path: root/lib/kernel/doc/src/notes.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="latin1" ?>
<!DOCTYPE chapter SYSTEM "chapter.dtd">

<chapter>
  <header>
    <copyright>
      <year>2004</year><year>2012</year>
      <holder>Ericsson AB. All Rights Reserved.</holder>
    </copyright>
    <legalnotice>
      The contents of this file are subject to the Erlang Public License,
      Version 1.1, (the "License"); you may not use this file except in
      compliance with the License. You should have received a copy of the
      Erlang Public License along with this software. If not, it can be
      retrieved online at http://www.erlang.org/.

      Software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS"
      basis, WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See
      the License for the specific language governing rights and limitations
      under the License.

    </legalnotice>

    <title>Kernel Release Notes</title>
    <prepared></prepared>
    <docno></docno>
    <date></date>
    <rev></rev>
    <file>notes.xml</file>
  </header>
  <p>This document describes the changes made to the Kernel application.</p>

<section><title>Kernel 2.16</title>

    <section><title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
      <list>
        <item>
          <p>
	    It is no longer possible to have <c>{Mod,Vsn}</c> in the
	    'modules' list in a .app file.</p>
          <p>
	    This was earlier possible, although never documented in
	    the .app file reference manual. It was however visible in
	    the documentation of <c>application:load/[1,2]</c>, where
	    the same term as in a .app file can be used as the first
	    argument.</p>
          <p>
	    The possibility has been removed since the <c>Vsn</c>
	    part was never used.</p>
          <p>
	    *** POTENTIAL INCOMPATIBILITY ***</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-10417</p>
        </item>
        <item>
	    <p> The contract of <c>erl_ddll:format_error/1</c> has
	    been corrected. (Thanks to Joseph Wayne Norton.) </p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-10473</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Change printout of application crash message on startup
	    to formated strings (Thanks to Serge Aleynikov)</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-10620</p>
        </item>
        <item>
	    <p> The type <c>ascii_string()</c> in the <c>base64</c>
	    module has been corrected. The type
	    <c>file:file_info()</c> has been cleaned up. The type
	    <c>file:fd()</c> has been made opaque in the
	    documentation. </p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-10624 Aux Id: kunagi-352 [263] </p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>


    <section><title>Improvements and New Features</title>
      <list>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Inet exported functionality</p>
          <p>
	    inet:parse_ipv4_address/1,
	    inet:parse_ipv4strict_address/1,
	    inet:parse_ipv6_address/1,
	    inet:parse_ipv6strict_address/1, inet:parse_address/1 and
	    inet:parse_strict_address is now exported from the inet
	    module.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-8067 Aux Id: kunagi-274 [185] </p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    A boolean socket option 'ipv6_v6only' for IPv6 sockets
	    has been added. The default value of the option is OS
	    dependent, so applications aiming to be portable should
	    consider using <c>{ipv6_v6only,true}</c> when creating an
	    <c>inet6</c> listening/destination socket, and if
	    neccesary also create an <c>inet</c> socket on the same
	    port for IPv4 traffic. See the documentation.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-8928 Aux Id: kunagi-193 [104] </p>
        </item>
        <item>
	    <p> Support for Unicode has been implemented. </p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-10302</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    The documentation for <c>global:register_name/3</c> has
	    been updated to mention that the use of
	    <c>{Module,Function}</c> as the method argument (resolve
	    function) is deprecated.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-10419</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Fixed bug where sendfile on oracle solaris would return
	    an error when a partial send was done.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-10549</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    The <c>error_handler</c> module will now call
	    <c>'$handle_undefined_function'/2</c> if an attempt is
	    made to call a non-existing function in a module that
	    exists. See the documentation for <c>error_handler</c>
	    module for details.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-10617 Aux Id: kunagi-340 [251] </p>
        </item>
        <item>
	    <p>Where necessary a comment stating encoding has been
	    added to Erlang files. The comment is meant to be removed
	    in Erlang/OTP R17B when UTF-8 becomes the default
	    encoding. </p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-10630</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Do not return wrong terms unnecessarily. (Thanks to
	    Kostis Sagonas.)</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-10662</p>
        </item>
        <item>
	    <p> Some examples overflowing the width of PDF pages have
	    been corrected. </p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-10665</p>
        </item>
        <item>
	    <p>Add file:allocate/3 operation</p>
	    <p>This operation allows pre-allocation of space for
	    files. It succeeds only on systems that support such
	    operation. (Thanks to Filipe David Manana)</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-10680</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Add application:get_key/3. The new function provides a
	    default value for a configuration parameter. Thanks to
	    Serge Aleynikov.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-10694</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Add search to Erlang shell's history. Thanks to Fred
	    Herbert.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-10739</p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>

</section>

<section><title>Kernel 2.15.3</title>

    <section><title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
      <list>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Ensure 'erl_crash.dump' when asked for it. This will
	    change erl_crash.dump behaviour.</p>
          <p>
	    * Not setting ERL_CRASH_DUMP_SECONDS will now terminate
	    beam immediately on a crash without writing a crash dump
	    file.</p>
          <p>
	    * Setting ERL_CRASH_DUMP_SECONDS to 0 will also terminate
	    beam immediately on a crash without writing a crash dump
	    file, i.e. same as not setting ERL_CRASH_DUMP_SECONDS
	    environment variable.</p>
          <p>
	    * Setting ERL_CRASH_DUMP_SECONDS to a negative value will
	    let the beam wait indefinitely on the crash dump file
	    being written.</p>
          <p>
	    * Setting ERL_CRASH_DUMP_SECONDS to a positive value will
	    let the beam wait that many seconds on the crash dump
	    file being written.</p>
          <p>
	    A positive value will set an alarm/timeout for restart
	    both in beam and in heart if heart is running.</p>
          <p>
	    *** POTENTIAL INCOMPATIBILITY ***</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-10422 Aux Id: kunagi-250 [161] </p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>

</section>

<section><title>Kernel 2.15.2</title>

    <section><title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
      <list>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Fixed issue where using controlling_process/2 with self()
	    as the second argument caused the port to leak if self()
	    crashes. (Thanks to Ricardo Catalinas Jim�nez)</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-10094</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    When sending large files using the file:sendfile fallback
	    file:sendfile would crash. This is now fixed.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-10098</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Fix rpc:call/5 for local calls with a finite Timeout
	    (Thanks to Tomer Chachamu)</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-10149</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    fix escript/primary archive reloading</p>
          <p>
	    If the mtime of an escript/primary archive file changes
	    after being added to the code path, correctly reload the
	    archive and update the cache. (Thanks to Tuncer Ayaz)</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-10151</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Support added for home directories named with non-ASCII
	    characters (codepoints above 127) on a system running in
	    Unicode file mode (e.g. on MacOSX or Linux with startup
	    arguments +fnu or +fna with the right LOCALE). Also
	    environment variables with Unicode content are supported
	    in applicable environments.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-10160</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Allow mixed IPv4 and IPv6 addresses to sctp_bindx</p>
          <p>
	    Also allow mixed address families to bind, since the
	    first address on a multihomed sctp socket must be bound
	    with bind, while the rest are to be bound using
	    sctp_bindx. At least Linux supports adding address of
	    mixing families. Make inet_set_faddress function
	    available also when HAVE_SCTP is not defined, since we
	    use it to find an address for bind to be able to mix ipv4
	    and ipv6 addresses. Thanks to Tomas Abrahamsson</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-10217</p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>


    <section><title>Improvements and New Features</title>
      <list>
        <item>
	    <p>Document inet options: high_watermark, priority,
	    linger and a some other options that previously was
	    undocumented.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-10053</p>
        </item>
        <item>
	    <p>Remove bit8 option support from inet</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-10056</p>
        </item>
        <item>
	    <p> The type of the disk log header has been corrected.
	    (Thanks to Niclas Eklund.) </p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-10131</p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>

</section>

<section><title>Kernel 2.15.1</title>

    <section><title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
      <list>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Driver output has been corrected so output of large
	    binaries (> 4 GiB) now does not silently fail or crash
	    the emulator, but either outputs the binary or fails the
	    call. This means that writing a binary > 4 Gib to file
	    now works but on e.g 64-bit Windows (that has
	    scatter/gather I/O buffer segment lengths of 32 bits)
	    fails. The behaviour may change in the future to always
	    write the binary, in parts if necessary.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-9820 Aux Id: OTP-9795 </p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    erts: minor fix for unnecessary condition erts: change
	    SENDFILE_CHUNK_SIZE from signed to unsigned (Thanks to
	    jovi zhang)</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-9872</p>
        </item>
        <item>
	    <p> Two contracts in <c>gen_sctp</c> have been corrected.
	    </p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-9874</p>
        </item>
        <item>
	    <p>If a process calls a module with an running on_load
	    handler, the process is supposed to be suspended. But if
	    the module with the on_load handler was loading used
	    <c>code:load_binary/3</c>, the call would instead fail
	    with an <c>undef</c> exception.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-9875</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    File name and error reason is now returned if creation of
	    a cookie fails. (Thanks to Magnus Henoch)</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-9954</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Fix port leak in <c>zlib</c> when passing invalid data to
	    <c>compress,uncompress,zip,unzip,gzip,gunzip</c>.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-9981</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Various typographical errors corrected in documentation
	    for the global, error_logger, etop, lists, ets and
	    supervisor modules and in the c_portdriver and kernel_app
	    documentation. (Thanks to Ricardo Catalinas Jim�nez)</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-9987</p>
        </item>
        <item>
	    <p> Fix returned error from gen_tcp:accept/1,2 when
	    running out of ports
          <p>
	    The {error, enfile} return value is badly misleading and
	    confusing for this case, since the Posix ENFILE errno
	    value has a well-defined meaning that has nothing to do
	    with Erlang ports. The fix changes the return value to
	    {error, system_limit}, which is consistent with e.g.
	    various file(3) functions. inet:format_error/1 has also
	    been updated to support system_limit in the same manner
	    as file:format_error/1. (Thanks to Per Hedeland)</p></p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-9990</p>
        </item>
        <item>
	    <p><c>erts_debug:size/1</c> has been corrected to take
	    sharing in the environment of funs into account. For funs
	    it used to always give the same result as
	    <c>erts_debug:flat_size/1</c>.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-9991</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    In some cases when the process doing file:sendfile
	    crashes while sending the file the efile_drv code would
	    not clean up after itself correctly. This has now been
	    fixed.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-9993</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    On BSD based platforms file:sendfile would sometime go
	    into an infinite loop when sending big files. This has
	    now been fixed.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-9994</p>
        </item>
        <item>
	    <p>While <c>disk_log</c> eagerly collects logged terms
	    for better performance, collecting too much data may
	    choke the system and cause huge binaries to be
	    written.</p>
	    <p>The problem was addressed in OTP-9764, but the
	    situation was not improved in all cases.</p>
	    <p>(Thanks to Richard Carlsson.)</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-9999 Aux Id: OTP-9764 </p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    The documentation of .app files incorrectly said that the
	    default value for the <c>mod</c> parameter is
	    <c>undefined</c>. This is now corrected to <c>[]</c>.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-10002</p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>

</section>

<section><title>Kernel 2.15</title>

    <section><title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
      <list>
        <item>
	    <p> Calls to <c>global:whereis_name/1</c> have been
	    substituted for calls to
	    <c>global:safe_whereis_name/1</c> since the latter is not
	    safe at all.</p>
	    <p>The reason for not doing this earlier is that setting
	    a global lock masked out a bug concerning the restart of
	    supervised children. The bug has now been fixed by a
	    modification of <c>global:whereis_name/1</c>. (Thanks to
	    Ulf Wiger for code contribution.)</p>
	    <p>A minor race conditions in <c>gen_fsm:start*</c> has
	    been fixed: if one of these functions returned <c>{error,
	    Reason}</c> or ignore, the name could still be registered
	    (either locally or in <c>global</c>. (This is the same
	    modification as was done for gen_server in OTP-7669.)</p>
	    <p>The undocumented function
	    <c>global:safe_whereis_name/1</c> has been removed. </p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-9212 Aux Id: seq7117, OTP-4174 </p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Honor option <c>packet_size</c> for http packet parsing
	    by both TCP socket and <c>erlang:decode_packet</c>. This
	    gives the ability to accept HTTP headers larger than the
	    default setting, but also avoid DoS attacks by accepting
	    lines only up to whatever length you wish to allow. For
	    consistency, packet type <c>line</c> also honor option
	    <c>packet_size</c>. (Thanks to Steve Vinoski)</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-9389</p>
        </item>
        <item>
	    <p> <c>disk_log:reopen/2,3</c> and
	    <c>disk_log:breopen/3</c> could return the error reason
	    from <c>file:rename/2</c> rather than the reason
	    <c>{file_error, Filename, Reason}</c>. This bug has been
	    fixed. </p> <p> The message <c>{disk_log, Node, {error,
	    disk_log_stopped}}</c> which according the documentation
	    is sent upon failure to truncate or reopen a disk log was
	    sometimes turned into a reply. This bug has been fixed.
	    </p>
          <p>
	    *** POTENTIAL INCOMPATIBILITY ***</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-9508</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Environment variable 'shutdown_timeout' is added to
	    kernel application. Earlier, application_controller would
	    hang forever if an application top supervisor did not
	    terminate upon a shutdown request. If this new
	    environment variable is set to a positive integer T, then
	    application controller will now give up after T
	    milliseconds and instead brutally kill the application.
	    For backwards compatibility, the default value for
	    shutdown_timeout is 'infinity'.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-9540</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Add '-callback' attributes in stdlib's behaviours</p>
          <p>
	    Replace the behaviour_info(callbacks) export in stdlib's
	    behaviours with -callback' attributes for all the
	    callbacks. Update the documentation with information on
	    the callback attribute Automatically generate
	    'behaviour_info' function from '-callback' attributes</p>
          <p>
	    'behaviour_info(callbacks)' is a special function that is
	    defined in a module which describes a behaviour and
	    returns a list of its callbacks.</p>
          <p>
	    This function is now automatically generated using the
	    '-callback' specs. An error is returned by lint if user
	    defines both '-callback' attributes and the
	    behaviour_info/1 function. If no type info is needed for
	    a callback use a generic spec for it. Add '-callback'
	    attribute to language syntax</p>
          <p>
	    Behaviours may define specs for their callbacks using the
	    familiar spec syntax, replacing the '-spec' keyword with
	    '-callback'. Simple lint checks are performed to ensure
	    that no callbacks are defined twice and all types
	    referred are declared.</p>
          <p>
	    These attributes can be then used by tools to provide
	    documentation to the behaviour or find discrepancies in
	    the callback definitions in the callback module.</p>
          <p>
	    Add callback specs into 'application' module in kernel
	    Add callback specs to tftp module following internet
	    documentation Add callback specs to inets_service module
	    following possibly deprecated comments</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-9621</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    make tab completion work in remote shells (Thanks to Mats
	    Cronqvist)</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-9673</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Add missing parenthesis in heart doc.</p>
          <p>
	    Add missing spaces in the Reference Manual distributed
	    section.</p>
          <p>
	    In the HTML version of the doc those spaces are necessary
	    to separate those words.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-9693</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Fixes net_kernel:get_net_ticktime() doc</p>
          <p>
	    Adds missing description when `ignored' is returned.
	    (Thanks to Ricardo Catalinas Jim�nez )</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-9713</p>
        </item>
        <item>
	    <p> While <c>disk_log</c> eagerly collects logged terms
	    for better performance, collecting too much data may
	    choke the system and cause huge binaries to be written.
	    In order to remedy the situation a (small) limit on the
	    amount of data that is collected before writing to disk
	    has been introduced. </p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-9764</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    <list> <item><p>Correct callback spec in application
	    module</p></item> <item><p>Refine warning about callback
	    specs with extra ranges</p></item> <item><p>Cleanup
	    autoimport compiler directives</p></item> <item><p>Fix
	    Dialyzer's warnings in typer</p></item> <item><p>Fix
	    Dialyzer's warning for its own code</p></item>
	    <item><p>Fix bug in Dialyzer's behaviours
	    analysis</p></item> <item><p>Fix crash in
	    Dialyzer</p></item> <item><p>Variable substitution was
	    not generalizing any unknown variables.</p></item>
	    </list></p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-9776</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Fix a crash when file:change_time/2,3 are called with
	    invalid dates</p>
          <p>
	    Calling file:change_time/2,3 with an invalid date tuple
	    (e.g file:change_time("file.txt", {undefined,
	    undefined})) will cause file_server_2 to crash.
	    error_logger will shutdown and the whole VM will stop.
	    Change behavior to validate given dates on system
	    boundaries. (i.e before issuing a server call).(Thanks to
	    Ahmed Omar)</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-9785</p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>


    <section><title>Improvements and New Features</title>
      <list>
        <item>
	    <p> An option list argument can now be passed to
	    <c>file:read_file_info/2, file:read_link_info/2</c> and
	    <c>file:write_file_info/3</c> and set time type
	    information in the call. Valid options are <c>{time,
	    local}, {time, universal}</c> and <c>{time, posix}</c>.
	    In the case of <c>posix</c> time no conversions are made
	    which makes the operation a bit faster. </p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-7687</p>
        </item>
        <item>
	    <p><c>file:list_dir/1,2</c> will now fill an buffer
	    entire with filenames from the efile driver before
	    sending it to an erlang process. This will speed up this
	    file operation in most cases.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-9023</p>
        </item>
        <item>
	    <p>gen_sctp:open/0-2 may now return
	    {error,eprotonosupport} if SCTP is not supported</p>
	    <p>gen_sctp:peeloff/1 has been implemented and creates a
	    one-to-one socket which also are supported now</p>
          <p>
	    *** POTENTIAL INCOMPATIBILITY ***</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-9239</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Sendfile has been added to the file module's API.
	    sendfile/2 is used to read data from a file and send it
	    to a tcp socket using a zero copying mechanism if
	    available on that OS.</p>
          <p>
	    Thanks to Tuncer Ayaz and Steve Vinovski for original
	    implementation</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-9240</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Tuple funs (a two-element tuple with a module name and a
	    function) are now officially deprecated and will be
	    removed in R16. Use '<c>fun M:F/A</c>' instead. To make
	    you aware that your system uses tuple funs, the very
	    first time a tuple fun is applied, a warning will be sent
	    to the error logger.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-9649</p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>

</section>

<section><title>Kernel 2.14.5</title>

    <section><title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
      <list>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Fix type of Packet arg of gen_tcp:send/2 and
	    gen_udp:send/4</p>
          <p>
	    The type is marked as a binary() or a string() but in
	    practice it can be an iodata(). The test suite was
	    updated to confirm the gen_tcp/2 and gen_udp:send/4
	    functions accept iodata() (iolists) packets. (Thanks to
	    Filipe David Manana)</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-9514</p>
        </item>
        <item>
	    <p> XML files have been corrected. </p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-9550 Aux Id: OTP-9541 </p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>


    <section><title>Improvements and New Features</title>
      <list>
        <item>
	    <p> The types and specifications of the inet modules have
	    been improved. </p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-9260</p>
        </item>
        <item>
	    <p> Types and specifications have been added. </p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-9356</p>
        </item>
        <item>
	    <p> Contracts in STDLIB and Kernel have been improved and
	    type errors have been corrected. </p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-9485</p>
        </item>
        <item>
	    <p> Update documentation and specifications of some of
	    the zlib functions. </p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-9506</p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>

</section>

<section><title>Kernel 2.14.4</title>

    <section><title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
      <list>
        <item>
          <p>
	    The send_timeout option in gen_tcp did not work properly
	    in active mode or with {active,once} options. This is now
	    corrected.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-9145</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Fixed various typos across the documentation (Thanks to
	    Tuncer Ayaz)</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-9154</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Fix typo in doc of rpc:pmap/3 (Thanks to Ricardo
	    Catalinas Jim�nez)</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-9168</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    A bug in inet_res, the specialized DNS resolver, has been
	    corrected. A late answer with unfortunate timing could
	    cause a runtime exception. Some code cleanup and
	    improvements also tagged along. Thanks to Evegeniy
	    Khramtsov for a pinpointing bug report and bug fix
	    testing.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-9221 Aux Id: OTP-8712 </p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>


    <section><title>Improvements and New Features</title>
      <list>
        <item>
	    <p> Types and specifications have been added. </p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-9268</p>
        </item>
        <item>
	    <p> Erlang types and specifications are used for
	    documentation. </p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-9272</p>
        </item>
        <item>
	    <p> Two opaque types that could cause warnings when
	    running Dialyzer have been modified. </p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-9337</p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>

</section>

<section><title>Kernel 2.14.3</title>

    <section><title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
      <list>
        <item>
          <p>
	    <c>os:find_executable/{1,2}</c> will no longer return the
	    path of a directory that happens to be in the PATH.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-8983 Aux Id: seq11749 </p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Fix -spec for file:write_file/3</p>
          <p>
	    Change type for second parameter from binary() to
	    iodata(), since the function explicitly takes steps to
	    accept lists as well as binaries. (thanks to Magnus
	    Henoch).</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-9067</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Sanitize the specs of the code module</p>
          <p>
	    After the addition of unicode_binary() to the
	    file:filename() type, dialyzer started complaining about
	    erroneous or incomplete specs in some functions of the
	    'code' module. The culprit was hard-coded information in
	    erl_bif_types for functions of this module, which were
	    not updated. Since these functions have proper specs
	    these days and code duplication (pun intended) is never a
	    good idea, their type information was removed from
	    erl_bif_types.</p>
          <p>
	    While doing this, some erroneous comments were fixed in
	    the code module and also made sure that the code now runs
	    without dialyzer warnings even when the
	    -Wunmatched_returns option is used.</p>
          <p>
	    Some cleanups were applied to erl_bif_types too.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-9100</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    - Add spec for function that does not return - Strenghen
	    spec - Introduce types to avoid duplication in specs -
	    Add specs for functions that do not return - Add specs
	    for behaviour callbacks - Simplify two specs</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-9127</p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>

</section>

<section><title>Kernel 2.14.2</title>

    <section><title>Improvements and New Features</title>
      <list>
        <item>
          <p>
	    The Erlang VM now supports Unicode filenames. The feature
	    is turned on by default on systems where Unicode
	    filenames are mandatory (Windows and MacOSX), but can be
	    enabled on other systems with the '+fnu' emulator option.
	    Enabling the Unicode filename feature on systems where it
	    is not default is however considered experimental and not
	    to be used for production. Together with the Unicode file
	    name support, the concept of "raw filenames" is
	    introduced, which means filenames provided without
	    implicit unicode encoding translation. Raw filenames are
	    provided as binaries, not lists. For further information,
	    see stdlib users guide and the chapter about using
	    Unicode in Erlang. Also see the file module manual page.</p>
          <p>
	    *** POTENTIAL INCOMPATIBILITY ***</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-8887</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    There is now a new function inet:getifaddrs/0 modeled
	    after C library function getifaddrs() on BSD and LInux
	    that reports existing interfaces and their addresses on
	    the host. This replaces the undocumented and unsupported
	    inet:getiflist/0 and inet:ifget/2.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-8926</p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>

</section>

<section><title>Kernel 2.14.1.1</title>

    <section><title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
      <list>
        <item>
	    <p>In embedded mode, on_load handlers that called
	    <c>code:priv_dir/1</c> or other functions in <c>code</c>
	    would hang the system. Since the <c>crypto</c>
	    application now contains an on_loader handler that calls
	    <c>code:priv_dir/1</c>, including the <c>crypto</c>
	    application in the boot file would prevent the system
	    from starting.</p>
	    <p>Also extended the <c>-init_debug</c> option to print
	    information about on_load handlers being run to
	    facilitate debugging.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-8902 Aux Id: seq11703 </p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>

</section>

<section><title>Kernel 2.14.1</title>

    <section><title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
      <list>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Fixed: inet:setopts(S, [{linger,{true,2}}]) returned
	    {error,einval} for SCTP sockets. The inet_drv had a bug
	    when checking the option size.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-8726 Aux Id: seq11617 </p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    gen_udp:connect/3 was broken for SCTP enabled builds. It
	    did not detect remote end errors as it should.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-8729</p>
        </item>
        <item>
	    <p>reference() has been substituted for ref() in the
	    documentation.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-8733</p>
        </item>
        <item>
	    <p>A bug introduced in kernel-2.13.5.3 has been fixed. If
	    running <c>net_kernel:set_net_ticktime/1</c> twice within
	    the <c>TransitionPerod</c> the second call caused the
	    net_kernel process to crash with a <c>badmatch</c>.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-8787 Aux Id: seq11657, OTP-8643 </p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    inet:getsockopt for SCTP sctp_default_send_param had a
	    bug to not initialize required feilds causing random
	    answers. It is now corrected.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-8795 Aux Id: seq11655 </p>
        </item>
        <item>
	    <p>For a socket in the HTTP packet mode, the return value
	    from <c>gen_tcp:recv/2,3</c> if there is an error in the
	    header will be <c>{ok,{http_error,String}}</c> instead of
	    <c>{error,{http_error,String}}</c> to be consistent with
	    <c>ssl:recv/2,3</c>.</p>
          <p>
	    *** POTENTIAL INCOMPATIBILITY ***</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-8831</p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>


    <section><title>Improvements and New Features</title>
      <list>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Even when configuring erlang with --enable-native-libs,
	    the native code for modules loaded very early (such as
	    lists) would not get loaded. This has been corrected.
	    (Thanks to Paul Guyot.)</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-8750</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    The undocumented function inet:ifget/2 has been improved
	    to return interface hardware address (MAC) on platforms
	    supporting getaddrinfo() (such as BSD unixes). Note it
	    still does not work on all platforms for example not
	    Windows nor Solaris, so the function is still
	    undocumented.</p>
          <p>
	    Buffer overflow and field init bugs for inet:ifget/2 and
	    inet:getservbyname/2 has also been fixed.</p>
          <p>
	    Thanks to Michael Santos.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-8816</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    As a usability improvement the 'inet6' option to
	    functions gen_tcp:listen/2, gen_tcp:connect/3-4,
	    gen_udp:open/2 and gen_sctp:open/1-2 is now implicit if
	    the address argument or the 'ip' option contain an IPv6
	    address (8-tuple).</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-8822</p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>

</section>

<section><title>Kernel 2.14</title>

    <section><title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
      <list>
        <item>
          <p>
	    os:find_executable can now be fed with the complete name
	    of the executable on Windows and still find it. I.e
	    os:find_executable("werl.exe") will work as
	    os:find_executable("werl").</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-3626</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    The shell's line editing has been improved to more
	    resemble the behaviour of readline and other shells.
	    (Thanks to Dave Peticolas)</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-8635</p>
        </item>
        <item>
	    <p>Under certain circumstances the net kernel could hang.
	    (Thanks to Scott Lystig Fritchie.)</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-8643 Aux Id: seq11584 </p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    The kernel DNS resolver was leaking one or two ports if
	    the DNS reply could not be parsed or if the resolver(s)
	    caused noconnection type errors. Bug now fixed. A DNS
	    specification borderline truncated reply triggering the
	    port leakage bug has also been fixed.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-8652</p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>


    <section><title>Improvements and New Features</title>
      <list>
        <item>
	    <p>As of this version, the global name server no longer
	    supports nodes running Erlang/OTP R11B.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-8527</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    The file module's functions write,read and read_line now
	    handles named io_servers like 'standard_io' and
	    'standard_error' correctly.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-8611</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    The functions file:advise/4 and file:datasync/1 have been
	    added. (Thanks to Filipe David Manana.)</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-8637</p>
        </item>
        <item>
	    <p>When exchanging groups between nodes <c>pg2</c> did
	    not remove duplicated members. This bug was introduced in
	    R13B03 (kernel-2.13.4).</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-8653</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    There is a new option 'exclusive' to file:open/2 that
	    uses the OS O_EXCL flag where supported to open the file
	    in exclusive mode.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-8670</p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>

</section>

<section><title>Kernel 2.13.5.3</title>

    <section><title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
      <list>
        <item>
          <p>
            A bug introduced in Kernel 2.13.5.2 has been fixed.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-8686 Aux Id: OTP-8643</p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>

</section>

<section><title>Kernel 2.13.5.2</title>

    <section><title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
      <list>
        <item>
          <p>
            Under certain circumstances the net kernel could hang.
            (Thanks to Scott Lystig Fritchie.)</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-8643 Aux Id: seq11584</p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>

</section>

<section><title>Kernel 2.13.5.1</title>

    <section><title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
      <list>
        <item>
          <p>
	    A race condition in <c>os:cmd/1</c> could cause the
	    caller to get stuck in <c>os:cmd/1</c> forever.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-8502</p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>

</section>

<section><title>Kernel 2.13.5</title>

    <section><title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
      <list>
        <item>
	    <p>A race bug affecting <c>pg2:get_local_members/1</c>
	    has been fixed. The bug was introduced in R13B03.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-8358</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    The loading of native code was not properly atomic in the
	    SMP emulator, which could cause crashes. Also a per-MFA
	    information table for the native code has now been
	    protected with a lock since it turns that it could be
	    accessed concurrently in the SMP emulator. (Thanks to
	    Mikael Pettersson.)</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-8397</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    user.erl (used in oldshell) is updated to handle unicode
	    in prompt strings (io:get_line/{1,2}). io_lib is also
	    updated to format prompts with the 't' modifier (i.e. ~ts
	    instead of ~s).</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-8418 Aux Id: OTP-8393 </p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    The resolver routines failed to look up the own node name
	    as hostname, if the OS native resolver was erroneously
	    configured, bug reported by Yogish Baliga, now fixed.</p>
          <p>
	    The resolver routines now tries to parse the hostname as
	    an IP string as most OS resolvers do, unless the native
	    resolver is used.</p>
          <p>
	    The DNS resolver inet_res and file resolver inet_hosts
	    now do not read OS configuration files until they are
	    needed. Since the native resolver is default, in most
	    cases they are never needed.</p>
          <p>
	    The DNS resolver's automatic updating of OS configuration
	    file data (/etc/resolv.conf) now uses the 'domain'
	    keyword as default search domain if there is no 'search'
	    keyword.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-8426 Aux Id: OTP-8381 </p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>


    <section><title>Improvements and New Features</title>
      <list>
        <item>
          <p>
	    The expected return value for an on_load function has
	    been changed. (See the section about code loading in the
	    Reference manual.)</p>
          <p>
	    *** POTENTIAL INCOMPATIBILITY ***</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-8339</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Explicit top directories in archive files are now
	    optional.</p>
          <p>
	    For example, if an archive (app-vsn.ez) just contains an
	    app-vsn/ebin/mod.beam file, the file info for the app-vsn
	    and app-vsn/ebin directories are faked using the file
	    info from the archive file as origin. The virtual
	    direcories can also be listed. For short, the top
	    directories are virtual if they does not exist.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-8387</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    <c>code:clash/0</c> now looks inside archives (.ez
	    files). (Thanks to Tuncer Ayaz.)</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-8413</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    There are new <c>gen_sctp:connect_init/*</c> functions
	    that initiate an SCTP connection without blocking for the
	    result. The result is delivered asynchronously as an
	    sctp_assoc_change event. (Thanks to Simon Cornish.)</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-8414</p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>

</section>

<section><title>Kernel 2.13.4</title>

    <section><title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
      <list>
        <item>
	    <p>A link in <c>pg2(3)</c> has been fixed. (Thanks to
	    Christophe Romain.)</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-8198</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    A ticker process could potentially be blocked
	    indefinitely trying to send a tick to a node not
	    responding. If this happened, the connection would not be
	    brought down as it should.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-8218</p>
        </item>
        <item>
	    <p>A bug in <c>pg2</c> when members who died did not
	    leave process groups has been fixed. (Thanks to Matthew
	    Dempsky.)</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-8259</p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>


    <section><title>Improvements and New Features</title>
      <list>
        <item>
          <p>
	    The documentation is now built with open source tools
	    (xsltproc and fop) that exists on most platforms. One
	    visible change is that the frames are removed.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-8201</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    The top directory in archive files does not need to have
	    a <c>-vsn</c> suffix anymore. For example if the archive
	    file has the name like <c>mnesia-4.4.7.ez</c> the top
	    directory in the archive can either be named
	    <c>mnesia</c> or <c>mnesia-4.4.7</c>. If the archive file
	    has a name like <c>mnesia.ez</c> the top directory in the
	    archive must be named <c>mnesia</c> as earlier.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-8266</p>
        </item>
        <item>
	    <p>The -on_load() directive can be used to run a function
	    when a module is loaded. It is documented in the section
	    about code loading in the Reference Manual.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-8295</p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>

</section>

<section><title>Kernel 2.13.3</title>

    <section><title>Improvements and New Features</title>
      <list>
        <item>
	    <p> The DNS resolver client inet_res has been rewritten,
	    documented and released. See inet_res(3) and Erts User's
	    Guide: Inet configuration. </p><p> It can formally not be
	    incompatible with respect to earlier versions since there
	    was no earlier official version. However it was used
	    before and some details have changed. </p><p>
	    Configuration now initializes from /etc/resolv.conf and
	    /etc/hosts on all unix platforms regardless of which
	    distribution mode the node is started in. The directory
	    (/etc) these files are supposed to reside in can be
	    changed via an environment variable. These configuration
	    file locations can also be changed in the inet
	    configuration. The files are monitored for change and
	    re-read, which makes a few resolver configuration
	    variables out of application control. The /etc/hosts
	    entries have now their own cache table that is shadowed
	    (with lookup method 'file' is used) by the application
	    configured host entries. This problem (that inet_res
	    configuration only worked for distribution mode long
	    names) was among other reported by Matthew O'Gorman many
	    moons ago. </p><p> The lookup methods are still 'native'
	    only per default. Resolver configuration is done on all
	    Unix platforms just to get a usable configuration for
	    direct calls to inet_res. </p><p> The functions
	    <c>inet_res:nslookup/3..5</c> and
	    <c>inet_res:nnslookup/4..4</c> are no longer recommended
	    to use, instead use <c>inet_res:lookup/3..5</c> and
	    <c>inet_res:resolve/3..5</c> which provide clearer
	    argument types and the possibility to override options in
	    the call. </p><p> Users of previous unsupported versions
	    of inet_res have included internal header files to get to
	    the internal record definitions in order to examine DNS
	    replies. This is still unsupported and there are access
	    functions in inet_dns to use instead. These are
	    documented in inet_res(3). </p><p> Bug fix: a compression
	    reference loop would make DNS message decoding loop
	    forever. Problem reported by Florian Weimer. </p><p> Bug
	    fix and patch suggestion by Sergei Golovan: configuring
	    IPv6 nameservers did not work. His patch (as he warned)
	    created many UDP sockets; one per nameserver. This has
	    been fixed in the released version. </p><p> Improvement:
	    <c>inet_res</c> is now EDNS0 capable. The current
	    implementation is simple and does not probe and cache
	    EDNS info for nameservers, which a fully capable
	    implementation probably should do. EDNS has to be enabled
	    via resolver configuration, and if a nameserver replies
	    that it does not support EDNS, <c>inet_res</c> falls back
	    to a regular DNS query. </p><p> Improvement: now
	    <c>inet_res</c> automatically falls back to TCP if it
	    gets a truncated answer from a nameserver. </p><p>
	    Warning: some of the ancient and exotic record types
	    handled by <c>inet_res</c> and <c>inet_dns</c> are not
	    supported by current versions of BIND, so they could not
	    be tested after the rewrite, with reasonable effort, e.g
	    MD, MF, NULL, and SPF. The risk for bugs in these
	    particular records is still low since their code is
	    mostly shared with other tested record types. </p>
          <p>
	    *** POTENTIAL INCOMPATIBILITY ***</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-7955 Aux Id: OTP-7107 OTP-6852 </p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    A TCP socket with option <c>{packet,4}</c> could crash
	    the emulator if it received a packet header with a very
	    large size value (>2Gb). The same bug caused
	    <c>erlang:decode_packet/3</c> to return faulty values.
	    (Thanks to Georgos Seganos.)</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-8102</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    The file module has now a read_line/1 function similar to
	    the io:get_line/2, but with byte oriented semantics. The
	    function file:read_line/1 works for raw files as well,
	    but for good performance it is recommended to use it
	    together with the 'read_ahead' option for raw file
	    access.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-8108</p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>

</section>

<section><title>Kernel 2.13.2</title>

    <section><title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
      <list>
        <item>
          <p>
	    A bug when doing io:get_line (among other calls) from a
	    file opened with encoding other than latin1, causing
	    false unicode errors to occur, is now corrected.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-7974</p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>


    <section><title>Improvements and New Features</title>
      <list>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Added functionality to get higher resolution timestamp
	    from system. The erlang:now function returns a timestamp
	    that's not always consistent with the actual operating
	    system time (due to resilience against large time changes
	    in the operating system). The function os:timestamp/0 is
	    added to get a similar timestamp as the one being
	    returned by erlang:now, but untouched by Erlangs time
	    correcting and smoothing algorithms. The timestamp
	    returned by os:timestamp is always consistent with the
	    operating systems view of time, like the calendar
	    functions for getting wall clock time, but with higher
	    resolution. Example of usage can be found in the os
	    manual page.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-7971</p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>

</section>

<section><title>Kernel 2.13.1</title>

    <section><title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
      <list>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Many concurrent calls to <c>os:cmd/1</c> will only block
	    one scheduler thread at a time, making an smp emulator
	    more responsive if the OS is slow forking processes.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-7890 Aux Id: seq11219 </p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Fixed hanging early RPC that did IO operation during node
	    start.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-7903 Aux Id: seq11224 </p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    The error behavior of gen_tcp and gen_udp has been
	    corrected. gen_tcp:connect/3,4 and gen_udp:send/4 now
	    returns {error,eafnosupport} for conflicting destination
	    address versus socket address family. Other corner cases
	    for IP address string host names combined with not using
	    the native (OS) resolver (which is not default) has also
	    been changed to return {error,nxdomain} instead of
	    {error,einval}. Those changes just may surprise old
	    existing code. gen_tcp:listen/2 and gen_udp:open/2 now
	    fails for conflicting local address versus socket address
	    family instead of trying to use an erroneous address.
	    Problem reported by Per Hedeland.</p>
          <p>
	    *** POTENTIAL INCOMPATIBILITY ***</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-7929</p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>


    <section><title>Improvements and New Features</title>
      <list>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Several glitches and performance issues in the Unicode
	    and I/O-system implementation of R13A have been
	    corrected.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-7896 Aux Id: OTP-7648 OTP-7887 </p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    The unsupported DNS resolver client inet_res has now been
	    improved to handle NAPTR queries.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-7925 Aux Id: seq11231 </p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>

</section>


<section><title>Kernel 2.13</title>

    <section><title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
      <list>
        <item>
          <p>
	    The old Erlang DNS resolver inet_res has been corrected
	    to handle TXT records with more than one character
	    string. Patch courtesy of Geoff Cant.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-7588</p>
        </item>
        <item>
	    <p>When chunk reading a disk log opened in read_only
	    mode, bad terms could crash the disk log process.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-7641 Aux Id: seq11090 </p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    <c>gen_tcp:send()</c> did sometimes (only observed on
	    Solaris) return <c>{error,enotconn}</c> instead of the
	    expected <c>{error,closed}</c> as the peer socket had
	    been explicitly closed.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-7647</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    The gen_sctp option sctp_peer_addr_params,
	    #sctp_paddrparams{address={IP,Port} was erroneously
	    decoded in the inet driver. This bug has now been
	    corrected.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-7755</p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>


    <section><title>Improvements and New Features</title>
      <list>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Erlang programs can now access STDERR on platforms where
	    such a file descriptor is available by using the
	    io_server 'standard_error', i.e.
	    io:format(standard_error,"~s~n",[ErrorMessage]),</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-6688</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    The format of the string returned by
	    <c>erlang:system_info(system_version)</c> (as well as the
	    first message when Erlang is started) has changed. The
	    string now contains the both the OTP version number as
	    well as the erts version number.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-7649</p>
        </item>
        <item>
	    <p>As of this version, the global name server no longer
	    supports nodes running Erlang/OTP R10B.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-7661</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    A <c>{nodedown, Node}</c> message passed by the
	    <c>net_kernel:monitor_nodes/X</c> functionality is now
	    guaranteed to be sent after <c>Node</c> has been removed
	    from the result returned by <c>erlang:nodes/Y</c>.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-7725</p>
        </item>
        <item>
	    <p>The deprecated functions <c>erlang:fault/1</c>,
	    <c>erlang:fault/2</c>, and <c>file:rawopen/2</c> have
	    been removed.</p>
          <p>
	    *** POTENTIAL INCOMPATIBILITY ***</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-7812</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Nodes belonging to different independent clusters can now
	    co-exist on the same host with the help of a new
	    environment variable setting ERL_EPMD_PORT.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-7826</p>
        </item>
        <item>
	    <p>The copyright notices have been updated.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-7851</p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>

</section>

<section><title>Kernel 2.12.5.1</title>

    <section><title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
      <list>
        <item>
	    <p>When chunk reading a disk log opened in read_only
	    mode, bad terms could crash the disk log process.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-7641 Aux Id: seq11090 </p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Calling <c>gen_tcp:send()</c> from several processes on
	    socket with option <c>send_timeout</c> could lead to much
	    longer timeout than specified. The solution is a new
	    socket option <c>{send_timeout_close,true}</c> that will
	    do automatic close on timeout. Subsequent calls to send
	    will then immediately fail due to the closed connection.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-7731 Aux Id: seq11161 </p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>

</section>

<section><title>Kernel 2.12.5</title>

    <section><title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
      <list>
        <item>
	    <p>The documentation of <c>rpc:pmap/3</c> has been
	    corrected. (Thanks to Kirill Zaborski.)</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-7537</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    The listen socket used for the distributed Erlang
	    protocol now uses the socket option 'reuseaddr', which is
	    useful when you force the listen port number using kernel
	    options 'inet_dist_listen_min' and 'inet_dist_listen_max'
	    and restarts a node with open connections.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-7563</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Fixed memory leak of unclosed TCP-ports. A gen_tcp:send()
	    followed by a failing gen_tcp:recv() could in some cases
	    cause the port to linger after being closed.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-7615</p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>


    <section><title>Improvements and New Features</title>
      <list>
        <item>
	    <p>Processes spawned using <c>proc_lib</c> (including
	    <c>gen_server</c> and other library modules that use
	    <c>proc_lib</c>) no longer keep the entire argument list
	    for the initial call, but only the arity.</p>
	    <p>Also, if <c>proc_lib:spawn/1</c> is used to spawn a
	    fun, the actual fun is not kept, but only module,
	    function name, and arity of the function that implements
	    the fun.</p>
	    <p>The reason for the change is that keeping the initial
	    fun (or a fun in an argument list), would prevent
	    upgrading the code for the module. A secondary reason is
	    that keeping the fun and function arguments could waste a
	    significant amount of memory.</p>
	    <p>The drawback with the change is that the crash reports
	    will provide less precise information about the initial
	    call (only <c>Module:Function/Arity</c> instead of
	    <c>Module:Function(Arguments)</c>). The function
	    <c>proc_lib:initial_call/1</c> still returns a list, but
	    each argument has been replaced with a dummy atom.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-7531 Aux Id: seq11036 </p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    <c>io:get_line/1</c> when reading from standard input is
	    now substantially faster. There are also some minor
	    performance improvements in <c>io:get_line/1</c> when
	    reading from any file opened in binary mode. (Thanks to
	    Fredrik Svahn.)</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-7542</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    There is now experimental support for loading of code
	    from archive files. See the documentation of <c>code</c>,
	    <c>init</c>, <c>erl_prim_loader </c> and <c>escript</c>
	    for more info.</p>
          <p>
	    The error handling of <c>escripts</c> has been improved.</p>
          <p>
	    An <c>escript</c> may now set explicit arguments to the
	    emulator, such as <c>-smp enabled</c>.</p>
          <p>
	    An <c>escript</c> may now contain a precompiled beam
	    file.</p>
          <p>
	    An <c>escript</c> may now contain an archive file
	    containing one or more applications (experimental).</p>
          <p>
	    The internal module <c>code_aux</c> has been removed.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-7548 Aux Id: otp-6622 </p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    <c>code:is_sticky/1</c> is now documented. (Thanks to
	    Vlad Dumitrescu.)</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-7561</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    In the job control mode, the "s" and "r" commands now
	    take an optional argument to specify which shell to
	    start. (Thanks to Robert Virding.)</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-7617</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    <c>net_adm:world/0,1</c> could crash if called in an
	    emulator that has not been started with either the
	    <c>-sname</c> or <c>-name</c> option; now it will return
	    an empty list. (Thanks to Edwin Fine.)</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-7618</p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>

</section>

<section><title>Kernel 2.12.4</title>

    <section><title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
      <list>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Large files are now handled on Windows, where the
	    filesystem supports it.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-7410</p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>


    <section><title>Improvements and New Features</title>
      <list>
        <item>
          <p>
	    New BIF <c>erlang:decode_packet/3</c> that extracts a
	    protocol packet from a binary. Similar to the socket
	    option <c>{packet, Type}</c>. Also documented the socket
	    packet type <c>http</c> and made it official.
	    <em>NOTE</em>: The tuple format for <c>http</c> packets
	    sent from an active socket has been changed in an
	    incompatible way.</p>
          <p>
	    *** POTENTIAL INCOMPATIBILITY ***</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-7404</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Setting the <c>{active,once}</c> for a socket (using
	    inets:setopts/2) is now specially optimized (because the
	    <c>{active,once}</c> option is typically used much more
	    frequently than other options).</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-7520</p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>

</section>

<section><title>Kernel 2.12.3</title>

    <section><title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
      <list>
        <item>
          <p>
	    SCTP_ADDR_CONFIRMED events are now handled by gen_sctp.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-7276</p>
        </item>
        <item>
	    <p>When leaving a process group with <c>pg2:leave/2</c>
	    the process was falsely assumed to be a member of the
	    group. This bug has been fixed.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-7277</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    In the Erlang shell, using up and down arrow keys, the
	    wrong previous command could sometimes be retrieved.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-7278</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    The documentation for <c>erlang:trace/3</c> has been
	    corrected.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-7279 Aux Id: seq10927 </p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    In the SMP emulator, there was small risk that
	    <c>code:purge(Mod)</c> would kill a process that was
	    running code in <c>Mod</c> and unload the module
	    <c>Mod</c> before the process had terminated.
	    <c>code:purge(Mod)</c> now waits for confirmation (using
	    <c>erlang:monitor/2</c>) that the process has been killed
	    before proceeding.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-7282</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    <c>zlib:inflate</c> failed when the size of the inflated
	    data was an exact multiple of the internal buffer size
	    (4000 bytes by default).</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-7359</p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>


    <section><title>Improvements and New Features</title>
      <list>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Additional library directories can now be specified in
	    the environment variable ERL_LIBS. See the manual page
	    for the <c>code</c> module. (Thanks to Serge Aleynikov.)</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-6940</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    crypto and zlib drivers improved to allow concurrent smp
	    access.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-7262</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    There is a new function <c>init:stop/1</c> which can be
	    used to shutdown the system cleanly AND generate a
	    non-zero exit status or crash dump. (Thanks to Magnus
	    Froberg.)</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-7308</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    The <c>hide</c> option for <c>open_port/2</c> is now
	    documented. (Thanks to Richard Carlsson.)</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-7358</p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>

</section>


<section><title>Kernel 2.12.2.1</title>

    <section><title>Improvements and New Features</title>
      <list>
        <item>
          <p>
            <c>os:cmd/1</c> on unix platforms now use <c>/bin/sh</c>
            as shell instead of looking for <c>sh</c> in the
            <c>PATH</c> environment.</p>
          <p>
            Own Id: OTP-7283</p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>

</section>
<section><title>Kernel 2.12.2</title>

    <section><title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
      <list>
        <item>
	    <p>A bug caused by a race condition involving
	    <c>disk_log</c> and <c>pg2</c> has been fixed.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-7209 Aux Id: seq10890 </p>
        </item>
        <item>
	    <p>The beta testing module <c>gen_sctp</c> now supports
	    active mode as stated in the documentation. Active mode
	    is still rather untested, and there are some issues about
	    what should be the right semantics for
	    <c>gen_sctp:connect/5</c>. In particular: should it be
	    blocking or non-blocking or choosable. There is a high
	    probability it will change semantics in a (near) future
	    patch.</p> <p>Try it, give comments and send in bug
	    reports!</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-7225</p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>


    <section><title>Improvements and New Features</title>
      <list>
        <item>
	    <p><c>erlang:system_info/1</c> now accepts the
	    <c>logical_processors</c>, and <c>debug_compiled</c>
	    arguments. For more info see the, <c>erlang(3)</c>
	    documentation.</p> <p>The scale factor returned by
	    <c>test_server:timetrap_scale_factor/0</c> is now also
	    effected if the emulator uses a larger amount of
	    scheduler threads than the amount of logical processors
	    on the system. </p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-7175</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Updated the documentation for
	    <c>erlang:function_exported/3</c> and <c>io:format/2</c>
	    functions to no longer state that those functions are
	    kept mainly for backwards compatibility.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-7186</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    A process executing the <c>processes/0</c> BIF can now be
	    preempted by other processes during its execution. This
	    in order to disturb the rest of the system as little as
	    possible. The returned result is, of course, still a
	    consistent snapshot of existing processes at a time
	    during the call to <c>processes/0</c>.</p>
          <p>
	    The documentation of the <c>processes/0</c> BIF and the
	    <c>is_process_alive/1</c> BIF have been updated in order
	    to clarify the difference between an existing process and
	    a process that is alive.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-7213</p>
        </item>
        <item>
	    <p><c>tuple_size/1</c> and <c>byte_size/1</c> have been
	    substituted for <c>size/1</c> in the documentation.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-7244</p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>

</section>

<section><title>Kernel 2.12.1.2</title>

    <section><title>Improvements and New Features</title>
      <list>
        <item>
	    <p>The <c>{allocator_sizes, Alloc}</c> and
	    <c>alloc_util_allocators</c> arguments are now accepted
	    by <c>erlang:system_info/1</c>. For more information see
	    the <c>erlang(3)</c> documentation.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-7167</p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>

</section>

<section><title>Kernel 2.12.1.1</title>

    <section><title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
      <list>
        <item>
          <p>
            Fixed a problem in group that could cause the ssh server
            to lose answers or hang.</p>
          <p>
            Own Id: OTP-7185 Aux Id: seq10871 </p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>
</section>
<section><title>Kernel 2.12.1</title>

    <section><title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
      <list>
        <item>
          <p>
	    file:read/2 and file:consult_stream/1,3 did not use an
	    empty prompt on I/O devices. This bug has now been
	    corrected.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-7013</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    The sctp driver has been updated to work against newer
	    lksctp packages e.g 1.0.7 that uses the API spelling
	    change adaption -> adaptation. Older lksctp (1.0.6) still
	    work. The erlang API in gen_sctp.erl and inet_sctp.hrl
	    now spells 'adaptation' regardless of the underlying C
	    API.</p>
          <p>
	    *** POTENTIAL INCOMPATIBILITY ***</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-7120</p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>


    <section><title>Improvements and New Features</title>
      <list>
        <item>
	    <p>The documentation has been updated so as to reflect
	    the last updates of the Erlang shell as well as the minor
	    modifications of the control sequence <c>p</c> of the
	    <c>io_lib</c> module.</p> <p>Superfluous empty lines have
	    been removed from code examples and from Erlang shell
	    examples.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-6944 Aux Id: OTP-6554, OTP-6911 </p>
        </item>
        <item>
	    <p><c>tuple_size/1</c> and <c>byte_size/1</c> have been
	    substituted for <c>size/1</c>.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-7009</p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>

</section>

<section><title>Kernel 2.12</title>

    <section><title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
      <list>
        <item>
          <p>
	    A bug for raw files when reading 0 bytes returning 'eof'
	    instead of empty data has been corrected.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-6291 Aux Id: OTP-6967 </p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    A bug in gen_udp:fdopen reported by David Baird and also
	    found by Dialyzer has been fixed.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-6836 Aux Id: OTP-6594 </p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Calling <c>error_logger:tty(true)</c> multiple times does
	    not give multiple error log printouts.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-6884 Aux Id: seq10767 </p>
        </item>
        <item>
	    <p>The global name server now ignores <c>nodeup</c>
	    messages when the command line flag <c>-connect_all
	    false</c> has been used. (Thanks to Trevor
	    Woollacott.)</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-6931</p>
        </item>
        <item>
	    <p>file:write_file/3, file:write/2 and file:read/2 could
	    crash (contrary to documentation) for odd enough file
	    system problems, e.g write to full file system. This bug
	    has now been corrected.</p> <p>In this process the file
	    module has been rewritten to produce better error codes.
	    Posix error codes now originate from the OS file system
	    calls or are generated only for very similar causes (for
	    example 'enomem' is generated if a memory allocation
	    fails, and 'einval' is generated if the file handle in
	    Erlang is a file handle but currently invalid).</p>
	    <p>More Erlang-ish error codes are now generated. For
	    example <c>{error,badarg}</c> is now returned from
	    <c>file:close/1</c> if the argument is not of a file
	    handle type. See file(3).</p> <p>The possibility to write
	    a single byte using <c>file:write/2</c> instead of a list
	    or binary of one byte, contradictory to the
	    documentation, has been removed.</p>
          <p>
	    *** POTENTIAL INCOMPATIBILITY ***</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-6967 Aux Id: OTP-6597 OTP-6291 </p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Monitor messages produced by the system monitor
	    functionality, and garbage collect trace messages could
	    contain erroneous heap and/or stack sizes when the actual
	    heaps and/or stacks were huge.</p>
          <p>
	    As of erts version 5.6 the <c>large_heap</c> option to
	    <c>erlang:system_monitor/[1,2]</c> has been modified. The
	    monitor message is sent if the sum of the sizes of all
	    memory blocks allocated for all heap generations is equal
	    to or larger than the specified size. Previously the
	    monitor message was sent if the memory block allocated
	    for the youngest generation was equal to or larger than
	    the specified size.</p>
          <p>
	    *** POTENTIAL INCOMPATIBILITY ***</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-6974 Aux Id: seq10796 </p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
            <c>inet:getopts/2</c> returned random values on Windows
            Vista.</p>
          <p>
            Own Id: OTP-7003</p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>


    <section><title>Improvements and New Features</title>
      <list>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Minor documentation corrections for file:pread/2 and
	    file:pread/3.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-6853</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    The deprecated functions <c>file:file_info/1</c>,
	    <c>init:get_flag/1</c>, <c>init:get_flags/0</c>, and
	    <c>init:get_args/0</c> have been removed.</p>
          <p>
	    *** POTENTIAL INCOMPATIBILITY ***</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-6886</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Contract directives for modules in Kernel and STDLIB.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-6895</p>
        </item>
        <item>
	    <p>The functions io:columns/0, io:columns/1, io:rows/0
	    and io:rows/1 are added to allow the user to get
	    information about the terminal geometry. The shell takes
	    some advantage of this when formatting output. For
	    regular files and other io-devices where height and width
	    are not applicable, the functions return
	    {error,enotsup}.</p>
	    <p>Potential incompatibility: If one has written a custom
	    io-handler, the handler has to either return an error or
	    take care of io-requests regarding terminal height and
	    width. Usually that is no problem as io-handlers, as a
	    rule of thumb, should give an error reply when receiving
	    unknown io-requests, instead of crashing.</p>
          <p>
	    *** POTENTIAL INCOMPATIBILITY ***</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-6933</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    The undocumented and unsupported functions
	    <c>inet:ip_to_bytes/1</c>, <c>inet:ip4_to_bytes/1</c>,
	    <c>inet:ip6_to_bytes/1</c>, and
	    <c>inet:bytes_to_ip6/16</c> have been removed.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-6938</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Added new checksum combine functions to <c>zlib</c>. And
	    fixed a bug in <c>zlib:deflate</c>. Thanks Matthew
	    Dempsky.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-6970</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    The <c>spawn_monitor/1</c> and <c>spawn_monitor/3</c> BIFs
	    are now auto-imported (i.e. they no longer need an
	    <c>erlang:</c> prefix).</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-6975</p>
        </item>
        <item>
	    <p>All functions in the <c>code</c> module now fail with
	    an exception if they are called with obviously bad
	    arguments, such as a tuple when an atom was expected.
	    Some functions now also fail for undocumented argument
	    types (for instance, <c>ensure_loaded/1</c> now only
	    accepts an atom as documented; it used to accept a string
	    too).</p>
	    <p><c>Dialyzer</c> will generally emit warnings for any
	    calls that use undocumented argument types. Even if the
	    call happens to still work in R12B, you should correct
	    your code. A future release will adhere to the
	    documentation.</p>
          <p>
	    *** POTENTIAL INCOMPATIBILITY ***</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-6983</p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>

</section>

<section><title>Kernel 2.11.5.2</title>

    <section><title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
      <list>
        <item>
          <p>
            The kernel parameter dist_auto_connect once could fail to
            block a node if massive parallel sends were issued
            during a transient failure of network communication</p>
          <p>
            Own Id: OTP-6893 Aux Id: seq10753 </p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>

</section>

<section><title>Kernel 2.11.5.1</title>

    <section><title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
      <list>
        <item>
          <p>
	    The internal (rarely used) DNS resolver has been modified
	    to not use the domain search list when asked to resolve
	    an absolute name; a name with a terminating dot. There
	    was also a bug causing it to create malformed DNS queries
	    for absolute names that has been corrected, correction
	    suggested by Scott Lystig Fritchie. The code has also
	    been corrected to look up cached RRs in the same search
	    order as non-cached, now allows having the root domain
	    among the search domains, and can now actually do a zone
	    transfer request.</p>
          <p>
	    *** POTENTIAL INCOMPATIBILITY ***</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-6806 Aux Id: seq10714 EABln35459 </p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    zlib:close/1 would leave an EXIT message in the message
	    queue if the calling process had the trap_exit flag
	    enabled.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-6811</p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>


    <section><title>Improvements and New Features</title>
      <list>
        <item>
	    <p>The documentation of <c>process_flag(priority,
	    Level)</c> has been updated, see the <c>erlang(3)</c>
	    documentation. </p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-6745 Aux Id: OTP-6715 </p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>

</section>

  <section>
    <title>Kernel 2.11.5</title>

    <section>
      <title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
      <list type="bulleted">
        <item>
          <p>The shell has been updated to fix the following flaws:
            Shell process exit left you with an unresponsive initial
            shell if not using oldshell. Starting a restricted shell
            with a nonexisting callback module resulted in a shell
            where no commands could be used, not even init:stop/0.
            Fun's could not be used as parameters to local shell
            functions (in shell_default or user_default) when
            restricted_shell was active.</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-6537</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>The undocumented feature gen_tcp:fdopen/2 was broken
            in R11B-4. It is now fixed again.</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-6615</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>Corrected cancellation of timers in three places in the
            inet_res module. (Problem found by Dialyzer.)</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-6676</p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>

    <section>
      <title>Improvements and New Features</title>
      <list type="bulleted">
        <item>
          <p>Corrected protocol layer flue for socket options
            SO_LINGER, SO_SNDBUF and SO_RCVBUF, for SCTP.</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-6625 Aux Id: OTP-6336 </p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>The behaviour of the inet option {active,once} on peer
            close is improved and documented.</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-6681</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>The inet option send_timeout for connection oriented
            sockets is added to allow for timeouts in communicating
            send requests to the underlying TCP stack.</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-6684 Aux Id: seq10637 OTP-6681 </p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>Minor Makefile changes.</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-6689 Aux Id: OTP-6742 </p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>The documentation of <c>process_flag(priority, Level)</c> has been updated, see the <c>erlang(3)</c>
            documentation. </p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-6715</p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>
  </section>

  <section>
    <title>Kernel 2.11.4.2</title>

    <section>
      <title>Improvements and New Features</title>
      <list type="bulleted">
        <item>
          <p>process_flag/2 accepts the new flag <c>sensitive</c>.</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-6592 Aux Id: seq10555 </p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>
  </section>

  <section>
    <title>Kernel 2.11.4.1</title>

    <section>
      <title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
      <list type="bulleted">
        <item>
          <p>A bug in gen_udp:open that broke the 'fd' option has been
            fixed.</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-6594 Aux Id: seq10619 </p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>
  </section>

  <section>
    <title>Kernel 2.11.4</title>

    <section>
      <title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
      <list type="bulleted">
        <item>
          <p>Added a warning to the documentation for the
            <c>error_logger</c> functions <c>error_msg/1,2</c>,
            <c>warning_msg/1,2</c> and <c>info_msg/1,2</c> that
            calling these function with bad arguments can crash the
            standard event handler.</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-4575 Aux Id: seq7693 </p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>A bug in <c>inet_db</c> concerning getting the resolver
            option <c>retry</c> has been corrected.</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-6380 Aux Id: seq10534 </p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>Names registered by calling
            <c>global:register_name()</c> or
            <c>global:re_register_name()</c> were not always
            unregistered when the registering or registered process
            died. This bug has been fixed.</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-6428</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>When setting the kernel configuration parameter
            <c>error_logger</c> to <c>false</c>, the documentation
            stated that "No error logger handler is installed". This
            is true, but error logging is not turned off, as the
            initial, primitive error logger event handler is kept,
            printing raw event messages to tty.</p>
          <p>Changing this behavior can be viewed as a backward
            incompatible change. Instead a new value <c>silent</c>
            for the configuration parameter has been added, which
            ensures that error logging is completely turned off.</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-6445</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>Clarified the documentation for <c>code:lib_dir/1</c> and
            <c>code:priv_dir/1</c>. The functions traverse the names
            of the code path, they do not search the actual
            directories.</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-6466</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p><c>io:setopts</c> returned <c>{error,badarg}</c>, when
            called with only an <c>expand_fun</c> argument. (Thanks to
            igwan.)</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-6508</p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>

    <section>
      <title>Improvements and New Features</title>
      <list type="bulleted">
        <item>
          <p>An interface towards the SCTP Socket API Extensions
            has been implemented.It is an Open Source patch courtesy
            of Serge Aleynikov and Leonid Timochouk. The Erlang code
            parts has been adapted by the OTP team, changing the
            Erlang API somewhat.</p>
          <p>The Erlang interface consists of the module
            <c>gen_sctp</c> and an include file
            <c>-include_lib("kernel/include/inet_sctp.hrl").</c> for
            option record definitions. The <c>gen_sctp</c> module is
            documented.</p>
          <p>The delivered Open Source patch, before the OTP team
            rewrites, was written according to
            <url href="http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-tsvwg-sctpsocket-13">http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-tsvwg-sctpsocket-13</url>
            and was claimed to work fine, tested on Linux Fedora Core
            5.0 (kernel 2.6.15-2054 or later) and on Solaris 10 and
            11. The OTP team rewrites used the same standard document
            but might have accidentally broken some functionality. If
            so, it will soon be patched to working state. The tricky
            parts in C and the general design has essentially not
            changed. During the rewrites the code was hand tested on
            SuSE Linux Enterprise Server 10, and briefly on Solaris
            10. Feedbach on code and docs is very much
            appreciated.</p>
          <p>The SCTP interface is in beta state. It has only been
            hand tested and has no automatic test suites in OTP
            meaning everything is most certainly not tested. Socket
            active mode is broken. IPv6 is not tested. The documentation
            has been reworked due to the API changes,
            but has not been proofread after this.</p>
          <p>Thank you from the OTP team to Serge Aleynikov and
            Leonid Timochouk for a valuable contribution. We hope we
            have not messed it up too much.</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-6336</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>A <c>{minor_version,Version}</c> option is now recognized
            by <c>term_to_binary/2</c>. {minor_version,1} will cause
            floats to be encoded in an exact and more space-efficient
            way compared to the previous encoding.</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-6434</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>Monitoring of nodes has been improved. Now the following
            properties apply to
            <c>net_kernel:monitor_nodes/[1,2]</c>:</p>
          <list type="bulleted">
            <item><c>nodeup</c> messages will be delivered before delivery
             of any message from the remote node passed through the
             newly established connection. </item>
            <item><c>nodedown</c> messages will not be delivered until all
             messages from the remote node that have been passed
             through the connection have been delivered. </item>
            <item>Subscriptions can also be made before the
            <c>net_kernel</c> server has been started. </item>
          </list>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-6481</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>Setting and getting socket options in a "raw" fashion is
            now allowed. Using this feature will inevitably produce
            non portable code, but will allow setting ang getting
            arbitrary uncommon options on TCP stacks that do have
            them.</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-6519</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>Dialyzer warnings have been eliminated.</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-6523</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>The documentation for <c>file:delete/1</c> and
            <c>file:set_cwd/1</c> has been updated to clarify what
            happens if the input arguments are of an incorrect type.</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-6535</p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>
  </section>

  <section>
    <title>Kernel 2.11.3.1</title>

    <section>
      <title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
      <list type="bulleted">
        <item>
          <p>An erroneous packet size could be used for the first
            messages passed through a newly established connection
            between two Erlang nodes. This could cause messages to be
            discarded, or termination of the connection.</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-6473</p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>
  </section>

  <section>
    <title>Kernel 2.11.3</title>

    <section>
      <title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
      <list type="bulleted">
        <item>
          <p>On Unix, the <c>unix:cmd/1</c> function could leave an
            'EXIT' message in the message queue for the calling
            process That problem was more likely to happen in an SMP
            emulator.</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-6368</p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>

    <section>
      <title>Improvements and New Features</title>
      <list type="bulleted">
        <item>
          <p>More interfaces are added in erl_ddll, to support
            different usage scenarios.</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-6307 Aux Id: OTP-6234 </p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>Locks set by calling <c>global:set_lock()</c> were not
            always deleted when the locking process died. This bug
            has been fixed.</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-6341 Aux Id: seq10445 </p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>
  </section>

  <section>
    <title>Kernel 2.11.2</title>

    <section>
      <title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
      <list type="bulleted">
        <item>
          <p>Behavior in case of disappeared nodes when using he
            dist_auto_connect once got changed in R11B-1. The
            timeouts regarding normal distributed operations is now
            reverted to the old (pre R11B-1).</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-6258 Aux Id: OTP-6200, seq10449 </p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>Start-up problems for the internal process used by the
            <c>inet:gethostbyname()</c> functions were eliminated. If
            the internal process (<c>inet_gethost_native</c>) had not
            previously been started, and if several processes at the
            same time called one of the <c>inet:gethostbyname()</c>
            functions, the calls could fail.</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-6286</p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>

    <section>
      <title>Improvements and New Features</title>
      <list type="bulleted">
        <item>
          <p>Code cleanup: the old internal obsolete file_server has
            been removed. It was only used when communicating with R7
            and older nodes.</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-6245</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>Trying to open a non-existent or badly formed disk log
            no longer results in a crash report. In particular,
            <c>ets:file2tab/1</c> reports no error when the argument
            is not a well-formed disk log file. (The return value has
            not been changed, it is still an error tuple.)</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-6278 Aux Id: seq10421 </p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>There are new BIFs <c>erlang:spawn_monitor/1,3</c>,
            and the new option <c>monitor</c> for
            <c>spawn_opt/2,3,4,5</c>.</p>
          <p>The <c>observer_backend</c> module has been updated to
            handle the new BIFs.</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-6281</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>To help Dialyzer find more bugs, many functions in the
            Kernel and STDLIB applications now only accept arguments
            of the type that is documented.</p>
          <p>For instance, the functions <c>lists:prefix/2</c> and
            <c>lists:suffix/2</c> are documented to only accept lists
            as their arguments, but they actually accepted anything
            and returned <c>false</c>. That has been changed so that
            the functions cause an exception if one or both arguments
            are not lists.</p>
          <p>Also, the <c>string:strip/3</c> function is documented
            to take a character argument that is a character to strip
            from one or both ends of the string. Given a list instead
            of a character, it used to do nothing, but will now cause
            an exception.</p>
          <p>Dialyzer will find most cases where those functions
            are passed arguments of the wrong type.</p>
          <p>*** POTENTIAL INCOMPATIBILITY ***</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-6295</p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>
  </section>

  <section>
    <title>Kernel 2.11.1.1</title>

    <section>
      <title>Improvements and New Features</title>
      <list type="bulleted">
        <item>
          <p>There is now an option read_packets for UDP sockets that
            sets the maximum number of UDP packets that will be read
            for each invocation of the socket driver.</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-6249 Aux Id: seq10452 </p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>
  </section>

  <section>
    <title>Kernel 2.11.1</title>

    <section>
      <title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
      <list type="bulleted">
        <item>
          <p>In R11B-0, the erl_ddll server process is always started.
            Despite that, the configuration parameter
            <c>start_ddll</c> for the Kernel application was still
            obeyed, which would cause the erl_ddll server to be
            started TWICE (and the system shutting down as a result).
            In this release, <c>start_ddll</c> is no longer used and
            its documentation has been removed.</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-6163</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>The kernel option {dist_auto_connect,once} could block
            out nodes that had never been connected, causing
            persistent partitioning of networks. Furthermore, partial
            restarts of networks could cause inconsistent global name
            databases. Both problems are now solved.</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-6200 Aux Id: seq10377 </p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>

    <section>
      <title>Improvements and New Features</title>
      <list type="bulleted">
        <item>
          <p>Late arriving tcp_closed and udp_closed messages are now
            removed from the message queue of a process calling
            gen_tcp:close/1, gen_udp:close/1, and inet:close/1.</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-6197</p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>
  </section>

  <section>
    <title>Kernel 2.11</title>

    <section>
      <title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
      <list type="bulleted">
        <item>
          <p>When repairing a disk log with a corrupt index file
            (caused by for instance a hard disk failure) the old
            contents of the index file is kept unmodified. This will
            make repeated attempts to open the disk log fail every
            time.</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-5558 Aux Id: seq9823 </p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>Previously <c>unlink/1</c> and <c>erlang:demonitor/2</c>
            behaved completely asynchronous. This had one undesirable
            effect, though. You could never know when you were
            guaranteed <em>not</em> to be affected by a link that you
            had unlinked or a monitor that you had demonitored.</p>
          <p>The new behavior of <c>unlink/1</c> and
            <c>erlang:demonitor/2</c> can be viewed as two operations
            performed atomically. Asynchronously send an unlink
            signal or a demonitor signal, and ignore any future
            results of the link or monitor.</p>
          <p><em>NOTE</em>: This change can cause some obscure code
            to fail which previously did not. For example, the
            following code might hang:</p>
          <code type="none">
            Mon = erlang:monitor(process, Pid),
            %% ...
            exit(Pid, bang),
            erlang:demonitor(Mon),
            receive
                {'DOWN', Mon, process, Pid, _} -> ok
            %% We were previously guaranteed to get a down message
            %% (since we exited the process ourself), so we could
            %% in this case leave out:
            %% after 0 -> ok
            end,
          </code>
          <p>*** POTENTIAL INCOMPATIBILITY ***</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-5772</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>The behavior when an application fails to start and
            possibly causes the runtime system to halt has been
            cleaned up, including fixing some minor bugs.</p>
          <p><c>application_controller</c> should now always terminate
            with a non-nested string, meaning the slogan in an
            <c>erl_crash.dump</c> should always be easy to read.</p>
          <p><c>init</c> now makes sure that the slogan passed to
            <c>erlang:halt/1</c> does not exceed the maximum allowed
            length.</p>
          <p>Redundant calls to <c>list_to_atom/1</c> has been removed
            from the primitive <c>error_logger</c> event handler.
            (Thanks Serge Aleynikov for pointing this out).</p>
          <p>The changes only affects the contents of the error
            messages and crashdump file slogan.</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-5964</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>The <c>erl_ddll</c> server is now started when OTP is
            started and placed under the Kernel supervisor. This
            fixes several minor issues. It used to be started on
            demand.</p>
          <p>The documentation for the <c>start</c> and <c>stop</c>
            functions in the <c>erl_ddll</c> module has been removed,
            as those functions are not meant to be used by other
            applications.</p>
          <p>Furthermore, the <c>erl_ddll:stop/1</c> function no longer
            terminates the <c>erl_ddll</c> server, as that would
            terminate the entire runtime system.</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-6033</p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>

    <section>
      <title>Improvements and New Features</title>
      <list type="bulleted">
        <item>
          <p>Removed some unused functions from
            <c>application_master</c>.</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-3889</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>Global no longer allows the registration of a process
            under more than one name. If the old (buggy) behavior is
            desired the Kernel application variable
            <c>global_multi_name_action</c> can be given the value
            <c>allow</c>.</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-5640 Aux Id: OTP-5603</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>The (slightly misleading) warnings that was shown when
            the <c>erlang.erl</c> file was compiled has been
            eliminated.</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-5947</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>The <c>auth</c> module API is deprecated.</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-6037</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>Added <c>erlang:demonitor/2</c>, making it possible to at
            the same time flush a received <c>'DOWN'</c> message, if
            there is one. See <c>erlang(3)</c>.</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-6100 Aux Id: OTP-5772 </p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>
  </section>

  <section>
    <title>Kernel 2.10.13</title>

    <section>
      <title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
      <list type="bulleted">
        <item>
          <p>Large files (more than 2 GBytes) are now handled on
            Solaris 8.</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-5849 Aux Id: seq10157</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>During startup, a garbage <c>{'DOWN', ...}</c> message was
            left by <c>inet_gethost_native</c>, that caused problems
            for the starting code server.</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-5978 Aux Id: OTP-5974</p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>

    <section>
      <title>Improvements and New Features</title>
      <list type="bulleted">
        <item>
          <p><c>global</c> now makes several attempts to connect nodes
            when maintaining the fully connected network. More than one
            attempt is sometimes needed under very heavy load.</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-5889</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p><c>erl_epmd</c> now explicitly sets the timeout to
            <c>infinity</c> when calling <c>gen_server:call</c>. The
            old timeout of 15 seconds could time out under very heavy
            load.</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-5959</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>Corrected the start of code server to use reference-tagged
            tuples to ensure that an unexpected message sent to
            the parent process does not cause a halt of the system.
            Also removed the useless <c>start/*</c> functions in both
            <c>code.erl</c> and <c>code_server.erl</c> and no longer
            exports the <c>init</c> function from
            <c>code_server.erl</c>.</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-5974 Aux Id: seq10243, OTP-5978</p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>
  </section>

  <section>
    <title>Kernel 2.10.12</title>

    <section>
      <title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
      <list type="bulleted">
        <item>
          <p>A bug in <c>global</c> has been fixed: the locker process
            added <c>nonode@nohost</c> to the list of nodes to lock.
            This could happen before any nodes got known to the global
            name server. Depending on net configuration the symptom was
            a delay.</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-5792 Aux Id: OTP-5563</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>If an <c>.app</c> file is missing, the error reason
            returned by <c>application:load/1</c> has been corrected
            to <c>{"no such file or directory", "FILE.app"}</c>,
            instead of the less informative <c>{"unknown POSIX error","FILE.app"}</c>.</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-5809</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>Bug fixes: <c>disk_log:accessible_logs/0</c> no longer
            reports all <c>pg2</c> process groups as distributed disk
            logs; <c>disk_log:pid2name/1</c> did not recognize
            processes of distributed disk logs.</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-5810</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>The functions <c>file:consult/1</c>,
            <c>file:path_consult/2</c>, <c>file:eval/1,2</c>,
            <c>file:path_eval/2,3</c>, <c>file:script/1,2</c>,
            <c>file:path_script/2,3</c> now return correct line
            numbers in error tuples.</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-5814</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>If there were user-defined variables in the boot script,
            and their values were not provided using
            the <c>-boot_var</c> option, the emulator would refuse to
            start with a confusing error message. Corrected to show a
            clear, understandable message.</p>
          <p>The <c>prim_file</c> module was modified to not depend
            on the <c>lists</c> module, to make it possible to start
            the emulator using a user-defined loader. (Thanks to
            Martin Bjorklund.)</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-5828 Aux Id: seq10151</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>Minor corrections in the description of open modes.
            (Thanks to Richard Carlsson.)</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-5856</p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>

    <section>
      <title>Improvements and New Features</title>
      <list type="bulleted">
        <item>
          <p><c>application_controller</c> now terminates with the
            actual error reason, instead of <c>shutdown</c>. This
            means that the crash dump now should be somewhat more
            informative, in the case where the runtime system is
            terminated due to an error in an application.</p>
          <p>Example: If the (permanent) application <c>app1</c> fails
            to start, the slogan now will be: "<c>Kernel pid terminated (application_controller) ({application_start_failure,app1,{shutdown, {app1,start,[normal,[]]}}})</c>"</p>
          <p>rather than the previous "<c>Kernel pid terminated (application_controller) (shutdown)</c>".</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-5811</p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>
  </section>

  <section>
    <title>Kernel 2.10.11.1</title>

    <section>
      <title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
      <list type="bulleted">
        <item>
          <p>Timers could sometimes timeout too early. This bug has
            now been fixed.</p>
          <p>Automatic cancellation of timers created by
            <c>erlang:send_after(Time,</c> pid(), Msg), and
            <c>erlang:start_timer(Time,</c> pid(), Msg) has been
            introduced.
            Timers created with the receiver specified by a pid, will
            automatically be cancelled when the receiver exits. For
            more information see the <c>erlang(3)</c> man page.</p>
          <p>In order to be able to maintain a larger amount of timers
            without increasing the maintenance cost, the internal
            timer wheel and bif timer table have been enlarged.</p>
          <p>Also a number of minor bif timer optimizations have been
            implemented.</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-5795 Aux Id: OTP-5090, seq8913, seq10139,
            OTP-5782</p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>

    <section>
      <title>Improvements and New Features</title>
      <list type="bulleted">
        <item>
          <p>Documentation improvements:</p>
          <p>- documentation for <c>erlang:link/1</c> corrected</p>
          <p>- command line flag <c>-code_path_cache</c> added</p>
          <p>- <c>erl</c> command line flags clarifications</p>
          <p>- <c>net_kernel(3)</c> clarifications</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-5847</p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>
  </section>

  <section>
    <title>Kernel 2.10.11</title>

    <section>
      <title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
      <list type="bulleted">
        <item>
          <p>Several bug fixes and improvements in the global name
            registration facility (see <c>global(3)</c>):</p>
          <list type="bulleted">
            <item>the name resolving procedure did not always unlink no
             longer registered processes;</item>
            <item>the global name could sometimes hang when a
            <c>nodedown</c> was immediately followed by a
            <c>nodeup</c>;</item>
            <item>global names were not always unregistered when a node
             went down;</item>
            <item>it is now possible to set and delete locks at
             the same time as the global name server is resolving
             names--the handling of global locks has been separated
             from registration of global names;</item>
          </list>
          <p>As of this version, <c>global</c> no longer supports nodes
            running Erlang/OTP R7B or earlier.</p>
          <p>*** POTENTIAL INCOMPATIBILITY ***</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-5563</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>The functions <c>global:set_lock/3</c> and
            <c>global:trans/4</c> now accept the value <c>0</c>
            (zero) of the <c>Retries</c> argument.</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-5737</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>The <c>inet:getaddr(Addr, Family)</c> no longer
            validates the <c>Addr</c> argument if it is a 4 or 8
            tuple containing the IP address, except for the size of
            the tuple and that it contains integers in the correct
            range.</p>
          <p>The reason for the change is that validation could
            cause the following sequence of calls to fail:</p>
          <p><c>{ok,Addr} = inet:getaddr(localhost, inet6), gen_tcp:connect(Addr, 7, [inet6])</c></p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-5743</p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>

    <section>
      <title>Improvements and New Features</title>
      <list type="bulleted">
        <item>
          <p>The previously undocumented and UNSUPPORTED <c>zlib</c>
            module has been updated in an incompatible way and many
            bugs have been corrected. It is now also documented.</p>
          <p>*** POTENTIAL INCOMPATIBILITY ***</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-5715</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>Added <c>application</c> interface functions
            <c>which_applications/1</c>, <c>set_env/4</c> and
            <c>unset_env/3</c>, which take an additional
            <c>Timeout</c> argument. To be used in situations where
            the standard gen_server timeout (5000ms) is not adequate.</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-5724 Aux Id: seq10083</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>Improved documentation regarding synchronized start of
            applications with included applications (using start
            phases and <c>application_starter</c>).</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-5754</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>New socket options <c>priority</c> and <c>tos</c> for
            platforms that support them (currently only Linux).</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-5756</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>The global name server has been optimized when it comes
            to maintaining a fully connected network.</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-5770</p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>
  </section>

  <section>
    <title>Kernel 2.10.10.1</title>

    <section>
      <title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
      <list type="bulleted">
        <item>
          <p>The native resolver has gotten an control API for
            extended debugging and soft restart. It is:
            <c>inet_gethost_native:control(Control)</c>            <br></br>
<c>Control = {debug_level,Level} | soft_restart</c>            <br></br>
<c>Level = integer() in the range 0-4</c>.</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-5751 Aux Id: EABln25013</p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>
  </section>

  <section>
    <title>Kernel 2.10.10</title>

    <section>
      <title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
      <list type="bulleted">
        <item>
          <p>If several processes (at the same node) simultaneously
            tried to start the same distributed application, this
            could lead to <c>application:start</c> returning an
            erroneous value, or even hang.</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-5606 Aux Id: seq9838</p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>

    <section>
      <title>Improvements and New Features</title>
      <list type="bulleted">
        <item>
          <p>The manual pages for most of the Kernel and some of
            the STDLIB modules have been updated, in particular
            regarding type definitions.</p>
          <p>The documentation of the return value for
            <c>erts:info/1</c> has been corrected.</p>
          <p>The documentation for <c>erlang:statistics/1</c> now
            lists all possible arguments.</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-5360</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>When the native resolver fails a <c>gethostbyaddr</c>
            lookup, <c>nxdomain</c> should be returned. There should be
            no attempt to fallback on a routine that succeeds if only
            the syntax of the IP address is valid. This has been fixed.</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-5598 Aux Id: OTP-5576</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>Replaced some tuple funs with the new <c>fun M:F/A</c>
            construct.</p>
          <p>The high-order functions in the <c>lists</c> module no
            longer accept bad funs under any circumstances.
            '<c>lists:map(bad_fun, [])</c>' used to return
            '<c>[]</c>' but now causes an exception.</p>
          <p>Unused, broken compatibility code in the <c>ets</c>
            module was removed. (Thanks to Dialyzer.)</p>
          <p>Eliminated 5 discrepancies found by Dialyzer in the
            Appmon application.</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-5633</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>The possibility to have comments following the list of
            tuples in a config file (file specified with
            the <c>-config</c> flag) has been added.</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-5661 Aux Id: seq10003</p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>
  </section>

  <section>
    <title>Kernel 2.10.9</title>

    <section>
      <title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
      <list type="bulleted">
        <item>
          <p>'<c>erl -config sys.config</c>' would fail to start if
            the <c>sys.config</c> file did not contain any whitespace
            at all after the dot. (Thanks to Anders Nygren.)</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-5543</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>A bug regarding tcp sockets which results in hanging
            <c>gen_tcp:send/2</c> has been corrected. To encounter
            this bug you needed one process that read from a socket,
            one that wrote more date than the reader read out so the
            sender got suspended, and then the reader closed the
            socket. (Reported and diagnosed by Alexey Shchepin.)</p>
          <p>Corrected a bug in the (undocumented and unsupported)
            option <c>{packet,http}</c> for <c>gen_tcp.</c>
            (Thanks to Claes Wikstrom and Luke Gorrie.)</p>
          <p>Updated the documentation regarding the second argument to
            <c>gen_tcp:recv/2</c>, the <c>Length</c> to receive.</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-5582 Aux Id: seq9839</p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>

    <section>
      <title>Improvements and New Features</title>
      <list type="bulleted">
        <item>
          <p>At startup, the Erlang resolver hosts table was used to
            look up the name of the local (and possibly stand alone)
            host. This was incorrect. The configured resolver method
            is now used for this purpose.</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-5393</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>The <c>erlang:port_info/1</c> BIF is now documented. Minor
            corrections of the documentation for
            <c>erlang:port_info/2</c>.</p>
          <p>Added a note to the documentation of the <c>math</c> module
            that all functions are not available on all platforms.</p>
          <p>Added more information about the <c>+c</c> option in
            the <c>erl</c> man page in the ERTS documentation.</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-5555</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>The new <c>fun M:F/A</c> construct creates a fun that
            refers to the latest version of <c>M:F/A.</c> This syntax is
            meant to replace tuple funs <c>{M,F}</c> which have many
            problems.</p>
          <p>The new type test <c>is_function(Fun,A)</c> (which may be
            used in guards) test whether <c>Fun</c> is a fun that can be
            applied with <c>A</c> arguments. (Currently, <c>Fun</c> can
            also be a tuple fun.)</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-5584</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>According to the documentation <c>global</c> implements
            the equivalent of <c>register/2</c>, which returns
            <c>badarg</c> if a process is already registered. As it
            turns out there is no check in <c>global</c> if a process is
            registered under more than one name. If some process is
            accidentally or by design given several names, it is
            possible that the name registry becomes inconsistent due
            to the way the resolve function is called when name
            clashes are discovered (see <c>register_name/3</c> in
            <c>global(3)</c>).</p>
          <p>In OTP R11B <c>global</c> will not allow the registration of
            a process under more than one name. To help finding code
            where <c>no</c> will be returned, a Kernel application
            variable, <c>global_multi_name_action</c>, is hereby
            introduced. Depending on its value (<c>info</c>,
            <c>warning</c>, or <c>error</c>), messages are sent to
            the error logger when <c>global</c> discovers that some
            process is given more than one name. The variable only
            affects the node where it is defined.</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-5603</p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>
  </section>

  <section>
    <title>Kernel 2.10.8</title>

    <section>
      <title>Improvements and New Features</title>
      <list type="bulleted">
        <item>
          <p>In case of a DNS lookup loop, <c>inet_db:getbyname</c> ends
            up building an infinite list. This has been fixed.</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-5449</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>When doing an <c>inet6</c> name lookup on an IPv4 address
            it was possible to get an address on IPv4 format back. This
            has been corrected. Some other minor inconsistencies
            regarding IPv6 name lookup have also been corrected.</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-5576</p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>
  </section>

  <section>
    <title>Kernel 2.10.7</title>

    <section>
      <title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
      <list type="bulleted">
        <item>
          <p>Under certain circumstances the <c>net_kernel</c> could
            emit spurious nodedown messages. This bug has been fixed.</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-5396</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>Removed description of the <c>keep_zombies</c>
            configuration parameter in the <c>kernel</c> man page.</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-5497</p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>

    <section>
      <title>Improvements and New Features</title>
      <list type="bulleted">
        <item>
          <p>Eliminated Dialyzer warnings (caused by dead code) in
            the <c>init</c> and <c>prim_file</c> modules.</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-5496</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p><c>inet_config</c> now also checks the environment variable
            <c>ERL_INETRC</c> for a possible user configuration file.
            See the ERTS User's Guide for details.</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-5512</p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>
  </section>

  <section>
    <title>Kernel 2.10.6</title>

    <section>
      <title>Improvements and New Features</title>
      <list type="bulleted">
        <item>
          <p>The <c>c</c> option for the <c>+B</c> flag has been
            introduced which makes it possible to use Ctrl-C
            (Ctrl-Break on Windows) to interrupt the shell process
            rather than to invoke the emulator break handler. All new
            <c>+B</c> options are also supported on Windows (werl) as
            of now. Furthermore, Ctrl-C on Windows has now been
            reserved for copying text (what Ctrl-Ins was used for
            previously). Ctrl-Break should be used for break handling.
            Lastly, the documentation of the system flags has been
            updated.</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-5388</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>The possibility to start the Erlang shell in parallel
            with the rest of the system was reintroduced for backwards
            compatibility in STDLIB 1.13.1. The flag to be used for
            this is now called <c>async_shell_start</c> and has
            been documented. New shells started from the JCL menu are
            not synchronized with <c>init</c> anymore. This makes it
            possible to start a new shell (e.g. for debugging purposes)
            even if the initial shell has not come up.</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-5406 Aux Id: OTP-5218</p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>
  </section>

  <section>
    <title>Kernel 2.10.5</title>

    <section>
      <title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
      <list type="bulleted">
        <item>
          <p>Documentation for <c>erlang:binary_to_float/1</c> deleted.
            The BIF itself was removed several releases ago.</p>
          <p>Updated documentation for <c>apply/2</c> and
            <c>apply/3</c>.</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-5391</p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>

    <section>
      <title>Improvements and New Features</title>
      <list type="bulleted">
        <item>
          <p><c>net_kernel:monitor_nodes/2</c> which takes a flag and an
            option list has been added. By use of
            <c>net_kernel:monitor_nodes/2</c> one can subscribe for
            <c>nodeup/nodedown</c> messages with extra information. It
            is now possible to monitor hidden nodes, and get
            <c>nodedown</c> reason. See the <c>net_kernel(3)</c>
            documentation for more information.</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-5374</p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>
  </section>

  <section>
    <title>Kernel 2.10.4</title>

    <section>
      <title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
      <list type="bulleted">
        <item>
          <p>The application master for an application now terminates
            the application faster, which reduces the risk for
            timeouts in other parts of the system.</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-5363 Aux Id: EABln19084</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>A BIF <c>erlang:raise/3</c> has been added. See the manual
            for details. It is intended for internal system programming
            only, advanced error handling.</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-5376 Aux Id: OTP-5257</p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>
  </section>

  <section>
    <title>Kernel 2.10.3</title>

    <section>
      <title>Improvements and New Features</title>
      <list type="bulleted">
        <item>
          <p>With the <c>-eval</c> flag (<c>erl -eval Expr</c>), an
            arbitrary expression can be evaluated during system
            initialization. This is documented in <c>init(3)</c>.</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-5260</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>The unsupported and undocumented modules <c>socks5</c>,
            <c>socks5_auth</c>, <c>socks5_tcp</c>, and <c>socks5_udp</c>
            have been removed.</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-5266</p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>
  </section>

  <section>
    <title>Kernel 2.10.1</title>

    <section>
      <title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
      <list type="bulleted">
        <item>
          <p>The Pman 'trace shell' functionality was broken and has
            now been fixed. Furthermore, Pman could not correctly
            find the pid of the active shell if more than one shell
            process was running on the node. This has also been
            corrected.</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-5191</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>The documentation for the <c>auth:open/1</c> function
            which no longer exists has been removed. (Thanks to
            Miguel Barreiro.)</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-5208</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>Corrected the <c>crc32/3</c> function in the undocumented
            and unsupported <c>zlib</c> module.</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-5227</p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>

    <section>
      <title>Improvements and New Features</title>
      <list type="bulleted">
        <item>
          <p>You can now start Erlang with the <c>-rsh</c> flag which
            gives you a remote initial shell instead of a local one.
            Example:</p>
          <pre>
            erl -sname this_node -rsh other_node@other_host
          </pre>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-5210</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>If <c>/etc/hosts</c> specified two hosts with the same IP
            address (on separate lines), only the last host would be
            registered by inet_db during inet configuration. This has
            been corrected now so that both aliases are registered
            with the same IP address.</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-5212 Aux Id: seq7128</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>The documentation for BIFs that take I/O lists have
            been clarified. Those are <c>list_to_binary/1</c>,
            <c>port_command/2</c>, <c>port_control/3</c>.</p>
          <p>Documentation for all <c>is_*</c> BIFs (such as
            <c>is_atom/1</c>) has been added.</p>
          <p>Removed the documentation for
            <c>erlang:float_to_binary/2</c> which was removed from
            the run-time system several releases ago.</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-5222</p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>
  </section>
</chapter>