c>erlang:port_call</c> could
	    be corrupted when the runtime system with SMP support was
	    used. (Thanks to YAMASHINA Hio.)</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-6879</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    In the SMP emulator, if several processes called
	    ets:update_counter/3 (even for different tables) when the
	    counter values exceeded 27 bits, the counter values could
	    be corrupted or the emulator could crash.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-6880 Aux Id: seq10760 </p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>

</section>


<section><title>Erts 5.5.5.3</title>

    <section><title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
      <list>
        <item>
	    <p>Creating a named table using <c>ets:new/2</c> or
	    renaming a named table using <c>ets:rename/2</c> could in
	    rare circumstances succeed, meaning that there would be
	    two or more tables with the same name. Now such call will
	    fail with a <c>badarg</c> exception as it is supposed to
	    do.</p>
	    <p><c>ets:delete/1</c> used on a named table now removes
	    the name immediately so that a new table with the same
	    name can be created.</p>
	    <p>Turning on call trace on the internal BIF that
	    implements <c>ets:delete/1</c> would crash the
	    emulator.</p>
	    <p>SMP emulator only: Using <c>ets:rename/2</c> on a
	    table that <c>ets:safe_fixtable/2</c> has been used on
	    could cause an emulator crash or undefined behaviour
	    because of a missing lock.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-6872 Aux Id: seq10756, seq10757 </p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>

</section>

<section><title>Erts 5.5.5.2</title>

    <section><title>Known Bugs and Problems</title>
      <list>
        <item>
          <p>
	    ets:select/3 on ordered_set and with a chunksize a
	    multiple of 1000 gave all elements instead of just 1000.
	    Also ets:slot/2 on ordered set could give unexpected
	    results on SMP emulator. Both problems are corrected.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-6842</p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>

</section>

<section><title>Erts 5.5.5.1</title>

    <section><title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
      <list>
        <item>
          <p>
	    All exported functions in gzio.c have now been renamed to
	    avoid conflict with drivers that are indirectly linked
	    with an external zlib library.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-6816 Aux Id: OTP-6591 </p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Calling binary_to_term/1 with certain invalid binaries
	    would crash the emulator.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-6817</p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>


    <section><title>Improvements and New Features</title>
      <list>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Restored speed of bit-syntax matching of 32 bits
	    integers.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-6789 Aux Id: seq10688 </p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>

</section>

  <section>
    <title>Erts 5.5.5</title>

    <section>
      <title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
      <list type="bulleted">
        <item>
          <p>The functions in gzio.c have been renamed to avoid
            conflict with drivers that indirectly linked with an
            external zlib library.</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-6591</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>The emulator without SMP support dumped core if an
            async-thread finished a job after the emulator had begun
            writing an <c><![CDATA[erl_crash.dump]]></c>. </p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-6685</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>In bit syntax matching, integer fields with greater
            size than 16Mb would fail to match. (Thanks to Bertil
            Karlsson and Francesco Pierfederici.)</p>
          <p>Matching out a 32-bit integer not aligned on a byte
            boundary from a binary could cause an heap overflow (and
            subsequent termination of the emulator).</p>
          <p>A module that contained bit syntax construction with a
            literal field size greater than 16Mb would fail to
            load.</p>
          <p>Several other similar bugs having to do with huge
            field sizes were eliminated.</p>
          <p>Attempting to construct a binary longer than 536870911
            bytes will now fail with a <c><![CDATA[system_limit]]></c> exception
            (rather than fail in mysterious ways or construct an
            binary with incorrect contents). Similarily, attempting
            to match a binary longer than 536870911 bytes will now
            fail (instead of producing an incorrect result). This
            limitation has been documented in the Efficiency Guide.
            (The limit is in the 32-bit emulator; use the 64-bit
            emulator if you need to handle larger binaries than
            536870911.)</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-6686</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>Bugs in rem and div of very large numbers are corrected.</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-6692</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p><c><![CDATA[erlang:system_info({allocator, Alloc})]]></c> didn't
            allocate enough heap when a bignum was part of the result
            which could cause an emulator crash.</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-6693</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>It was previously not possible to pass
            <c><![CDATA[erts_alloc]]></c> the same configuration via the
            command-line, as used by default. </p>
          <p>A <c><![CDATA[+M*]]></c> command-line argument that configure a
            size of some sort can now be passed a value that equals
            the size of the address space. The value used, in this
            case, will be <c><![CDATA["the size of the address space" - 1]]></c>.</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-6699</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p><c><![CDATA[SysIOVec* driver_peekq(ErlDrvPort port, int *vlen)]]></c> did not update <c><![CDATA[*vlen]]></c> if <c><![CDATA[port]]></c> was
            invalid. <c><![CDATA[*vlen]]></c> is now set to <c><![CDATA[-1]]></c> if the
            <c><![CDATA[port]]></c> is invalid.</p>
          <p>The <c><![CDATA[efile]]></c> driver
            expects <c><![CDATA[*vlen]]></c> to be updated also when the
            <c><![CDATA[port]]></c> is invalid. This situation occurs seldom, but
            when the runtime system has async-threads enabled and
            ports are killed it can. When it occurred the runtime
            system crashed.</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-6729</p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>

    <section>
      <title>Improvements and New Features</title>
      <list type="bulleted">
        <item>
          <p>For scripts written using <c><![CDATA[escript]]></c>, there is a new
            function <c><![CDATA[escript:script_name/0]]></c>, which can be used
            to retrieve the pathame of the script. The documentation
            has been clarified regarding pre-defined macros such as
            ?MODULE and the module name.</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-6593</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>The section Guards in the chapter The Abstract Format
            of the ERTS User's Guide has been updated.</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-6600</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>Corrected protocol layer flue for socket options
            SO_LINGER, SO_SNDBUF and SO_RCVBUF, for SCTP.</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-6625 Aux Id: OTP-6336 </p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>The behaviour of the inet option {active,once} on peer
            close is improved and documented.</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-6681</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>The inet option send_timeout for connection oriented
            sockets is added to allow for timeouts in communicating
            send requests to the underlying TCP stack.</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-6684 Aux Id: seq10637 OTP-6681 </p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>The command line flag <c><![CDATA[-args_file FileName]]></c>, and
            the environment variables <c><![CDATA[ERL_AFLAGS]]></c>, and
            <c><![CDATA[ERL_ZFLAGS]]></c> for the <c><![CDATA[erl]]></c> command have been
            added. For more information see the <c><![CDATA[erl(1)]]></c>
            documentation.</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-6697</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>The <c><![CDATA[is_constant/1]]></c> type test has been deprecated.
            <c><![CDATA[is_constant/1]]></c> is improperly named and almost
            entirely undocumented.</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-6731</p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>
  </section>

  <section>
    <title>Erts 5.5.4.3</title>

    <section>
      <title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
      <list type="bulleted">
        <item>
          <p><c><![CDATA[process_flag(trap_exit, Bad)]]></c> where <c><![CDATA[Bad]]></c>
            was a term not equal to <c><![CDATA[true]]></c> or <c><![CDATA[false]]></c>,
            didn't fail with <c><![CDATA[badarg]]></c> as it should; instead, the
            failure was silently ignored. This bug was introduced in
            <c><![CDATA[erts-5.5.2]]></c>.</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-6627 Aux Id: OTP-6160 </p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>The minimum and default stack size for async-threads has
            been increased to 16 kilowords. This since the previous
            minimum and default stack size of 8 kilowords proved to
            be too small (introduced in <c><![CDATA[erts-5.5.4.2]]></c>).</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-6628 Aux Id: OTP-6580, Seq10633 </p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>

    <section>
      <title>Improvements and New Features</title>
      <list type="bulleted">
        <item>
          <p>process_flag/2 accepts the new flag <c><![CDATA[sensitive]]></c>.</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-6592 Aux Id: seq10555 </p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>
  </section>

  <section>
    <title>Erts 5.5.4.2</title>

    <section>
      <title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
      <list type="bulleted">
        <item>
          <p>When a port steals control over a file descriptor from
            another port, the stealing port tests if the other port
            is alive. This in order to be able to give an accurate
            error message. In the runtime system with SMP support,
            this test was done without appropriate locks held. This
            could in worst case lead to an erroneous error message;
            therefore, this bug is to be considered harmless.</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-6602</p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>

    <section>
      <title>Improvements and New Features</title>
      <list type="bulleted">
        <item>
          <p>The default stack size for threads in the async-thread
            pool has been shrunk to 8 kilowords, i.e., 32 KB on
            32-bit architectures. This small default size has been
            chosen since the amount of async-threads might be quite
            large. The default stack size is enough for drivers
            delivered with Erlang/OTP, but might not be sufficiently
            large for other dynamically linked in drivers that use
            the <c><![CDATA[driver_async()]]></c> functionality. A suggested
            stack size for threads in the async-thread pool can be
            configured via the <c><![CDATA[+a]]></c> command line argument of
            <c><![CDATA[erl(1)]]></c>.</p>
          <p>*** POTENTIAL INCOMPATIBILITY ***</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-6580</p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>
  </section>

  <section>
    <title>Erts 5.5.4.1</title>

    <section>
      <title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
      <list type="bulleted">
        <item>
          <p>Setting the time on the system while using heart on a
            linux machine where the emulator was built with
            clock_gettime support (default from Linux 2.6/erts-5.5.4
            and upwards), could make the heart command fire. This was
            due to bug in the heart executable which is now
            corrected.</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-6598 Aux Id: seq10614 </p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>
  </section>

  <section>
    <title>Erts 5.5.4</title>

    <section>
      <title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
      <list type="bulleted">
        <item>
          <p>Corrected misspelling of '<c><![CDATA[-pz]]></c>' in the help text
            for <c><![CDATA[erlc]]></c>. (Thanks to Ulf Wiger.)</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-6433</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>The MD5 calculation of a BEAM file done by
            <c><![CDATA[code:module_md5/1]]></c>, <c><![CDATA[beam_lib:md5/1]]></c>, and by
            the compiler for the default value of the <c><![CDATA[vsn]]></c>
            attribute have all been changed so that its result will
            be the same on all platforms; modules containing funs
            could get different MD5s on different platforms.</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-6459</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>The emulator could dump core while writing an
            <c><![CDATA[erl_crash.dump]]></c> file if there were funs with a
            large terms in its environment. Since there is no way to
            inspect a fun's environment in the crashdump_viewer
            application anyway, a variables in the environment are
            now set to [] before dumping the fun. (Thanks to
            Jean-Sebastien Pedron.)</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-6504</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p><c><![CDATA[{Port, {exit_status, S}}]]></c> messages from ports
            opened with the <c><![CDATA[exit_status]]></c> option could under
            rare circumstances be delayed. This bug was present on
            Erlang runtime systems without SMP support on all unix
            operating systems other than SunOS.</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-6528</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>A bug in linuxthreads could cause the emulator to dump
            core when dlerror() was called before the first call to
            dlopen(). As a workaround the emulator always makes a
            call to dlopen() on initialization when linuxthreads is
            used as thread library.</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-6530</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>file:sync/1 did not do anything on Windows. Now it calls
            the system function for flushing buffers
            (FlushFileBuffers()). (Thanks to Matthew Sackman.)</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-6531</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p><c><![CDATA[open_port/2]]></c> could on the runtime system with SMP
            support fail with the wrong exit reason when a port
            couldn't be created. When this happened the exit reason
            was typically <c><![CDATA[eintr]]></c>, or <c><![CDATA[ebusy]]></c> instead of
            <c><![CDATA[eagain]]></c>.</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-6536</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>The file driver (efile_drv) did not flush data written
            using the option 'delayed_write' after the set timeout
            time, rather at the next file operation. This bug has now
            been corrected.</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-6538</p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>

    <section>
      <title>Improvements and New Features</title>
      <list type="bulleted">
        <item>
          <p>An interface towards the SCTP Socket API Extensions
            has been implemented.It is an Open Source patch courtesy
            of Serge Aleynikov and Leonid Timochouk. The Erlang code
            parts has been adapted by the OTP team, changing the
            Erlang API somewhat.</p>
          <p>The Erlang interface consists of the module
            <c><![CDATA[gen_sctp]]></c> and an include file
            <c><![CDATA[-include_lib("kernel/include/inet_sctp.hrl").]]></c> for
            option record definitions. The <c><![CDATA[gen_sctp]]></c> module is
            documented.</p>
          <p>The delivered Open Source patch, before the OTP team
            rewrites, was written according to
            http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-tsvwg-sctpsocket-13
            and was claimed to work fine, tested on Linux Fedora Core
            5.0 (kernel 2.6.15-2054 or later) and on Solaris 10 and
            11. The OTP team rewrites used the same standard document
            but might have accidentally broken some functionality. If
            so it will soon be patched to working state. The tricky
            parts in C and the general design has essentially not
            changed. During the rewrites the code was hand tested on
            SuSE Linux Enterprise Server 10, and briefly on Solaris
            10. Feedbach on code and docs is very much
            appreciated.</p>
          <p>The SCTP interface is in beta state. It has only been
            hand tested and has no automatic test suites in OPT
            meaning everything is most certainly not tested. Socket
            active mode is broken. IPv6 is not tested. The
            documentation has been reworked due to the API changes,
            but has not been proofread after this.</p>
          <p>Thank you from the OTP team to Serge Aleynikov and
            Leonid Timochouk for a valuable contribution. We hope we
            have not messed it up too much.</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-6336</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>A <c><![CDATA[{minor_version,Version}]]></c> option is now recognized
            by <c><![CDATA[term_to_binary/2]]></c>. {minor_version,1} will cause
            floats to be encoded in an exact and more space-efficient
            way compared to the previous encoding.</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-6434</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>There is a new <c><![CDATA[escript]]></c> program that can be used
            for writing scripts in Erlang. Erlang scripts don't need
            to be compiled and any arguments can be passed to them
            without risk that they are interpreted by the Erlang
            system.</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-6505</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>Setting and getting socket options in a "raw" fashion is
            now allowed. Using this feature will inevitably produce
            non portable code, but will allow setting ang getting
            arbitrary uncommon options on TCP stacks that do have
            them.</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-6519</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>Miscellaneous signal handling improvements on the Erlang
            runtime system with SMP support.</p>
          <p>The fallback implementation of spin locks and atomic
            operations are now implemented using pthread spin locks
            when pthread spin locks are found on the system.</p>
          <p>The Erlang runtime system with SMP support can now run on
            Linux systems that has Linuxthreads instead of NPTL
            (Native POSIX Thread Library). Note that the SMP support
            hasn't been as thoroughly tested with Linuxthreads as
            with NPTL. A runtime system with SMP support will
            therefore not be built by default on Linux when NPTL
            isn't found. In order to force a build of the runtime
            system with SMP support, pass <c><![CDATA[--enable-smp-support]]></c>
            to <c><![CDATA[configure]]></c> when building OTP.</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-6525</p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>
  </section>

  <section>
    <title>Erts 5.5.3.1</title>

    <section>
      <title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
      <list type="bulleted">
        <item>
          <p><c><![CDATA[erlang:system_flag(multi_scheduling, block)]]></c> could
            cause the emulator with SMP support to deadlock.</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-6431 Aux Id: OTP-6403 </p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>The runtime system with SMP support failed to call the
            driver timeout callback of ports in state closing. This
            could cause ports to fail flushing their I/O queues.</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-6432</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>The <c><![CDATA[{Port, closed}]]></c> message from a closed port
            could arrive at the port owner before <c><![CDATA[Port]]></c> had
            been removed from the result of <c><![CDATA[erlang:ports/0]]></c> in
            the runtime system with SMP support.</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-6437</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>The async id of async jobs created via
            <c><![CDATA[driver_async]]></c> wasn't created in a thread safe
            manner in the runtime system with SMP support. This could
            in worst case cause <c><![CDATA[driver_async_cancel()]]></c> to
            cancel another async job than intended.</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-6438</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>Under rare circumstances a terminating connection between
            two nodes could cause an instantaneous reconnect between
            the two nodes to fail on the runtime system with SMP
            support.</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-6447</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>In the documentation of the driver entry field
            <c><![CDATA[extended_marker]]></c> of erts version 5.5.3
            (<c><![CDATA[driver_entry(3)]]></c>), the following is stated: "The
            following fields are ignored if this field is equal to
            <c><![CDATA[0]]></c>". This is a documentation bug and has been
            changed to: "If this field is equal to <c><![CDATA[0]]></c>, all the
            fields following this field also <em>have</em> to be
            <c><![CDATA[0]]></c>, or <c><![CDATA[NULL]]></c> in case it is a pointer field".</p>
          <p>The runtime check for detection of old incompatible
            drivers made when loading drivers has been improved. The
            emulator can, however, not make sure that a driver that
            doesn't use the extended driver interface isn't
            incompatible. Therefore, when loading a driver that
            doesn't use the extended driver interface, there is a
            risk that it will be loaded also when the driver is
            incompatible. When the driver use the extended driver
            interface, the emulator can verify that it isn't of an
            incompatible driver version. You are therefore advised to
            use the extended driver interface.</p>
          <p>For more information see the <c><![CDATA[erl_driver(3)]]></c> and
            <c><![CDATA[driver_entry(3)]]></c> documentation.</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-6452 Aux Id: OTP-6330 </p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>When terminating ports on the runtime system with SMP
            support, removal of links to processes was done without
            locking the link lock on processes. This could cause an
            emulator crash.</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-6475</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>The emulator with SMP support could crash when a port
            flushed its I/O queue by calling <c><![CDATA[driver_async()]]></c>
            from the timeout driver callback.</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-6479</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>Large exit reasons could under rare circumstances cause
            the runtime system with SMP support to crash.</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-6521</p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>

    <section>
      <title>Improvements and New Features</title>
      <list type="bulleted">
        <item>
          <p>Faster system calls for keeping the time accurate are
            used on newer Linux kernels, which can result in a
            significant speed-up of the emulator on those systems.</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-6430</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>Added number of async threads and number of scheduler
            threads to the system information that can be retrieved
            via <c><![CDATA[driver_system_info()]]></c>. For more information see
            the <c><![CDATA[erl_driver(3)]]></c> documentation.</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-6440</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>When <c><![CDATA[SIGUSR1]]></c> is received by the runtime system
            with SMP support, the <c><![CDATA[erl_crash.dump]]></c> is now
            written by a special thread, instead of as before
            directly from the signal handler.</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-6465</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>term_to_binary/2 with compression is now faster.</p>
          <p></p>
          <p>term_to_binary/2 now accepts the option
            '<c><![CDATA[{compressed,Level}]]></c>' for specifying the
            compression level. <c><![CDATA[Level]]></c> must be in the range 0
            (no compression) through 9 (highest compression level).
            Default is 6.</p>
          <p>Future compatibility bugfix: binary_to_term/1 did not
            handle the <c><![CDATA[Uniq]]></c> and <c><![CDATA[Index]]></c> fields
            correctly.</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-6494</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>Removed unnecessary reallocation when initializing
            kernel-poll set.</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-6516</p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>
  </section>

  <section>
    <title>Erts 5.5.3</title>

    <section>
      <title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
      <list type="bulleted">
        <item>
          <p>Node and fun table entries could under rare circumstances
            be deallocated multiple times on the emulator with SMP
            support.</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-6369</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>epoll_wait() can repeat entries for the same file
            descriptor in the result array. This could cause the
            ready_input, ready_output, or event callbacks of a driver
            to unintentionally be called multiple times. We have only
            noted repeated entries when an error condition has
            occurred on the file descriptor. In this case, the
            repeated entries should normally not be a problem for the
            driver since it should detect the error and de-select the
            file descriptor. Therefore this bug should be considered
            harmless. The emulator now coalesce repeated entries into
            one.</p>
          <p>You are only affected by this bug if you are using
            erts-5.5.2.* and the kernel-poll feature on linux.</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-6376 Aux Id: OTP-6222 </p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>If a process that was waiting in gen_tcp:accept/1 was
            killed, calling gen_tcp:accept/1 again on the same listen
            socket would fail with '<c><![CDATA[{error,einval}]]></c>'.</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-6381 Aux Id: seq10535 </p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>The emulator failed to start on Solaris 10 when
            kernel-poll support was enabled and the maximum number of
            filedescriptors configured was less than or equal to 256.</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-6384 Aux Id: OTP-6222 </p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>The R10B compiler could generate unsafe
            <c><![CDATA[bs_save/bs_restore]]></c> instructions that could cause
            memory corruption. (The R11B compiler does not have that
            problem.) The erlang emulator will now refuse to load
            R10B-compiled modules that contain such unsafe
            <c><![CDATA[bs_save/bs_restore]]></c> instructions. In addition, the
            beam_validator module in the compiler will also reject
            such instructions (in case it is used to validate R10B
            code). (Thanks to Matthew Reilly.)</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-6386</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>Process and port timers could fail to work properly on
            the runtime system with SMP support. Many thanks to
            Dmitriy Kargapolov and Serge Aleynikov who tracked down
            this bug.</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-6387</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>Bit syntax code compiled by an R10B compiler that matched
            out a floating point number would not properly check that
            the floating point number was valid; if the float was,
            for instance, NaN the emulator could crash.</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-6395</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>statistics(runtime) on Windows used to return the elapsed
            system time for the process, instead of the user time.
            Corrected. (Thanks to Robert Virding.)</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-6407</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>A loadable driver (loaded by erl_ddll) which used
            driver_async() would cause the emulator to crash. (Thanks
            to Dmitriy Kargapolov.)</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-6410</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>Under rare circumstances the emulator on unix platforms
            could fail to terminate the Erlang port corresponding to
            a port program opened with the <c><![CDATA[exit_status]]></c> option.</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-6411</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>A link removed via <c><![CDATA[unlink/1]]></c> could under rare
            circumstances transfer exit signals for a short period of
            time after the call to <c><![CDATA[unlink/1]]></c> had returned when
            the runtime system with SMP support was used.</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-6425 Aux Id: OTP-6160 </p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>

    <section>
      <title>Improvements and New Features</title>
      <list type="bulleted">
        <item>
          <p>In the runtime system with SMP support, ports are now
            being scheduled on the scheduler threads interleaved with
            processes instead of being run in a separate I/O thread.</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-6262</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>More interfaces are added in erl_ddll, to support
            different usage scenarios.</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-6307 Aux Id: OTP-6234 </p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>In the runtime system with SMP support, the global
            I/O lock has been replaced with a more fine grained port
            locking scheme. Port locking is either done on driver
            level, i.e., all ports executing the same driver share a
            lock, or on port level, i.e., each port has its own lock.
            Currently the inet driver, the efile driver, and the
            spawn driver use port level locking and all other
            statically linked in drivers use driver level locking. By
            default dynamically linked in drivers will use locking on
            driver level. For more information on how to enable port
            level locking see the <c><![CDATA[erl_driver(3)]]></c> and the
            <c><![CDATA[driver_entry(3)]]></c> man pages. </p>
          <p>As of erts
            version 5.5.3 the driver interface has been extended. The
            extended interface introduce version management, the
            possibility to pass capability flags to the runtime
            system at driver initialization, and some new driver API
            functions. For example, the <c><![CDATA[driver_system_info()]]></c>
            function which can be used to determine if the driver is
            run in a runtime system with SMP support or not. The
            extended interface doesn't have to be used, <em>but</em>
            dynamically linked in driver <em>have</em> to be
            recompiled. For information see the <c><![CDATA[erl_driver(3)]]></c>
            and the <c><![CDATA[driver_entry(3)]]></c> man pages. </p>
          <p><em>NOTE:</em> Dynamically linked in drivers
            <em>have</em> to be recompiled. </p>
          <p>*** POTENTIAL INCOMPATIBILITY ***</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-6330 Aux Id: OTP-6262 </p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>A test and debug feature which modifies the timing of the
            runtime system has been added. For more information, see
            documentation of the <c><![CDATA[+T<Level>]]></c> command line
            argument of <c><![CDATA[erl(1)]]></c>.</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-6382</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>The version of zlib (http://zlib.net) linked into
            run-time system has been updated to version 1.2.3.</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-6394</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>The <c><![CDATA[erlc]]></c> program now passes on the <c><![CDATA[-smp]]></c>
            and <c><![CDATA[-hybrid]]></c> options to the Erlang emulator it
            starts. This is mainly useful for compiling native code,
            because native code must be compiled with same type of
            run-time system as in which it will be run.</p>
          <p>If the <c><![CDATA[-s]]></c> option is given, <c><![CDATA[erlc]]></c> now
            prints a warning that it is deprecated and that it will
            be removed in R12B.</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-6398</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>The <c><![CDATA[schedulers]]></c> option of
            <c><![CDATA[erlang:system_flag/2]]></c> has been removed, i.e., the
            number of scheduler threads cannot be changed after
            emulator boot time any more.</p>
          <p>A <c><![CDATA[multi_scheduling]]></c> option has been added to
            <c><![CDATA[erlang:system_flag/2]]></c>. This option can be used for
            blocking and unblocking multi-scheduling. For more
            information see the <c><![CDATA[erlang(3)]]></c> documentation.</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-6403</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>A port program that had been started with the
            <c><![CDATA[exit_status]]></c> option and closed one of the pipes
            used for communication with the emulator caused the
            emulator to continuously poll for termination of the port
            program. This only became a problem when the emulator
            didn't have other things to do and the port program
            closed a pipe much earlier than it terminated. When the
            emulator had other things to do, such as running Erlang
            processes, the emulator polled for termination in between
            scheduling of processes.</p>
          <p>Now the emulator doesn't poll for termination of the port
            program at all; instead, it waits for the child signal
            from the terminated port program to arrive and then
            schedules the Erlang port for termination.</p>
          <p>The termination of any port programs have also been
            optimized. Previously the termination of any port program
            did always cause a scan of a table of the size equal to
            maximum number of file descriptors. If the maximum number
            of file descriptors was large, this scan could be quite
            expensive. Now the search have been reduced to the set of
            ports started with the <c><![CDATA[exit_status]]></c> option.</p>
          <p>Note, all of the above only applies to Erlang emulators
            on Unix platforms.</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-6412 Aux Id: seq10194 </p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>* BEAM: added support for floating-point exceptions on
            FreeBSD (32-bit x86)</p>
          <p>* SMP: made locking procedures work even when native
            lock operations aren't implemented</p>
          <p>* SMP: improved timing accuracy in the timer thread
            (if enabled)</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-6424</p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>
  </section>

  <section>
    <title>Erts 5.5.2.2</title>

    <section>
      <title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
      <list type="bulleted">
        <item>
          <p>A bug in the kernel poll implementation could cause the
            emulator to omit polling for events on file descriptors.
            The bug was only present when using the kernel poll
            implementation based on epoll or kqueue. This bug was
            introduced in erts-5.5.2.</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-6344 Aux Id: OTP-6222 </p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>
  </section>

  <section>
    <title>Erts 5.5.2.1</title>

    <section>
      <title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
      <list type="bulleted">
        <item>
          <p>The run_erl program now acquires its pseudo-ttys using
            openpty(3), so that it will work on newer Linux
            distributions that don't have the traditional pseudo-tty
            devices in the file system. On platforms that don't have
            openpty(3), run_erl will still search for pseudo-tty
            devices in the file system.</p>
          <p>The run_erl program will now wait using waitpid(3) to
            prevent the program it spawned to become defunct. run_erl
            will also terminate after a delay of 5 seconds (to allow
            any pending output to be written to the log file) if the
            spawned program terminates even if some child of it still
            holds stdin and/or stdout open.</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-6225 Aux Id: seq10500 </p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>A bug in ordered_set ETS datatyp caused ets:select (and
            match) to return faulty results when the table contained
            process id's from another node.</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-6338</p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>
  </section>

  <section>
    <title>Erts 5.5.2</title>

    <section>
      <title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
      <list type="bulleted">
        <item>
          <p>erlc: A typo in the help text for '-pa path' was
            corrected.</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-6218</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>Failure in port command/control driver callbacks could
            crash the non-SMP emulator. This bug was introduced in
            the 5.5 version of erts.</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-6224</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>Erroneous "<c><![CDATA[Input driver gone away without deselecting!]]></c>" error reports could sometimes occur
            when a driver instance terminated in the ready_output()
            callback of the driver. This bug was only present in
            emulators that used poll(). Note, that this bug was
            harmless, the only effect it had was the erroneous error
            report.</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-6229 Aux Id: OTP-3993, Seq5266, Seq7247,
            OTP-4307 </p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>The emulator could cause a type assertion failure while
            writing an erl_crash.dump, causing the erl_crash.dump to
            be terminated and a core dump generated.</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-6235 Aux Id: seq10444 </p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>The registered name of a process is now the last
            observable resource removed before links and monitors are
            triggered when a process terminates.</p>
          <p>Previously ets tables were removed after the registered
            name. This could cause problems on the runtime system
            with SMP support for code that expected that ets tables
            owned by a specific process had been removed if the name
            of the process had been removed.</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-6237</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>Failure to fork() a new (os) process could cause the
            emulator to deadlock. This bug affect all emulators with
            SMP support, and emulators with async thread support on
            SunOS.</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-6241 Aux Id: OTP-3906 </p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>Fprof traces could become truncated for the SMP emulator.
            This bug has now been corrected.</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-6246</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>The undocumented functions inet:getiflist/0,1
            inet:ifget/2,3 and inet:getif/1 were completely broken on
            Windows. That has been fixed.</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-6255</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>Behavior in case of disappeared nodes when using the
            dist_auto_connect once got changed in R11B-1. The
            timeouts regarding normal distributed operations is now
            reverted to the old (pre R11B-1).</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-6258 Aux Id: OTP-6200, seq10449 </p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>The bsl and bsr operators could cause the emulator to
            crash if given invalid arguments. (Thanks to datacompboy
            and Per Gustafsson.)</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-6259</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>driver_cancel_timer() could under certain circumstances
            fail to cancel the timer on the runtime system with SMP
            support.</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-6261</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>A call to erlang:system_info(info) could deadlock the
            runtime system with SMP support.</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-6268</p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>

    <section>
      <title>Improvements and New Features</title>
      <list type="bulleted">
        <item>
          <p>Exit signals are now truly asynchronous in the runtime
            system with SMP support. This simplifies locking in bifs
            a lot, and makes process termination cheaper.</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-6160</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>When tracing on the runtime system with SMP support it
            can be difficult to know when a trace has been delivered
            to the tracer. A new built in function
            <c><![CDATA[erlang:trace_delivered/1]]></c> has been introduced in
            order to make it easier to know when the trace has been
            delivered. See the erlang(3) man page for more
            information.</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-6205 Aux Id: OTP-6269 </p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>Kernel poll support can now be combined with SMP support.
            Currently the following kernel poll versions exist:
            <c><![CDATA[/dev/poll]]></c>, <c><![CDATA[epoll]]></c>, and <c><![CDATA[kqueue]]></c>. Linux
            <c><![CDATA[kpoll]]></c> has been replaced with <c><![CDATA[epoll]]></c>. Some
            time in the future there will also be a kernel poll
            version using Solaris event ports.</p>
          <p>The "check io" implementation for unix has been
            completely rewritten. The current kernel poll
            implementation reduce the amount of system calls needed
            compared to the old kernel poll implementation.</p>
          <p>When <c><![CDATA[epoll]]></c> or <c><![CDATA[kqueue]]></c> is used either
            <c><![CDATA[poll]]></c> or <c><![CDATA[select]]></c> is used as fallback.
            Previously only <c><![CDATA[poll]]></c> could be used as fallback.
            Since <c><![CDATA[select]]></c> now can be used as fallback, kernel
            poll support is now also available on newer MacOSX. Note
            however, when <c><![CDATA[select]]></c> is used as fallback, the
            maximum number of file descriptors is limited to
            <c><![CDATA[FD_SETSIZE]]></c>. </p>
          <p>Kernel poll support is now enabled by default if
            <c><![CDATA[/dev/poll]]></c>, <c><![CDATA[epoll]]></c>, or <c><![CDATA[kqueue]]></c> is found
            when building OTP, i.e. you do not have to pass the
            <c><![CDATA[--enable-kernel-poll]]></c> argument to <c><![CDATA[configure]]></c>.
            As before, kernel poll is disabled by default in the
            runtime system. In order to enable it, pass the
            <c><![CDATA[+Ktrue]]></c> command line argument to <c><![CDATA[erl]]></c>.</p>
          <p>Note: <c><![CDATA[configure]]></c> will refuse to enable kernel poll
            support on FreeBSD since <c><![CDATA[kqueue]]></c> have problems with
            (at least) pipes on all version of FreeBSD that we have
            tested.</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-6222 Aux Id: seq10380 </p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>The <c><![CDATA[erl_ddll]]></c> module and the code in the emulator
            have been completely rewritten; several bugs were fixed.</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-6234</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>The SMP emulator now avoids locking for the following
            operations (thus making them as fast as in the UP
            emulator): <c><![CDATA[atom_to_list/1]]></c>, atom comparison, atom
            hashing, <c><![CDATA[erlang:apply/3]]></c>.</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-6252</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>There are new BIFs <c><![CDATA[erlang:spawn_monitor/1,3]]></c>,
            and the new option <c><![CDATA[monitor]]></c> for
            <c><![CDATA[spawn_opt/2,3,4,5]]></c>.</p>
          <p>The <c><![CDATA[observer_backend]]></c> module has been updated to
            handle the new BIFs.</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-6281</p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>
  </section>

  <section>
    <title>Erts 5.5.1.1</title>

    <section>
      <title>Improvements and New Features</title>
      <list type="bulleted">
        <item>
          <p>There is now an option read_packets for UDP sockets that
            sets the maximum number of UDP packets that will be read
            for each invocation of the socket driver.</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-6249 Aux Id: seq10452 </p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>
  </section>

  <section>
    <title>Erts 5.5.1</title>

    <section>
      <title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
      <list type="bulleted">
        <item>
          <p>Complex pattern matching of strings would fail in the 64
            bits emulator because of a bug in the loader. (Thanks to
            Igor Goryachev.)</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-6142</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p><c><![CDATA[-134217728 div 134217728]]></c> and <c><![CDATA[-134217728 rem 134217728]]></c> would be calculated incorrectly.
            <c><![CDATA[abs(-2147483648)]]></c> could in unlucky circumstances
            cause a heap overflow, as could size(Binary) when size of
            the binary was larger than 128Mb.</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-6154</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>erlang:display/1 displayed erroneous values for negative
            integers.</p>
          <p>Big integers (both positive and negative) were previously
            displayed in hexadecimal form while small integers were
            displayed in decimal form. All integers are now displayed
            in decimal form.</p>
          <p>NOTE: erlang:display/1 should only be used for debugging.</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-6156</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>A call to erlang:trace/3 with erroneous flags caused the
            SMP emulator to deadlock instead of exiting the calling
            process with badarg.</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-6175</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>A bug causing the emulator to hang when exiting a process
            that is exception traced has been fixed.</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-6180</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>ets:rename/1 could deadlock, or crash the SMP emulator
            when the table wasn't a named table.</p>
          <p>ets:next/2, and ets:prev/2 could return erroneous results
            on the SMP emulator.</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-6198 Aux Id: seq10392, seq10415 </p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>A memory allocation bug could cause the SMP emulator to
            crash when a process had executed a <c><![CDATA[receive after]]></c>
            with a larger timeout than 10 minutes.</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-6199</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>The runtime system with SMP support did not slowly adjust
            its view of time when the system time suddenly changed.</p>
          <p>Timeouts could sometimes timeout too early on the runtime
            system with SMP support.</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-6202</p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>

    <section>
      <title>Improvements and New Features</title>
      <list type="bulleted">
        <item>
          <p>The smp runtime system now automatically detects the
            number of logical processors on MacOSX (darwin) and
            OpenBSD.</p>
          <p>The smp runtime system is now built by default on MacOSX
            (darwin) on x86.</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-6119</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>The <c><![CDATA[-smp]]></c> command line argument now take the
            following options: <c><![CDATA[enable]]></c>, <c><![CDATA[auto]]></c>, or
            <c><![CDATA[disable]]></c>.</p>
          <p>Especially the <c><![CDATA[-smpauto]]></c> argument is useful since
            it starts the Erlang runtime system with SMP support if
            it is available and more than one logical processor are
            detected; otherwise, it starts the Erlang runtime system
            without SMP support. For more information see the
            <c><![CDATA[erl(1)]]></c> man page.</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-6126</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>Increased the reduction cost for sending messages in the
            SMP emulator so it behaves more like the non-SMP
            emulator.</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-6196</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>A port running a dynamically linked-in driver that exits
            due to the driver being unloaded now exits with exit
            reason <c><![CDATA[driver_unloaded]]></c>. Previously the port exited
            with exit reason <c><![CDATA[-1]]></c>.</p>
          <p>*** POTENTIAL INCOMPATIBILITY ***</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-6204</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>Changed name of the <c><![CDATA[erlang:system_info/1]]></c> argument
            <c><![CDATA[scheduler]]></c> to <c><![CDATA[scheduler_id]]></c>. This since the
            <c><![CDATA[scheduler]]></c> argument so easily could be mixed up
            with the <c><![CDATA[schedulers]]></c> argument (both returning
            integers).</p>
          <p>*** POTENTIAL INCOMPATIBILITY ***</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-6208</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>The changes below were made by Mikael Pettersson, HiPE.</p>
          <p>HiPE runtime system:</p>
          <p>Reduce overheads in the HiPE runtime system's BIF glue
            code.</p>
          <p>Fix bug when exceptions are thrown from BEAM to HiPE.</p>
          <p>Support SPARC on Linux.</p>
          <p>Support x86 on FreeBSD.</p>
          <p>Floating-point exceptions:</p>
          <p>Reduce overheads in checking results of floating-point
            operations.</p>
          <p>Minor bug fix in SSE2 floating-point exception
            handling.</p>
          <p>Support SSE2 floating-point exceptions on 32-bit x86
            machines.</p>
          <p>Make FP exceptions work in the SMP runtime system on
            FreeBSD/x86.</p>
          <p>Support floating-point exceptions on SPARCs running
            Linux.</p>
          <p>Runtime system:</p>
          <p>Minor scheduler optimisation in the non-SMP runtime
            system.</p>
          <p>Substantial reduction of I/O thread overheads in the
            SMP runtime system if the separate timer thread is used.
            (In R11B-1, the separate timer thread is not used.)</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-6211</p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>
  </section>

  <section>
    <title>ERTS 5.5</title>

    <section>
      <title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
      <list type="bulleted">
        <item>
          <p>Previously <c><![CDATA[unlink/1]]></c> and <c><![CDATA[erlang:demonitor/2]]></c>
            behaved completely asynchronous. This had one undesirable
            effect, though. You could never know when you were
            guaranteed <em>not</em> to be affected by a link that you
            had unlinked or a monitor that you had demonitored.</p>
          <p>The new behavior of <c><![CDATA[unlink/1]]></c> and
            <c><![CDATA[erlang:demonitor/2]]></c> can be viewed as two operations
            performed atomically. Asynchronously send an unlink
            signal or a demonitor signal, and ignore any future
            results of the link or monitor.</p>
          <p><em>NOTE</em>: This change can cause some obscure code
            to fail which previously did not. For example, the
            following code might hang:</p>
          <code type="none"><![CDATA[
            Mon = erlang:monitor(process, Pid),
            %% ...
            exit(Pid, bang),
            erlang:demonitor(Mon),
            receive
                {'DOWN', Mon , process, Pid, _} -> ok
            %% We were previously guaranteed to get a down message
            %% (since we exited the process ourself), so we could
            %% in this case leave out:
            %% after 0 -> ok
            end,
          ]]></code>
          <p>*** POTENTIAL INCOMPATIBILITY ***</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-5772</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>Two bugs fixed: If the environment variable <c><![CDATA[ERL_FLAGS]]></c>
            was set, its contents would be appended to the end of the
            command line even if the command line had an <c><![CDATA[-extra]]></c>
            options. Changed to place the options from <c><![CDATA[ERL_FLAGS]]></c>
            just before <c><![CDATA[-extra]]></c>. Also, the <c><![CDATA[-smp]]></c> and
            <c><![CDATA[-hybrid]]></c> flags no longer have any effect if placed
            after <c><![CDATA[-extra]]></c>.</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-6054</p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>

    <section>
      <title>Improvements and New Features</title>
      <list type="bulleted">
        <item>
          <p>The documentation for writing drivers in the ERTS User's
            Guide has been expanded and updated.</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-5192</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>The <c><![CDATA[andalso]]></c> and <c><![CDATA[orelse]]></c> operators are
            now allowed to be used in guards. That also applies to
            match specifications.</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-5894 Aux Id: OTP-5149 </p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>There is a new trace match spec function
            <c><![CDATA[{exception_trace}]]></c> and a corresponding trace
            message <c><![CDATA[exception_from]]></c> that can be used to trace
            on any exit from a function, both normal function return
            and exception return. See the documentation for
            details.</p>
          <p>The <c><![CDATA[return_to]]></c> trace message is now also
            generated when the execution returns to a function due to
            catching an exception.</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-5956</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>Erlang runtime system with SMP (symmetric multi processing)
            support.</p>
          <p>The runtime system with SMP support is in this release
            focused on stability and there are a number of steps
            with optimizations to follow before it will take 
            full advantage of multi processor systems.
            The released system is however truly multi threaded
            and you will notice increased performance
            for many applications already.
            We recommend that you evaluate your application on  
            the SMP version of the runtime system and wait for some
            more optimizations before you use it in a real product. 
            You will then discover if there are any problems in 
            your application that needs to be fixed in order for 
            it to work properly in a multi threaded environment. 
            More optimized versions of the runtime system
            with SMP support will be included in the R11B
            maintenance releases.</p>
          <p>The SMP enabled runtime system will be started if
            the <c><![CDATA[-smp]]></c> command line argument is passed to
            the <c><![CDATA[erl]]></c> command. In order to make use of more than
            one processor core, multiple scheduler threads are used. By
            default, the number of scheduler threads will equal
            the number of processor cores. The number of scheduler
            threads can be set with the <c><![CDATA[+S]]></c> command line argument.
            For more information see the <c><![CDATA[erl(1)]]></c> man page.</p>
          <p>A runtime system with SMP support is by default built on
            the following platforms if posix threads, and a gcc
            compiler of at least version 2.95 is found:</p>
          <list type="bulleted">
            <item>
              <p>Linux with at least kernel version 2.6 and the Native
                POSIX Thread Library on x86, x86_64, and 32-bits
                PowerPC.</p>
            </item>
            <item>
              <p>Solaris of at least version 8 on 32-bits SPARC-V9.</p>
            </item>
            <item>
              <p>MacOSX of at least version 10.4 (Darwin 8.0) on
                32-bits PowerPC.</p>
            </item>
          </list>
          <p>The runtime system with SMP support is known <em>not</em>
            to build on:</p>
          <list type="bulleted">
            <item>
              <p>Windows.</p>
            </item>
            <item>
              <p>Linux with kernel versions less than 2.4, or without
                the Native POSIX Thread Library.</p>
            </item>
            <item>
              <p>Other hardware platforms than x86, x86_64, 32-bits
                SPARC-V9 and 32-bits PowerPC.</p>
            </item>
          </list>
          <p>Windows will be supported in a future release.</p>
          <p>The runtime system with SMP support might build on other
            operating systems in combination with supported hardware.
            In order to force a build of a runtime system with SMP
            support, pass the <c><![CDATA[--enable-smp-support]]></c> command line
            argument to configure. Note, however, that it is not enough
            that it builds. The underlying thread library and operating
            system has to provide SMP support as well. If the thread
            library does not distribute scheduler threads over multiple
            processor cores then the runtime system will only seemingly
            provide SMP support. If the runtime system is not built by
            default on a specific platform, we have <em>not</em> tested
            it on that platform.</p>
          <p><em>NOTE</em>: The design of SMP support for drivers is
            ongoing. There will probably be incompatible driver
            changes (only affecting drivers run on the runtime system
            with SMP support) released as patches for R11B.</p>
          <p><em>Potential incompatibility</em>: Previously, specific
            driver call-backs were always called from the same thread.
            This is <em>not</em> true in the runtime system with SMP
            support. Calls to call-backs will be made from different
            threads, e.g., two consecutive calls to exactly the same
            call-back can be made from two different threads. This
            will in <em>most</em> cases not be a problem. All calls
            to call-backs are synchronized, i.e., only one call-back
            will be called at a time.</p>
          <p>In the future the default behavior will <em>probably</em>
            be the following: Calls to call-backs will, as now, be
            made from different threads. Calls to call-backs in the
            same driver <em>instance</em> will be synchronized. It
            will probably be possible to configure so that all calls
            to call-backs in all driver instances of a specific
            driver type will be synchronized. It may be possible to
            configure so that all calls to call-backs of a driver
            instance or a of a specific driver type will be made from
            the same thread.</p>
          <p>Parallelism in the Erlang code executed is a necessity
            for the Erlang runtime system to be able to take
            advantage of multi-core or multi-processor hardware.
            There need to be at least as many Erlang processes
            runnable as processor cores for the Erlang runtime system
            to be able to take advantage of all processor cores.</p>
          <p>An Erlang runtime system with SMP support with only one
            Erlang process runnable all the time will almost always be
            slower than the same Erlang runtime system without SMP
            support. This is due to thread synchronization overhead.</p>
          <p>Known major bottleneck in the Erlang runtime system:</p>
          <list type="bulleted">
            <item>
              <p>Currently the I/O system uses one "big lock", i.e. only
                one thread can do I/O at a time (with the exception of
                async threads and threads created by users own linked-in
                drivers). This is high on the list of things to
                optimize. Note, code that does not do I/O can be executed
                at the same time as one thread does I/O.</p>
            </item>
          </list>
          <p>Some pitfalls which might cause Erlang programs that work on
            the non-SMP runtime system to fail on the SMP runtime
            system:</p>
          <list type="bulleted">
            <item>
              <p>A newly spawned process will often begin executing
                immediately. Code that expects that the parent process
                will be able to execute for a while before the child
                process begins executing is likely to fail.</p>
            </item>
            <item>
              <p>High priority processes could previously provide
                mutual exclusion (bad programming style) by preventing
                normal and low priority processes from being run. High
                priority processes cannot be used this way to provide
                mutual exclusion.</p>
            </item>
            <item>
              <p><c><![CDATA[erlang:yield()]]></c> could be used to provide some
                kind of temporary mutual exclusion (also bad programming
                style). <c><![CDATA[erlang:yield()]]></c> cannot be used to provide
                any kind of mutual exclusion.</p>
            </item>
            <item>
              <p>Obscure pitfall, only if a process being traced also
                sends normal messages to the tracer:<br></br>
                &nbsp;&nbsp;The order between trace messages and normal
                messages is undefined. I.e. the order between normal
                messages sent from a tracee to a tracer and the trace
                messages generated from the same tracee to the same
                tracer is undefined. The internal order of normal
                messages and the internal order of trace messages will,
                of course, be preserved as before.</p>
            </item>
          </list>
          <p>The kernel poll feature is currently not supported by
            the runtime system with SMP support. It will probably be
            supported in a future release.</p>
          <p>*** POTENTIAL INCOMPATIBILITY ***</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-6006 Aux Id: OTP-6095 </p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>Linked-in driver modifications.</p>
          <list type="bulleted">
            <item>
              <p>Linked-in drivers must be recompiled.</p>
            </item>
            <item>
              <p>The <c><![CDATA[refc]]></c> field in the <c><![CDATA[ErlDrvBinary]]></c> type
                has been removed. The reference count can be accessed
                via API functions. For more information see
                the <c><![CDATA[erl_driver(1)]]></c> man page.</p>
            </item>
          </list>
          <p>*** POTENTIAL INCOMPATIBILITY ***</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-6095 Aux Id: OTP-6006 </p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>
  </section>

  <section>
    <title>ERTS 5.4.13</title>

    <section>
      <title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
      <list type="bulleted">
        <item>
          <p>Large files (more than 2 GBytes) are now handled on
            Solaris 8.</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-5849 Aux Id: seq10157 </p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>A failing bit syntax construction could fail with the
            PREVIOUS exception reason that had occurred in the process
            (instead of with <c><![CDATA[badarg]]></c>).</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-5911</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>When building OTP, the Kernel application was built in
            both the primary and secondary bootstrap steps, which
            would cause problems if OTP including its bootstrap is
            checked into a version control system (such as CVS).
            (Thanks to Sebastian Strollo.)</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-5921</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p><c><![CDATA[binary_to_term(<<131,109,255,255,255,255)]]></c> and
            similar expressions used to crash the emulator instead of
            causing a <c><![CDATA[badarg]]></c> exception. (Thanks to Matthias
            Lang.)</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-5933</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p><c><![CDATA[erlang:hibernate/3]]></c> could sometimes crash the emulator
            when no heap was needed.</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-5940</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>Execution of match specs could under rare circumstances
            cause the emulator to dump core.</p>
          <p>Execution of match specs could cause memory leaks in the
            hybrid emulator.</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-5955</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>A bug in <c><![CDATA[erlang:trace_info/2]]></c> when getting info for a
            function in a deleted module resulting in an emulator
            crash, has been corrected.</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-5957</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>Different (and old) <c><![CDATA[config.guess]]></c> files in the
            ERTS and Erl_Interface applications would cause build
            problems on the new Intel-based iMacs.
            (Thanks to Sebastion Strollo.)</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-5967</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>pthread header and library mismatch on Linux systems (at
            least some SuSE and Debian) with both NPTL and
            Linuxthreads libraries installed.</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-5981</p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>

    <section>
      <title>Improvements and New Features</title>
      <list type="bulleted">
        <item>
          <p>The driver_set_timer did not change the previous timeout
            if called a second time. Now it works as specified,
            changing the timeout.</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-5942</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>The undocumented <c><![CDATA[{packet,http}]]></c> option (for the
            <c><![CDATA[gen_tcp]]></c> module) did not not work correctly when
            there were multiple continuation lines. (Thanks to Per
            Hedeland.)</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-5945</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>The setuid_socket_wrap program was corrected to work for
            C compilers that treat the <c><![CDATA[char]]></c> type as unsigned.
            (Thanks to Magnus Henoch.)</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-5946</p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>
  </section>

  <section>
    <title>ERTS 5.4.12</title>

    <section>
      <title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
      <list type="bulleted">
        <item>
          <p>Fixed a minor build problem on Windows.</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-5819 Aux Id: OTP-5382 OTP-5540 OTP-5577 </p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>The <c><![CDATA[delay_send]]></c> option for <c><![CDATA[gen_tcp]]></c> was
            broken on Windows.</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-5822</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>If there were user-defined variables in the boot
            script, and their values were not provided using the
            <c><![CDATA[-boot_var]]></c> option, the emulator would refuse to
            start with a confusing error message. Corrected to show a
            clear, understandable message.</p>
          <p>The <c><![CDATA[prim_file]]></c> module was modified to not depend
            on the <c><![CDATA[lists]]></c> module, to make it possible to start
            the emulator using a user-defined loader. (Thanks to
            Martin Bjorklund.)</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-5828 Aux Id: seq10151 </p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>

    <section>
      <title>Improvements and New Features</title>
      <list type="bulleted">
        <item>
          <p>The HiPE compiler identifies more leaf functions,
            giving slightly faster code.</p>
          <p>Corrected problems in HiPE's coalescing register
            allocating that would cause it to fail when compiling
            very large functions (e.g. some of parse modules in the
            Megaco application).</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-5853</p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>
  </section>

  <section>
    <title>ERTS 5.4.11</title>

    <section>
      <title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
      <list type="bulleted">
        <item>
          <p>Timers could sometimes timeout too early. This bug has
            now been fixed.</p>
          <p>Automatic cancellation of timers created by
            <c><![CDATA[erlang:send_after(Time,pid(),Msg)]]></c> and
            <c><![CDATA[erlang:start_timer(Time,pid(),Msg)]]></c> has been
            introduced. Timers created with the receiver specified by a
            pid, will automatically be cancelled when the receiver
            exits. For more information see the <c><![CDATA[erlang(3)]]></c> man
            page.</p>
          <p>In order to be able to maintain a larger amount of timers
            without increasing the maintenance cost, the internal
            timer wheel and bif timer table have been enlarged.</p>
          <p>Also a number of minor bif timer optimizations have been
            implemented.</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-5795 Aux Id: OTP-5090, seq8913, seq10139,
            OTP-5782 </p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p><c><![CDATA[erlang:monitor(process,Pid)]]></c> hanged if <c><![CDATA[Pid]]></c>
            referred to a process on a non-existing node with the same
            nodename as the nodename of node on which the call was made.
            This bug has now been fixed.</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-5827</p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>

    <section>
      <title>Improvements and New Features</title>
      <list type="bulleted">
        <item>
          <p>By setting Unix environment variables, the priority for
            the emulator can be lowered when it is writing crash
            dumps and the time allowed for finishing writing a crash
            dump can be set to a certain number of seconds. See the
            documentation for <c><![CDATA[erl]]></c> in the ERTS application.
            (Also, a few other previously undocumented environment
            variables are now documented.)</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-5818</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>Documentation improvements:</p>
          <p>- documentation for <c><![CDATA[erlang:link/1]]></c> corrected</p>
          <p>- command line flag <c><![CDATA[-code_path_cache]]></c> added</p>
          <p>- <c><![CDATA[erl]]></c> command line flags clarifications</p>
          <p>- <c><![CDATA[net_kernel(3)]]></c> clarifications</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-5847</p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>
  </section>

  <section>
    <title>ERTS 5.4.10</title>

    <section>
      <title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
      <list type="bulleted">
        <item>
          <p>-D_GNU_SOURCE is now always passed on the compile command
            line on linux. This in order to ensure that all included
            system headers see _GNU_SOURCE defined.</p>
          <p>_GNU_SOURCE is now also defined on linux in configure
            when looking for features.</p>
          <p>Some minor (harmless) configure bugs were also fixed.</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-5749</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>Some compiler warnings and Dialyzer warnings were
            eliminated in the Tools application.</p>
          <p>When tracing to a port (which <c><![CDATA[fprof]]></c> does),
            there could be fake schedule out/schedule in messages
            sent for a process that had exited.</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-5757</p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>

    <section>
      <title>Improvements and New Features</title>
      <list type="bulleted">
        <item>
          <p>The BIFs <c><![CDATA[iolist_size/1]]></c> and <c><![CDATA[iolist_to_binary/1]]></c>
            has been added.</p>
          <p>The BIF <c><![CDATA[list_to_existing_atom/1]]></c> has been added.</p>
          <p>Minor bug fix: The exception reason could be changed
            to <c><![CDATA[error]]></c> inside nested try/catch constructs if the
            <c><![CDATA[erlang:raise/3]]></c> BIF was called with an empty
            stacktrace. (Calling <c><![CDATA[erlang:raise/3]]></c> with an empty
            stacktrace is NOT recommended.)</p>
          <p>Minor bugfix: On Windows, <c><![CDATA[file:open/2]]></c> will now
            return the documented error reason <c><![CDATA[{error,eisdir}]]></c>
            if the filename refers to a directory (it used to return
            <c><![CDATA[{error,eacces}]]></c>).</p>
          <p>The message in the documentation for
            <c><![CDATA[erlang:system_monitor/2]]></c>, description of
            <c><![CDATA[busy_dist_port]]></c>, was corrected.</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-5709 Aux Id: seq10100 </p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>The previously undocumented and UNSUPPORTED <c><![CDATA[zlib]]></c>
            module has been updated in an incompatible way and many
            bugs have been corrected. It is now also documented.</p>
          <p>*** POTENTIAL INCOMPATIBILITY ***</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-5715</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>New socket options <c><![CDATA[priority]]></c> and <c><![CDATA[tos]]></c> for
            platforms that support them (currently only Linux).</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-5756</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>Only the emulator is now linked with termcap library in
            order to decrease library dependencies for other otp
            programs.</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-5758</p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>
  </section>

  <section>
    <title>ERTS 5.4.9.2</title>

    <section>
      <title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
      <list type="bulleted">
        <item>
          <p>The native resolver has gotten an control API for
            extended debugging and soft restart. It is:
            <c><![CDATA[inet_gethost_native:control(Control)]]></c><br></br><c><![CDATA[Control = {debug_level,Level} | soft_restart]]></c><br></br><c><![CDATA[Level = integer() in the range 0-4]]></c>.</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-5751 Aux Id: EABln25013 </p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>
  </section>

  <section>
    <title>ERTS 5.4.9.1</title>

    <section>
      <title>Improvements and New Features</title>
      <list type="bulleted">
        <item>
          <p>On VxWorks, epmd did not handle file descriptors with
            higher numbers than 63. Also, if epmd should get a file
            descriptor with a number &gt;= FD_SETSIZE, it will close a
            the file descriptor and write a message to the log
            (instead of mysteriously fail); the Erlang node that
            tried to register will fail with a duplicate_name error
            (unfortunately, epmd has no way to indicate to the Erlang
            node why the register attempt failed).</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-5716 Aux Id: seq10070 </p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>
  </section>

  <section>
    <title>ERTS 5.4.9</title>

    <section>
      <title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
      <list type="bulleted">
        <item>
          <p>Timezone data is now initialized better. (was a problem
            at least on NetBSD 2.0.2) Thanks to Rich Neswold.</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-5621</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>The hybrid-heap emulator ('erl -hybrid') is much more
            stable. We have corrected all known bugs that caused it
            to dump core while running our test suites.</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-5634</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>Fixed rare memory leaks in <c><![CDATA[erlang:demonitor/1]]></c> when
            distributed monitors were removed.</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-5692</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>Processes were sometimes unnecessarily garbage collected
            when terminating. These unnecessary garbage collections
            have now been eliminated.</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-5693</p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>

    <section>
      <title>Improvements and New Features</title>
      <list type="bulleted">
        <item>
          <p>The <c><![CDATA[c:i/0]]></c> function will now run in a paged mode if
            there are more than 100 processes in the system. (Thanks
            to Ulf Wiger.)</p>
          <p><c><![CDATA[erlang:system_info(process_count)]]></c> has
            been optimized and does now return exactly the same value
            as <c><![CDATA[length(processes())]]></c>. Previously
            <c><![CDATA[erlang:system_info(process_count)]]></c> did not include
            exiting processes which are included in
            <c><![CDATA[length(processes())]]></c>.</p>
          <p>The <c><![CDATA[+P]]></c> flag for <c><![CDATA[erl]]></c>, which sets the maximum
            number of processes allowed to exist at the same, no longer
            accepts values higher than 134217727. (You will still
            probably run out of memory before you'll be able to reach
            that limit.)</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-5645 Aux Id: seq9984 </p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>The term-building driver functions
            <c><![CDATA[driver_output_term()]]></c> and <c><![CDATA[driver_send_term()]]></c>
            have been updated:</p>
          <p>The ERL_DRV_FLOAT type has been added.</p>
          <p>For the ERL_DRV_BINARY type, the length and offset are
            now validated against the length of the driver binary.</p>
          <p>The ERL_DRV_PID type is now implemented (it was
            documented, but not implemented).</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-5674</p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>
  </section>

  <section>
    <title>ERTS 5.4.8</title>

    <section>
      <title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
      <list type="bulleted">
        <item>
          <p><c><![CDATA[ets:delete/1]]></c> now allows other Erlang process to run
            when a large table is being deleted.</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-5572</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>A bug regarding tcp sockets which results in hanging
            <c><![CDATA[gen_tcp:send/2]]></c> has been corrected. To encounter
            this bug you needed one process that read from a socket,
            one that wrote more date than the reader read out so the
            sender got suspended, and then the reader closed the
            socket. (Reported and diagnosed by Alexey Shchepin.)</p>
          <p>Corrected a bug in the (undocumented and unsupported)
            option <c><![CDATA[{packet,http}]]></c> for <c><![CDATA[gen_tcp.]]></c>
            (Thanks to Claes Wikstrom and Luke Gorrie.)</p>
          <p>Updated the documentation regarding the second argument to
            <c><![CDATA[gen_tcp:recv/2]]></c>, the <c><![CDATA[Length]]></c> to receive.</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-5582 Aux Id: seq9839 </p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>Erlang/OTP will now build on Mac OS X 10.4 "Tiger" (the
            problem was that 10.4 has a partially implemented poll()
            function that can't handle devices). Also, on Mac OS X
            10.3 "Panther", Erlang/OTP will now use select() instead
            of poll() (because poll() on Mac OS X 10.3 is implemented
            using select()).</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-5595</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>A bug in the file driver when opening a file in
            compressed mode, and the returned allocated pointer from
            the compressing library was in very high memory (&gt;= 2GB),
            causing e.g. <c><![CDATA[file:read/2]]></c> to return
            <c><![CDATA[{error,ebadf}]]></c>, has been corrected.</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-5618</p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>

    <section>
      <title>Improvements and New Features</title>
      <list type="bulleted">
        <item>
          <p>The new fun <c><![CDATA[M:F/A]]></c> construct creates a fun that
            refers to the latest version of <c><![CDATA[M:F/A.]]></c> This syntax is
            meant to replace tuple funs <c><![CDATA[{M,F}]]></c> which have many
            problems.</p>
          <p>The new type test <c><![CDATA[is_function(Fun,A)]]></c> (which may be
            used in guards) test whether <c><![CDATA[Fun]]></c> is a fun that can be
            applied with <c><![CDATA[A]]></c> arguments. (Currently, <c><![CDATA[Fun]]></c>
            can also be a tuple fun.)</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-5584</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>In the HiPE application, there's a new experimental
            register allocator (optimistic coalescing), and the
            linear scan register allocator is now also available on
            ppc. Plus lots of cleanups.</p>
          <p>Minor hybrid heap corrections.</p>
          <p>The maximum size of a heap used to be artificially
            limited so that the size of a heap would fit in 28 bits;
            that limitation could cause the emulator to terminate in
            a garbage collection even if there still was available
            memory. Now the largest heap size for a 32 bit CPU is
            1,699,221,830 bytes. (Thanks to Jesper Wilhelmsson.)</p>
          <p>Also removed the undocumented <c><![CDATA[+H]]></c> emulator option.</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-5596</p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>
  </section>

  <section>
    <title>ERTS 5.4.7</title>

    <section>
      <title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
      <list type="bulleted">
        <item>
          <p><c><![CDATA[to_erl]]></c> could close unexpectedly on Linux systems.
            Also, output from the emulator could be lost. Corrected.</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-5561</p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>

    <section>
      <title>Improvements and New Features</title>
      <list type="bulleted">
        <item>
          <p>The <c><![CDATA[cpu_timestamp]]></c> option for <c><![CDATA[erlang:trace/3]]></c>
            is now also supported on Linux.</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-5532 Aux Id: seq9813 </p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>The last known <c><![CDATA[werl]]></c> window size/position is now saved
            correctly when <c><![CDATA[werl]]></c> is stopped with the window
            minimized. A problem with the placement not being saved if
            the emulator is halted or stopped from the JCL menu has also
            been fixed.</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-5544 Aux Id: OTP-5522 </p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>
  </section>

  <section>
    <title>ERTS 5.4.6</title>

    <section>
      <title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
      <list type="bulleted">
        <item>
          <p>Some math libraries do not always throw floating-point
            exceptions on errors. In order to be able to use these
            libraries, floating-point errors are now more thoroughly
            checked.</p>
          <p>Misc floating-point fixes for Linux and MacOSX.</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-5467</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>An internal buffer was sometimes not cleared which caused
            garbage to appear in error messages sent to the error
            logger.</p>
          <p><c><![CDATA[errno]]></c> was sometimes clobbered which caused erroneous
            error reports about <c><![CDATA[poll()]]></c> errors.</p>
          <p>Only emulators on unix platforms were affected by these
            bugs.</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-5492</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>The ethread library now works on OpenBSD.</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-5515</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>Corrected a bug in the (undocumented and unsupported)
            option <c><![CDATA[{packet,http}]]></c> for <c><![CDATA[gen_tcp]]></c>.
            (Thanks to Claes Wikstrom and Luke Gorrie.)</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-5519</p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>

    <section>
      <title>Improvements and New Features</title>
      <list type="bulleted">
        <item>
          <p><c><![CDATA[binary_to_term/1]]></c> could cause the emulator to crash
            when given invalid pids or funs.</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-5484 Aux Id: seq9801 </p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>Some more stability problems were fixed in the
            hybrid-heap emulator.</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-5489</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>After <c><![CDATA[werl]]></c> was closed with the window minimized, it
            was not possible to restart <c><![CDATA[werl]]></c> with an open
            window. A temporary solution has so far been implemented
            that restores the initial window settings every time
            <c><![CDATA[werl]]></c> is started.</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-5522</p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>
  </section>

  <section>
    <title>ERTS 5.4.5</title>

    <section>
      <title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
      <list type="bulleted">
        <item>
          <p>If a process had node links (created by
            <c><![CDATA[monitor_node/2]]></c>), executing
            <c><![CDATA[process_info(Pid,memory)]]></c> for that process would
            crash the emulator.</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-5420</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>Minor corrections to the help text printed by <c><![CDATA[erlc -help]]></c>. The documentation for <c><![CDATA[erlc]]></c> was also
            slightly updated.</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-5428</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>32-bit words were used for offsets in the garbage
            collector. This caused the emulator to crash on 64-bit
            machines when heaps were moved more than 4 GB during
            garbage collection.</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-5430</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p><c><![CDATA[is_boolean(42.5)]]></c> failed to load if optimization was
            explicitly turned off.</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-5448</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>If there was a call to <c><![CDATA[Module:foo/X]]></c> from any loaded
            module, the returned by <c><![CDATA[M:module_info(exports)]]></c> would
            always include <c><![CDATA[{foo,X}]]></c> (even though
            <c><![CDATA[Module:foo/X]]></c> if was not defined).</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-5450 Aux Id: seq9722 </p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>

    <section>
      <title>Improvements and New Features</title>
      <list type="bulleted">
        <item>
          <p>The <c><![CDATA[c]]></c> option for the <c><![CDATA[+B]]></c> flag has been
            introduced which makes it possible to use Ctrl-C
            (Ctrl-Break on Windows) to interrupt the shell process
            rather than to invoke the emulator break handler. All new
            <c><![CDATA[+B]]></c> options are also supported on Windows
            (<c><![CDATA[werl]]></c>) as of now. Furthermore, Ctrl-C on Windows has
            now been reserved for copying text (what Ctrl-Ins was used
            for previously). Ctrl-Break should be used for break
            handling. Lastly, the documentation of the system flags has
            been updated.</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-5388</p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>
  </section>

  <section>
    <title>ERTS 5.4.4</title>

    <section>
      <title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
      <list type="bulleted">
        <item>
          <p>The function <c><![CDATA[erlang:float/1]]></c> can now be used in
            match specifications and is recognized by
            <c><![CDATA[dbg:fun2ms/1]]></c> and <c><![CDATA[ets:fun2ms/1]]></c>. This
            addition is part of the work to "harmonize" match
            specification guards with Erlang guards.</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-5297 Aux Id: OTP-4927 </p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>The <c><![CDATA[register/2]]></c> BIF would return <c><![CDATA[true]]></c> even if
            the second argument was not a pid for living process.
            Corrected to cause an exception.</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-5324 Aux Id: seq9698 </p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>In the 'bag' type of ets tables, elements having the same
            key were supposed to be order in insertion order. The
            would be wrong if a rehash occurred.</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-5340 Aux Id: seq9704 </p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>Linked in drivers in the Crypto and Asn1 applications
            are now compiled with the <c><![CDATA[-D_THREAD_SAFE]]></c> and
            <c><![CDATA[-D_REENTRANT]]></c> switches on unix when the emulator has
            thread support enabled.</p>
          <p>Linked in drivers on MacOSX are not compiled with the
            undocumented <c><![CDATA[-lbundle1.o]]></c> switch anymore. Thanks to
            Sean Hinde who sent us a patch.</p>
          <p>Linked in driver in Crypto, and port programs in SSL, now
            compiles on OSF1.</p>
          <p>Minor makefile improvements in Runtime_Tools.</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-5346</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>Fixed a bug in the hybrid heap in distributed send
            operations.</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-5361</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>A BIF <c><![CDATA[erlang:raise/3]]></c> has been added. See the manual
            for details. It is intended for internal system programming
            only, advanced error handling.</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-5376 Aux Id: OTP-5257 </p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>Mikael Pettersson (HiPE) corrected a few bugs in the
            emulator that caused problems when compiled with the
            experimental gcc-4.0.0.</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-5386</p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>

    <section>
      <title>Improvements and New Features</title>
      <list type="bulleted">
        <item>
          <p>Minor update of the internal documentation of
            the <c><![CDATA[epmd]]></c> protocol.</p>
          <p>The listen port of <c><![CDATA[epmd]]></c> has now been registered at
            IANA:
            <url href="http://www.iana.org/assignments/port-numbers">http://www.iana.org/assignments/port-numbers</url>.</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-5234</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p><c><![CDATA[run_erl.c]]></c> now works on Mac OS X and FreeBSD.</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-5384</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>A few bugs were corrected in the HiPE application.</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-5385</p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>
  </section>

  <section>
    <title>ERTS 5.4.3</title>

    <section>
      <title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
      <list type="bulleted">
        <item>
          <p>Font and color preferences for <c><![CDATA[werl.exe]]></c> now can be
            saved even after the first time you run <c><![CDATA[werl.exe]]></c>.
            The window position and size is also saved. Patch from
            James Hague who did all the hard work.</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-5250</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>OTP archive libraries, e.g. the <c><![CDATA[erl_interface]]></c>
            library, on MacOSX could not be used without first
            rerunning <c><![CDATA[ranlib]]></c> on them. This bug has now been
            fixed.</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-5274</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>Bugs in <c><![CDATA[erlang:hash/2]]></c> and <c><![CDATA[erlang:phash/2]]></c> on
            64-bit platforms have been fixed.</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-5292</p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>

    <section>
      <title>Improvements and New Features</title>
      <list type="bulleted">
        <item>
          <p>Corrected a crash in the 64-bits emulator.</p>
          <p>Corrected a problem in the hybrid heap emulator.</p>
          <p>In the chapter about the abstract format in the ERTS User's
            Guide, updated the last section about how the abstract
            format is stored in BEAM files.</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-5262</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>The maximum number of concurrent threads in the internal
            ethread thread package has been limited to 2048.</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-5280</p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>
  </section>

  <section>
    <title>ERTS 5.4.2.1</title>

    <section>
      <title>Improvements and New Features</title>
      <list type="bulleted">
        <item>
          <p>If Erlang/OTP was installed in a short directory name,
            such as <c><![CDATA[C:\Program\erl5.4.2]]></c>, the emulator would not
            start.</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-5254</p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>
  </section>

  <section>
    <title>ERTS 5.4.2</title>

    <section>
      <title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
      <list type="bulleted">
        <item>
          <p>If one used <c><![CDATA[select/3]]></c> and <c><![CDATA[select/1]]></c> on a
            non-fixed ETS table and deleted objects simultaneously,
            the emulator could crash. Note that the result of such
            simultaneous operations on tables that are not in a fixed
            state is still undefined, but the emulator crash is,
            needless to say, fixed.</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-5209 Aux Id: seq9198 </p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>Arithmetic with big numbers could crash the emulator.</p>
          <p>The HiPE native code compiler and run-time code in the
            emulator has been updated. (Note: Native code is still
            not supported.)</p>
          <p>Eliminated a few bugs that could crash the hybrid emulator
            (which is not supported).</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-5233 Aux Id: seq9587 </p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>
  </section>

  <section>
    <title>ERTS 5.4.1</title>

    <section>
      <title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
      <list type="bulleted">
        <item>
          <p>The ethread library was unnecessarily rebuilt multiple
            times during the build process, also a debug version of
            the library was build during the install phase. These
            unnecessary builds have now been removed. Note, the
            content of the installed Erlang/OTP system is not
            effected at all by this change.</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-5203</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>The emulator could fail to clear the memory segment
            cache. This could potentially cause memory allocation to
            unnecessarily fail when memory usage was close to its
            maximum. This bug has now been fixed.</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-5211</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>std_alloc (std short for standard) was sometimes called
            def_alloc (def short for default). std_alloc is now
            everywhere referred to as std_alloc.</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-5216</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>A documentation bug has been corrected in
            the <c><![CDATA[erts_alloc(3)]]></c> documentation. It was stated that
            some of the memory allocators present were by default
            disabled. This is true for Erlang/OTP R9C, but is not true
            for Erlang/OTP R10B. In R10B all memory allocators present
            are enabled by default.</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-5217</p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>

    <section>
      <title>Improvements and New Features</title>
      <list type="bulleted">
        <item>
          <p>The emulator now close all open files and sockets
            immediately after receiving an USR1 signal. This causes
            the emulator to unregister at <c><![CDATA[epmd]]></c> as early as
            possible.</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-5221 Aux Id: OTP-4985, seq9514 </p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>Try/catch support in the emulator slightly updated.</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-5229</p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>
  </section>
</chapter>