path: root/erts/emulator/beam/io.c

/*
 * %CopyrightBegin%
 *
 * Copyright Ericsson AB 1996-2012. All Rights Reserved.
 *
 * The contents of this file are subject to the Erlang Public License,
 * Version 1.1, (the "License"); you may not use this file except in
 * compliance with the License. You should have received a copy of the
 * Erlang Public License along with this software. If not, it can be
 * retrieved online at http://www.erlang.org/.
 *
 * Software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS"
 * basis, WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See
 * the License for the specific language governing rights and limitations
 * under the License.
 *
 * %CopyrightEnd%
 */

/* 
 * I/O routines for manipulating ports.
 */

#define ERL_IO_C__

#ifdef HAVE_CONFIG_H
#  include "config.h"
#endif

#include "sys.h"

/* must be included BEFORE global.h (since it includes erl_driver.h) */
#include "erl_sys_driver.h"
#include "erl_nif.h"

#include "erl_vm.h"
#include "global.h"
#include "erl_process.h"
#include "dist.h"
#include "big.h"
#include "erl_binary.h"
#include "erl_bits.h"
#include "erl_version.h"
#include "error.h"
#include "erl_async.h"
#include "dtrace-wrapper.h"

extern ErlDrvEntry fd_driver_entry;
extern ErlDrvEntry vanilla_driver_entry;
extern ErlDrvEntry spawn_driver_entry;
extern ErlDrvEntry *driver_tab[]; /* table of static drivers, only used during initialization */

erts_driver_t *driver_list; /* List of all drivers, static and dynamic. */
erts_smp_mtx_t erts_driver_list_lock; /* Mutex for driver list */
static erts_smp_tsd_key_t driver_list_lock_status_key; /*stop recursive locks when calling 
							 driver init */
static erts_smp_tsd_key_t driver_list_last_error_key;  /* Save last DDLL error on a 
							  per thread basis (for BC interfaces) */

ErtsPTab erts_port erts_align_attribute(ERTS_CACHE_LINE_SIZE); /* The port table */
erts_smp_atomic_t erts_bytes_out;	/* No bytes sent out of the system */
erts_smp_atomic_t erts_bytes_in;	/* No bytes gotten into the system */

const ErlDrvTermData driver_term_nil = (ErlDrvTermData)NIL;

const Port erts_invalid_port = {{ERTS_INVALID_PORT}};

erts_driver_t vanilla_driver;
erts_driver_t spawn_driver;
erts_driver_t fd_driver;

static int init_driver(erts_driver_t *, ErlDrvEntry *, DE_Handle *);
static void terminate_port(Port *p);
static void pdl_init(void);
#ifdef ERTS_SMP
static void driver_monitor_lock_pdl(Port *p);
static void driver_monitor_unlock_pdl(Port *p);
#define DRV_MONITOR_LOCK_PDL(Port) driver_monitor_lock_pdl(Port)
#define DRV_MONITOR_UNLOCK_PDL(Port) driver_monitor_unlock_pdl(Port)
#else
#define DRV_MONITOR_LOCK_PDL(Port) /* nothing */
#define DRV_MONITOR_UNLOCK_PDL(Port) /* nothing */
#endif

#define ERL_SMALL_IO_BIN_LIMIT (4*ERL_ONHEAP_BIN_LIMIT)
#define SMALL_WRITE_VEC  16

static ERTS_INLINE ErlIOQueue*
drvport2ioq(ErlDrvPort drvport)
{
    Port *prt = erts_thr_drvport2port_raw(drvport);
    erts_aint32_t state = erts_atomic32_read_nob(&prt->state);
    if (state & ERTS_PORT_SFLGS_INVALID_DRIVER_LOOKUP)
	return NULL;
    else
	return &prt->ioq;
}

static ERTS_INLINE int
is_port_ioq_empty(Port *pp)
{
    int res;
    ERTS_SMP_LC_ASSERT(erts_lc_is_port_locked(pp));
    if (!pp->port_data_lock)
	res = (pp->ioq.size == 0);
    else {
	ErlDrvPDL pdl = pp->port_data_lock;
	erts_mtx_lock(&pdl->mtx);
	res = (pp->ioq.size == 0);
	erts_mtx_unlock(&pdl->mtx);
    }
    return res;
}

int
erts_is_port_ioq_empty(Port *pp)
{
    return is_port_ioq_empty(pp);
}

Uint
erts_port_ioq_size(Port *pp)
{
    int res;
    ERTS_SMP_LC_ASSERT(erts_lc_is_port_locked(pp));
    if (!pp->port_data_lock)
	res = pp->ioq.size;
    else {
	ErlDrvPDL pdl = pp->port_data_lock;
	erts_mtx_lock(&pdl->mtx);
	res = pp->ioq.size;
	erts_mtx_unlock(&pdl->mtx);
    }
    return (Uint) res;
}

/*
 * Line buffered I/O.
 */
typedef struct line_buf_context {
    LineBuf **b;
    char *buf;
    ErlDrvSizeT left;
    ErlDrvSizeT retlen;
} LineBufContext;

#define LINEBUF_EMPTY 0
#define LINEBUF_EOL 1
#define LINEBUF_NOEOL 2
#define LINEBUF_ERROR -1

#define LINEBUF_STATE(LBC) ((*(LBC).b)->data[0])

#define LINEBUF_DATA(LBC) (((*(LBC).b)->data) + 1)
#define LINEBUF_DATALEN(LBC) ((LBC).retlen)

#define LINEBUF_INITIAL 100

#ifdef USE_VM_PROBES
#define DTRACE_FORMAT_COMMON_PID_AND_PORT(PID, PORT)         \
    DTRACE_CHARBUF(process_str, DTRACE_TERM_BUF_SIZE);       \
    DTRACE_CHARBUF(port_str, DTRACE_TERM_BUF_SIZE);          \
                                                             \
    dtrace_pid_str((PID), process_str);                      \
    dtrace_port_str((PORT), port_str);
#define DTRACE_FORMAT_COMMON_PROC_AND_PORT(PID, PORT)        \
    DTRACE_CHARBUF(process_str, DTRACE_TERM_BUF_SIZE);       \
    DTRACE_CHARBUF(port_str, DTRACE_TERM_BUF_SIZE);          \
                                                             \
    dtrace_proc_str((PID), process_str);                     \
    dtrace_port_str((PORT), port_str);
#endif

static ERTS_INLINE void
kill_port(Port *pp)
{
    ERTS_SMP_LC_ASSERT(erts_lc_is_port_locked(pp));
    erts_ptab_delete_element(&erts_port, &pp->common); /* Time of death */
    erts_port_task_free_port(pp);
    /* In non-smp case the port structure may have been deallocated now */
}

#ifdef ERTS_SMP

#ifdef ERTS_ENABLE_LOCK_CHECK
int
erts_lc_is_port_locked(Port *prt)
{
    if (!prt)
	return 0;
    ERTS_SMP_LC_ASSERT(prt->lock);
    return erts_smp_lc_mtx_is_locked(prt->lock);
}
#endif

#endif /* #ifdef ERTS_SMP */

static void initq(Port* prt);

#if defined(ERTS_ENABLE_LOCK_CHECK) || defined(ERTS_ENABLE_LOCK_COUNT)
#define ERTS_PORT_INIT_INSTR_NEED_ID 1
#else
#define ERTS_PORT_INIT_INSTR_NEED_ID 0
#endif

static ERTS_INLINE void port_init_instr(Port *prt
#if ERTS_PORT_INIT_INSTR_NEED_ID
				   , Eterm id
#endif
    )
{
#if !ERTS_PORT_INIT_INSTR_NEED_ID
    Eterm id = NIL; /* Not used */
#endif

    /*
     * Stuff that need to be initialized with the port id
     * in the instrumented case, but not in the normal case.
     */
#ifdef ERTS_SMP
    ASSERT(prt->drv_ptr && prt->lock);
    if (!prt->drv_ptr->lock)
	erts_mtx_init_locked_x(prt->lock, "port_lock", id);
#endif
    erts_port_task_init_sched(&prt->sched, id);
}

#if !ERTS_PORT_INIT_INSTR_NEED_ID
static ERTS_INLINE void port_init_instr_abort(Port *prt)
{
#ifdef ERTS_SMP
    ASSERT(prt->drv_ptr && prt->lock);
    if (!prt->drv_ptr->lock) {
	erts_mtx_unlock(prt->lock);
	erts_mtx_destroy(prt->lock);
    }
#endif
    erts_port_task_fini_sched(&prt->sched);
}
#endif

static void insert_port_struct(void *vprt, Eterm data)
{
    Port *prt = (Port *) vprt;
    Eterm id = make_internal_port(data);
#if ERTS_PORT_INIT_INSTR_NEED_ID
    /*
     * This cannot be done earlier in the instrumented
     * case since we don't now 'id' until now.
     */
    port_init_instr(prt, id);
#endif
    prt->common.id = id;
    erts_atomic32_init_relb(&prt->state, ERTS_PORT_SFLG_INITIALIZING);
}

static Port *create_port(char *name,
			 erts_driver_t *driver,
			 erts_mtx_t *driver_lock,
			 Eterm pid,
			 int *enop)
{
    Port *prt;
    char *p;
    size_t port_size, size;
    erts_aint32_t state = ERTS_PORT_SFLG_CONNECTED;
#ifdef DEBUG
    /* Make sure the debug flags survives until port is freed */
    state |= ERTS_PORT_SFLG_PORT_DEBUG;
#endif

#ifdef ERTS_SMP
    if (!driver_lock) {
	/* Align size for mutex following port struct */
	port_size = size = ERTS_ALC_DATA_ALIGN_SIZE(sizeof(Port));
	size += sizeof(erts_mtx_t);
    }
    else
#endif
	port_size = size = sizeof(Port);

    size += sys_strlen(name) + 1;

    p = erts_alloc_fnf(ERTS_ALC_T_PORT, size);
    if (!p) {
	if (enop)
	    *enop = ENOMEM;
	return NULL;
    }

    prt = (Port *) p;
    p += port_size;

#ifdef ERTS_SMP
    if (driver_lock) {
	prt->lock = driver_lock;
	erts_mtx_lock(driver_lock);
    }
    else {
	prt->lock = (erts_mtx_t *) p;
	p += sizeof(erts_mtx_t);
	state |= ERTS_PORT_SFLG_PORT_SPECIFIC_LOCK;
    }
    erts_smp_atomic_set_nob(&prt->run_queue,
			    (erts_aint_t) erts_get_runq_current(NULL));
    prt->xports = NULL;
#else
    erts_atomic32_init_nob(&prt->refc, 1);
    prt->cleanup = 0;
#endif
    
    prt->name = p;
    sys_strcpy(p, name);
    prt->drv_ptr = driver;
    ERTS_P_LINKS(prt) = NULL;
    ERTS_P_MONITORS(prt) = NULL;
    prt->linebuf = NULL;
    prt->bp = NULL;
    prt->suspended = NULL;
    prt->data = am_undefined;
    prt->port_data_lock = NULL;
    prt->control_flags = 0;
    prt->bytes_in = 0;
    prt->bytes_out = 0;
    prt->dist_entry = NULL;
    prt->connected = pid;
    prt->common.u.alive.reg = NULL;
#ifdef ERTS_SMP
    prt->common.u.alive.ptimer = NULL;
#else
    sys_memset(&prt->common.u.alive.tm, 0, sizeof(ErlTimer));
#endif
    erts_port_task_handle_init(&prt->timeout_task);
    prt->psd = NULL;
    prt->drv_data = (SWord) 0;

    /* Set default tracing */
    erts_get_default_tracing(&ERTS_TRACE_FLAGS(prt), &ERTS_TRACER_PROC(prt));

    ASSERT(((char *) prt) == ((char *) &prt->common));

#if !ERTS_PORT_INIT_INSTR_NEED_ID
    /*
     * When 'id' isn't needed (the normal case), it is better to
     * do the initialization here avoiding unnecessary contention
     * on table...
     */
    port_init_instr(prt);
#endif

    if (!erts_ptab_new_element(&erts_port,
			       &prt->common,
			       (void *) prt,
			       insert_port_struct)) {

#if !ERTS_PORT_INIT_INSTR_NEED_ID
	port_init_instr_abort(prt);
#endif
#ifdef ERTS_SMP
	if (driver_lock)
	    erts_mtx_unlock(driver_lock);
#endif
	if (enop)
	    *enop = 0;
	return NULL;
    }

    ASSERT(prt == (Port *) (erts_ptab_pix2intptr_nob(
				&erts_port,
				internal_port_index(prt->common.id))));

    initq(prt);

    ERTS_SMP_LC_ASSERT(erts_lc_is_port_locked(prt));

    erts_atomic32_set_relb(&prt->state, state);
    return prt;
}

#ifndef ERTS_SMP
void
erts_port_cleanup(Port *prt)
{
    if (prt->drv_ptr && prt->drv_ptr->handle)
	erts_ddll_dereference_driver(prt->drv_ptr->handle);
    prt->drv_ptr = NULL;
    erts_port_dec_refc(prt);
}
#endif

void
erts_port_free(Port *prt)
{
#if defined(ERTS_SMP) || defined(ERTS_ENABLE_LOCK_CHECK)
    erts_aint32_t state = erts_atomic32_read_nob(&prt->state);
#endif
    ERTS_LC_ASSERT(state & (ERTS_PORT_SFLG_INITIALIZING
			    | ERTS_PORT_SFLG_FREE));
    ASSERT(state & ERTS_PORT_SFLG_PORT_DEBUG);

#ifdef ERTS_SMP
    ERTS_LC_ASSERT(erts_atomic32_read_nob(&prt->common.refc) == 0);
#else
    ERTS_LC_ASSERT(erts_atomic32_read_nob(&prt->refc) == 0);
#endif

    erts_port_task_fini_sched(&prt->sched);

#ifdef ERTS_SMP
    ASSERT(prt->lock);
    if (state & ERTS_PORT_SFLG_PORT_SPECIFIC_LOCK)
	erts_mtx_destroy(prt->lock);

    /*
     * We cannot dereference a driver using driver
     * locking until here in smp case. Otherwise,
     * the driver lock may still be in use by others.
     *
     * In the non-smp case we cannot do it here since
     * this function may be called by non-scheduler
     * threads. This is done in erts_port_cleanup()
     * in the non-smp case.
     */
    if (prt->drv_ptr->handle)
	erts_ddll_dereference_driver(prt->drv_ptr->handle);
#endif
    erts_free(ERTS_ALC_T_PORT, prt);
}

/*
** Initialize v_start to point to the small fixed vector.
** Once (reallocated) we never reset the pointer to the small vector
** This is a possible optimisation.
*/
static void initq(Port* prt)
{
    ErlIOQueue* q = &prt->ioq;

    ERTS_LC_ASSERT(!prt->port_data_lock);

    q->size = 0;
    q->v_head = q->v_tail = q->v_start = q->v_small;
    q->v_end = q->v_small + SMALL_IO_QUEUE;
    q->b_head = q->b_tail = q->b_start = q->b_small;
    q->b_end = q->b_small + SMALL_IO_QUEUE;
}

static void stopq(Port* prt)
{
    ErlIOQueue* q;
    ErlDrvBinary** binp;

    if (prt->port_data_lock)
	driver_pdl_lock(prt->port_data_lock);

    q = &prt->ioq;
    binp = q->b_head;

    if (q->v_start != q->v_small)
	erts_free(ERTS_ALC_T_IOQ, (void *) q->v_start);

    while(binp < q->b_tail) {
	if (*binp != NULL)
	    driver_free_binary(*binp);
	binp++;
    }
    if (q->b_start != q->b_small)
	erts_free(ERTS_ALC_T_IOQ, (void *) q->b_start);
    q->v_start = q->v_end = q->v_head = q->v_tail = NULL;
    q->b_start = q->b_end = q->b_head = q->b_tail = NULL;
    q->size = 0;

    if (prt->port_data_lock) {
	driver_pdl_unlock(prt->port_data_lock);
	driver_pdl_dec_refc(prt->port_data_lock);
    }
}

void
erts_wake_process_later(Port *prt, Process *process)
{
    ErtsProcList** p;
    ErtsProcList* new_p;

    ERTS_SMP_LC_ASSERT(erts_lc_is_port_locked(prt));

    if (erts_atomic32_read_nob(&prt->state) & ERTS_PORT_SFLGS_DEAD)
	return;

    for (p = &(prt->suspended); *p != NULL; p = &((*p)->next))
	/* Empty loop body */;

    new_p = erts_proclist_create(process);
    new_p->next = NULL;
    *p = new_p;
}

/*
   Opens a driver.
   Returns the non-negative port number, if successful.
   If there is an error, -1 or -2 or -3 is returned. -2 means that
   there is valid error information in *error_number_ptr.
   Returning -3 means that an error in the given options was detected
   (*error_number_ptr must contain either BADARG or SYSTEM_LIMIT).
   The driver start function must obey the same conventions.
*/
Port *
erts_open_driver(erts_driver_t* driver,	/* Pointer to driver. */
		 Eterm pid,		/* Current process. */
		 char* name,		/* Driver name. */
		 SysDriverOpts* opts,	/* Options. */
		 int *error_type_ptr,	/* error type */
		 int *error_number_ptr)	/* errno in case of error type -2 */
{

#undef ERTS_OPEN_DRIVER_RET
#define ERTS_OPEN_DRIVER_RET(Prt, EType, ENo)	\
    do {					\
	if (error_type_ptr)			\
	    *error_type_ptr = (EType);		\
	if (error_number_ptr)			\
	    *error_number_ptr = (ENo);		\
	return (Prt);				\
    } while (0)

    ErlDrvData drv_data = 0;
    Port *port;
    int fpe_was_unmasked;
    int error_type, error_number;
    int port_errno = 0;
    erts_mtx_t *driver_lock = NULL;

    ERTS_SMP_CHK_NO_PROC_LOCKS;

    erts_smp_mtx_lock(&erts_driver_list_lock);
    if (!driver) {
	for (driver = driver_list; driver; driver = driver->next) {
	    if (sys_strcmp(driver->name, name) == 0)
		break;
	}
	if (!driver) { 
	    erts_smp_mtx_unlock(&erts_driver_list_lock);
	    ERTS_OPEN_DRIVER_RET(NULL, -3, BADARG);
	}
    }
    if (driver == &spawn_driver) {
	char *p;
	erts_driver_t *d;

	/*
	 * Dig out the name of the driver or port program.
	 */

	if (!(opts->spawn_type & ERTS_SPAWN_EXECUTABLE)) {
	    /* No spawn driver default */
	    driver = NULL;
	}


	if (opts->spawn_type != ERTS_SPAWN_EXECUTABLE) {
	    p = name;
	    while(*p != '\0' && *p != ' ')
		p++;
	    if (*p == '\0')
		p = NULL;
	    else
		*p = '\0';

	    /*
	     * Search for a driver having this name.  Defaults to spawn_driver
	     * if not found.
	     */
	    
	    for (d = driver_list; d; d = d->next) {
		if (strcmp(d->name, name) == 0 && 
		    erts_ddll_driver_ok(d->handle)) {
		    driver = d;
		    break;
		}
	    }
	    if (p != NULL)
		*p = ' ';
	}
    }

    if (driver == NULL || (driver != &spawn_driver && opts->exit_status)) {
	erts_smp_mtx_unlock(&erts_driver_list_lock);
	ERTS_OPEN_DRIVER_RET(NULL, -3, BADARG);
    }

#ifdef ERTS_SMP
    driver_lock = driver->lock;
#endif

    if (driver->handle != NULL) {
	erts_ddll_increment_port_count(driver->handle);
	erts_ddll_reference_driver(driver->handle);
    }
    erts_smp_mtx_unlock(&erts_driver_list_lock);

    /*
     * We'll set up the port before calling the start function,
     * to allow message sending and setting timers in the start function.
     */

    port = create_port(name, driver, driver_lock, pid, &port_errno);
    if (!port) {
	if (driver->handle) {
	    erts_smp_mtx_lock(&erts_driver_list_lock);
	    erts_ddll_decrement_port_count(driver->handle);
	    erts_smp_mtx_unlock(&erts_driver_list_lock);
	    erts_ddll_dereference_driver(driver->handle);
	}
	if (port_errno)
	    ERTS_OPEN_DRIVER_RET(NULL, -2, port_errno);
	else
	    ERTS_OPEN_DRIVER_RET(NULL, -3, SYSTEM_LIMIT);
    }
    
    if (IS_TRACED_FL(port, F_TRACE_PORTS)) {
	trace_port_open(port,
		pid,		
		am_atom_put(port->name, strlen(port->name)));
    }

    error_number = error_type = 0;
    if (driver->start) {
	if (IS_TRACED_FL(port, F_TRACE_SCHED_PORTS)) {
	    trace_sched_ports_where(port, am_in, am_start);
	}
	port->caller = pid;
#ifdef USE_VM_PROBES
        if (DTRACE_ENABLED(driver_start)) {
            DTRACE_FORMAT_COMMON_PID_AND_PORT(pid, port)
            DTRACE3(driver_start, process_str, driver->name, port_str);
        }
#endif
	fpe_was_unmasked = erts_block_fpe();
	drv_data = (*driver->start)((ErlDrvPort) port, name, opts);
	if (((SWord) drv_data) == -1)
	    error_type = -1;
	else if (((SWord) drv_data) == -2) {
	    /*
	     * We need to save errno quickly after the
	     * call to the 'start' callback before
	     * something else modify it.
	     */
	    error_type = -2;
	    error_number = errno;
	}
	else if (((SWord) drv_data) == -3) {
	    error_type = -3;
	    error_number = BADARG;
	}

	erts_unblock_fpe(fpe_was_unmasked);
	port->caller = NIL;
	if (IS_TRACED_FL(port, F_TRACE_SCHED_PORTS)) {
	    trace_sched_ports_where(port, am_out, am_start);
	}
#ifdef ERTS_SMP
	if (port->xports)
	    erts_smp_xports_unlock(port);
	ASSERT(!port->xports);
#endif
    }

    if (error_type) {
	/*
	 * Must clean up the port.
	 */
#ifdef ERTS_SMP
	erts_cancel_smp_ptimer(port->common.u.alive.ptimer);
#else
	erts_cancel_timer(&(port->common.u.alive.tm));
#endif
	stopq(port);
	if (port->linebuf != NULL) {
	    erts_free(ERTS_ALC_T_LINEBUF,
		      (void *) port->linebuf);
	    port->linebuf = NULL;
	}
	if (driver->handle != NULL) {
	    erts_smp_mtx_lock(&erts_driver_list_lock);
	    erts_ddll_decrement_port_count(driver->handle);
	    erts_smp_mtx_unlock(&erts_driver_list_lock);
	}
	kill_port(port);
	erts_port_release(port);
	ERTS_OPEN_DRIVER_RET(NULL, error_type, error_number);
    }
    port->drv_data = (UWord) drv_data;
    ERTS_OPEN_DRIVER_RET(port, 0, 0);

#undef ERTS_OPEN_DRIVER_RET
}

#ifdef ERTS_SMP

struct ErtsXPortsList_ {
    ErtsXPortsList *next;
    Port *port;
};

ERTS_SCHED_PREF_QUICK_ALLOC_IMPL(xports_list, ErtsXPortsList, 50, ERTS_ALC_T_XPORTS_LIST)

#endif

/*
 * Driver function to create new instances of a driver
 * Historical reason: to be used with inet_drv for creating
 * accept sockets inorder to avoid a global table.
 */
ErlDrvPort
driver_create_port(ErlDrvPort creator_port_ix, /* Creating port */
		   ErlDrvTermData pid,    /* Owner/Caller */
		   char* name,            /* Driver name */
		   ErlDrvData drv_data)   /* Driver data */
{
    Port *creator_port;
    Port* port;
    erts_driver_t *driver;
    Process *rp;
    erts_mtx_t *driver_lock = NULL;

    ERTS_SMP_CHK_NO_PROC_LOCKS;

    /* Need to be called from a scheduler thread */
    if (!erts_get_scheduler_id())
	return ERTS_INVALID_ERL_DRV_PORT;

    creator_port = erts_drvport2port(creator_port_ix, NULL);
    if (!creator_port)
	return ERTS_INVALID_ERL_DRV_PORT;

    rp = erts_proc_lookup(pid);
    if (!rp)
	return ERTS_INVALID_ERL_DRV_PORT;

    ERTS_SMP_LC_ASSERT(erts_lc_is_port_locked(creator_port));

    driver = creator_port->drv_ptr;
    erts_smp_mtx_lock(&erts_driver_list_lock);
    if (!erts_ddll_driver_ok(driver->handle)) {
	erts_smp_mtx_unlock(&erts_driver_list_lock);
	return ERTS_INVALID_ERL_DRV_PORT;
    }

    if (driver->handle != NULL) {
	erts_ddll_increment_port_count(driver->handle);
	erts_ddll_reference_referenced_driver(driver->handle);
    }

#ifdef ERTS_SMP
    driver_lock = driver->lock;
#endif

    erts_smp_mtx_unlock(&erts_driver_list_lock);

    port = create_port(name, driver, driver_lock, pid, NULL);
    if (!port) {
	if (driver->handle) {
	    erts_smp_mtx_lock(&erts_driver_list_lock);
	    erts_ddll_decrement_port_count(driver->handle);
	    erts_smp_mtx_unlock(&erts_driver_list_lock);
	    erts_ddll_dereference_driver(driver->handle);
	}
	return ERTS_INVALID_ERL_DRV_PORT;
    }
    ERTS_SMP_LC_ASSERT(erts_lc_is_port_locked(port));

    erts_smp_proc_lock(rp, ERTS_PROC_LOCK_LINK);
    if (ERTS_PROC_IS_EXITING(rp)) {
	erts_smp_proc_unlock(rp, ERTS_PROC_LOCK_LINK);
	if (driver->handle) {
	    erts_smp_mtx_lock(&erts_driver_list_lock);
	    erts_ddll_decrement_port_count(driver->handle);
	    erts_smp_mtx_unlock(&erts_driver_list_lock);
	}
	kill_port(port);
	erts_port_release(port);
	return ERTS_INVALID_ERL_DRV_PORT;
    }

    erts_add_link(&ERTS_P_LINKS(port), LINK_PID, pid);
    erts_add_link(&ERTS_P_LINKS(rp), LINK_PID, port->common.id);
    erts_smp_proc_unlock(rp, ERTS_PROC_LOCK_LINK);

#ifdef ERTS_SMP
    if (!driver_lock) {
	ErtsXPortsList *xplp = xports_list_alloc();
	xplp->port = port;
	xplp->next = creator_port->xports;
	creator_port->xports = xplp;
    }
#endif

    port->drv_data = (UWord) drv_data;

    return (ErlDrvPort) port;
}

#ifdef ERTS_SMP
void
erts_smp_xports_unlock(Port *prt)
{
    ErtsXPortsList *xplp;

    ASSERT(prt);
    xplp = prt->xports;
    ASSERT(xplp);
    while (xplp) {
	ErtsXPortsList *free_xplp;
	if (xplp->port->xports)
	    erts_smp_xports_unlock(xplp->port);
	erts_port_release(xplp->port);
	free_xplp = xplp;
	xplp = xplp->next;
	xports_list_free(free_xplp);
    }
    prt->xports = NULL;
}
#endif

/* Fills a possibly deep list of chars and binaries into vec
** Small characters are first stored in the buffer buf of length ln
** binaries found are copied and linked into msoh
** Return  vector length on succsess,
**        -1 on overflow
**        -2 on type error
*/

#define SET_VEC(iov, bv, bin, ptr, len, vlen) do {	\
   (iov)->iov_base = (ptr);				\
   (iov)->iov_len = (len);				\
   if (sizeof((iov)->iov_len) < sizeof(len)				\
       /* Check if (len) overflowed (iov)->iov_len */			\
       && ((len) >> (sizeof((iov)->iov_len)*CHAR_BIT)) != 0) {		\
       goto L_overflow;							\
   }									\
   *(bv)++ = (bin);					\
   (iov)++;						\
   (vlen)++;						\
} while(0)

static int
io_list_to_vec(Eterm obj,	/* io-list */
	       SysIOVec* iov,	/* io vector */
	       ErlDrvBinary** binv, /* binary reference vector */
	       ErlDrvBinary* cbin, /* binary to store characters */
	       ErlDrvSizeT bin_limit)	/* small binaries limit */
{
    DECLARE_ESTACK(s);
    Eterm* objp;
    char *buf  = cbin->orig_bytes;
    ErlDrvSizeT len = cbin->orig_size;
    ErlDrvSizeT csize  = 0;
    int vlen   = 0;
    char* cptr = buf;

    goto L_jump_start;  /* avoid push */

    while (!ESTACK_ISEMPTY(s)) {
	obj = ESTACK_POP(s);
    L_jump_start:
	if (is_list(obj)) {
	L_iter_list:
	    objp = list_val(obj);
	    obj = CAR(objp);
	    if (is_byte(obj)) {
		if (len == 0)
		    goto L_overflow;
		*buf++ = unsigned_val(obj);
		csize++;
		len--;
	    } else if (is_binary(obj)) {
		ESTACK_PUSH(s, CDR(objp));
		goto handle_binary;
	    } else if (is_list(obj)) {
		ESTACK_PUSH(s, CDR(objp));
		goto L_iter_list;    /* on head */
	    } else if (!is_nil(obj)) {
		goto L_type_error;
	    }	    
	    obj = CDR(objp);
	    if (is_list(obj))
		goto L_iter_list; /* on tail */
	    else if (is_binary(obj)) {
		goto handle_binary;
	    } else if (!is_nil(obj)) {
		goto L_type_error;
	    }
	} else if (is_binary(obj)) {
	    Eterm real_bin;
	    Uint offset;
	    Eterm* bptr;
	    ErlDrvSizeT size;
	    int bitoffs;
	    int bitsize;

	handle_binary:
	    size = binary_size(obj);
	    ERTS_GET_REAL_BIN(obj, real_bin, offset, bitoffs, bitsize);
	    ASSERT(bitsize == 0);
	    bptr = binary_val(real_bin);
	    if (*bptr == HEADER_PROC_BIN) {
		ProcBin* pb = (ProcBin *) bptr;
		if (bitoffs != 0) {
		    if (len < size) {
			goto L_overflow;
		    }
		    erts_copy_bits(pb->bytes+offset, bitoffs, 1,
				   (byte *) buf, 0, 1, size*8);
		    csize += size;
		    buf += size;
		    len -= size;
		} else if (bin_limit && size < bin_limit) {
		    if (len < size) {
			goto L_overflow;
		    }
		    sys_memcpy(buf, pb->bytes+offset, size);
		    csize += size;
		    buf += size;
		    len -= size;
		} else {
		    if (csize != 0) {
			SET_VEC(iov, binv, cbin, cptr, csize, vlen);
			cptr = buf;
			csize = 0;
		    }
		    if (pb->flags) {
			erts_emasculate_writable_binary(pb);
		    }
		    SET_VEC(iov, binv, Binary2ErlDrvBinary(pb->val),
			    pb->bytes+offset, size, vlen);
		}
	    } else {
		ErlHeapBin* hb = (ErlHeapBin *) bptr;
		if (len < size) {
		    goto L_overflow;
		}
		copy_binary_to_buffer(buf, 0,
				      ((byte *) hb->data)+offset, bitoffs,
				      8*size);
		csize += size;
		buf += size;
		len -= size;
	    }
	} else if (!is_nil(obj)) {
	    goto L_type_error;
	}
    }

    if (csize != 0) {
	SET_VEC(iov, binv, cbin, cptr, csize, vlen);
    }

    DESTROY_ESTACK(s);
    return vlen;

 L_type_error:
    DESTROY_ESTACK(s);
    return -2;

 L_overflow:
    DESTROY_ESTACK(s);
    return -1;
}

#define IO_LIST_VEC_COUNT(obj)						\
do {									\
    ErlDrvSizeT _size = binary_size(obj);				\
    Eterm _real;							\
    ERTS_DECLARE_DUMMY(Uint _offset);					\
    int _bitoffs;							\
    int _bitsize;							\
    ERTS_GET_REAL_BIN(obj, _real, _offset, _bitoffs, _bitsize);		\
    if (_bitsize != 0) goto L_type_error;				\
    if (thing_subtag(*binary_val(_real)) == REFC_BINARY_SUBTAG &&	\
	_bitoffs == 0) {						\
	b_size += _size;						\
        if (b_size < _size) goto L_overflow_error;			\
	in_clist = 0;							\
	v_size++;							\
        if (_size >= ERL_SMALL_IO_BIN_LIMIT) {				\
            p_in_clist = 0;						\
            p_v_size++;							\
        } else {							\
            p_c_size += _size;						\
            if (!p_in_clist) {						\
                p_in_clist = 1;						\
                p_v_size++;						\
            }								\
        }								\
    } else {								\
	c_size += _size;						\
        if (c_size < _size) goto L_overflow_error;			\
	if (!in_clist) {						\
	    in_clist = 1;						\
	    v_size++;							\
	}								\
	p_c_size += _size;						\
	if (!p_in_clist) {						\
	    p_in_clist = 1;						\
	    p_v_size++;							\
	}								\
    }									\
} while (0)


/* 
 * Returns 0 if successful and a non-zero value otherwise.
 *
 * Return values through pointers:
 *    *vsize      - SysIOVec size needed for a writev
 *    *csize      - Number of bytes not in binary (in the common binary)
 *    *pvsize     - SysIOVec size needed if packing small binaries
 *    *pcsize     - Number of bytes in the common binary if packing
 *    *total_size - Total size of iolist in bytes
 */

static int 
io_list_vec_len(Eterm obj, Uint* vsize, Uint* csize,
		Uint* pvsize, Uint* pcsize, Uint* total_size)
{
    DECLARE_ESTACK(s);
    Eterm* objp;
    Uint v_size = 0;
    Uint c_size = 0;
    Uint b_size = 0;
    Uint in_clist = 0;
    Uint p_v_size = 0;
    Uint p_c_size = 0;
    Uint p_in_clist = 0;
    Uint total;

    goto L_jump_start;  /* avoid a push */

    while (!ESTACK_ISEMPTY(s)) {
	obj = ESTACK_POP(s);
    L_jump_start:
	if (is_list(obj)) {
	L_iter_list:
	    objp = list_val(obj);
	    obj = CAR(objp);

	    if (is_byte(obj)) {
		c_size++;
		if (c_size == 0) {
		    goto L_overflow_error;
		}
		if (!in_clist) {
		    in_clist = 1;
		    v_size++;
		}
		p_c_size++;
		if (!p_in_clist) {
		    p_in_clist = 1;
		    p_v_size++;
		}
	    }
	    else if (is_binary(obj)) {
		IO_LIST_VEC_COUNT(obj);
	    }
	    else if (is_list(obj)) {
		ESTACK_PUSH(s, CDR(objp));
		goto L_iter_list;   /* on head */
	    }
	    else if (!is_nil(obj)) {
		goto L_type_error;
	    }

	    obj = CDR(objp);
	    if (is_list(obj))
		goto L_iter_list;   /* on tail */
	    else if (is_binary(obj)) {  /* binary tail is OK */
		IO_LIST_VEC_COUNT(obj);
	    }
	    else if (!is_nil(obj)) {
		goto L_type_error;
	    }
	}
	else if (is_binary(obj)) {
	    IO_LIST_VEC_COUNT(obj);
	}
	else if (!is_nil(obj)) {
	    goto L_type_error;
	}
    }

    total = c_size + b_size;
    if (total < c_size) {
	goto L_overflow_error;
    }
    *total_size = total;

    DESTROY_ESTACK(s);
    *vsize = v_size;
    *csize = c_size;
    *pvsize = p_v_size;
    *pcsize = p_c_size;
    return 0;

 L_type_error:
 L_overflow_error:
    DESTROY_ESTACK(s);
    return 1;
}

/* write data to a port */
int erts_write_to_port(Eterm caller_id, Port *p, Eterm list)
{
    char *buf;
    erts_driver_t *drv = p->drv_ptr;
    Uint size;
    int fpe_was_unmasked;
    
    ERTS_SMP_LC_ASSERT(erts_lc_is_port_locked(p));
    ERTS_SMP_CHK_NO_PROC_LOCKS;

    p->caller = caller_id;
    if (drv->outputv != NULL) {
	Uint vsize;
	Uint csize;
	Uint pvsize;
	Uint pcsize;
	ErlDrvSizeT blimit;
	SysIOVec iv[SMALL_WRITE_VEC];
	ErlDrvBinary* bv[SMALL_WRITE_VEC];
	SysIOVec* ivp;
	ErlDrvBinary**  bvp;
	ErlDrvBinary* cbin;
	ErlIOVec ev;

	if (io_list_vec_len(list, &vsize, &csize,
			    &pvsize, &pcsize, &size)) {
	    goto bad_value;
	}
	/* To pack or not to pack (small binaries) ...? */
	vsize++;
	if (vsize <= SMALL_WRITE_VEC) {
	    /* Do NOT pack */
	    blimit = 0;
	} else {
	    /* Do pack */
	    vsize = pvsize + 1;
	    csize = pcsize;
	    blimit = ERL_SMALL_IO_BIN_LIMIT;
	}
	/* Use vsize and csize from now on */
	if (vsize <= SMALL_WRITE_VEC) {
	    ivp = iv;
	    bvp = bv;
	} else {
	    ivp = (SysIOVec *) erts_alloc(ERTS_ALC_T_TMP,
					  vsize * sizeof(SysIOVec));
	    bvp = (ErlDrvBinary**) erts_alloc(ERTS_ALC_T_TMP,
					      vsize * sizeof(ErlDrvBinary*));
	}
	cbin = driver_alloc_binary(csize);
	if (!cbin)
	    erts_alloc_enomem(ERTS_ALC_T_DRV_BINARY, ERTS_SIZEOF_Binary(csize));

	/* Element 0 is for driver usage to add header block */
	ivp[0].iov_base = NULL;
	ivp[0].iov_len = 0;
	bvp[0] = NULL;
	ev.vsize = io_list_to_vec(list, ivp+1, bvp+1, cbin, blimit);
	if (ev.vsize < 0) {
	    if (ivp != iv) {
		erts_free(ERTS_ALC_T_TMP, (void *) ivp);
	    }
	    if (bvp != bv) {
		erts_free(ERTS_ALC_T_TMP, (void *) bvp);
	    }
	    driver_free_binary(cbin);
	    goto bad_value;
	}
	ev.vsize++;
#if 0
	/* This assertion may say something useful, but it can
	   be falsified during the emulator test suites. */
	ASSERT(ev.vsize == vsize);
#endif
	ev.size = size;  /* total size */
	ev.iov = ivp;
	ev.binv = bvp;
#ifdef USE_VM_PROBES
        if (DTRACE_ENABLED(driver_outputv)) {
            DTRACE_FORMAT_COMMON_PID_AND_PORT(caller_id, p)
            DTRACE4(driver_outputv, process_str, port_str, p->name, size);
        }
#endif
	fpe_was_unmasked = erts_block_fpe();
	(*drv->outputv)((ErlDrvData)p->drv_data, &ev);
	erts_unblock_fpe(fpe_was_unmasked);
	if (ivp != iv) {
	    erts_free(ERTS_ALC_T_TMP, (void *) ivp);
	}
	if (bvp != bv) {
	    erts_free(ERTS_ALC_T_TMP, (void *) bvp);
	}
	driver_free_binary(cbin);
    } else {
	int r;
	
	/* Try with an 8KB buffer first (will often be enough I guess). */
	size = 8*1024;
	/* See below why the extra byte is added. */
	buf = erts_alloc(ERTS_ALC_T_TMP, size+1);
	r = io_list_to_buf(list, buf, size);

#ifdef USE_VM_PROBES
	if(DTRACE_ENABLED(port_command)) {
            DTRACE_FORMAT_COMMON_PID_AND_PORT(caller_id, p)
	    DTRACE4(port_command, process_str, port_str, p->name, "command");
	}
#endif

	if (r >= 0) {
	    size -= r;
#ifdef USE_VM_PROBES
            if (DTRACE_ENABLED(driver_output)) {
                DTRACE_FORMAT_COMMON_PID_AND_PORT(caller_id, p)
                DTRACE4(driver_output, process_str, port_str, p->name, size);
            }
#endif
	    fpe_was_unmasked = erts_block_fpe();
	    (*drv->output)((ErlDrvData)p->drv_data, buf, size);
	    erts_unblock_fpe(fpe_was_unmasked);
	    erts_free(ERTS_ALC_T_TMP, buf);
	}
	else if (r == -2) {
	    erts_free(ERTS_ALC_T_TMP, buf);
	    goto bad_value;
	}
	else {
	    ASSERT(r == -1); /* Overflow */
	    erts_free(ERTS_ALC_T_TMP, buf);
	    if (erts_iolist_size(list, &size)) {
		goto bad_value;
	    }

	    /*
	     * I know drivers that pad space with '\0' this is clearly
	     * incorrect but I don't feel like fixing them now, insted
	     * add ONE extra byte.
	     */
	    buf = erts_alloc(ERTS_ALC_T_TMP, size+1); 
	    r = io_list_to_buf(list, buf, size);
#ifdef USE_VM_PROBES
            if (DTRACE_ENABLED(driver_output)) {
                DTRACE_FORMAT_COMMON_PID_AND_PORT(caller_id, p)
                DTRACE4(driver_output, process_str, port_str, p->name, size);
            }
#endif
	    fpe_was_unmasked = erts_block_fpe();
	    (*drv->output)((ErlDrvData)p->drv_data, buf, size);
	    erts_unblock_fpe(fpe_was_unmasked);
	    erts_free(ERTS_ALC_T_TMP, buf);
	}
    }
    p->bytes_out += size;
    erts_smp_atomic_add_nob(&erts_bytes_out, size);

#ifdef ERTS_SMP
    if (p->xports)
	erts_smp_xports_unlock(p);
    ASSERT(!p->xports);
#endif
    p->caller = NIL;
    return 0;

 bad_value: 
    p->caller = NIL;
    {
	erts_dsprintf_buf_t *dsbufp = erts_create_logger_dsbuf();
	erts_dsprintf(dsbufp, "Bad value on output port '%s'\n", p->name);
	erts_send_error_to_logger_nogl(dsbufp);
	return 1;
    }
}

void erts_init_io(int port_tab_size,
		  int port_tab_size_ignore_files)
{
    ErlDrvEntry** dp;

#ifdef ERTS_SMP
    init_xports_list_alloc();
#endif

    pdl_init();

    if (!port_tab_size_ignore_files) {
	int max_files = sys_max_files();
	if (port_tab_size < max_files)
	    port_tab_size = max_files;
    }

    if (port_tab_size > ERTS_MAX_PORTS)
	port_tab_size = ERTS_MAX_PORTS;
    else if (port_tab_size < ERTS_MIN_PORTS)
	port_tab_size = ERTS_MIN_PORTS;

    erts_smp_mtx_init(&erts_driver_list_lock,"driver_list");
    driver_list = NULL;
    erts_smp_tsd_key_create(&driver_list_lock_status_key);
    erts_smp_tsd_key_create(&driver_list_last_error_key);

    erts_ptab_init_table(&erts_port,
			 ERTS_ALC_T_PORT_TABLE,
			 NULL,
			 (ErtsPTabElementCommon *) &erts_invalid_port.common,
			 port_tab_size,
			 "port_table");

    erts_smp_atomic_init_nob(&erts_bytes_out, 0);
    erts_smp_atomic_init_nob(&erts_bytes_in, 0);

    sys_init_io();

    erts_smp_tsd_set(driver_list_lock_status_key, (void *) 1);
    erts_smp_mtx_lock(&erts_driver_list_lock);

    init_driver(&fd_driver, &fd_driver_entry, NULL);
    init_driver(&vanilla_driver, &vanilla_driver_entry, NULL);
    init_driver(&spawn_driver, &spawn_driver_entry, NULL);
    for (dp = driver_tab; *dp != NULL; dp++)
	erts_add_driver_entry(*dp, NULL, 1);

    erts_smp_tsd_set(driver_list_lock_status_key, NULL);
    erts_smp_mtx_unlock(&erts_driver_list_lock);
}

/*
 * Buffering of data when using line oriented I/O on ports
 */

/* 
 * Buffer states 
 */
#define LINEBUF_MAIN 0
#define LINEBUF_FULL 1
#define LINEBUF_CR_INSIDE 2
#define LINEBUF_CR_AFTER 3

/*
 * Creates a LineBuf to be added to the port structure,
 * Returns: Pointer to a newly allocated and initialized LineBuf.
 * Parameters:
 * bufsiz - The (maximum) size of the line buffer.
 */
LineBuf *allocate_linebuf(bufsiz)
int bufsiz;
{
    int ovsiz = (bufsiz < LINEBUF_INITIAL) ? bufsiz : LINEBUF_INITIAL;
    LineBuf *lb = (LineBuf *) erts_alloc(ERTS_ALC_T_LINEBUF,
					 sizeof(LineBuf)+ovsiz);
    lb->ovsiz = ovsiz;
    lb->bufsiz = bufsiz;
    lb->ovlen = 0;
    lb->data[0] = LINEBUF_MAIN; /* state */
    return lb;
}

/*
 * Initializes a LineBufContext to be used in calls to read_linebuf
 * or flush_linebuf.
 * Returns: 0 if ok, <0 on error.
 * Parameters:
 * lc - Pointer to an allocated LineBufContext.
 * lb - Pointer to a LineBuf structure (probably from the Port structure).
 * buf - A buffer containing the data to be read and split to lines.
 * len - The number of bytes in buf.
 */
static int init_linebuf_context(LineBufContext *lc, LineBuf **lb,
				char *buf, ErlDrvSizeT len)
{
    if(lc == NULL || lb == NULL)
	return -1;
    lc->b = lb;
    lc->buf = buf;
    lc->left = len;
    return 0;
}

static void resize_linebuf(LineBuf **b)
{
    int newsiz = (((*b)->ovsiz * 2) > (*b)->bufsiz) ? (*b)->bufsiz : 
	(*b)->ovsiz * 2;
    *b = (LineBuf *) erts_realloc(ERTS_ALC_T_LINEBUF,
				  (void *) *b,
				  sizeof(LineBuf)+newsiz);
    (*b)->ovsiz = newsiz;
}

/*
 * Delivers all data in the buffer regardless of newlines (always
 * an LINEBUF_NOEOL. Has to be called until it return LINEBUF_EMPTY.
 * Return values and barameters as read_linebuf (see below).
 */
static int flush_linebuf(LineBufContext *bp)
{
    bp->retlen = (*bp->b)->ovlen;
    switch(LINEBUF_STATE(*bp)){
    case LINEBUF_CR_INSIDE:
	if((*bp->b)->ovlen >= (*bp->b)->ovsiz)
	    resize_linebuf(bp->b);
	LINEBUF_DATA(*bp)[((*bp->b)->ovlen)++] = '\r';
	++bp->retlen; /* fall through instead of switching state... */
    case LINEBUF_MAIN:
    case LINEBUF_FULL:
	(*bp->b)->ovlen = 0;
	LINEBUF_STATE(*bp) = LINEBUF_MAIN;
	if(!bp->retlen)
	    return LINEBUF_EMPTY;
	return LINEBUF_NOEOL;
    case LINEBUF_CR_AFTER:
	LINEBUF_STATE(*bp) = LINEBUF_CR_INSIDE;
	(*bp->b)->ovlen = 0;
	if(!bp->retlen)
	    return LINEBUF_EMPTY;
	return LINEBUF_NOEOL;
    default:
	return LINEBUF_ERROR;
    }    
}

/*
 * Reads input from a buffer and "chops" it up in lines.
 * Has to be called repeatedly until it returns LINEBUF_EMPTY
 * to get all lines in buffer.
 * Handles both <LF> and <CR><LF> style newlines.
 * On Unix, this is slightly incorrect, as <CR><LF> is NOT to be regarded
 * as a newline together, but i treat newlines equally in all systems
 * to avoid putting this in sys.c or clutter it with #ifdef's.
 * Returns: LINEBUF_EMPTY if there is no more data that can be
 *   determined as a line (only part of a line left), LINEBUF_EOL if a whole
 *   line could be delivered and LINEBUF_NOEOL if the buffer size has been
 *   exceeded. The data and the data length can be accesed through the 
 *   LINEBUF_DATA and the LINEBUF_DATALEN macros applied to the LineBufContext.
 * Parameters: 
 * bp - A LineBufContext that is initialized with 
 *   the init_linebuf_context call. The context has to be retained during
 *   all calls that returns other than LINEBUF_EMPTY. When LINEBUF_EMPTY
 *   is returned the context can be discarded and a new can be created when new
 *   data arrives (the state is saved in the Port structure).
 */
static int read_linebuf(LineBufContext *bp)
{
    for(;;){
	if(bp->left == 0)
	    return LINEBUF_EMPTY;
	if(*bp->buf == '\n'){
	    LINEBUF_STATE(*bp) = LINEBUF_MAIN;
	    ++(bp->buf);
	    --(bp->left);
	    bp->retlen = (*bp->b)->ovlen;
	    (*bp->b)->ovlen = 0;
	    return LINEBUF_EOL;
	}
	switch(LINEBUF_STATE(*bp)){
	case LINEBUF_MAIN:
	    if((*bp->b)->ovlen == (*bp->b)->bufsiz)
		LINEBUF_STATE(*bp) = LINEBUF_FULL;
	    else if(*bp->buf == '\r'){
		++(bp->buf);
		--(bp->left);
		LINEBUF_STATE(*bp) = LINEBUF_CR_INSIDE;
	    } else {
		if((*bp->b)->ovlen >= (*bp->b)->ovsiz)
		    resize_linebuf(bp->b);
		LINEBUF_DATA(*bp)[((*bp->b)->ovlen)++] = *((bp->buf)++);
		--(bp->left);
	    }
	    continue;
	case LINEBUF_FULL:
	    if(*bp->buf == '\r'){
		++(bp->buf);
		--(bp->left);
		LINEBUF_STATE(*bp) = LINEBUF_CR_AFTER;
	    } else {
		bp->retlen = (*bp->b)->ovlen;
		(*bp->b)->ovlen = 0;
		LINEBUF_STATE(*bp) = LINEBUF_MAIN;
		return LINEBUF_NOEOL;
	    }
	    continue;
	case LINEBUF_CR_INSIDE:
	    if((*bp->b)->ovlen >= (*bp->b)->ovsiz)
		resize_linebuf(bp->b);
	    LINEBUF_DATA(*bp)[((*bp->b)->ovlen)++] = '\r';
	    LINEBUF_STATE(*bp) = LINEBUF_MAIN;
	    continue;
	case LINEBUF_CR_AFTER:
	    bp->retlen = (*bp->b)->ovlen;
	    (*bp->b)->ovlen = 0;
	    LINEBUF_STATE(*bp) = LINEBUF_CR_INSIDE;
	    return LINEBUF_NOEOL;
	default:
	    return LINEBUF_ERROR;
	}
    }
}

static void
deliver_result(Eterm sender, Eterm pid, Eterm res)
{
    Process *rp;
    ErtsProcLocks rp_locks = 0;
    int scheduler = erts_get_scheduler_id() != 0;

    ERTS_SMP_CHK_NO_PROC_LOCKS;

    ASSERT(is_internal_port(sender) && is_internal_pid(pid));

    rp = (scheduler
	  ? erts_proc_lookup(pid)
	  : erts_pid2proc_opt(NULL, 0, pid, 0, ERTS_P2P_FLG_SMP_INC_REFC));

    if (rp) {
	Eterm tuple;
	ErlHeapFragment *bp;
	ErlOffHeap *ohp;
	Eterm* hp;
	Uint sz_res;
	    sz_res = size_object(res);
	    hp = erts_alloc_message_heap(sz_res + 3, &bp, &ohp, rp, &rp_locks);
	    res = copy_struct(res, sz_res, &hp, ohp);
	    tuple = TUPLE2(hp, sender, res);
	erts_queue_message(rp, &rp_locks, bp, tuple, NIL
#ifdef USE_VM_PROBES
			   , NIL
#endif
			   );
	erts_smp_proc_unlock(rp, rp_locks);
	if (!scheduler)
	    erts_smp_proc_dec_refc(rp);

    }
}


/* 
 * Deliver a "read" message.
 * hbuf -- byte that are always formated as a list
 * hlen -- number of byte in header
 * buf  -- data 
 * len  -- length of data
 */

static void deliver_read_message(Port* prt, erts_aint32_t state, Eterm to,
				 char *hbuf, ErlDrvSizeT hlen,
				 char *buf, ErlDrvSizeT len, int eol)
{
    ErlDrvSizeT need;
    Eterm listp;
    Eterm tuple;
    Process* rp;
    Eterm* hp;
    ErlHeapFragment *bp;
    ErlOffHeap *ohp;
    ErtsProcLocks rp_locks = 0;
    int scheduler = erts_get_scheduler_id() != 0;

    ERTS_SMP_LC_ASSERT(erts_lc_is_port_locked(prt));    
    ERTS_SMP_CHK_NO_PROC_LOCKS;

    need = 3 + 3 + 2*hlen;

    if (state & ERTS_PORT_SFLG_LINEBUF_IO) {
	need += 3;
    }
    if ((state & ERTS_PORT_SFLG_BINARY_IO) && buf != NULL) {
	need += PROC_BIN_SIZE;
    } else {
	need += 2*len;
    }

    rp = (scheduler
	  ? erts_proc_lookup(to)
	  : erts_pid2proc_opt(NULL, 0, to, 0, ERTS_P2P_FLG_SMP_INC_REFC));

    if (!rp)
	return;

    hp = erts_alloc_message_heap(need, &bp, &ohp, rp, &rp_locks);

    listp = NIL;
    if ((state & ERTS_PORT_SFLG_BINARY_IO) == 0) {
	listp = buf_to_intlist(&hp, buf, len, listp);
    } else if (buf != NULL) {
	ProcBin* pb;
	Binary* bptr;

	bptr = erts_bin_nrml_alloc(len);
	bptr->flags = 0;
	bptr->orig_size = len;
	erts_refc_init(&bptr->refc, 1);
	sys_memcpy(bptr->orig_bytes, buf, len);

	pb = (ProcBin *) hp;
	pb->thing_word = HEADER_PROC_BIN;
	pb->size = len;
	pb->next = ohp->first;
	ohp->first = (struct erl_off_heap_header*)pb;
	pb->val = bptr;
	pb->bytes = (byte*) bptr->orig_bytes;
	pb->flags = 0;
	hp += PROC_BIN_SIZE;

	OH_OVERHEAD(ohp, pb->size / sizeof(Eterm));
	listp = make_binary(pb);
    }

    /* Prepend the header */
    if (hlen > 0) {
	listp = buf_to_intlist(&hp, hbuf, hlen, listp);
    }

    if (state & ERTS_PORT_SFLG_LINEBUF_IO){
	listp = TUPLE2(hp, (eol) ? am_eol : am_noeol, listp); 
	hp += 3;
    }
    tuple = TUPLE2(hp, am_data, listp);
    hp += 3;

    tuple = TUPLE2(hp, prt->common.id, tuple);
    hp += 3;

    erts_queue_message(rp, &rp_locks, bp, tuple, am_undefined
#ifdef USE_VM_PROBES
			   , NIL
#endif
		       );
    if (rp_locks)
	erts_smp_proc_unlock(rp, rp_locks);
    if (!scheduler)
	erts_smp_proc_dec_refc(rp);
}

/* 
 * Deliver all lines in a line buffer, repeats calls to
 * deliver_read_message, and takes the same parameters.
 */
static void deliver_linebuf_message(Port* prt, erts_aint_t state,
				    Eterm to, 
				    char* hbuf, ErlDrvSizeT hlen,
				    char *buf, ErlDrvSizeT len)
{
    LineBufContext lc;
    int ret;
    if(init_linebuf_context(&lc,&(prt->linebuf), buf, len) < 0)
	return;
    while((ret = read_linebuf(&lc)) > LINEBUF_EMPTY)
	deliver_read_message(prt, state, to, hbuf, hlen, LINEBUF_DATA(lc), 
			     LINEBUF_DATALEN(lc), (ret == LINEBUF_EOL));
}

/*
 * Deliver any nonterminated lines in the line buffer before the
 * port gets closed.
 * Has to be called before terminate_port.
 * Parameters:
 * prt -  Pointer to a Port structure for this port.
 */
static void flush_linebuf_messages(Port *prt, erts_aint32_t state)
{
    LineBufContext lc;
    int ret;

    ERTS_SMP_LC_ASSERT(!prt || erts_lc_is_port_locked(prt));

    if (!prt)
	return;

    if (!(state & ERTS_PORT_SFLG_LINEBUF_IO))
	return;

    if(init_linebuf_context(&lc,&(prt->linebuf), NULL, 0) < 0)
	return;
    while((ret = flush_linebuf(&lc)) > LINEBUF_EMPTY)
	deliver_read_message(prt,
			     state,
			     prt->connected,
			     NULL,
			     0,
			     LINEBUF_DATA(lc), 
			     LINEBUF_DATALEN(lc),
			     (ret == LINEBUF_EOL));
}    

static void
deliver_vec_message(Port* prt,			/* Port */
		    Eterm to,			/* Receiving pid */
		    char* hbuf,			/* "Header" buffer... */
		    ErlDrvSizeT hlen,		/* ... and its length */
		    ErlDrvBinary** binv,	/* Vector of binaries */
		    SysIOVec* iov,		/* I/O vector */
		    int vsize,			/* Size of binv & iov */
		    ErlDrvSizeT csize)		/* Size of characters in
						   iov (not hlen) */
{
    ErlDrvSizeT need;
    Eterm listp;
    Eterm tuple;
    Process* rp;
    Eterm* hp;
    ErlHeapFragment *bp;
    ErlOffHeap *ohp;
    ErtsProcLocks rp_locks = 0;
    int scheduler = erts_get_scheduler_id() != 0;
    erts_aint32_t state;

    ERTS_SMP_LC_ASSERT(erts_lc_is_port_locked(prt));
    ERTS_SMP_CHK_NO_PROC_LOCKS;

    /*
     * Check arguments for validity.
     */


    rp = (scheduler
	  ? erts_proc_lookup(to)
	  : erts_pid2proc_opt(NULL, 0, to, 0, ERTS_P2P_FLG_SMP_INC_REFC));
    if (!rp)
	return;

    state = erts_atomic32_read_nob(&prt->state);
    /*
     * Calculate the exact number of heap words needed.
     */

    need = 3 + 3;		/* Heap space for two tuples */
    if (state & ERTS_PORT_SFLG_BINARY_IO) {
	need += (2+PROC_BIN_SIZE)*vsize - 2 + hlen*2;
    } else {
	need += (hlen+csize)*2;
    }

    hp = erts_alloc_message_heap(need, &bp, &ohp, rp, &rp_locks);

    listp = NIL;
    iov += vsize;

    if ((state & ERTS_PORT_SFLG_BINARY_IO) == 0) {
	Eterm* thp = hp;
	while (vsize--) {
	    iov--;
	    listp = buf_to_intlist(&thp, iov->iov_base, iov->iov_len, listp);
	}
	hp = thp;
    } else {
	binv += vsize;
	while (vsize--) {
	    ErlDrvBinary* b;
	    ProcBin* pb = (ProcBin*) hp;
	    byte* base;

	    iov--;
	    binv--;
	    if ((b = *binv) == NULL) {
		b = driver_alloc_binary(iov->iov_len);
		sys_memcpy(b->orig_bytes, iov->iov_base, iov->iov_len);
		base = (byte*) b->orig_bytes;
	    } else {
		/* Must increment reference count, caller calls free */
		driver_binary_inc_refc(b);
		base = iov->iov_base;
	    }
	    pb->thing_word = HEADER_PROC_BIN;
	    pb->size = iov->iov_len;
	    pb->next = ohp->first;
	    ohp->first = (struct erl_off_heap_header*)pb;
	    pb->val = ErlDrvBinary2Binary(b);
	    pb->bytes = base;
	    pb->flags = 0;
	    hp += PROC_BIN_SIZE;
	    
	    OH_OVERHEAD(ohp, iov->iov_len / sizeof(Eterm));

	    if (listp == NIL) {  /* compatible with deliver_bin_message */
		listp = make_binary(pb);
	    } else {
		listp = CONS(hp, make_binary(pb), listp);
		hp += 2;
	    }
	}
    }

    if (hlen != 0) {		/* Prepend the header */
	Eterm* thp = hp;
	listp = buf_to_intlist(&thp, hbuf, hlen, listp);
	hp = thp;
    }

    tuple = TUPLE2(hp, am_data, listp);
    hp += 3;
    tuple = TUPLE2(hp, prt->common.id, tuple);
    hp += 3;

    erts_queue_message(rp, &rp_locks, bp, tuple, am_undefined
#ifdef USE_VM_PROBES
		       , NIL
#endif
		       );
    erts_smp_proc_unlock(rp, rp_locks);
    if (!scheduler)
	erts_smp_proc_dec_refc(rp);
}


static void deliver_bin_message(Port*  prt,         /* port */
				Eterm to,           /* receiving pid */
				char* hbuf,         /* "header" buffer */
				ErlDrvSizeT hlen,   /* and it's length */
				ErlDrvBinary* bin,  /* binary data */
				ErlDrvSizeT offs,   /* offset into binary */
				ErlDrvSizeT len)    /* length of binary */
{
    SysIOVec vec;

    vec.iov_base = bin->orig_bytes+offs;
    vec.iov_len = len;
    deliver_vec_message(prt, to, hbuf, hlen, &bin, &vec, 1, len);
}

/* flush the port I/O queue and terminate if empty */
/* 
 * Note. 
 *
 * The test for ERTS_PORT_SFLGS_DEAD is important since the
 * driver's  flush function might call driver_async, which when using no
 * threads and being short circuited will notice that the io queue is empty
 * (after calling the driver's async_ready) and recursively call 
 * terminate_port. So when we get back here, the port is already terminated.
 */
static void flush_port(Port *p)
{
    int fpe_was_unmasked;

    ERTS_SMP_CHK_NO_PROC_LOCKS;
    ERTS_SMP_LC_ASSERT(erts_lc_is_port_locked(p));

    if (p->drv_ptr->flush != NULL) {
#ifdef USE_VM_PROBES
        if (DTRACE_ENABLED(driver_flush)) {
            DTRACE_FORMAT_COMMON_PID_AND_PORT(p->connected, p)
            DTRACE3(driver_flush, process_str, port_str, p->name);
        }
#endif
        if (IS_TRACED_FL(p, F_TRACE_SCHED_PORTS)) {
	    trace_sched_ports_where(p, am_in, am_flush);
	}
	fpe_was_unmasked = erts_block_fpe();
	(*p->drv_ptr->flush)((ErlDrvData)p->drv_data);
	erts_unblock_fpe(fpe_was_unmasked);
        if (IS_TRACED_FL(p, F_TRACE_SCHED_PORTS)) {
	    trace_sched_ports_where(p, am_out, am_flush);
	}
#ifdef ERTS_SMP
	if (p->xports)
	    erts_smp_xports_unlock(p);
	ASSERT(!p->xports);
#endif
    }
    if ((erts_atomic32_read_nob(&p->state) & ERTS_PORT_SFLGS_DEAD) == 0
	&& is_port_ioq_empty(p)) {
	terminate_port(p);
    }
}

/* stop and delete a port that is ERTS_PORT_SFLG_CLOSING */
static void
terminate_port(Port *prt)
{
    Eterm send_closed_port_id;
    Eterm connected_id = NIL /* Initialize to silence compiler */;
    erts_driver_t *drv;
    erts_aint32_t state;

    ERTS_SMP_CHK_NO_PROC_LOCKS;
    ERTS_SMP_LC_ASSERT(erts_lc_is_port_locked(prt));

    ASSERT(!ERTS_P_LINKS(prt));
    ASSERT(!ERTS_P_MONITORS(prt));

    /* state may be altered by kill_port() below */
    state = erts_atomic32_read_band_nob(&prt->state,
					~ERTS_PORT_SFLG_SEND_CLOSED);
    if (state & ERTS_PORT_SFLG_SEND_CLOSED) {
	send_closed_port_id = prt->common.id;
	connected_id = prt->connected;
    }
    else {
	send_closed_port_id = NIL;
    }

#ifdef ERTS_SMP
    erts_cancel_smp_ptimer(prt->common.u.alive.ptimer);
#else
    erts_cancel_timer(&prt->common.u.alive.tm);
#endif

    drv = prt->drv_ptr;
    if ((drv != NULL) && (drv->stop != NULL)) {
	int fpe_was_unmasked = erts_block_fpe();
#ifdef USE_VM_PROBES
        if (DTRACE_ENABLED(driver_stop)) {
            DTRACE_FORMAT_COMMON_PID_AND_PORT(prt->connected, prt)
            DTRACE3(driver_stop, process_str, drv->name, port_str);
        }
#endif
	(*drv->stop)((ErlDrvData)prt->drv_data);
	erts_unblock_fpe(fpe_was_unmasked);
#ifdef ERTS_SMP
	if (prt->xports)
	    erts_smp_xports_unlock(prt);
	ASSERT(!prt->xports);
#endif
    }
    if(drv->handle != NULL) {
	erts_smp_mtx_lock(&erts_driver_list_lock);
	erts_ddll_decrement_port_count(drv->handle); 
	erts_smp_mtx_unlock(&erts_driver_list_lock);
    }
    stopq(prt);        /* clear queue memory */
    if(prt->linebuf != NULL){
	erts_free(ERTS_ALC_T_LINEBUF, (void *) prt->linebuf);
	prt->linebuf = NULL;
    }
    if (prt->bp != NULL) {
	free_message_buffer(prt->bp);
	prt->bp = NULL;
	prt->data = am_undefined;
    }

    if (prt->psd)
	erts_free(ERTS_ALC_T_PRTSD, prt->psd);

    ASSERT(prt->dist_entry == NULL);

    kill_port(prt);

    /*
     * We don't want to send the closed message until after the
     * port has been removed from the port table (in kill_port()).
     */
    if ((state & ERTS_PORT_SFLG_HALT)
	&& (erts_smp_atomic32_dec_read_nob(&erts_halt_progress) == 0)) {
	erts_port_release(prt); /* We will exit and never return */
	erl_exit_flush_async(erts_halt_code, "");
    }
    if (is_internal_port(send_closed_port_id))
	deliver_result(send_closed_port_id, connected_id, am_closed);
}

void
erts_terminate_port(Port *pp)
{
    terminate_port(pp);
}

static void sweep_one_monitor(ErtsMonitor *mon, void *vpsc)
{
    ErtsMonitor *rmon;
    Process *rp;

    ASSERT(mon->type == MON_ORIGIN);
    ASSERT(is_internal_pid(mon->pid));
    rp = erts_pid2proc(NULL, 0, mon->pid, ERTS_PROC_LOCK_LINK);
    if (!rp) {
	goto done;
    }
    rmon = erts_remove_monitor(&ERTS_P_MONITORS(rp), mon->ref);
    erts_smp_proc_unlock(rp, ERTS_PROC_LOCK_LINK);
    if (rmon == NULL) {
	goto done;
    }
    erts_destroy_monitor(rmon);
 done:
    erts_destroy_monitor(mon);
}



typedef struct {
    Eterm port;
    Eterm reason;
} SweepContext;

static void sweep_one_link(ErtsLink *lnk, void *vpsc)
{
    SweepContext *psc = vpsc;
    DistEntry *dep;
    Process *rp;
    

    ASSERT(lnk->type == LINK_PID);
    
    if (is_external_pid(lnk->pid)) {
	dep = external_pid_dist_entry(lnk->pid);
	if(dep != erts_this_dist_entry) {
	    ErtsDistLinkData dld;
	    ErtsDSigData dsd;
	    int code;
	    code = erts_dsig_prepare(&dsd, dep, NULL, ERTS_DSP_NO_LOCK, 0);
	    switch (code) {
	    case ERTS_DSIG_PREP_NOT_ALIVE:
	    case ERTS_DSIG_PREP_NOT_CONNECTED:
		break;
	    case ERTS_DSIG_PREP_CONNECTED:
		erts_remove_dist_link(&dld, psc->port, lnk->pid, dep);
		erts_destroy_dist_link(&dld);
		code = erts_dsig_send_exit(&dsd, psc->port, lnk->pid,
					   psc->reason);
		ASSERT(code == ERTS_DSIG_SEND_OK);
		break;
	    default:
		ASSERT(! "Invalid dsig prepare result");
		break;
	    }
	}
    } else {
	ErtsProcLocks rp_locks = ERTS_PROC_LOCK_LINK|ERTS_PROC_LOCKS_XSIG_SEND;
	ASSERT(is_internal_pid(lnk->pid));
	rp = erts_pid2proc(NULL, 0, lnk->pid, rp_locks);
	if (rp) {
	    ErtsLink *rlnk = erts_remove_link(&ERTS_P_LINKS(rp), psc->port);

	    if (rlnk) {
		int xres = erts_send_exit_signal(NULL,
						 psc->port,
						 rp,
						 &rp_locks, 
						 psc->reason,
						 NIL,
						 NULL,
						 0);
		if (xres >= 0 && IS_TRACED_FL(rp, F_TRACE_PROCS)) {
		    /* We didn't exit the process and it is traced */
		    if (IS_TRACED_FL(rp, F_TRACE_PROCS)) {
			trace_proc(NULL, rp, am_getting_unlinked,
				   psc->port);
		    }
		}
		erts_destroy_link(rlnk);
	    }

	    erts_smp_proc_unlock(rp, rp_locks);
	}
    }
    erts_destroy_link(lnk);
}

/* 'from' is sending 'this_port' an exit signal, (this_port must be internal).
 * If reason is normal we don't do anything, *unless* from is our connected
 * process in which case we close the port. Any other reason kills the port.
 * If 'from' is ourself we always die.
 * When a driver has data in ioq then driver will be set to closing
 * and become inaccessible to the processes. One exception exists and
 * that is to kill a port till reason kill. Then the port is stopped.
 * 
 */
void
erts_do_exit_port(Port *p, Eterm from, Eterm reason)
{
   ErtsLink *lnk;
   Eterm rreason;
   erts_aint32_t state;

   ERTS_SMP_CHK_NO_PROC_LOCKS;
   ERTS_SMP_LC_ASSERT(erts_lc_is_port_locked(p));

   rreason = (reason == am_kill) ? am_killed : reason;

#ifdef USE_VM_PROBES
   if (DTRACE_ENABLED(port_exit)) {
       DTRACE_CHARBUF(from_str, DTRACE_TERM_BUF_SIZE);
       DTRACE_CHARBUF(port_str, DTRACE_TERM_BUF_SIZE);
       DTRACE_CHARBUF(rreason_str, 64);

       erts_snprintf(from_str, sizeof(from_str), "%T", from);
       dtrace_port_str(p, port_str);
       erts_snprintf(rreason_str, sizeof(rreason_str), "%T", rreason);
       DTRACE4(port_exit, from_str, port_str, p->name, rreason_str);
   }
#endif

   state = erts_atomic32_read_nob(&p->state);
   if ((state & (ERTS_PORT_SFLGS_DEAD
		 | ERTS_PORT_SFLG_EXITING
		 | ERTS_PORT_SFLG_IMMORTAL))
       || ((reason == am_normal) &&
	   ((from != p->connected) && (from != p->common.id)))) {
      return;
   }

   if (IS_TRACED_FL(p, F_TRACE_PORTS)) {
   	trace_port(p, am_closed, reason);
   }

   erts_trace_check_exiting(p->common.id);

   /*
    * Setting the port to not busy here, frees the list of pending
    * processes and makes them runnable.
    */
   set_busy_port((ErlDrvPort) p, 0);

   if (p->common.u.alive.reg != NULL)
       (void) erts_unregister_name(NULL, 0, p, p->common.u.alive.reg->name);

   state = erts_atomic32_read_bor_relb(&p->state, ERTS_PORT_SFLG_EXITING);

   {
       SweepContext sc = {p->common.id, rreason};
       lnk = ERTS_P_LINKS(p);
       ERTS_P_LINKS(p) = NULL;
       erts_sweep_links(lnk, &sweep_one_link, &sc);
   }
   DRV_MONITOR_LOCK_PDL(p);
   {
       ErtsMonitor *moni = ERTS_P_MONITORS(p);
       ERTS_P_MONITORS(p) = NULL;
       erts_sweep_monitors(moni, &sweep_one_monitor, NULL);
   } 
   DRV_MONITOR_UNLOCK_PDL(p);

   if ((state & ERTS_PORT_SFLG_DISTRIBUTION) && p->dist_entry) {
       erts_do_net_exits(p->dist_entry, rreason);
       erts_deref_dist_entry(p->dist_entry); 
       p->dist_entry = NULL;
       erts_atomic32_read_band_relb(&p->state,
				    ~ERTS_PORT_SFLG_DISTRIBUTION);
   }
       
   if ((reason != am_kill) && !is_port_ioq_empty(p)) {
       /* must turn exiting flag off */
       erts_atomic32_read_bset_relb(&p->state,
				    (ERTS_PORT_SFLG_EXITING
				     | ERTS_PORT_SFLG_CLOSING),
				    ERTS_PORT_SFLG_CLOSING);
      flush_port(p);
   }
   else {
       terminate_port(p);
   }
}

/* About the states ERTS_PORT_SFLG_EXITING and ERTS_PORT_SFLG_CLOSING used above.
**
** ERTS_PORT_SFLG_EXITING is a recursion protection for erts_do_exit_port().
** It is unclear  whether this state is necessary or not, it might be possible
** to merge it with ERTS_PORT_SFLG_CLOSING. ERTS_PORT_SFLG_EXITING only persists
** over a section of sequential (but highly recursive) code.
**
** ERTS_PORT_SFLG_CLOSING is a state where the port is in Limbo, waiting to
** pass on. All links are removed, and the port receives in/out-put events so
** as soon as the port queue gets empty terminate_port() is called.
*/



/* Command should be of the form
**   {PID, close}
**   {PID, {command, io-list}}
**   {PID, {connect, New_PID}}
**
**
*/
void erts_port_command(Process *proc,
		       Eterm caller_id,
		       Port *port,
		       Eterm command)
{
    Eterm *tp;
    Eterm pid;

    if (!port)
	return;

    erts_smp_proc_unlock(proc, ERTS_PROC_LOCK_MAIN);
    ERTS_SMP_CHK_NO_PROC_LOCKS;
    ASSERT(!INVALID_PORT(port, port->common.id));

    if (is_tuple_arity(command, 2)) {
	tp = tuple_val(command);
	if ((pid = port->connected) == tp[1]) {
	    /* PID must be connected */
	    if (tp[2] == am_close) {
		erts_atomic32_read_bor_relb(&port->state,
					    ERTS_PORT_SFLG_SEND_CLOSED);
		erts_do_exit_port(port, pid, am_normal);

#ifdef USE_VM_PROBES
		if(DTRACE_ENABLED(port_command)) {
                    DTRACE_FORMAT_COMMON_PROC_AND_PORT(proc, port)
		    DTRACE4(port_command, process_str, port_str, port->name, "close");
		}
#endif
		goto done;
	    } else if (is_tuple_arity(tp[2], 2)) {
		tp = tuple_val(tp[2]);
		if (tp[1] == am_command) {
		    if (erts_write_to_port(caller_id, port, tp[2]) == 0)
			goto done;
		} else if ((tp[1] == am_connect) && is_internal_pid(tp[2])) {
#ifdef USE_VM_PROBES
		    if(DTRACE_ENABLED(port_command)) {
                        DTRACE_FORMAT_COMMON_PROC_AND_PORT(proc, port)
			DTRACE4(port_command, process_str, port_str, port->name, "connect");
		    }
#endif
		    port->connected = tp[2];
		    deliver_result(port->common.id, pid, am_connected);
		    goto done;
		}
	    }
	}
    }

    {
	ErtsProcLocks rp_locks = ERTS_PROC_LOCKS_XSIG_SEND;
	Process* rp = erts_pid2proc(NULL, 0,
				    port->connected, rp_locks);
	if (rp) {
	    (void) erts_send_exit_signal(NULL,
					 port->common.id,
					 rp,
					 &rp_locks, 
					 am_badsig,
					 NIL,
					 NULL,
					 0);
	    erts_smp_proc_unlock(rp, rp_locks);
	}

    }
 done:
    erts_smp_proc_lock(proc, ERTS_PROC_LOCK_MAIN);
}

/*
 * Control a port synchronously. 
 * Returns either a list or a binary.
 */
Eterm
erts_port_control(Process* p, Port* prt, Uint command, Eterm iolist)
{
    byte* to_port = NULL;	/* Buffer to write to port. */
				/* Initialization is for shutting up
				   warning about use before set. */
    Uint to_len = 0;		/* Length of buffer. */
    int must_free = 0;		/* True if the buffer should be freed. */
    char port_result[ERL_ONHEAP_BIN_LIMIT];  /* Default buffer for result from port. */
    char* port_resp;		/* Pointer to result buffer. */
    ErlDrvSSizeT n;
    ErlDrvSSizeT (*control)
	(ErlDrvData, unsigned, char*, ErlDrvSizeT, char**, ErlDrvSizeT);
    int fpe_was_unmasked;

    ERTS_SMP_LC_ASSERT(erts_lc_is_port_locked(prt));

    if ((control = prt->drv_ptr->control) == NULL) {
	return THE_NON_VALUE;
    }

    /*
     * Convert the iolist to a buffer, pointed to by to_port,
     * and with its length in to_len.
     */
    if (is_binary(iolist) && binary_bitoffset(iolist) == 0) {
	ERTS_DECLARE_DUMMY(Uint bitoffs);
	ERTS_DECLARE_DUMMY(Uint bitsize);
	ERTS_GET_BINARY_BYTES(iolist, to_port, bitoffs, bitsize);
	to_len = binary_size(iolist);
    } else {
	int r;

	/* Try with an 8KB buffer first (will often be enough I guess). */
	to_len = 8*1024;
	to_port = erts_alloc(ERTS_ALC_T_TMP, to_len);
	must_free = 1;

	/*
	 * In versions before R10B, we used to reserve random
	 * amounts of extra memory. From R10B, we allocate the
	 * exact amount.
	 */
	r = io_list_to_buf(iolist, (char*) to_port, to_len);
	if (r >= 0) {
	    to_len -= r;
	} else if (r == -2) {	/* Type error */
	    erts_free(ERTS_ALC_T_TMP, (void *) to_port);
	    return THE_NON_VALUE;
	} else {
	    ASSERT(r == -1);	/* Overflow */
	    erts_free(ERTS_ALC_T_TMP, (void *) to_port);
	    if (erts_iolist_size(iolist, &to_len)) { /* Type error */
		return THE_NON_VALUE;
	    }
	    must_free = 1;
	    to_port = erts_alloc(ERTS_ALC_T_TMP, to_len);
	    r = io_list_to_buf(iolist, (char*) to_port, to_len);
	    ASSERT(r == 0);
	}
    }

    prt->caller = p->common.id;	/* Internal pid */

    erts_smp_proc_unlock(p, ERTS_PROC_LOCK_MAIN);
    ERTS_SMP_CHK_NO_PROC_LOCKS;

#ifdef USE_VM_PROBES
    if (DTRACE_ENABLED(port_control) || DTRACE_ENABLED(driver_control)) {
        DTRACE_FORMAT_COMMON_PROC_AND_PORT(p, prt);
        DTRACE4(port_control, process_str, port_str, prt->name, command);
        DTRACE5(driver_control, process_str, port_str, prt->name,
                command, to_len);
    }
#endif

    /*
     * Call the port's control routine.
     */

    port_resp = port_result;
    fpe_was_unmasked = erts_block_fpe();
    n = control((ErlDrvData)prt->drv_data, command, (char*)to_port, to_len,
		&port_resp, sizeof(port_result));
    erts_unblock_fpe(fpe_was_unmasked);
    if (must_free) {
	erts_free(ERTS_ALC_T_TMP, (void *) to_port);
    }
    prt->caller = NIL;
#ifdef ERTS_SMP
    if (prt->xports)
	erts_smp_xports_unlock(prt);
    ASSERT(!prt->xports);
#endif

    erts_smp_proc_lock(p, ERTS_PROC_LOCK_MAIN);
    /*
     * Handle the result.
     */

    if (n < 0) {
	return THE_NON_VALUE;
    }

    if ((prt->control_flags & PORT_CONTROL_FLAG_BINARY) == 0) {	/* List result */
	Eterm ret;	
	Eterm* hp = HAlloc(p, 2*n);
	ret = buf_to_intlist(&hp, port_resp, n, NIL);
	if (port_resp != port_result) {
	    driver_free(port_resp);
	}
	return ret;
    } 
    else if (port_resp == NULL) {
	return NIL;
    } 
    else {                   /* Binary result */
	ErlDrvBinary *dbin;
	ErlHeapBin *hbin;
	if (port_resp != port_result) {
	    dbin = (ErlDrvBinary *) port_resp;
	    if (dbin->orig_size > ERL_ONHEAP_BIN_LIMIT) {
		ProcBin* pb = (ProcBin *) HAlloc(p, PROC_BIN_SIZE);
		pb->thing_word = HEADER_PROC_BIN;
		pb->size = dbin->orig_size;
		pb->next = MSO(p).first;
		MSO(p).first = (struct erl_off_heap_header*)pb;
		pb->val = ErlDrvBinary2Binary(dbin);
		pb->bytes = (byte*) dbin->orig_bytes;
		pb->flags = 0;
		OH_OVERHEAD(&(MSO(p)), dbin->orig_size / sizeof(Eterm));
		return make_binary(pb);
	    }
	    port_resp = dbin->orig_bytes;
	    n = dbin->orig_size;
	} else {
	    dbin = NULL;
	}
	hbin = (ErlHeapBin*) HAlloc(p, heap_bin_size(n));
	ASSERT(n <= ERL_ONHEAP_BIN_LIMIT);
	hbin->thing_word = header_heap_bin(n);
	hbin->size = n;
	sys_memcpy(hbin->data, port_resp, n);
	if (dbin != NULL) {
	    driver_free_binary(dbin);
	}
	return make_binary(hbin);
    }
}

typedef struct {
    int to;
    void *arg;
} prt_one_lnk_data;

static void prt_one_monitor(ErtsMonitor *mon, void *vprtd)
{
    prt_one_lnk_data *prtd = (prt_one_lnk_data *) vprtd;
    erts_print(prtd->to, prtd->arg, "(%T,%T)", mon->pid,mon->ref);
}

static void prt_one_lnk(ErtsLink *lnk, void *vprtd)
{
    prt_one_lnk_data *prtd = (prt_one_lnk_data *) vprtd;
    erts_print(prtd->to, prtd->arg, "%T", lnk->pid);
}

void
print_port_info(Port *p, int to, void *arg)
{
    erts_aint32_t state = erts_atomic32_read_nob(&p->state);

    if (state & ERTS_PORT_SFLGS_DEAD)
	return;

    erts_print(to, arg, "=port:%T\n", p->common.id);
    erts_print(to, arg, "Slot: %d\n", internal_port_index(p->common.id));
    if (state & ERTS_PORT_SFLG_CONNECTED) {
	erts_print(to, arg, "Connected: %T", p->connected);
	erts_print(to, arg, "\n");
    }

    if (ERTS_P_LINKS(p)) {
	prt_one_lnk_data prtd;
	prtd.to = to;
	prtd.arg = arg;
	erts_print(to, arg, "Links: ");
	erts_doforall_links(ERTS_P_LINKS(p), &prt_one_lnk, &prtd);
	erts_print(to, arg, "\n");
    }
    if (ERTS_P_MONITORS(p)) {
	prt_one_lnk_data prtd;
	prtd.to = to;
	prtd.arg = arg;
	erts_print(to, arg, "Monitors: ");
	erts_doforall_monitors(ERTS_P_MONITORS(p), &prt_one_monitor, &prtd);
	erts_print(to, arg, "\n");
    }

    if (p->common.u.alive.reg != NULL)
	erts_print(to, arg, "Registered as: %T\n", p->common.u.alive.reg->name);

    if (p->drv_ptr == &fd_driver) {
	erts_print(to, arg, "Port is UNIX fd not opened by emulator: %s\n", p->name);
    } else if (p->drv_ptr == &vanilla_driver) {
	erts_print(to, arg, "Port is a file: %s\n",p->name);
    } else if (p->drv_ptr == &spawn_driver) {
	erts_print(to, arg, "Port controls external process: %s\n",p->name);
    } else {
	erts_print(to, arg, "Port controls linked-in driver: %s\n",p->name);
    }
}

void
set_busy_port(ErlDrvPort port_num, int on)
{
    Port *prt;
#ifdef USE_VM_PROBES
    DTRACE_CHARBUF(port_str, 16);
#endif

    ERTS_SMP_CHK_NO_PROC_LOCKS;

    prt = erts_drvport2port_raw(port_num);
    if (!prt)
	return;

    if (on) {
	erts_atomic32_read_bor_relb(&prt->state,
				    ERTS_PORT_SFLG_PORT_BUSY);
#ifdef USE_VM_PROBES
        if (DTRACE_ENABLED(port_busy)) {
            erts_snprintf(port_str, sizeof(port_str),
                          "%T", prt->id);
            DTRACE1(port_busy, port_str);
        }
#endif
    } else {
        ErtsProcList* plp = prt->suspended;
	erts_atomic32_read_band_relb(&prt->state,
				     ~ERTS_PORT_SFLG_PORT_BUSY);
        prt->suspended = NULL;

#ifdef USE_VM_PROBES
        if (DTRACE_ENABLED(port_not_busy)) {
            erts_snprintf(port_str, sizeof(port_str),
                          "%T", prt->id);
            DTRACE1(port_not_busy, port_str);
        }
#endif
	if (prt->dist_entry) {
	    /*
	     * Processes suspended on distribution ports are
	     * normally queued on the dist entry.
	     */
	    erts_dist_port_not_busy(prt);
	}

	/*
	 * Resume, in a round-robin fashion, all processes waiting on the port.
	 * 
	 * This version submitted by Tony Rogvall. The earlier version used
	 * to resume the processes in order, which caused starvation of all but
	 * the first process.
	 */

        if (plp) {
#ifdef USE_VM_PROBES
            /*
             * Hrm, for blocked dist ports, plp always seems to be NULL.
             * That's not so fun.
             * Well, another way to get the same info is using a D
             * script to correlate an earlier process-port_blocked+pid
             * event with a later process-scheduled event.  That's
             * subject to the multi-CPU races with how events are
             * handled, but hey, that way works most of the time.
             */
            if (DTRACE_ENABLED(process_port_unblocked)) {
                DTRACE_CHARBUF(pid_str, 16);
                ErtsProcList* plp2 = plp;

                erts_snprintf(port_str, sizeof(port_str),
                             "%T", erts_port[port_num]);
                while (plp2 != NULL) {
                    erts_snprintf(pid_str, sizeof(pid_str), "%T", plp2->pid);
                    DTRACE2(process_port_unblocked, pid_str, port_str);
                }
            }
#endif
            /* First proc should be resumed last */
	    if (plp->next) {
		erts_resume_processes(plp->next);
		plp->next = NULL;
	    }
	    erts_resume_processes(plp);
        }
    }
}

void set_port_control_flags(ErlDrvPort port_num, int flags)
{
    Port *prt = erts_drvport2port_raw(port_num);
    if (prt)
	prt->control_flags = flags;
}

int get_port_flags(ErlDrvPort ix)
{
    int flags;
    Port *prt;
    erts_aint32_t state;

    prt = erts_drvport2port(ix, &state);
    if (!prt)
	return 0;

    ERTS_SMP_LC_ASSERT(erts_lc_is_port_locked(prt));

    flags = 0;
    if (state & ERTS_PORT_SFLG_BINARY_IO)
	flags |= PORT_FLAG_BINARY;
    if (state & ERTS_PORT_SFLG_LINEBUF_IO)
	flags |= PORT_FLAG_LINE;

    return flags;
}

void erts_raw_port_command(Port* p, byte* buf, Uint len)
{
    int fpe_was_unmasked;

    ERTS_SMP_CHK_NO_PROC_LOCKS;
    ERTS_SMP_LC_ASSERT(erts_lc_is_port_locked(p));

    if (len > (Uint) INT_MAX)
	erl_exit(ERTS_ABORT_EXIT,
		 "Absurdly large data buffer (%beu bytes) passed to"
		 "output callback of %s driver.\n",
		 len,
		 p->drv_ptr->name ? p->drv_ptr->name : "unknown");

    p->caller = NIL;
#ifdef USE_VM_PROBES
    if (DTRACE_ENABLED(driver_output)) {
        DTRACE_CHARBUF(port_str, DTRACE_TERM_BUF_SIZE);

        dtrace_port_str(p, port_str);
        DTRACE4(driver_output, "-raw-", port_str, p->name, len);
    }
#endif
    fpe_was_unmasked = erts_block_fpe();
    (*p->drv_ptr->output)((ErlDrvData)p->drv_data, (char*) buf, (int) len);
    erts_unblock_fpe(fpe_was_unmasked);
}

int async_ready(Port *p, void* data)
{
    int need_free = 1;

    ERTS_SMP_CHK_NO_PROC_LOCKS;

    if (p) {
	erts_aint32_t state = erts_atomic32_read_nob(&p->state);
	ERTS_SMP_LC_ASSERT(erts_lc_is_port_locked(p));
	ASSERT(!(state & ERTS_PORT_SFLGS_DEAD));
	if (p->drv_ptr->ready_async != NULL) {
#ifdef USE_VM_PROBES
            if (DTRACE_ENABLED(driver_ready_async)) {
                DTRACE_FORMAT_COMMON_PID_AND_PORT(p->connected, p)
                DTRACE3(driver_ready_async, process_str, port_str, p->name);
            }
#endif
	    (*p->drv_ptr->ready_async)((ErlDrvData)p->drv_data, data);
	    need_free = 0;
#ifdef ERTS_SMP
	    if (p->xports)
		erts_smp_xports_unlock(p);
	    ASSERT(!p->xports);
#endif
	}
	if ((state & ERTS_PORT_SFLG_CLOSING) && is_port_ioq_empty(p)) {
	    terminate_port(p);
	}
    }
    return need_free;
}

static void
report_missing_drv_callback(Port *p, char *drv_type, char *callback)
{
    ErtsPortNames *pnp = erts_get_port_names(p->common.id);
    char *unknown = "<unknown>";
    char *drv_name = pnp->driver_name ? pnp->driver_name : unknown;
    char *prt_name = pnp->name ? pnp->name : unknown;
    erts_dsprintf_buf_t *dsbufp = erts_create_logger_dsbuf();    
    erts_dsprintf(dsbufp, "%T: %s driver '%s' ", p->common.id, drv_type, drv_name);
    if (sys_strcmp(drv_name, prt_name) != 0)
	erts_dsprintf(dsbufp, "(%s) ", prt_name);
    erts_dsprintf(dsbufp, "does not implement the %s callback!\n", callback);
    erts_free_port_names(pnp);
    erts_send_error_to_logger_nogl(dsbufp);
}

void
erts_stale_drv_select(Eterm port,
		      ErlDrvEvent hndl,
		      int mode,
		      int deselect)
{
    char *type;
    ErlDrvPort drv_port = (ErlDrvPort) erts_port_lookup_raw(port);
    ErtsPortNames *pnp = erts_get_port_names(port);
    erts_dsprintf_buf_t *dsbufp;

    switch (mode) {
    case ERL_DRV_READ | ERL_DRV_WRITE:
	type = "Input/Output";
	goto deselect;
    case ERL_DRV_WRITE:
	type = "Output";
	goto deselect;
    case ERL_DRV_READ:
	type = "Input";
    deselect:
	if (deselect) {
	    driver_select(drv_port, hndl,
			  mode | ERL_DRV_USE_NO_CALLBACK,
			  0);
	}
	break;
    default:
	type = "Event";
	if (deselect)
	    driver_event(drv_port, hndl, NULL);
	break;
    }

    dsbufp = erts_create_logger_dsbuf();
    erts_dsprintf(dsbufp,
		  "%T: %s: %s driver gone away without deselecting!\n",
		  port,
		  pnp->name ? pnp->name : "<unknown>",
		  type);
    erts_free_port_names(pnp);
    erts_send_error_to_logger_nogl(dsbufp);
}

ErtsPortNames *
erts_get_port_names(Eterm id)
{
    Port *prt = erts_port_lookup_raw(id);
    ErtsPortNames *pnp;
    ASSERT(is_nil(id) || is_internal_port(id));

    if (!prt) {
	pnp = erts_alloc(ERTS_ALC_T_PORT_NAMES, sizeof(ErtsPortNames));
	pnp->name = NULL;
	pnp->driver_name = NULL;
    }
    else {
	int do_realloc = 1;
	int len = -1;
	size_t pnp_len = sizeof(ErtsPortNames);
#ifndef DEBUG
	pnp_len += 100; /* In most cases 100 characters will be enough... */
#endif
	pnp = erts_alloc(ERTS_ALC_T_PORT_NAMES, pnp_len);
	do {
	    int nlen;
	    char *name, *driver_name;
	    if (len > 0) {
		erts_free(ERTS_ALC_T_PORT_NAMES, pnp);
		pnp_len = sizeof(ErtsPortNames) + len;
		pnp = erts_alloc(ERTS_ALC_T_PORT_NAMES, pnp_len);
	    }
	    name = prt->name;
	    len = nlen = name ? sys_strlen(name) + 1 : 0;
	    driver_name = (prt->drv_ptr ? prt->drv_ptr->name : NULL);
	    len += driver_name ? sys_strlen(driver_name) + 1 : 0;
	    if (len <= pnp_len - sizeof(ErtsPortNames)) {
		if (!name)
		    pnp->name = NULL;
		else {
		    pnp->name = ((char *) pnp) + sizeof(ErtsPortNames);
		    sys_strcpy(pnp->name, name);
		}
		if (!driver_name)
		    pnp->driver_name = NULL;
		else {
		    pnp->driver_name = (((char *) pnp)
					+ sizeof(ErtsPortNames)
					+ nlen);
		    sys_strcpy(pnp->driver_name, driver_name);
		}
		do_realloc = 0;
	    }
	} while (do_realloc);
    }
    return pnp;
}

void
erts_free_port_names(ErtsPortNames *pnp)
{
    erts_free(ERTS_ALC_T_PORT_NAMES, pnp);
}

static void schedule_port_timeout(Port *p)
{
    /*
     * Scheduling of port timeouts can be done without port locking, but
     * since the task handle is stored in the port structure and the ptimer
     * structure is protected by the port lock we require the port to be
     * locked for now...
     *
     * TODO: Implement scheduling of port timeouts without locking
     *       the port.
     * /Rickard
     */
    ERTS_SMP_LC_ASSERT(erts_lc_is_port_locked(p));
    erts_port_task_schedule(p->common.id,
			    &p->timeout_task,
			    ERTS_PORT_TASK_TIMEOUT);
}

ErlDrvTermData driver_mk_term_nil(void)
{
    return driver_term_nil;
}

void driver_report_exit(ErlDrvPort ix, int status)
{
    Port* prt = erts_drvport2port(ix, NULL);
   Eterm* hp;
   Eterm tuple;
   Process *rp;
   Eterm pid;
   ErlHeapFragment *bp = NULL;
   ErlOffHeap *ohp;
   ErtsProcLocks rp_locks = 0;
   int scheduler = erts_get_scheduler_id() != 0;

   ERTS_SMP_CHK_NO_PROC_LOCKS;
   ERTS_SMP_LC_ASSERT(erts_lc_is_port_locked(prt));

   pid = prt->connected;
   ASSERT(is_internal_pid(pid));

   rp = (scheduler
	 ? erts_proc_lookup(pid)
	 : erts_pid2proc_opt(NULL, 0, pid, 0, ERTS_P2P_FLG_SMP_INC_REFC));
   if (!rp)
       return;

   hp = erts_alloc_message_heap(3+3, &bp, &ohp, rp, &rp_locks);

   tuple = TUPLE2(hp, am_exit_status, make_small(status));
   hp += 3;
   tuple = TUPLE2(hp, prt->common.id, tuple);

   erts_queue_message(rp, &rp_locks, bp, tuple, am_undefined
#ifdef USE_VM_PROBES
		      , NIL
#endif
		      );

   erts_smp_proc_unlock(rp, rp_locks);
   if (!scheduler)
       erts_smp_proc_dec_refc(rp);
}

#define ERTS_B2T_STATES_DEF_STATES_SZ 5
#define ERTS_B2T_STATES_DEF_STATES_INC 100

struct b2t_states__ {
    int len;
    int ix;
    int used;
    ErtsBinary2TermState *state;
    ErtsBinary2TermState def_states[ERTS_B2T_STATES_DEF_STATES_SZ];
#ifdef DEBUG
    byte **org_ext;
    byte *def_org_ext[ERTS_B2T_STATES_DEF_STATES_SZ];
#endif
};

static ERTS_INLINE void
init_b2t_states(struct b2t_states__ *b2tsp)
{
    b2tsp->len = ERTS_B2T_STATES_DEF_STATES_SZ;
    b2tsp->ix = 0;
    b2tsp->used = 0;
    b2tsp->state = &b2tsp->def_states[0];
#ifdef DEBUG
    b2tsp->org_ext = &b2tsp->def_org_ext[0];
#endif
}

static ERTS_INLINE void
grow_b2t_states(struct b2t_states__ *b2tsp)
{
    if (b2tsp->state != &b2tsp->def_states[0]) {
	b2tsp->len += ERTS_B2T_STATES_DEF_STATES_INC;
	b2tsp->state = erts_realloc(ERTS_ALC_T_TMP,
				    b2tsp->state,
				    sizeof(ErtsBinary2TermState)*b2tsp->len);
#ifdef DEBUG
	b2tsp->org_ext = erts_realloc(ERTS_ALC_T_TMP,
				      b2tsp->org_ext,
				      sizeof(char *)*b2tsp->len);
#endif
    }
    else {
	ErtsBinary2TermState *new_states;
	new_states = erts_alloc(ERTS_ALC_T_TMP,
				(sizeof(ErtsBinary2TermState)
				 *ERTS_B2T_STATES_DEF_STATES_INC));
	sys_memcpy((void *) new_states,
		   (void *) b2tsp->state,
		   sizeof(ErtsBinary2TermState)*ERTS_B2T_STATES_DEF_STATES_SZ);
	b2tsp->state = new_states;
	b2tsp->len = ERTS_B2T_STATES_DEF_STATES_INC;
#ifdef DEBUG
	{
	    byte **new_org_ext = erts_alloc(ERTS_ALC_T_TMP,
					    (sizeof(char *)
					     *ERTS_B2T_STATES_DEF_STATES_INC));
	    sys_memcpy((void *) new_org_ext,
		       (void *) b2tsp->org_ext,
		       sizeof(char *)*ERTS_B2T_STATES_DEF_STATES_SZ);
	    b2tsp->org_ext = new_org_ext;
	}
#endif
    }
}

static ERTS_INLINE void
cleanup_b2t_states(struct b2t_states__ *b2tsp)
{
    if (b2tsp->state != &b2tsp->def_states[0]) {
	erts_free(ERTS_ALC_T_TMP, b2tsp->state);
#ifdef DEBUG
	erts_free(ERTS_ALC_T_TMP, b2tsp->org_ext);
#endif
    }
}


/*
 * Generate an Erlang term from data in an array (representing a simple stack
 * machine to build terms).
 * Returns:
 * 	-1 on error in input data
 *       0 if the message was not delivered (bad to pid or closed port)
 *       1 if the message was delivered successfully
 */

static int
driver_deliver_term(Eterm to, ErlDrvTermData* data, int len)
{
#define ERTS_DDT_FAIL do { res = -1; goto done; } while (0)
    Uint need = 0;
    int depth = 0;
    int res;
    Eterm *hp = NULL, *hp_start = NULL, *hp_end = NULL;
    ErlDrvTermData* ptr;
    ErlDrvTermData* ptr_end;
    DECLARE_ESTACK(stack); 
    Eterm mess = NIL;		/* keeps compiler happy */
    Process* rp = NULL;
    ErlHeapFragment *bp = NULL;
    ErlOffHeap *ohp;
    ErtsProcLocks rp_locks = 0;
    struct b2t_states__ b2t;
    int scheduler = 1; /* Silence erroneous warning... */

    init_b2t_states(&b2t);

    /*
     * We used to check port and process here. In the SMP enabled emulator,
     * however, we don't want to that until we have verified the term.
     */

    /*
     * Check ErlDrvTermData for consistency and calculate needed heap size
     * and stack depth.
     */
    ptr = data;
    ptr_end = ptr + len;

    while (ptr < ptr_end) {
	ErlDrvTermData tag = *ptr++;

#define ERTS_DDT_CHK_ENOUGH_ARGS(NEED) \
	if (ptr+((NEED)-1) >= ptr_end) ERTS_DDT_FAIL;

	switch(tag) {
	case ERL_DRV_NIL: /* no arguments */
	    depth++;
	    break;
	case ERL_DRV_ATOM: /* atom argument */
	    ERTS_DDT_CHK_ENOUGH_ARGS(1);
	    if (is_not_atom(ptr[0])) ERTS_DDT_FAIL;
	    ptr++;
	    depth++;
	    break;
	case ERL_DRV_INT:  /* signed int argument */
	    ERTS_DDT_CHK_ENOUGH_ARGS(1);
#if HALFWORD_HEAP
	    erts_bld_sint64(NULL, &need, (Sint64)ptr[0]);
#else
	    /* check for bignum */
	    if (!IS_SSMALL((Sint)ptr[0]))
		need += BIG_UINT_HEAP_SIZE;  /* use small_to_big */
#endif
	    ptr++;
	    depth++;
	    break;
	case ERL_DRV_UINT:  /* unsigned int argument */
	    ERTS_DDT_CHK_ENOUGH_ARGS(1);
#if HALFWORD_HEAP
	    erts_bld_uint64(NULL, &need, (Uint64)ptr[0]);
#else
	    /* check for bignum */
	    if (!IS_USMALL(0, (Uint)ptr[0]))
		need += BIG_UINT_HEAP_SIZE;  /* use small_to_big */
#endif
	    ptr++;
	    depth++;
	    break;
	case ERL_DRV_INT64:  /* pointer to signed 64-bit int argument  */
	    ERTS_DDT_CHK_ENOUGH_ARGS(1);
	    erts_bld_sint64(NULL, &need, *((Sint64 *) ptr[0]));
	    ptr++;
	    depth++;
	    break;
	case ERL_DRV_UINT64:  /* pointer to unsigned 64-bit int argument */
	    ERTS_DDT_CHK_ENOUGH_ARGS(1);
	    erts_bld_uint64(NULL, &need, *((Uint64 *) ptr[0]));
	    ptr++;
	    depth++;
	    break;
	case ERL_DRV_PORT:  /* port argument */
	    ERTS_DDT_CHK_ENOUGH_ARGS(1);
	    if (is_not_internal_port(ptr[0])) ERTS_DDT_FAIL;
	    ptr++;
	    depth++;
	    break;
	case ERL_DRV_BINARY: { /* ErlDrvBinary*, size, offs */
	    ErlDrvBinary* b;
	    Uint size;
	    Uint offset;
	    ERTS_DDT_CHK_ENOUGH_ARGS(3);
	    b = (ErlDrvBinary*) ptr[0];
	    size = ptr[1];
	    offset = ptr[2];
	    if (!b || size + offset > b->orig_size)
		ERTS_DDT_FAIL; /* No binary or outside the binary */
	    need += (size <= ERL_ONHEAP_BIN_LIMIT
			 ? heap_bin_size(size)
			 : PROC_BIN_SIZE);
	    ptr += 3;
	    depth++;
	    break;
	}
	case ERL_DRV_BUF2BINARY: { /* char*, size */
	    byte *bufp;
	    Uint size;
	    ERTS_DDT_CHK_ENOUGH_ARGS(2);
	    bufp = (byte *) ptr[0];
	    size = (Uint) ptr[1];
	    if (!bufp && size > 0) ERTS_DDT_FAIL; 
	    need += (size <= ERL_ONHEAP_BIN_LIMIT
		     ? heap_bin_size(size)
		     : PROC_BIN_SIZE);
	    ptr += 2;
	    depth++;
	    break;
	}
	case ERL_DRV_STRING: /* char*, length */
	    ERTS_DDT_CHK_ENOUGH_ARGS(2);
	    if ((char *) ptr[0] == NULL || (int) ptr[1] < 0) ERTS_DDT_FAIL;
	    need += ptr[1] * 2;
	    ptr += 2;
	    depth++;
	    break;
	case ERL_DRV_STRING_CONS: /* char*, length */
	    ERTS_DDT_CHK_ENOUGH_ARGS(2);
	    if ((char *) ptr[0] == NULL || (int) ptr[1] < 0) ERTS_DDT_FAIL;
	    need += ptr[1] * 2;
	    if (depth < 1) ERTS_DDT_FAIL;
	    ptr += 2;
	    break;
	case ERL_DRV_LIST: /* int */
	    ERTS_DDT_CHK_ENOUGH_ARGS(1);
	    if ((int) ptr[0] <= 0) ERTS_DDT_FAIL;
	    need += (ptr[0]-1)*2;  /* list cells */
	    depth -= ptr[0];
	    if (depth < 0) ERTS_DDT_FAIL;
	    ptr++;
	    depth++;
	    break;
	case ERL_DRV_TUPLE: { /* int */
	    ERTS_DDT_CHK_ENOUGH_ARGS(1);
	    if ((int) ptr[0] < 0) ERTS_DDT_FAIL;
	    need += ptr[0]+1;   /* vector positions + arityval */
	    depth -= ptr[0];
	    if (depth < 0) ERTS_DDT_FAIL;
	    ptr++;
	    depth++;
	    break;
	}
	case ERL_DRV_PID: /* pid argument */
	    ERTS_DDT_CHK_ENOUGH_ARGS(1);
	    if (is_not_internal_pid(ptr[0])) ERTS_DDT_FAIL;
	    ptr++;
	    depth++;
	    break;
	case ERL_DRV_FLOAT: /* double * */
	    ERTS_DDT_CHK_ENOUGH_ARGS(1);
	    need += FLOAT_SIZE_OBJECT;
	    ptr++;
	    depth++;
	    break;
	case ERL_DRV_EXT2TERM: { /* char *ext, int size */
	    byte* ext;
	    Sint size;
	    Sint hsz;

	    ERTS_DDT_CHK_ENOUGH_ARGS(2);
	    ext = (byte *) ptr[0];
	    size = (Sint) ptr[1];
	    if (!ext || size <= 0)
		ERTS_DDT_FAIL;
	    if (b2t.len <= b2t.ix)
		grow_b2t_states(&b2t);
#ifdef DEBUG
	    b2t.org_ext[b2t.ix] = ext;
#endif
	    hsz = erts_binary2term_prepare(&b2t.state[b2t.ix++], ext, size);
	    if (hsz < 0)
		ERTS_DDT_FAIL; /* Invalid data */
	    need += hsz;
	    ptr += 2;
	    depth++;
	    break;
	}
	default:
	    ERTS_DDT_FAIL;
	}
#undef ERTS_DDT_CHK_ENOUGH_ARGS
    }

    if ((depth != 1) || (ptr != ptr_end))
	ERTS_DDT_FAIL;

    b2t.used = b2t.ix;
    b2t.ix = 0;

    /*
     * The term is OK. Go ahead and validate the process.
     */

    /*
     * Increase refc on proc if done from a non-scheduler thread.
     */
    scheduler = erts_get_scheduler_id() != 0;
    rp = (scheduler
	  ? erts_proc_lookup(to)
	  : erts_pid2proc_opt(NULL, 0, to, 0, ERTS_P2P_FLG_SMP_INC_REFC));
    if (!rp) {
	res = 0;
	goto done;
    }

    hp_start = hp = erts_alloc_message_heap(need, &bp, &ohp, rp, &rp_locks);
    hp_end = hp + need;

    /*
     * Interpret the instructions and build the term.
     */
    ptr = data;
    while (ptr < ptr_end) {
	ErlDrvTermData tag = *ptr++;

	switch(tag) {
	case ERL_DRV_NIL: /* no arguments */
	    mess = NIL;
	    break;

	case ERL_DRV_ATOM: /* atom argument */
	    mess = ptr[0];
	    ptr++;
	    break;

	case ERL_DRV_INT:  /* signed int argument */
#if HALFWORD_HEAP
	    mess = erts_bld_sint64(&hp, NULL, (Sint64)ptr[0]);
#else
	    if (IS_SSMALL((Sint)ptr[0]))
		mess = make_small((Sint)ptr[0]);
	    else {
		mess = small_to_big((Sint)ptr[0], hp);
		hp += BIG_UINT_HEAP_SIZE;
	    }
#endif
	    ptr++;
	    break;

	case ERL_DRV_UINT:  /* unsigned int argument */
#if HALFWORD_HEAP
	    mess = erts_bld_uint64(&hp, NULL, (Uint64)ptr[0]);
#else
	    if (IS_USMALL(0, (Uint)ptr[0]))
		mess = make_small((Uint)ptr[0]);
	    else {
		mess = uint_to_big((Uint)ptr[0], hp);
		hp += BIG_UINT_HEAP_SIZE;
	    }
#endif
	    ptr++;
	    break;

	case ERL_DRV_INT64: /* pointer to unsigned 64-bit int argument */
	    mess = erts_bld_sint64(&hp, NULL, *((Sint64 *) ptr[0]));
	    ptr++;
	    break;

	case ERL_DRV_UINT64: /* pointer to unsigned 64-bit int argument */
	    mess = erts_bld_uint64(&hp, NULL, *((Uint64 *) ptr[0]));
	    ptr++;
	    break;

	case ERL_DRV_PORT:  /* port argument */
	    mess = ptr[0];
	    ptr++;
	    break;

	case ERL_DRV_BINARY: { /* ErlDrvBinary*, size, offs */
	    ErlDrvBinary* b = (ErlDrvBinary*) ptr[0];
	    Uint size = ptr[1];
	    Uint offset = ptr[2];

	    if (size <= ERL_ONHEAP_BIN_LIMIT) {
		ErlHeapBin* hbp = (ErlHeapBin *) hp;
		hp += heap_bin_size(size);
		hbp->thing_word = header_heap_bin(size);
		hbp->size = size;
		if (size > 0) {
		    sys_memcpy((void *) hbp->data, (void *) (((byte*) b->orig_bytes) + offset), size);
		}
		mess = make_binary(hbp);
	    }
	    else {
		ProcBin* pb = (ProcBin *) hp;
		driver_binary_inc_refc(b);  /* caller will free binary */
		pb->thing_word = HEADER_PROC_BIN;
		pb->size = size;
		pb->next = ohp->first;
		ohp->first = (struct erl_off_heap_header*)pb;
		pb->val = ErlDrvBinary2Binary(b);
		pb->bytes = ((byte*) b->orig_bytes) + offset;
		pb->flags = 0;
		mess =  make_binary(pb);
		hp += PROC_BIN_SIZE;
		OH_OVERHEAD(ohp, pb->size / sizeof(Eterm));
	    }
	    ptr += 3;
	    break;
	}

	case ERL_DRV_BUF2BINARY: { /* char*, size */
	    byte *bufp = (byte *) ptr[0];
	    Uint size = (Uint) ptr[1];
	    if (size <= ERL_ONHEAP_BIN_LIMIT) {
		ErlHeapBin* hbp = (ErlHeapBin *) hp;
		hp += heap_bin_size(size);
		hbp->thing_word = header_heap_bin(size);
		hbp->size = size;
		if (size > 0) {
		    ASSERT(bufp);
		    sys_memcpy((void *) hbp->data, (void *) bufp, size);
		}
		mess = make_binary(hbp);
	    }
	    else {
		ProcBin* pbp;
		Binary* bp = erts_bin_nrml_alloc(size);
		ASSERT(bufp);
		bp->flags = 0;
		bp->orig_size = (SWord) size;
		erts_refc_init(&bp->refc, 1);
		sys_memcpy((void *) bp->orig_bytes, (void *) bufp, size);
		pbp = (ProcBin *) hp;
		hp += PROC_BIN_SIZE;
		pbp->thing_word = HEADER_PROC_BIN;
		pbp->size = size;
		pbp->next = ohp->first;
		ohp->first = (struct erl_off_heap_header*)pbp;
		pbp->val = bp;
		pbp->bytes = (byte*) bp->orig_bytes;
		pbp->flags = 0;
		OH_OVERHEAD(ohp, pbp->size / sizeof(Eterm));
		mess = make_binary(pbp);
	    }
	    ptr += 2;
	    break;
	}

	case ERL_DRV_STRING: /* char*, length */
	    mess = buf_to_intlist(&hp, (char*)ptr[0], ptr[1], NIL);
	    ptr += 2;
	    break;

	case ERL_DRV_STRING_CONS:  /* char*, length */
	    mess = ESTACK_POP(stack);
	    mess = buf_to_intlist(&hp, (char*)ptr[0], ptr[1], mess);
	    ptr += 2;
	    break;

	case ERL_DRV_LIST: { /* unsigned */
	    Uint i = (int) ptr[0]; /* i > 0 */

	    mess = ESTACK_POP(stack);
	    i--;
	    while(i > 0) {
		Eterm hd = ESTACK_POP(stack);

		mess = CONS(hp, hd, mess);
		hp += 2;
		i--;
	    }
	    ptr++;
	    break;
	}

	case ERL_DRV_TUPLE: { /* int */
	    int size = (int)ptr[0];
	    Eterm* tp = hp;

	    *tp = make_arityval(size);
	    mess = make_tuple(tp);

	    tp += size;   /* point at last element */
	    hp = tp+1;    /* advance "heap" pointer */

	    while(size--) {
		*tp-- = ESTACK_POP(stack);
	    }
	    ptr++;
	    break;
	}

	case ERL_DRV_PID: /* pid argument */
	    mess = ptr[0];
	    ptr++;
	    break;

	case ERL_DRV_FLOAT: { /* double * */
	    FloatDef f;

	    mess = make_float(hp);
	    f.fd = *((double *) ptr[0]);
	    PUT_DOUBLE(f, hp);
	    hp += FLOAT_SIZE_OBJECT;
	    ptr++;
	    break;
	}

	case ERL_DRV_EXT2TERM: /* char *ext, int size */
	    ASSERT(b2t.org_ext[b2t.ix] == (byte *) ptr[0]);
	    mess = erts_binary2term_create(&b2t.state[b2t.ix++], &hp, ohp);
	    if (mess == THE_NON_VALUE)
		ERTS_DDT_FAIL;
	    ptr += 2;
	    break;

	}
	ESTACK_PUSH(stack, mess);
    }

    res = 1;

 done:

    if (res > 0) {
	mess = ESTACK_POP(stack);  /* get resulting value */
	if (bp)
	    bp = erts_resize_message_buffer(bp, hp - hp_start, &mess, 1);
	else {
	    ASSERT(hp);
	    HRelease(rp, hp_end, hp);	    
	}
	/* send message */
	erts_queue_message(rp, &rp_locks, bp, mess, am_undefined
#ifdef USE_VM_PROBES
			   , NIL
#endif
			   );
    }
    else {
	if (b2t.ix > b2t.used)
	    b2t.used = b2t.ix;
	for (b2t.ix = 0; b2t.ix < b2t.used; b2t.ix++)
	    erts_binary2term_abort(&b2t.state[b2t.ix]);
	if (bp)
	    free_message_buffer(bp);
	else if (hp) {
	    HRelease(rp, hp_end, hp);
	}
    }
#ifdef ERTS_SMP
    if (rp) {
	if (rp_locks)
	    erts_smp_proc_unlock(rp, rp_locks);
	if (!scheduler)
	    erts_smp_proc_dec_refc(rp);
    }
#endif
    cleanup_b2t_states(&b2t);
    DESTROY_ESTACK(stack);
    return res;
#undef ERTS_DDT_FAIL
}

int 
driver_output_term(ErlDrvPort drvport, ErlDrvTermData* data, int len)
{
    erts_aint32_t state;
    Port* prt = erts_drvport2port(drvport, &state);
    if (!prt)
	return -1; /* invalid (dead) */
    ERTS_SMP_CHK_NO_PROC_LOCKS;
    ERTS_SMP_LC_ASSERT(erts_lc_is_port_locked(prt));
    if (!(state & ERTS_PORT_SFLGS_INVALID_LOOKUP))
	return driver_deliver_term(prt->connected, data, len);
    else if (state & ERTS_PORT_SFLG_CLOSING)
	return 0; /* closing */
    else
	return -1; /* invalid (dead) */
}


int
driver_send_term(ErlDrvPort ix, ErlDrvTermData to, ErlDrvTermData* data, int len)
{
    /* driver_send_term() assume port is ok... */
    return driver_deliver_term(to, data, len);
}


/*
 * Output a binary with hlen bytes from hbuf as list header
 * and data is len length of bin starting from offset offs.
 */

int driver_output_binary(ErlDrvPort ix, char* hbuf, ErlDrvSizeT hlen,
			 ErlDrvBinary* bin, ErlDrvSizeT offs, ErlDrvSizeT len)
{
    erts_aint32_t state;
    Port* prt = erts_drvport2port(ix, &state);

    ERTS_SMP_CHK_NO_PROC_LOCKS;

    if (prt == NULL)
	return -1;
    ERTS_SMP_LC_ASSERT(erts_lc_is_port_locked(prt));
    if (state & ERTS_PORT_SFLG_CLOSING)
	return 0;

    prt->bytes_in += (hlen + len);
    erts_smp_atomic_add_nob(&erts_bytes_in, (erts_aint_t) (hlen + len));
    if (state & ERTS_PORT_SFLG_DISTRIBUTION) {
	return erts_net_message(prt,
				prt->dist_entry,
				(byte*) hbuf, hlen,
				(byte*) (bin->orig_bytes+offs), len);
    }
    else
	deliver_bin_message(prt, prt->connected, 
			    hbuf, hlen, bin, offs, len);
    return 0;
}

/* driver_output2:
** Delivers hlen bytes from hbuf to the port owner as a list;
** after that, the port settings apply, buf is sent as binary or list.
**
** Example: if hlen = 3 then the port owner will receive the data
** [H1,H2,H3 | T]
*/
int driver_output2(ErlDrvPort ix, char* hbuf, ErlDrvSizeT hlen,
		   char* buf, ErlDrvSizeT len)
{
    erts_aint32_t state;
    Port* prt = erts_drvport2port(ix, &state);

    ERTS_SMP_CHK_NO_PROC_LOCKS;

    if (prt == NULL)
	return -1;

    ERTS_SMP_LC_ASSERT(erts_lc_is_port_locked(prt));

    if (state & ERTS_PORT_SFLG_CLOSING)
	return 0;
    
    prt->bytes_in += (hlen + len);
    erts_smp_atomic_add_nob(&erts_bytes_in, (erts_aint_t) (hlen + len));
    if (state & ERTS_PORT_SFLG_DISTRIBUTION) {
	if (len == 0)
	    return erts_net_message(prt,
				    prt->dist_entry,
				    NULL, 0,
				    (byte*) hbuf, hlen);
	else
	    return erts_net_message(prt,
				    prt->dist_entry,
				    (byte*) hbuf, hlen,
				    (byte*) buf, len);
    }
    else if (state & ERTS_PORT_SFLG_LINEBUF_IO)
	deliver_linebuf_message(prt, state, prt->connected, hbuf, hlen, buf, len);
    else
	deliver_read_message(prt, state, prt->connected, hbuf, hlen, buf, len, 0);
    return 0;
}

/* Interface functions available to driver writers */

int driver_output(ErlDrvPort ix, char* buf, ErlDrvSizeT len)
{
    ERTS_SMP_CHK_NO_PROC_LOCKS;
    return driver_output2(ix, NULL, 0, buf, len);
}

int driver_outputv(ErlDrvPort ix, char* hbuf, ErlDrvSizeT hlen,
		   ErlIOVec* vec, ErlDrvSizeT skip)
{
    int n;
    ErlDrvSizeT len;
    ErlDrvSizeT size;
    SysIOVec* iov;
    ErlDrvBinary** binv;
    Port* prt;
    erts_aint32_t state;

    ERTS_SMP_CHK_NO_PROC_LOCKS;

    ASSERT(vec->size >= skip);
    if (vec->size <= skip)
	return driver_output2(ix, hbuf, hlen, NULL, 0);
    size = vec->size - skip;   /* Size of remaining bytes in vector */

    ASSERT(hlen >= 0);       /* debug only */
    if (hlen < 0)
	hlen = 0;

    prt = erts_drvport2port(ix, &state);
    if (prt == NULL)
	return -1;

    ERTS_SMP_LC_ASSERT(erts_lc_is_port_locked(prt));

    if (state & ERTS_PORT_SFLG_CLOSING)
	return 0;

    /* size > 0 ! */
    iov = vec->iov;
    binv = vec->binv;
    n = vec->vsize;
    /* we use do here to strip iov_len=0 from beginning */
    do {
	len = iov->iov_len;
	if (len <= skip) {
	    skip -= len;
	    iov++;
	    binv++;
	    n--;
	} else {
	    iov->iov_base += skip;
	    iov->iov_len -= skip;
	    skip = 0;
	}
    } while (skip > 0);

    /* XXX handle distribution !!! */
    prt->bytes_in += (hlen + size);
    erts_smp_atomic_add_nob(&erts_bytes_in, (erts_aint_t) (hlen + size));
    deliver_vec_message(prt, prt->connected, hbuf, hlen, binv, iov, n, size);
    return 0;
}

/* Copy bytes from a vector into a buffer
** input is a vector a buffer and a max length
** return bytes copied
*/
ErlDrvSizeT driver_vec_to_buf(ErlIOVec *vec, char *buf, ErlDrvSizeT len)
{
    SysIOVec* iov = vec->iov;
    int n = vec->vsize;
    ErlDrvSizeT orig_len = len;

    while(n--) {
	size_t ilen = iov->iov_len;
	if (ilen < len) {
	    sys_memcpy(buf, iov->iov_base, ilen);
	    len -= ilen;
	    buf += ilen;
	    iov++;
	}
	else {
	    sys_memcpy(buf, iov->iov_base, len);
	    return orig_len;
	}
    }
    return (orig_len - len);
}


/*
 * - driver_alloc_binary() is thread safe (efile driver depend on it).
 * - driver_realloc_binary(), and driver_free_binary() are *not* thread safe.
 */

/*
 * reference count on driver binaries...
 */

ErlDrvSInt
driver_binary_get_refc(ErlDrvBinary *dbp)
{
    Binary* bp = ErlDrvBinary2Binary(dbp);
    return (ErlDrvSInt) erts_refc_read(&bp->refc, 1);
}

ErlDrvSInt
driver_binary_inc_refc(ErlDrvBinary *dbp)
{
    Binary* bp = ErlDrvBinary2Binary(dbp);
    return (ErlDrvSInt) erts_refc_inctest(&bp->refc, 2);
}

ErlDrvSInt
driver_binary_dec_refc(ErlDrvBinary *dbp)
{
    Binary* bp = ErlDrvBinary2Binary(dbp);
    return (ErlDrvSInt) erts_refc_dectest(&bp->refc, 1);
}


/*
** Allocation/Deallocation of binary objects 
*/

ErlDrvBinary*
driver_alloc_binary(ErlDrvSizeT size)
{
    Binary* bin;

    bin = erts_bin_drv_alloc_fnf((Uint) size);
    if (!bin)
	return NULL; /* The driver write must take action */
    bin->flags = BIN_FLAG_DRV;
    erts_refc_init(&bin->refc, 1);
    bin->orig_size = (SWord) size;
    return Binary2ErlDrvBinary(bin);
}

/* Reallocate space hold by binary */

ErlDrvBinary* driver_realloc_binary(ErlDrvBinary* bin, ErlDrvSizeT size)
{
    Binary* oldbin;
    Binary* newbin;

    if (!bin) {
	erts_dsprintf_buf_t *dsbufp = erts_create_logger_dsbuf();
	erts_dsprintf(dsbufp,
		      "Bad use of driver_realloc_binary(%p, %lu): "
		      "called with ",
		      bin, (unsigned long)size);
	if (!bin) {
	    erts_dsprintf(dsbufp, "NULL pointer as first argument");
	}
	erts_send_warning_to_logger_nogl(dsbufp);
	if (!bin)
	    return driver_alloc_binary(size);
    }

    oldbin = ErlDrvBinary2Binary(bin);
    newbin = (Binary *) erts_bin_realloc_fnf(oldbin, size);
    if (!newbin)
	return NULL;

    newbin->orig_size = size;
    return Binary2ErlDrvBinary(newbin);
}


void driver_free_binary(dbin)
ErlDrvBinary* dbin;
{
    Binary *bin;
    if (!dbin) {
	erts_dsprintf_buf_t *dsbufp = erts_create_logger_dsbuf();
	erts_dsprintf(dsbufp,
		      "Bad use of driver_free_binary(%p): called with "
		      "NULL pointer as argument", dbin);
	erts_send_warning_to_logger_nogl(dsbufp);
	return;
    }

    bin = ErlDrvBinary2Binary(dbin);
    if (erts_refc_dectest(&bin->refc, 0) == 0)
	erts_bin_free(bin);
}


/* 
 * Allocation/deallocation of memory for drivers 
 */

void *driver_alloc(ErlDrvSizeT size)
{
    return erts_alloc_fnf(ERTS_ALC_T_DRV, (Uint) size);
}

void *driver_realloc(void *ptr, ErlDrvSizeT size)
{
    return erts_realloc_fnf(ERTS_ALC_T_DRV, ptr, (Uint) size);
}

void driver_free(void *ptr)
{
    erts_free(ERTS_ALC_T_DRV, ptr);
}

/*
 * Port Data Lock
 */

static void
pdl_init(void)
{
}

static ERTS_INLINE void
pdl_init_refc(ErlDrvPDL pdl)
{
    erts_atomic_init_nob(&pdl->refc, 1);
}

static ERTS_INLINE ErlDrvSInt
pdl_read_refc(ErlDrvPDL pdl)
{
    erts_aint_t refc = erts_atomic_read_nob(&pdl->refc);
    ERTS_LC_ASSERT(refc >= 0);
    return (ErlDrvSInt) refc;
}

static ERTS_INLINE void
pdl_inc_refc(ErlDrvPDL pdl)
{
    erts_atomic_inc_nob(&pdl->refc);
    ERTS_LC_ASSERT(driver_pdl_get_refc(pdl) > 1);
}

static ERTS_INLINE ErlDrvSInt
pdl_inctest_refc(ErlDrvPDL pdl)
{
    erts_aint_t refc = erts_atomic_inc_read_nob(&pdl->refc);
    ERTS_LC_ASSERT(refc > 1);
    return (ErlDrvSInt) refc;
}

#if 0 /* unused */
static ERTS_INLINE void
pdl_dec_refc(ErlDrvPDL pdl)
{
    erts_atomic_dec_nob(&pdl->refc);
    ERTS_LC_ASSERT(driver_pdl_get_refc(pdl) > 0);
}
#endif

static ERTS_INLINE ErlDrvSInt
pdl_dectest_refc(ErlDrvPDL pdl)
{
    erts_aint_t refc = erts_atomic_dec_read_nob(&pdl->refc);
    ERTS_LC_ASSERT(refc >= 0);
    return (ErlDrvSInt) refc;
}

static ERTS_INLINE void pdl_destroy(ErlDrvPDL pdl)
{
    ERTS_LC_ASSERT(driver_pdl_get_refc(pdl) == 0);
    erts_mtx_destroy(&pdl->mtx);
    erts_port_dec_refc(pdl->prt);
    erts_free(ERTS_ALC_T_PORT_DATA_LOCK, pdl);
}

#ifdef ERTS_SMP

static void driver_monitor_lock_pdl(Port *p) {
    if (p->port_data_lock) {
	driver_pdl_lock(p->port_data_lock);
    }
    /* Now we either have the port lock or the port_data_lock */
    ERTS_LC_ASSERT(!p->port_data_lock
		   || erts_lc_mtx_is_locked(&(p->port_data_lock->mtx)));
    ERTS_SMP_LC_ASSERT(p->port_data_lock
		       || erts_lc_is_port_locked(p));
}

static void driver_monitor_unlock_pdl(Port *p) {
    /* We should either have the port lock or the port_data_lock */
    ERTS_LC_ASSERT(!p->port_data_lock
		   || erts_lc_mtx_is_locked(&(p->port_data_lock->mtx)));
    ERTS_SMP_LC_ASSERT(p->port_data_lock
		       || erts_lc_is_port_locked(p));
    if (p->port_data_lock) {
	driver_pdl_unlock(p->port_data_lock);
    }
}

#endif

/*
 * exported driver_pdl_* functions ...
 */

ErlDrvPDL
driver_pdl_create(ErlDrvPort dp)
{
    ErlDrvPDL pdl;
    Port *pp = erts_drvport2port(dp, NULL);
    if (!pp || pp->port_data_lock)
	return NULL;
    pdl = erts_alloc(ERTS_ALC_T_PORT_DATA_LOCK,
		     sizeof(struct erl_drv_port_data_lock));
    erts_mtx_init(&pdl->mtx, "port_data_lock");
    pdl_init_refc(pdl);
    erts_port_inc_refc(pp);
    pdl->prt = pp;
    pp->port_data_lock = pdl;
#ifdef HARDDEBUG
    erts_fprintf(stderr, "driver_pdl_create(%T) -> 0x%08X\r\n",pp->common.id,(unsigned) pdl);
#endif
    return pdl;
}

void
driver_pdl_lock(ErlDrvPDL pdl)
{
#ifdef HARDDEBUG
    erts_fprintf(stderr, "driver_pdl_lock(0x%08X)\r\n",(unsigned) pdl);
#endif
    pdl_inc_refc(pdl);
    erts_mtx_lock(&pdl->mtx);
}

void
driver_pdl_unlock(ErlDrvPDL pdl)
{
    ErlDrvSInt refc;
#ifdef HARDDEBUG
    erts_fprintf(stderr, "driver_pdl_unlock(0x%08X)\r\n",(unsigned) pdl);
#endif
    erts_mtx_unlock(&pdl->mtx);
    refc = pdl_dectest_refc(pdl);
    if (!refc)
	pdl_destroy(pdl);
}

ErlDrvSInt
driver_pdl_get_refc(ErlDrvPDL pdl)
{
    return pdl_read_refc(pdl);
}

ErlDrvSInt
driver_pdl_inc_refc(ErlDrvPDL pdl)
{
    ErlDrvSInt refc = pdl_inctest_refc(pdl);
#ifdef HARDDEBUG
    erts_fprintf(stderr, "driver_pdl_inc_refc(%p) -> %bed\r\n",
		 pdl, refc);
#endif
    return refc;
}

ErlDrvSInt
driver_pdl_dec_refc(ErlDrvPDL pdl)
{
    ErlDrvSInt refc = pdl_dectest_refc(pdl);
#ifdef HARDDEBUG
    erts_fprintf(stderr, "driver_pdl_dec_refc(%p) -> %bpd\r\n",
		 pdl, refc);
#endif
    if (!refc)
	pdl_destroy(pdl);
    return refc;
}

/* expand queue to hold n elements in tail or head */
static int expandq(ErlIOQueue* q, int n, int tail)
/* tail: 0 if make room in head, make room in tail otherwise */
{
    int h_sz;  /* room before header */
    int t_sz;  /* room after tail */
    int q_sz;  /* occupied */
    int nvsz;
    SysIOVec* niov;
    ErlDrvBinary** nbinv;

    h_sz = q->v_head - q->v_start;
    t_sz = q->v_end -  q->v_tail;
    q_sz = q->v_tail - q->v_head;

    if (tail && (n <= t_sz)) /* do we need to expand tail? */
	return 0;
    else if (!tail && (n <= h_sz))  /* do we need to expand head? */
	return 0;
    else if (n > (h_sz + t_sz)) { /* need to allocate */
	/* we may get little extra but it ok */
	nvsz = (q->v_end - q->v_start) + n; 

	niov = erts_alloc_fnf(ERTS_ALC_T_IOQ, nvsz * sizeof(SysIOVec));
	if (!niov)
	    return -1;
	nbinv = erts_alloc_fnf(ERTS_ALC_T_IOQ, nvsz * sizeof(ErlDrvBinary**));
	if (!nbinv) {
	    erts_free(ERTS_ALC_T_IOQ, (void *) niov);
	    return -1;
	}
	if (tail) {
	    sys_memcpy(niov, q->v_head, q_sz*sizeof(SysIOVec));
	    if (q->v_start != q->v_small)
		erts_free(ERTS_ALC_T_IOQ, (void *) q->v_start);
	    q->v_start = niov;
	    q->v_end = niov + nvsz;
	    q->v_head = q->v_start;
	    q->v_tail = q->v_head + q_sz;

	    sys_memcpy(nbinv, q->b_head, q_sz*sizeof(ErlDrvBinary*));
	    if (q->b_start != q->b_small)
		erts_free(ERTS_ALC_T_IOQ, (void *) q->b_start);
	    q->b_start = nbinv;
	    q->b_end = nbinv + nvsz;
	    q->b_head = q->b_start;
	    q->b_tail = q->b_head + q_sz;	
	}
	else {
	    sys_memcpy(niov+nvsz-q_sz, q->v_head, q_sz*sizeof(SysIOVec));
	    if (q->v_start != q->v_small)
		erts_free(ERTS_ALC_T_IOQ, (void *) q->v_start);
	    q->v_start = niov;
	    q->v_end = niov + nvsz;
	    q->v_tail = q->v_end;
	    q->v_head = q->v_tail - q_sz;
	    
	    sys_memcpy(nbinv+nvsz-q_sz, q->b_head, q_sz*sizeof(ErlDrvBinary*));
	    if (q->b_start != q->b_small)
		erts_free(ERTS_ALC_T_IOQ, (void *) q->b_start);
	    q->b_start = nbinv;
	    q->b_end = nbinv + nvsz;
	    q->b_tail = q->b_end;
	    q->b_head = q->b_tail - q_sz;
	}
    }
    else if (tail) {  /* move to beginning to make room in tail */
	sys_memmove(q->v_start, q->v_head, q_sz*sizeof(SysIOVec));
	q->v_head = q->v_start;
	q->v_tail = q->v_head + q_sz;
	sys_memmove(q->b_start, q->b_head, q_sz*sizeof(ErlDrvBinary*));
	q->b_head = q->b_start;
	q->b_tail = q->b_head + q_sz;
    }
    else {   /* move to end to make room */
	sys_memmove(q->v_end-q_sz, q->v_head, q_sz*sizeof(SysIOVec));
	q->v_tail = q->v_end;
	q->v_head = q->v_tail-q_sz;
	sys_memmove(q->b_end-q_sz, q->b_head, q_sz*sizeof(ErlDrvBinary*));
	q->b_tail = q->b_end;
	q->b_head = q->b_tail-q_sz;
    }

    return 0;
}



/* Put elements from vec at q tail */
int driver_enqv(ErlDrvPort ix, ErlIOVec* vec, ErlDrvSizeT skip)
{
    int n;
    size_t len;
    ErlDrvSizeT size;
    SysIOVec* iov;
    ErlDrvBinary** binv;
    ErlDrvBinary*  b;
    ErlIOQueue* q = drvport2ioq(ix);

    if (q == NULL)
	return -1;

    ASSERT(vec->size >= skip);       /* debug only */
    if (vec->size <= skip)
	return 0;
    size = vec->size - skip;

    iov = vec->iov;
    binv = vec->binv;
    n = vec->vsize;

    /* we use do here to strip iov_len=0 from beginning */
    do {
	len = iov->iov_len;
	if (len <= skip) {
	    skip -= len;
	    iov++;
	    binv++;
	    n--;
	}
	else {
	    iov->iov_base += skip;
	    iov->iov_len -= skip;
	    skip = 0;
	}
    } while(skip > 0);

    if (q->v_tail + n >= q->v_end)
	expandq(q, n, 1);

    /* Queue and reference all binaries (remove zero length items) */
    while(n--) {
	if ((len = iov->iov_len) > 0) {
	    if ((b = *binv) == NULL) { /* speical case create binary ! */
		b = driver_alloc_binary(len);
		sys_memcpy(b->orig_bytes, iov->iov_base, len);
		*q->b_tail++ = b;
		q->v_tail->iov_len = len;
		q->v_tail->iov_base = b->orig_bytes;
		q->v_tail++;
	    }
	    else {
		driver_binary_inc_refc(b);
		*q->b_tail++ = b;
		*q->v_tail++ = *iov;
	    }
	}
	iov++;
	binv++;
    }
    q->size += size;      /* update total size in queue */
    return 0;
}

/* Put elements from vec at q head */
int driver_pushqv(ErlDrvPort ix, ErlIOVec* vec, ErlDrvSizeT skip)
{
    int n;
    size_t len;
    ErlDrvSizeT size;
    SysIOVec* iov;
    ErlDrvBinary** binv;
    ErlDrvBinary* b;
    ErlIOQueue* q = drvport2ioq(ix);

    if (q == NULL)
	return -1;

    if (vec->size <= skip)
	return 0;
    size = vec->size - skip;

    iov = vec->iov;
    binv = vec->binv;
    n = vec->vsize;

    /* we use do here to strip iov_len=0 from beginning */
    do {
	len = iov->iov_len;
	if (len <= skip) {
	    skip -= len;
	    iov++;
	    binv++;
	    n--;
	}
	else {
	    iov->iov_base += skip;
	    iov->iov_len -= skip;
	    skip = 0;
	}
    } while(skip > 0);

    if (q->v_head - n < q->v_start)
	expandq(q, n, 0);

    /* Queue and reference all binaries (remove zero length items) */
    iov += (n-1);  /* move to end */
    binv += (n-1); /* move to end */
    while(n--) {
	if ((len = iov->iov_len) > 0) {
	    if ((b = *binv) == NULL) { /* speical case create binary ! */
		b = driver_alloc_binary(len);
		sys_memcpy(b->orig_bytes, iov->iov_base, len);
		*--q->b_head = b;
		q->v_head--;
		q->v_head->iov_len = len;
		q->v_head->iov_base = b->orig_bytes;
	    }
	    else {
		driver_binary_inc_refc(b);
		*--q->b_head = b;
		*--q->v_head = *iov;
	    }
	}
	iov--;
	binv--;
    }
    q->size += size;      /* update total size in queue */
    return 0;
}


/*
** Remove size bytes from queue head
** Return number of bytes that remain in queue
*/
ErlDrvSizeT driver_deq(ErlDrvPort ix, ErlDrvSizeT size)
{
    ErlIOQueue* q = drvport2ioq(ix);
    ErlDrvSizeT len;

    if ((q == NULL) || (q->size < size))
	return -1;
    q->size -= size;
    while (size > 0) {
	ASSERT(q->v_head != q->v_tail);

	len = q->v_head->iov_len;
	if (len <= size) {
	    size -= len;
	    driver_free_binary(*q->b_head);
	    *q->b_head++ = NULL;
	    q->v_head++;
	}
	else {
	    q->v_head->iov_base += size;
	    q->v_head->iov_len -= size;
	    size = 0;
	}
    }

    /* restart pointers (optimised for enq) */
    if (q->v_head == q->v_tail) {
	q->v_head = q->v_tail = q->v_start;
	q->b_head = q->b_tail = q->b_start;
    }
    return q->size;
}


ErlDrvSizeT driver_peekqv(ErlDrvPort ix, ErlIOVec *ev) {
    ErlIOQueue *q = drvport2ioq(ix);
    ASSERT(ev);

    if (! q) {
	return (ErlDrvSizeT) -1;
    } else {
	if ((ev->vsize = q->v_tail - q->v_head) == 0) {
	    ev->size = 0;
	    ev->iov = NULL;
	    ev->binv = NULL;
	} else {
	    ev->size = q->size;
	    ev->iov = q->v_head;
	    ev->binv = q->b_head;
	}
	return q->size;
    }
}

SysIOVec* driver_peekq(ErlDrvPort ix, int* vlenp)  /* length of io-vector */
{
    ErlIOQueue* q = drvport2ioq(ix);

    if (q == NULL) {
	*vlenp = -1;
	return NULL;
    }
    if ((*vlenp = (q->v_tail - q->v_head)) == 0)
	return NULL;
    return q->v_head;
}


ErlDrvSizeT driver_sizeq(ErlDrvPort ix)
{
    ErlIOQueue* q = drvport2ioq(ix);

    if (q == NULL)
	return (size_t) -1;
    return q->size;
}


/* Utils */

/* Enqueue a binary */
int driver_enq_bin(ErlDrvPort ix, ErlDrvBinary* bin,
		   ErlDrvSizeT offs, ErlDrvSizeT len)
{
    SysIOVec      iov;
    ErlIOVec      ev;

    ASSERT(len >= 0);
    if (len == 0)
	return 0;
    iov.iov_base = bin->orig_bytes + offs;
    iov.iov_len  = len;
    ev.vsize = 1;
    ev.size = len;
    ev.iov = &iov;
    ev.binv = &bin;
    return driver_enqv(ix, &ev, 0);
}

int driver_enq(ErlDrvPort ix, char* buffer, ErlDrvSizeT len)
{
    int code;
    ErlDrvBinary* bin;

    ASSERT(len >= 0);
    if (len == 0)
	return 0;
    if ((bin = driver_alloc_binary(len)) == NULL)
	return -1;
    sys_memcpy(bin->orig_bytes, buffer, len);
    code = driver_enq_bin(ix, bin, 0, len);
    driver_free_binary(bin);  /* dereference */
    return code;
}

int driver_pushq_bin(ErlDrvPort ix, ErlDrvBinary* bin,
		     ErlDrvSizeT offs, ErlDrvSizeT len)
{
    SysIOVec      iov;
    ErlIOVec      ev;

    ASSERT(len >= 0);
    if (len == 0)
	return 0;
    iov.iov_base = bin->orig_bytes + offs;
    iov.iov_len  = len;
    ev.vsize = 1;
    ev.size = len;
    ev.iov = &iov;
    ev.binv = &bin;
    return driver_pushqv(ix, &ev, 0);
}

int driver_pushq(ErlDrvPort ix, char* buffer, ErlDrvSizeT len)
{
    int code;
    ErlDrvBinary* bin;

    ASSERT(len >= 0);
    if (len == 0)
	return 0;

    if ((bin = driver_alloc_binary(len)) == NULL)
	return -1;
    sys_memcpy(bin->orig_bytes, buffer, len);
    code = driver_pushq_bin(ix, bin, 0, len);
    driver_free_binary(bin);  /* dereference */
    return code;
}

static ERTS_INLINE void
drv_cancel_timer(Port *prt)
{
#ifdef ERTS_SMP
    erts_cancel_smp_ptimer(prt->common.u.alive.ptimer);
#else
    erts_cancel_timer(&prt->common.u.alive.tm);
#endif
    if (erts_port_task_is_scheduled(&prt->timeout_task))
	erts_port_task_abort(&prt->timeout_task);
}

int driver_set_timer(ErlDrvPort ix, unsigned long t)
{
    Port* prt = erts_drvport2port(ix, NULL);

    ERTS_SMP_CHK_NO_PROC_LOCKS;

    if (prt == NULL)
	return -1;

    if (prt->drv_ptr->timeout == NULL)
	return -1;
    drv_cancel_timer(prt);
#ifdef ERTS_SMP
    erts_create_smp_ptimer(&prt->common.u.alive.ptimer,
			   prt->common.id,
			   (ErlTimeoutProc) schedule_port_timeout,
			   t);
#else
    erts_set_timer(&prt->common.u.alive.tm,
		  (ErlTimeoutProc) schedule_port_timeout,
		  NULL,
		  prt,
		  t);
#endif
    return 0;
}

int driver_cancel_timer(ErlDrvPort ix)
{
    Port* prt = erts_drvport2port(ix, NULL);
    if (prt == NULL)
	return -1;
    ERTS_SMP_LC_ASSERT(erts_lc_is_port_locked(prt));
    drv_cancel_timer(prt);
    return 0;
}


int
driver_read_timer(ErlDrvPort ix, unsigned long* t)
{
    Port* prt = erts_drvport2port(ix, NULL);

    ERTS_SMP_CHK_NO_PROC_LOCKS;

    if (prt == NULL)
	return -1;
    ERTS_SMP_LC_ASSERT(erts_lc_is_port_locked(prt));
#ifdef ERTS_SMP
    *t = (prt->common.u.alive.ptimer
	  ? erts_time_left(&prt->common.u.alive.ptimer->timer.tm)
	  : 0);
#else
    *t = erts_time_left(&prt->common.u.alive.tm);
#endif
    return 0;
}

int 
driver_get_now(ErlDrvNowData *now_data)
{
    Uint mega,secs,micro;
    ERTS_SMP_CHK_NO_PROC_LOCKS;

    if (now_data == NULL) {
	return -1;
    }
    get_now(&mega,&secs,&micro);
    now_data->megasecs = (unsigned long) mega;
    now_data->secs = (unsigned long) secs;
    now_data->microsecs = (unsigned long) micro;
    return 0;
}

static void ref_to_driver_monitor(Eterm ref, ErlDrvMonitor *mon)
{
    RefThing *refp;
    ASSERT(is_internal_ref(ref));
    ASSERT(sizeof(RefThing) <= sizeof(ErlDrvMonitor));
    refp = ref_thing_ptr(ref);
    memset(mon,0,sizeof(ErlDrvMonitor));
    memcpy(mon,refp,sizeof(RefThing));
}


static int do_driver_monitor_process(Port *prt,
				     Eterm *buf,
				     ErlDrvTermData process,
				     ErlDrvMonitor *monitor)
{
    Process *rp;
    Eterm ref;

    if (prt->drv_ptr->process_exit == NULL) {
	return -1;
    }
    rp = erts_pid2proc_opt(NULL, 0,
			   (Eterm) process, ERTS_PROC_LOCK_LINK,
			   ERTS_P2P_FLG_ALLOW_OTHER_X);
    if (!rp) {
	return 1;
    }

    ref = erts_make_ref_in_buffer(buf);
    erts_add_monitor(&ERTS_P_MONITORS(prt), MON_ORIGIN, ref, rp->common.id, NIL);
    erts_add_monitor(&ERTS_P_MONITORS(rp), MON_TARGET, ref, prt->common.id, NIL);

    erts_smp_proc_unlock(rp, ERTS_PROC_LOCK_LINK);
    ref_to_driver_monitor(ref,monitor);
    return 0;
}

/*
 * This can be called from a non scheduler thread iff a port_data_lock exists
 */
int driver_monitor_process(ErlDrvPort drvport,
			   ErlDrvTermData process,
			   ErlDrvMonitor *monitor)
{
    Port *prt;
    int ret;
    erts_aint32_t state;
#if !HEAP_ON_C_STACK || (defined(ERTS_SMP) && defined(ERTS_ENABLE_LOCK_CHECK))
    ErtsSchedulerData *sched = erts_get_scheduler_data();
#endif

    prt = erts_thr_drvport2port_raw(drvport);

    DRV_MONITOR_LOCK_PDL(prt);

    state = erts_atomic32_read_nob(&prt->state);

    if (state & ERTS_PORT_SFLGS_INVALID_DRIVER_LOOKUP) {
	DRV_MONITOR_UNLOCK_PDL(prt);
	return -1;
    }

    /* Now (in SMP) we should have either the port lock (if we have a scheduler) or the port data lock
       (if we're a driver thread) */
    ERTS_SMP_LC_ASSERT((sched != NULL || prt->port_data_lock));

#if !HEAP_ON_C_STACK
    if (!sched) {
	/* Need a separate allocation for the ref :( */
	Eterm *buf = erts_alloc(ERTS_ALC_T_TEMP_TERM,
				sizeof(Eterm)*REF_THING_SIZE);
	ret = do_driver_monitor_process(prt,buf,process,monitor);
	erts_free(ERTS_ALC_T_TEMP_TERM,buf);
    } else
#endif
    {
	DeclareTmpHeapNoproc(buf,REF_THING_SIZE);
	UseTmpHeapNoproc(REF_THING_SIZE);
	ret = do_driver_monitor_process(prt,buf,process,monitor);
	UnUseTmpHeapNoproc(REF_THING_SIZE);
    }
    DRV_MONITOR_UNLOCK_PDL(prt);
    return ret;
}

static int do_driver_demonitor_process(Port *prt, Eterm *buf,
				       const ErlDrvMonitor *monitor)
{
    Process *rp;
    Eterm ref;
    ErtsMonitor *mon;
    Eterm to;

    memcpy(buf,monitor,sizeof(Eterm)*REF_THING_SIZE);
    ref = make_internal_ref(buf);
    mon = erts_lookup_monitor(ERTS_P_MONITORS(prt), ref);
    if (mon == NULL) {
	return 1;
    }
    ASSERT(mon->type == MON_ORIGIN);
    to = mon->pid;
    ASSERT(is_internal_pid(to));
    rp = erts_pid2proc_opt(NULL,
			   0,
			   to,
			   ERTS_PROC_LOCK_LINK,
			   ERTS_P2P_FLG_ALLOW_OTHER_X);
    mon = erts_remove_monitor(&ERTS_P_MONITORS(prt), ref);
    if (mon) {
	erts_destroy_monitor(mon);
    }
    if (rp) {
	ErtsMonitor *rmon;
	rmon = erts_remove_monitor(&ERTS_P_MONITORS(rp), ref);
	erts_smp_proc_unlock(rp, ERTS_PROC_LOCK_LINK);
	if (rmon != NULL) {
	    erts_destroy_monitor(rmon);
	}
    } 
    return 0;
}

int driver_demonitor_process(ErlDrvPort drvport,
			     const ErlDrvMonitor *monitor)
{
    Port *prt;
    int ret;
    erts_aint32_t state;
#if !HEAP_ON_C_STACK || (defined(ERTS_SMP) && defined(ERTS_ENABLE_LOCK_CHECK))
    ErtsSchedulerData *sched = erts_get_scheduler_data();
#endif

    prt = erts_thr_drvport2port_raw(drvport);

    DRV_MONITOR_LOCK_PDL(prt);

    state = erts_atomic32_read_nob(&prt->state);

    if (state & ERTS_PORT_SFLGS_INVALID_DRIVER_LOOKUP) {
	DRV_MONITOR_UNLOCK_PDL(prt);
	return -1;
    }

    /* Now we should have either the port lock (if we have a scheduler) or the port data lock
       (if we're a driver thread) */
    ERTS_SMP_LC_ASSERT((sched != NULL || prt->port_data_lock));
#if !HEAP_ON_C_STACK
    if (!sched) {
	/* Need a separate allocation for the ref :( */
	Eterm *buf = erts_alloc(ERTS_ALC_T_TEMP_TERM,
				sizeof(Eterm)*REF_THING_SIZE);
	ret = do_driver_demonitor_process(prt,buf,monitor);
	erts_free(ERTS_ALC_T_TEMP_TERM,buf);
    } else
#endif
    {
	DeclareTmpHeapNoproc(buf,REF_THING_SIZE);
	UseTmpHeapNoproc(REF_THING_SIZE);
	ret = do_driver_demonitor_process(prt,buf,monitor);
	UnUseTmpHeapNoproc(REF_THING_SIZE);
    }
    DRV_MONITOR_UNLOCK_PDL(prt);
    return ret;
}

static ErlDrvTermData do_driver_get_monitored_process(Port *prt, Eterm *buf,
					    const ErlDrvMonitor *monitor)
{
    Eterm ref;
    ErtsMonitor *mon;
    Eterm to;

    memcpy(buf,monitor,sizeof(Eterm)*REF_THING_SIZE);
    ref = make_internal_ref(buf);
    mon = erts_lookup_monitor(ERTS_P_MONITORS(prt), ref);
    if (mon == NULL) {
	return driver_term_nil;
    }
    ASSERT(mon->type == MON_ORIGIN);
    to = mon->pid;
    ASSERT(is_internal_pid(to));
    return (ErlDrvTermData) to;
}


ErlDrvTermData driver_get_monitored_process(ErlDrvPort drvport,
					    const ErlDrvMonitor *monitor)
{
    Port *prt;
    ErlDrvTermData ret;
    erts_aint32_t state;
#if !HEAP_ON_C_STACK || (defined(ERTS_SMP) && defined(ERTS_ENABLE_LOCK_CHECK))
    ErtsSchedulerData *sched = erts_get_scheduler_data();
#endif

    prt = erts_thr_drvport2port_raw(drvport);

    DRV_MONITOR_LOCK_PDL(prt);

    state = erts_atomic32_read_nob(&prt->state);
    if (state & ERTS_PORT_SFLGS_INVALID_DRIVER_LOOKUP) {
	DRV_MONITOR_UNLOCK_PDL(prt);
	return driver_term_nil;
    }

    /* Now we should have either the port lock (if we have a scheduler) or the port data lock
       (if we're a driver thread) */
    ERTS_SMP_LC_ASSERT((sched != NULL || prt->port_data_lock));

#if !HEAP_ON_C_STACK
    if (!sched) {
	/* Need a separate allocation for the ref :( */
	Eterm *buf = erts_alloc(ERTS_ALC_T_TEMP_TERM,
				sizeof(Eterm)*REF_THING_SIZE);
	ret = do_driver_get_monitored_process(prt,buf,monitor);
	erts_free(ERTS_ALC_T_TEMP_TERM,buf);
    } else
#endif
    {
	DeclareTmpHeapNoproc(buf,REF_THING_SIZE);
	UseTmpHeapNoproc(REF_THING_SIZE);
	ret = do_driver_get_monitored_process(prt,buf,monitor);
	UnUseTmpHeapNoproc(REF_THING_SIZE);
    }
    DRV_MONITOR_UNLOCK_PDL(prt);
    return ret;
}


int driver_compare_monitors(const ErlDrvMonitor *monitor1,
			    const ErlDrvMonitor *monitor2)
{
    return memcmp(monitor1,monitor2,sizeof(ErlDrvMonitor));
}

void erts_fire_port_monitor(Port *prt, Eterm ref)
{
    ErtsMonitor *rmon;
    void (*callback)(ErlDrvData drv_data, ErlDrvMonitor *monitor);
    ErlDrvMonitor drv_monitor;
    int fpe_was_unmasked;

    ERTS_SMP_LC_ASSERT(erts_lc_is_port_locked(prt));
    ASSERT(prt->drv_ptr != NULL);    
    DRV_MONITOR_LOCK_PDL(prt);
    if (erts_lookup_monitor(ERTS_P_MONITORS(prt), ref) == NULL) {
	DRV_MONITOR_UNLOCK_PDL(prt);
	return;
    }
    callback = prt->drv_ptr->process_exit;
    ASSERT(callback != NULL);
    ref_to_driver_monitor(ref,&drv_monitor);
    DRV_MONITOR_UNLOCK_PDL(prt);
#ifdef USE_VM_PROBES
    if (DTRACE_ENABLED(driver_process_exit)) {
        DTRACE_FORMAT_COMMON_PID_AND_PORT(prt->connected, prt)
        DTRACE3(driver_process_exit, process_str, port_str, prt->name);
    }
#endif
    fpe_was_unmasked = erts_block_fpe();
    (*callback)((ErlDrvData) (prt->drv_data), &drv_monitor);
    erts_unblock_fpe(fpe_was_unmasked);
    DRV_MONITOR_LOCK_PDL(prt);
    /* remove monitor *after* callback */
    rmon = erts_remove_monitor(&ERTS_P_MONITORS(prt), ref);
    DRV_MONITOR_UNLOCK_PDL(prt);
    if (rmon) {
	erts_destroy_monitor(rmon);
    }
}


static int
driver_failure_term(ErlDrvPort ix, Eterm term, int eof)
{
    erts_aint32_t state;
    Port* prt = erts_drvport2port(ix, &state);

    ERTS_SMP_CHK_NO_PROC_LOCKS;

    if (prt == NULL)
	return -1;
    ERTS_SMP_LC_ASSERT(erts_lc_is_port_locked(prt));
    if (eof)
	flush_linebuf_messages(prt, state);
    if (state & ERTS_PORT_SFLG_CLOSING) {
	terminate_port(prt);
    } else if (eof && (state & ERTS_PORT_SFLG_SOFT_EOF)) {
	deliver_result(prt->common.id, prt->connected, am_eof);
    } else {
	/* XXX UGLY WORK AROUND, Let do_exit_port terminate the port */
	if (prt->port_data_lock)
	    driver_pdl_lock(prt->port_data_lock);
	prt->ioq.size = 0;
	if (prt->port_data_lock)
	    driver_pdl_unlock(prt->port_data_lock);
	erts_do_exit_port(prt, prt->common.id, eof ? am_normal : term);
    }
    return 0;
}



/*
** Do a (soft) exit. unlink the connected process before doing
** driver posix error or (normal)
*/
int driver_exit(ErlDrvPort ix, int err)
{
    Port* prt = erts_drvport2port(ix, NULL);
    Process* rp;
    ErtsLink *lnk, *rlnk = NULL;

    ERTS_SMP_CHK_NO_PROC_LOCKS;
  
    if (prt == NULL)
        return -1;

    rp = erts_pid2proc(NULL, 0, prt->connected, ERTS_PROC_LOCK_LINK);
    if (rp) {
	rlnk = erts_remove_link(&ERTS_P_LINKS(rp),prt->common.id);
    }

    lnk = erts_remove_link(&ERTS_P_LINKS(prt),prt->connected);

#ifdef ERTS_SMP
    if (rp)
	erts_smp_proc_unlock(rp, ERTS_PROC_LOCK_LINK);
#endif

    if (rlnk != NULL) {
	erts_destroy_link(rlnk);
    }

    if (lnk != NULL) {
	erts_destroy_link(lnk);
    }

    if (err == 0)
        return driver_failure_term(ix, am_normal, 0);
    else {
        char* err_str = erl_errno_id(err);
        Eterm am_err = am_atom_put(err_str, sys_strlen(err_str));
        return driver_failure_term(ix, am_err, 0);
    }
}


int driver_failure(ErlDrvPort ix, int code)
{
    return driver_failure_term(ix, make_small(code), code == 0);
}

int driver_failure_atom(ErlDrvPort ix, char* string)
{
    Eterm am = am_atom_put(string, strlen(string));
    return driver_failure_term(ix, am, 0);
}

int driver_failure_posix(ErlDrvPort ix, int err)
{
    return driver_failure_atom(ix, erl_errno_id(err));
}

int driver_failure_eof(ErlDrvPort ix)
{
    return driver_failure_term(ix, NIL, 1);
}



ErlDrvTermData driver_mk_atom(char* string)
{
    Eterm am = am_atom_put(string, sys_strlen(string));
    ERTS_SMP_CHK_NO_PROC_LOCKS;
    return (ErlDrvTermData) am;
}

ErlDrvTermData driver_mk_port(ErlDrvPort ix)
{
    Port* prt = erts_drvport2port(ix, NULL);
    ERTS_SMP_LC_ASSERT(erts_lc_is_port_locked(prt));
    return (ErlDrvTermData) prt->common.id;
}

ErlDrvTermData driver_connected(ErlDrvPort ix)
{
    Port* prt = erts_drvport2port(ix, NULL);
    ERTS_SMP_CHK_NO_PROC_LOCKS;
    if (prt == NULL)
	return NIL;
    ERTS_SMP_LC_ASSERT(erts_lc_is_port_locked(prt));
    return prt->connected;
}

ErlDrvTermData driver_caller(ErlDrvPort ix)
{
    Port* prt = erts_drvport2port(ix, NULL);
    ERTS_SMP_CHK_NO_PROC_LOCKS;
    if (prt == NULL)
	return NIL;
    ERTS_SMP_LC_ASSERT(erts_lc_is_port_locked(prt));
    return prt->caller;
}

int driver_lock_driver(ErlDrvPort ix)
{
    Port* prt = erts_drvport2port(ix, NULL);
    DE_Handle* dh;

    ERTS_SMP_CHK_NO_PROC_LOCKS;

    erts_smp_mtx_lock(&erts_driver_list_lock);

    if (prt == NULL) {
	erts_smp_mtx_unlock(&erts_driver_list_lock);
	return -1;
    }

    ERTS_SMP_LC_ASSERT(erts_lc_is_port_locked(prt));
    if ((dh = (DE_Handle*)prt->drv_ptr->handle ) == NULL) {
	erts_smp_mtx_unlock(&erts_driver_list_lock);
	return -1;
    }
    erts_ddll_lock_driver(dh, prt->drv_ptr->name);
    erts_smp_mtx_unlock(&erts_driver_list_lock);
    return 0;
}


static int maybe_lock_driver_list(void) 
{
    void *rec_lock;
    rec_lock = erts_smp_tsd_get(driver_list_lock_status_key);
    if (rec_lock == 0) {
	erts_smp_mtx_lock(&erts_driver_list_lock);
	return 1;
    }
    return 0;
}
static void maybe_unlock_driver_list(int doit)
{
    if (doit) {
	erts_smp_mtx_unlock(&erts_driver_list_lock);
    }
}
/* 
   These old interfaces are certainly not MT friendly. Hopefully they are only used internally,
   but you never know, so they are kept for BC. As The sys ddll code has no notion
   of locking, I use the driver list lock to mutex this from the code in erl_bif_ddll.c.
   To allow dynamic code loading in the init functions of a driver, recursive locking is 
   handled as in add_driver_entry etc.
   A TSD variable holds the last error for a thread, so that code like
   ...
   x = driver_dl_open(...);
   if (x == NULL)
      y = driver_dl_error();
   ...
   works as long as execution happens in one driver callback even in an SMP emulator. 
   Writing code using these interfaces spanning several driver callbacks between loading/lookup 
   and error handling may give undesired results...
*/
void *driver_dl_open(char * path)
{
    void *ptr;
    int res;
    int *last_error_p = erts_smp_tsd_get(driver_list_last_error_key);
    int locked = maybe_lock_driver_list();
    if ((res = erts_sys_ddll_open(path, &ptr)) == 0) {
	maybe_unlock_driver_list(locked);
	return ptr;
    } else {
	if (!last_error_p) {
	    last_error_p = erts_alloc(ERTS_ALC_T_DDLL_ERRCODES, sizeof(int));
	    erts_smp_tsd_set(driver_list_last_error_key,last_error_p);
	}
	*last_error_p = res;
	maybe_unlock_driver_list(locked);
	return NULL;
    }
}

void *driver_dl_sym(void * handle, char *func_name)
{
    void *ptr;
    int res;
    int *last_error_p = erts_smp_tsd_get(driver_list_lock_status_key);
    int locked = maybe_lock_driver_list();
    if ((res = erts_sys_ddll_sym(handle, func_name, &ptr)) == 0) {
	maybe_unlock_driver_list(locked);
	return ptr;
    } else {
	if (!last_error_p) {
	    last_error_p = erts_alloc(ERTS_ALC_T_DDLL_ERRCODES, sizeof(int));
	    erts_smp_tsd_set(driver_list_lock_status_key,last_error_p);
	}
	*last_error_p = res;
	maybe_unlock_driver_list(locked);
	return NULL;
    }
}
    
int driver_dl_close(void *handle)
{
    int res;
    int locked = maybe_lock_driver_list();
    res = erts_sys_ddll_close(handle);
    maybe_unlock_driver_list(locked);
    return res;
}

char *driver_dl_error(void) 
{
    char *res;
    int *last_error_p = erts_smp_tsd_get(driver_list_lock_status_key);
    int locked = maybe_lock_driver_list();
    res = erts_ddll_error((last_error_p != NULL) ? (*last_error_p) : ERL_DE_ERROR_UNSPECIFIED); 
    maybe_unlock_driver_list(locked);
    return res;
}


#define ERL_DRV_SYS_INFO_SIZE(LAST_FIELD) \
  (((size_t) &((ErlDrvSysInfo *) 0)->LAST_FIELD) \
   + sizeof(((ErlDrvSysInfo *) 0)->LAST_FIELD))

void
driver_system_info(ErlDrvSysInfo *sip, size_t si_size)
{
    /*
     * When adding fields in the ErlDrvSysInfo struct
     * remember to increment ERL_DRV_EXTENDED_MINOR_VERSION
     */

    /*
     * 'smp_support' is the last field in the first version
     * of ErlDrvSysInfo (introduced in driver version 1.0).
     */
    if (!sip || si_size < ERL_DRV_SYS_INFO_SIZE(smp_support)) 
	erl_exit(1,
		 "driver_system_info(%p, %ld) called with invalid arguments\n",
		 sip, si_size);

    /*
     * 'smp_support' is the last field in the first version
     * of ErlDrvSysInfo (introduced in driver version 1.0).
     */
    if (si_size >= ERL_DRV_SYS_INFO_SIZE(smp_support)) {
	sip->driver_major_version = ERL_DRV_EXTENDED_MAJOR_VERSION;
	sip->driver_minor_version = ERL_DRV_EXTENDED_MINOR_VERSION;
	sip->erts_version = ERLANG_VERSION;
	sip->otp_release = ERLANG_OTP_RELEASE;
	sip->thread_support = 
#ifdef USE_THREADS
	    1
#else
	    0
#endif
	    ;
	sip->smp_support = 
#ifdef ERTS_SMP
	    1
#else
	    0
#endif
	    ;

    }

    /*
     * 'scheduler_threads' is the last field in the second version
     * of ErlDrvSysInfo (introduced in driver version 1.1).
     */
    if (si_size >= ERL_DRV_SYS_INFO_SIZE(scheduler_threads)) {
	sip->async_threads = erts_async_max_threads;
	sip->scheduler_threads = erts_no_schedulers;
    }
    /*
     * 'nif_minor_version' is the last field in the third version
     * (driver version 1.5, NIF version 1.0) 
     */
    if (si_size >= ERL_DRV_SYS_INFO_SIZE(nif_minor_version)) {
	sip->nif_major_version = ERL_NIF_MAJOR_VERSION;
	sip->nif_minor_version = ERL_NIF_MINOR_VERSION;
    }
}


static ERTS_INLINE Port *
get_current_port(void)
{
    ErtsSchedulerData *esdp = erts_get_scheduler_data();
    ASSERT(esdp);
    ASSERT(esdp->current_port);
    return esdp->current_port;
}

/*
 * Default callbacks used if not supplied by driver.
 */

static void
no_output_callback(ErlDrvData drv_data, char *buf, ErlDrvSizeT len)
{

}

static void
no_event_callback(ErlDrvData drv_data, ErlDrvEvent event, ErlDrvEventData event_data)
{
    Port *prt = get_current_port();
    report_missing_drv_callback(prt, "Event", "event()");
    driver_event((ErlDrvPort) prt, event, NULL);
}

static void
no_ready_input_callback(ErlDrvData drv_data, ErlDrvEvent event)
{
    Port *prt = get_current_port();
    report_missing_drv_callback(prt, "Input", "ready_input()");
    driver_select((ErlDrvPort) prt, event, 
		  (ERL_DRV_READ | ERL_DRV_USE_NO_CALLBACK), 0);
}

static void
no_ready_output_callback(ErlDrvData drv_data, ErlDrvEvent event)
{
    Port *prt = get_current_port();
    report_missing_drv_callback(prt, "Output", "ready_output()");
    driver_select((ErlDrvPort) prt, event,
		  (ERL_DRV_WRITE | ERL_DRV_USE_NO_CALLBACK), 0);
}

static void
no_timeout_callback(ErlDrvData drv_data)
{

}

static void
no_stop_select_callback(ErlDrvEvent event, void* private)
{
    erts_dsprintf_buf_t *dsbufp = erts_create_logger_dsbuf();    
    erts_dsprintf(dsbufp, "Driver does not implement stop_select callback "
			  "(event=%ld, private=%p)!\n", (long)event, private);
    erts_send_error_to_logger_nogl(dsbufp);
}


static int
init_driver(erts_driver_t *drv, ErlDrvEntry *de, DE_Handle *handle)
{
    drv->name = de->driver_name;
    ASSERT(de->extended_marker == ERL_DRV_EXTENDED_MARKER);
    ASSERT(de->major_version >= 2);
    drv->version.major = de->major_version;
    drv->version.minor = de->minor_version;
    drv->flags = de->driver_flags;
    drv->handle = handle;
#ifdef ERTS_SMP
    if (drv->flags & ERL_DRV_FLAG_USE_PORT_LOCKING)
	drv->lock = NULL;
    else {
	drv->lock = erts_alloc(ERTS_ALC_T_DRIVER_LOCK,
			       sizeof(erts_mtx_t));
	erts_mtx_init_x(drv->lock,
			"driver_lock",
#if defined(ERTS_ENABLE_LOCK_CHECK) || defined(ERTS_ENABLE_LOCK_COUNT)
			am_atom_put(drv->name, sys_strlen(drv->name))
#else
			NIL
#endif
	    );
    }
#endif
    drv->entry = de;

    drv->start = de->start;
    drv->stop = de->stop;
    drv->finish = de->finish;
    drv->flush = de->flush;
    drv->output = de->output ? de->output : no_output_callback;
    drv->outputv = de->outputv;
    drv->control = de->control;
    drv->call = de->call;
    drv->event = de->event ? de->event : no_event_callback;
    drv->ready_input = de->ready_input ? de->ready_input : no_ready_input_callback;
    drv->ready_output = de->ready_output ? de->ready_output : no_ready_output_callback;
    drv->timeout = de->timeout ? de->timeout : no_timeout_callback;
    drv->ready_async = de->ready_async;
    drv->process_exit = de->process_exit;
    if (de->stop_select)
	drv->stop_select = de->stop_select;
    else
	drv->stop_select = no_stop_select_callback;

    if (!de->init)
	return 0;
    else {
	int res;
	int fpe_was_unmasked = erts_block_fpe();
        DTRACE4(driver_init, drv->name, drv->version.major, drv->version.minor,
                drv->flags);
	res = (*de->init)();
	erts_unblock_fpe(fpe_was_unmasked);
	return res;
    }
}

void
erts_destroy_driver(erts_driver_t *drv)
{
#ifdef ERTS_SMP
    if (drv->lock) {
	erts_smp_mtx_destroy(drv->lock);
	erts_free(ERTS_ALC_T_DRIVER_LOCK, drv->lock);
    }
#endif    
    erts_free(ERTS_ALC_T_DRIVER, drv);
}

/* 
 * Functions for maintaining a list of driver_entry struct
 * Exposed in the driver interface, and therefore possibly locking directly.
 */

void add_driver_entry(ErlDrvEntry *drv){
    void *rec_lock;
    rec_lock = erts_smp_tsd_get(driver_list_lock_status_key);
    /* 
     * Ignore result of erts_add_driver_entry, the init is not
     * allowed to fail when drivers are added by drivers.
     */
    erts_add_driver_entry(drv, NULL, rec_lock != NULL); 
}

int erts_add_driver_entry(ErlDrvEntry *de, DE_Handle *handle, int driver_list_locked)
{
    erts_driver_t *dp = erts_alloc(ERTS_ALC_T_DRIVER, sizeof(erts_driver_t));
    int res;

    if (!driver_list_locked) {
	erts_smp_mtx_lock(&erts_driver_list_lock);
    }

    dp->next = driver_list;
    dp->prev = NULL;
    if (driver_list != NULL) {
	driver_list->prev = dp;
    }
    driver_list = dp;

    if (!driver_list_locked) {
	erts_smp_tsd_set(driver_list_lock_status_key, (void *) 1);
    }

    res = init_driver(dp, de, handle);

    if (res != 0) {
	/* 
	 * Remove it all again...
	 */
	driver_list = dp->next;
	if (driver_list != NULL) {
	    driver_list->prev = NULL;
	}
	erts_destroy_driver(dp);
    }
	
    if (!driver_list_locked) {
	erts_smp_tsd_set(driver_list_lock_status_key, NULL);
	erts_smp_mtx_unlock(&erts_driver_list_lock);
    }
    return res;
}

/* Not allowed for dynamic drivers */
int remove_driver_entry(ErlDrvEntry *drv)
{
    erts_driver_t *dp;
    void *rec_lock;
    
    rec_lock = erts_smp_tsd_get(driver_list_lock_status_key);
    if (rec_lock == NULL) {
	erts_smp_mtx_lock(&erts_driver_list_lock);
    }
    dp = driver_list;
    while (dp && dp->entry != drv)
	dp = dp->next;
    if (dp) {
	if (dp->handle) {
	    if (rec_lock == NULL) {
		erts_smp_mtx_unlock(&erts_driver_list_lock);
	    }
	    return -1;
	}
	if (dp->prev == NULL) {
	    driver_list = dp->next;
	} else {
	    dp->prev->next = dp->next;
	}
	if (dp->next != NULL) {
	    dp->next->prev = dp->prev;
	}
	erts_destroy_driver(dp);
	if (rec_lock == NULL) {
	    erts_smp_mtx_unlock(&erts_driver_list_lock);
	}
	return 1;
    }
    if (rec_lock == NULL) {
	erts_smp_mtx_unlock(&erts_driver_list_lock);
    }
    return 0;
}

/* very useful function that can be used in entries that are not used
 * so that not every driver writer must supply a personal version
 */
int null_func(void)
{
    return 0;
}

int
erl_drv_putenv(char *key, char *value)
{
    return erts_write_env(key, value);
}

int
erl_drv_getenv(char *key, char *value, size_t *value_size)
{
    return erts_sys_getenv(key, value, value_size);
}