path: root/lib/common_test/doc/src/common_test_app.xml

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<erlref>
  <header>
    <copyright>
      <year>2003</year><year>2011</year>
      <holder>Ericsson AB. All Rights Reserved.</holder>
    </copyright>
    <legalnotice>
      The contents of this file are subject to the Erlang Public License,
      Version 1.1, (the "License"); you may not use this file except in
      compliance with the License. You should have received a copy of the
      Erlang Public License along with this software. If not, it can be
      retrieved online at http://www.erlang.org/.

      Software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS"
      basis, WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See
      the License for the specific language governing rights and limitations
      under the License.

    </legalnotice>

    <title>Common Test</title>
    <prepared>Kenneth Lundin, Peter Andersson</prepared>
    <responsible>Peter Andersson</responsible>
    <docno></docno>
    <approved></approved>
    <checked></checked>
    <date>2003-10-21</date>
    <rev>PA1</rev>
    <file>common_test_app.sgml</file>
  </header>
  <module>common_test</module> 
  <modulesummary>A framework for automated testing of arbitrary target nodes</modulesummary>

  <description>

    <p>The <em>Common Test</em> framework is an environment for
      implementing and performing automatic and semi-automatic execution of
      test cases.

      Common Test uses the OTP Test Server as engine for test case 
      execution and logging.</p>

    <p>In brief, Common Test supports:</p>

    <list>
      <item>Automated execution of test suites (sets of test cases).</item>
      <item>Logging of the events during execution.</item>
      <item>HTML presentation of test suite results.</item>
      <item>HTML presentation of test suite code.</item>
      <item>Support functions for test suite authors.</item>
      <item>Step by step execution of test cases.</item>
    </list>
    
    <p>The following sections describe the mandatory and optional test suite
      functions Common Test will call during test execution. For more details
      see <seealso marker="write_test_chapter">Common Test User's
      Guide.</seealso> </p>
    
  </description>

  <section>
    <title>TEST CASE CALLBACK FUNCTIONS</title>
    <p>The following functions define the callback interface
      for a test suite.</p>
  </section>
  
  <funcs>
    <func>
      <name>Module:all() -> Tests | {skip,Reason} </name>
      <fsummary>Returns the list of all test case groups and test cases
	in the module.</fsummary>
      <type>
	<v>Tests = [TestCase | {group,GroupName} |
	            {group,GroupName,Properties} |
	            {group,GroupName,Properties,SubGroups}]</v>
	<v>TestCase = atom()</v>
	<v>GroupName = atom()</v>
	<v>Properties = [parallel | sequence | Shuffle | {RepeatType,N}] |
	                default</v>
	<v>SubGroups = [{GroupName,Properties} |
	                {GroupName,Properties,SubGroups}]</v>
	<v>Shuffle = shuffle | {shuffle,Seed}</v>
	<v>Seed = {integer(),integer(),integer()}</v>
	<v>RepeatType = repeat | repeat_until_all_ok | repeat_until_all_fail |
                        repeat_until_any_ok | repeat_until_any_fail</v>
	<v>N = integer() | forever</v>
	<v>Reason = term()</v>
      </type>
      
      <desc>	
	<p> MANDATORY </p>
	
	<p>This function must return the list of all test cases and test
	  case groups in the test suite module that are to be executed.
	  This list also specifies the order the cases and groups will
	  be executed by Common Test. A test case is represented by an atom,
	  the name of the test case function. A test case group is
	  represented by a <c>group</c> tuple, where <c>GroupName</c>,
	  an atom, is the name of the group (defined in <c>groups/0</c>).
	  Execution properties for groups may also be specified, both
	  for a top level group and for any of its sub-groups.
	  Group execution properties specified here, will override
	  properties in the group definition (see <c>groups/0</c>).
	  (With value <c>default</c>, the group definition properties
	  will be used).</p>
	
	<p> If <c>{skip,Reason}</c> is returned, all test cases
          in the module will be skipped, and the <c>Reason</c> will
          be printed on the HTML result page.</p>

	<p>For details on groups, see 
	  <seealso marker="write_test_chapter#test_case_groups">Test case 
	  groups</seealso> in the User's Guide.</p>
      
    </desc>
    </func>

    <func>
      <name>Module:groups() -> GroupDefs</name>
      <fsummary>Returns a list of test case group definitions.</fsummary>
      <type>
      <v>GroupDefs = [Group]</v>
      <v>Group = {GroupName,Properties,GroupsAndTestCases}</v>
      <v>GroupName = atom()</v>
      <v>Properties = [parallel | sequence | Shuffle | {RepeatType,N}]</v>
      <v>GroupsAndTestCases = [Group | {group,GroupName} | TestCase]</v>
      <v>TestCase = atom()</v>
      <v>Shuffle = shuffle | {shuffle,Seed}</v>
      <v>Seed = {integer(),integer(),integer()}</v>
      <v>RepeatType = repeat | repeat_until_all_ok | repeat_until_all_fail |
         repeat_until_any_ok | repeat_until_any_fail</v>
      <v>N = integer() | forever</v>
      </type>
      
      <desc>	
	<p> OPTIONAL </p>
	
	<p>Function for defining test case groups. Please see
	  <seealso marker="write_test_chapter#test_case_groups">Test case 
	  groups</seealso> in the User's Guide for details.</p>      
      </desc>
    </func>

      <func>
	<name>Module:suite() -> [Info] </name>
	<fsummary>Test suite info function (providing default data
	  for the suite).</fsummary>
	<type>
	<v> Info = {timetrap,Time} | {require,Required} | 
	    {require,Name,Required} | {userdata,UserData} |
	    {silent_connections,Conns} | {stylesheet,CSSFile} | 
	    {ct_hooks, CTHs}</v>
	<v> Time = TimeVal | TimeFunc</v>
	<v> TimeVal = MilliSec | {seconds,integer()} | {minutes,integer()} |
	    {hours,integer()}</v>
	<v> TimeFunc = {Mod,Func,Args} | Fun</v>
	<v> MilliSec = integer()</v>
	<v> Mod = atom()</v>
	<v> Func = atom()</v>
	<v> Args = list()</v>
	<v> Fun = fun()</v>
	<v> Required = Key | {Key,SubKeys}</v>
	<v> Key = atom()</v>
	<v> SubKeys = SubKey | [SubKey]</v>
	<v> SubKey = atom()</v>
	<v> Name = atom()</v>
	<v> UserData = term()</v>
	<v> Conns = [atom()]</v>
	<v> CSSFile = string()</v>
	<v> CTHs = [CTHModule | {CTHModule, CTHInitArgs} | {CTHModule, CTHInitArgs, CTHPriority}]</v>
	<v> CTHModule = atom()</v>
	<v> CTHInitArgs = term()</v>
	</type>
	<desc>	
	  
	  <p> OPTIONAL </p>
	  
	<p>This is the test suite info function. It is supposed to 
	  return a list of tagged tuples that specify various properties
	  related to the execution of this test suite (common for all
	  test cases in the suite).</p>
	  
	<p>The <c>timetrap</c> tag sets the maximum time each
	  test case is allowed to execute (including <c>init_per_testcase/2</c>
	  and <c>end_per_testcase/2</c>). If the timetrap time is
	  exceeded, the test case fails with reason
	  <c>timetrap_timeout</c>. If a <c>TimeFunc</c> function is specified,
	  it will be called initially and must return a value on
	  <c>TimeVal</c> format.</p>
	
	<p>The <c>require</c> tag specifies configuration variables
	  that are required by test cases (and/or configuration functions)
	  in the suite. If the required configuration variables are not found
	  in any of the configuration files, all test cases are skipped. For more
	  information about the 'require' functionality, see the
	  reference manual for the function
	  <c>ct:require/[1,2]</c>.</p>

	<p>With <c>userdata</c>, it is possible for the user to
	  specify arbitrary test suite related information which can be 
	  read by calling <c>ct:userdata/2</c>.</p>

	  <p>The <c>ct_hooks</c> tag specifies which 
	  <seealso marker="ct_hooks_chapter">Common Test Hooks</seealso>
	  are to be run together with this suite.</p>
	
	<p>Other tuples than the ones defined will simply be ignored.</p>

	<p>For more information about the test suite info function,
	  see <seealso marker="write_test_chapter#suite">Test
	  suite info function</seealso> in the User's Guide.</p>
    </desc>      
    </func>

      <func>
	<name>Module:init_per_suite(Config) -> NewConfig | {skip,Reason} |
	  {skip_and_save,Reason,SaveConfig}</name>
	<fsummary>Test suite initializations.</fsummary>
	<type>
	  <v> Config = NewConfig = SaveConfig = [{Key,Value}]</v>
	  <v> Key = atom()</v>
	  <v> Value = term()</v>
	  <v> Reason = term()</v>
	</type>
	<desc>	
	  
	  <p> OPTIONAL </p>
	  
	  <p>This configuration function is called as the first function in the
	  suite. It typically contains initializations which are common for
	  all test cases in the suite, and which shall only be done
	  once. The <c>Config</c> parameter is the configuration data
	  which can be modified here. Whatever is returned from this
	  function is given as <c>Config</c> to all configuration functions
	  and test cases in the suite. If <c>{skip,Reason}</c> 
	  is returned, all test cases in the suite will be skipped
	  and <c>Reason</c> printed in the overview log for the suite.</p>
	  <p>For information on <c>save_config</c> and <c>skip_and_save</c>, 
	  please see 
	  <seealso marker="dependencies_chapter#save_config">Dependencies 
	  between Test Cases and Suites</seealso> in the User's Guide.</p>
    </desc>      
    </func>
      
    <func>
      <name>Module:end_per_suite(Config) -> void() | 
	{save_config,SaveConfig}</name>
      <fsummary>Test suite finalization. </fsummary>
      <type>
	<v> Config = SaveConfig = [{Key,Value}]</v>
	<v> Key = atom()</v>
	<v> Value = term()</v>
      </type>
      
      <desc>	
	<p> OPTIONAL </p>
	
	<p>This function is called as the last test case in the
	  suite. It is meant to be used for cleaning up after
	  <c>init_per_suite/1</c>.
	  For information on <c>save_config</c>, please see 
	  <seealso marker="dependencies_chapter#save_config">Dependencies
	    between Test Cases and Suites</seealso> in the User's Guide.</p>
      </desc>
    </func>

    <func>
      <name>Module:group(GroupName) -> [Info] </name>
      <fsummary>Test case group info function (providing default data
	for a test case group, i.e. its test cases and sub-groups).</fsummary>
      <type>
	<v> Info = {timetrap,Time} | {require,Required} | 
	  {require,Name,Required} | {userdata,UserData} |
	  {silent_connections,Conns} | {stylesheet,CSSFile} | 
	  {ct_hooks, CTHs}</v>
	<v> Time = TimeVal | TimeFunc</v>
	<v> TimeVal = MilliSec | {seconds,integer()} | {minutes,integer()} |
	  {hours,integer()}</v>
	<v> TimeFunc = {Mod,Func,Args} | Fun</v>
	<v> MilliSec = integer()</v>
	<v> Mod = atom()</v>
	<v> Func = atom()</v>
	<v> Args = list()</v>
	<v> Fun = fun()</v>
	<v> Required = Key | {Key,SubKeys}</v>
	<v> Key = atom()</v>
	<v> SubKeys = SubKey | [SubKey]</v>
	<v> SubKey = atom()</v>
	<v> Name = atom()</v>
	<v> UserData = term()</v>
	<v> Conns = [atom()]</v>
	<v> CSSFile = string()</v>
	<v> CTHs = [CTHModule | {CTHModule, CTHInitArgs} |
	  {CTHModule, CTHInitArgs, CTHPriority}]</v>
	<v> CTHModule = atom()</v>
	<v> CTHInitArgs = term()</v>
	</type>
	<desc>	
	  
	  <p> OPTIONAL </p>
	  
	<p>This is the test case group info function. It is supposed to 
	  return a list of tagged tuples that specify various properties
	  related to the execution of a test case group (i.e. its test cases
	  and sub-groups). Properties set by <c>groups/1</c> override
	  properties with the same key that have been previously set by
	  <c>suite/0</c>.</p>
	  
	<p>The <c>timetrap</c> tag sets the maximum time each
	  test case is allowed to execute (including <c>init_per_testcase/2</c>
	  and <c>end_per_testcase/2</c>). If the timetrap time is
	  exceeded, the test case fails with reason
	  <c>timetrap_timeout</c>. If a <c>TimeFunc</c> function is specified,
	  it will be called initially and must return a value on
	  <c>TimeVal</c> format.</p>
	
	<p>The <c>require</c> tag specifies configuration variables
	  that are required by test cases (and/or configuration functions)
	  in the suite. If the required configuration variables are not found
	  in any of the configuration files, all test cases in this group are skipped.
	  For more information about the 'require' functionality, see the
	  reference manual for the function
	  <c>ct:require/[1,2]</c>.</p>

	<p>With <c>userdata</c>, it is possible for the user to
	  specify arbitrary test case group related information which can be 
	  read by calling <c>ct:userdata/2</c>.</p>

	  <p>The <c>ct_hooks</c> tag specifies which 
	  <seealso marker="ct_hooks_chapter">Common Test Hooks</seealso>
	  are to be run together with this suite.</p>
	
	<p>Other tuples than the ones defined will simply be ignored.</p>

	<p>For more information about the test case group info function,
	  see <seealso marker="write_test_chapter#suite">Test
	  case group info function</seealso> in the User's Guide.</p>
    </desc>      
    </func>

      <func>
	<name>Module:init_per_group(GroupName, Config) -> NewConfig |
	  {skip,Reason}</name>
	<fsummary>Test case group initializations.</fsummary>
	<type>
	  <v> GroupName = atom()</v>
	  <v> Config = NewConfig = [{Key,Value}]</v>
	  <v> Key = atom()</v>
	  <v> Value = term()</v>
	  <v> Reason = term()</v>
	</type>
	<desc>	
	  
	  <p> OPTIONAL </p>
	  
	  <p>This configuration function is called before execution of a
	    test case group. It typically contains initializations which are 
	    common for all test cases and sub-groups in the group, and which
	    shall only be performed once. <c>GroupName</c> is the name of the
	    group, as specified in the group definition (see <c>groups/0</c>). The
	    <c>Config</c> parameter is the configuration data which can be modified
	    here. The return value of this function is given as <c>Config</c> 
	    to all test cases and sub-groups in the group. If <c>{skip,Reason}</c>
	    is returned, all test cases in the group will be skipped and
	    <c>Reason</c> printed in the overview log for the group.</p>

	  <p>For information about test case groups, please see 
	    <seealso marker="write_test_chapter#test_case_groups">Test case 
	    groups</seealso> chapter in the User's Guide.</p> 
    </desc>      
    </func>
      
      <func>
	<name>Module:end_per_group(GroupName, Config) -> void() |
	  {return_group_result,Status}</name>
	<fsummary>Test case group finalization.</fsummary>
	<type>
	  <v> GroupName = atom()</v>
	  <v> Config = [{Key,Value}]</v>
	  <v> Key = atom()</v>
	  <v> Value = term()</v>
	  <v> Status = ok | skipped | failed</v>
	</type>
	
	<desc>	
	  <p> OPTIONAL </p>
	  
	  <p>This function is called after the execution of a test case group is finished.
	    It is meant to be used for cleaning up after <c>init_per_group/2</c>.
	    By means of <c>{return_group_result,Status}</c>, it is possible to return a 
	    status value for a nested sub-group. The status can be retrieved in
	    <c>end_per_group/2</c> for the group on the level above. The status will also
	    be used by Common Test for deciding if execution of a group should proceed in
	    case the property <c>sequence</c> or <c>repeat_until_*</c> is set.</p>

	  <p>For more information about test case groups, please see 
	    <seealso marker="write_test_chapter#test_case_groups">Test case 
	    groups</seealso> chapter in the User's Guide.</p> 
       </desc>
    </func>

      <func>
	<name>Module:init_per_testcase(TestCase, Config) -> NewConfig | {fail,Reason} | {skip,Reason}</name>
	<fsummary>Test case initializations.</fsummary>
	<type>
	  <v> TestCase = atom()</v>
	  <v> Config = NewConfig = [{Key,Value}]</v>
	  <v> Key = atom()</v>
	  <v> Value = term()</v>
	  <v> Reason = term()</v>
	</type>
	<desc>	
	  
	  <p>OPTIONAL</p>
	  
	  <p>This function is called before each test case. The
	  <c>TestCase</c> argument is the name of the test case, and
	  <c>Config</c> (list of key-value tuples) is the configuration
	  data that can be modified here. The <c>NewConfig</c> list returned
	  from this function is given as <c>Config</c> to the test case.
	  If <c>{fail,Reason}</c> is returned, the test case is
	  marked as failed without being executed. If <c>{skip,Reason}</c> is
	  returned, the test case will be skipped and <c>Reason</c> printed
	  in the overview log for the suite.</p>
    </desc>
    </func>
      
      <func>
	<name>Module:end_per_testcase(TestCase, Config) -> void() | {fail,Reason} | {save_config,SaveConfig}</name>
	<fsummary>Test case finalization.</fsummary>
	<type>
	  <v> TestCase = atom()</v>
	  <v> Config = SaveConfig = [{Key,Value}]</v>
	  <v> Key = atom()</v>
	  <v> Value = term()</v>
	  <v> Reason = term()</v>
	</type>
	<desc>	
	  
	  <p> OPTIONAL </p>
	  
	  <p> This function is called after each test case, and can be used
	    to clean up after <c>init_per_testcase/2</c> and the test case. 
	    Any return value (besides <c>{fail,Reason}</c> and <c>{save_config,SaveConfig}</c>) 
	    is ignored. By returning <c>{fail,Reason}</c>, <c>TestCase</c> will be marked as
	    failed (even though it was actually successful in the sense that it returned
	    a value instead of terminating). For information on <c>save_config</c>, please see 
	    <seealso marker="dependencies_chapter#save_config">Dependencies between 
	    Test Cases and Suites</seealso> in the User's Guide</p>
	</desc>
      </func>
      
    <func>
      <name>Module:Testcase() -> [Info] </name>
      <fsummary>Test case info function. </fsummary>
      <type>
	<v> Info = {timetrap,Time} | {require,Required} | 
	    {require,Name,Required} | {userdata,UserData} |
	    {silent_connections,Conns}</v>
	<v> Time = TimeVal | TimeFunc</v>
	<v> TimeVal = MilliSec | {seconds,integer()} | {minutes,integer()} |
	    {hours,integer()}</v>
	<v> TimeFunc = {Mod,Func,Args} | Fun</v>
	<v> MilliSec = integer()</v>
	<v> Mod = atom()</v>
	<v> Func = atom()</v>
	<v> Args = list()</v>
	<v> Fun = fun()</v>
	<v> Required = Key | {Key,SubKeys}</v>
	<v> Key = atom()</v>
	<v> SubKeys = SubKey | [SubKey]</v>
	<v> SubKey = atom()</v>
	<v> Name = atom()</v>
	<v> UserData = term()</v>
	<v> Conns = [atom()]</v>
      </type>
      
      <desc>	
	
	<p>OPTIONAL</p>
	  
	<p>This is the test case info function. It is supposed to 
	  return a list of tagged tuples that specify various properties
	  related to the execution of this particular test case.
	  Properties set by <c>Testcase/0</c> override
	  properties that have been previously set for the test case
	  by <c>group/1</c> or <c>suite/0</c>.</p>
	  
	<p>The <c>timetrap</c> tag sets the maximum time the
	  test case is allowed to execute. If the timetrap time is
	  exceeded, the test case fails with reason
	  <c>timetrap_timeout</c>. <c>init_per_testcase/2</c>
	  and <c>end_per_testcase/2</c> are included in the
	  timetrap time. If a <c>TimeFunc</c> function is specified,
	  it will be called before the test case (or <c>init_per_testcase/2</c>)
	  and must return a value on <c>TimeVal</c> format.</p>
	
	<p>The <c>require</c> tag specifies configuration variables
	  that are required by the test case (and/or <c>init/end_per_testcase/2</c>).
	  If the required configuration variables are not found in any of the
	  configuration files, the test case is skipped. For more
	  information about the 'require' functionality, see the
	  reference manual for the function
	  <c>ct:require/[1,2]</c>.</p>

	<p>If <c>timetrap</c> and/or <c>require</c> is not set, the
	  default values specified by <c>suite/0</c> (or
	  <c>group/1</c>) will be used.</p>

	<p>With <c>userdata</c>, it is possible for the user to
	  specify arbitrary test case related information which can be 
	  read by calling <c>ct:userdata/3</c>.</p>
	
	<p>Other tuples than the ones defined will simply be ignored.</p>

	<p>For more information about the test case info function,
	  see <seealso marker="write_test_chapter#info_function">Test
	  case info function</seealso> in the User's Guide.</p>
      </desc>
    </func>
      
    
    <func>
	<name>Module:Testcase(Config) ->  void() | {skip,Reason} | {comment,Comment} | {save_config,SaveConfig} | {skip_and_save,Reason,SaveConfig} | exit() </name>
      <fsummary>A test case</fsummary>
      <type>
	<v> Config = SaveConfig = [{Key,Value}]</v>
	<v> Key = atom()</v>
	<v> Value = term()</v>
	<v> Reason = term()</v>
	<v> Comment = string()</v>
      </type>
      
      <desc>	  
	<p> MANDATORY </p>
	
	<p>This is the implementation of a test case. Here you must
	  call the functions you want to test, and do whatever you
	  need to check the result. If something fails, make sure the
	  function causes a runtime error, or call <c>ct:fail/1/2</c> 
	  (which also causes the test case process to terminate).</p>
	
	<p>Elements from the <c>Config</c> list can e.g. be read
	  with <c>proplists:get_value/2</c> (or the macro <c>?config</c>
	  defined in <c>ct.hrl</c>).</p>

	<p>You can return <c>{skip,Reason}</c> if you decide not to
	  run the test case after all. <c>Reason</c> will then be
	  printed in 'Comment' field on the HTML result page.</p>
	
	<p>You can return <c>{comment,Comment}</c> if you wish to
	  print some information in the 'Comment' field on the HTML
	  result page.</p>
	
	<p>If the function returns anything else, the test case is 
	  considered successful. (The return value always gets printed 
	  in the test case log file).</p>

	<p>For more information about test case implementation, please
	  see <seealso marker="write_test_chapter#test_cases">Test
	  cases</seealso> in the User's Guide.</p>

	<p>For information on <c>save_config</c> and <c>skip_and_save</c>, please see 
	  <seealso marker="dependencies_chapter#save_config">Dependencies between 
	  Test Cases and Suites</seealso> in the User's Guide.</p>
      </desc>
    </func>
    
  </funcs>

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