aboutsummaryrefslogtreecommitdiffstats
path: root/lib/kernel/doc/src/notes.xml
blob: 09844f150238cd5a018920e34d764c9c7c2feced (plain) (blame)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
342
343
344
345
346
347
348
349
350
351
352
353
354
355
356
357
358
359
360
361
362
363
364
365
366
367
368
369
370
371
372
373
374
375
376
377
378
379
380
381
382
383
384
385
386
387
388
389
390
391
392
393
394
395
396
397
398
399
400
401
402
403
404
405
406
407
408
409
410
411
412
413
414
415
416
417
418
419
420
421
422
423
424
425
426
427
428
429
430
431
432
433
434
435
436
437
438
439
440
441
442
443
444
445
446
447
448
449
450
451
452
453
454
455
456
457
458
459
460
461
462
463
464
465
466
467
468
469
470
471
472
473
474
475
476
477
478
479
480
481
482
483
484
485
486
487
488
489
490
491
492
493
494
495
496
497
498
499
500
501
502
503
504
505
506
507
508
509
510
511
512
513
514
515
516
517
518
519
520
521
522
523
524
525
526
527
528
529
530
531
532
533
534
535
536
537
538
539
540
541
542
543
544
545
546
547
548
549
550
551
552
553
554
555
556
557
558
559
560
561
562
563
564
565
566
567
568
569
570
571
572
573
574
575
576
577
578
579
580
581
582
583
584
585
586
587
588
589
590
591
592
593
594
595
596
597
598
599
600
601
602
603
604
605
606
607
608
609
610
611
612
613
614
615
616
617
618
619
620
621
622
623
624
625
626
627
628
629
630
631
632
633
634
635
636
637
638
639
640
641
642
643
644
645
646
647
648
649
650
651
652
653
654
655
656
657
658
659
660
661
662
663
664
665
666
667
668
669
670
671
672
673
674
675
676
677
678
679
680
681
682
683
684
685
686
687
688
689
690
691
692
693
694
695
696
697
698
699
700
701
702
703
704
705
706
707
708
709
710
711
712
713
714
715
716
717
718
719
720
721
722
723
724
725
726
727
728
729
730
731
732
733
734
735
736
737
738
739
740
741
742
743
744
745
746
747
748
749
750
751
752
753
754
755
756
757
758
759
760
761
762
763
764
765
766
767
768
769
770
771
772
773
774
775
776
777
778
779
780
781
782
783
784
785
786
787
788
789
790
791
792
793
794
795
796
797
798
799
800
801
802
803
804
805
806
807
808
809
810
811
812
813
814
815
816
817
818
819
820
821
822
823
824
825
826
827
828
829
830
831
832
833
834
835
836
837
838
839
840
841
842
843
844
845
846
847
848
849
850
851
852
853
854
855
856
857
858
859
860
861
862
863
864
865
866
867
868
869
870
871
872
873
874
875
876
877
878
879
880
881
882
883
884
885
886
887
888
889
890
891
892
893
894
895
896
897
898
899
900
901
902
903
904
905
906
907
908
909
910
911
912
913
914
915
916
917
918
919
920
921
922
923
924
925
926
927
928
929
930
931
932
933
934
935
936
937
938
939
940
941
942
943
944
945
946
947
948
949
950
951
952
953
954
955
956
957
958
959
960
961
962
963
964
965
966
967
968
969
970
971
972
973
974
975
976
977
978
979
980
981
982
983
984
985
986
987
988
989
990
991
992
993
994
995
996
997
998
999
1000
1001
1002
1003
1004
1005
1006
1007
1008
1009
1010
1011
1012
1013
1014
1015
1016
1017
1018
1019
1020
1021
1022
1023
1024
1025
1026
1027
1028
1029
1030
1031
1032
1033
1034
1035
1036
1037
1038
1039
1040
1041
1042
1043
1044
1045
1046
1047
1048
1049
1050
1051
1052
1053
1054
1055
1056
1057
1058
1059
1060
1061
1062
1063
1064
1065
1066
1067
1068
1069
1070
1071
1072
1073
1074
1075
1076
1077
1078
1079
1080
1081
1082
1083
1084
1085
1086
1087
1088
1089
1090
1091
1092
1093
1094
1095
1096
1097
1098
1099
1100
1101
1102
1103
1104
1105
1106
1107
1108
1109
1110
1111
1112
1113
1114
1115
1116
1117
1118
1119
1120
1121
1122
1123
1124
1125
1126
1127
1128
1129
1130
1131
1132
1133
1134
1135
1136
1137
1138
1139
1140
1141
1142
1143
1144
1145
1146
1147
1148
1149
1150
1151
1152
1153
1154
1155
1156
1157
1158
1159
1160
1161
1162
1163
1164
1165
1166
1167
1168
1169
1170
1171
1172
1173
1174
1175
1176
1177
1178
1179
1180
1181
1182
1183
1184
1185
1186
1187
1188
1189
1190
1191
1192
1193
1194
1195
1196
1197
1198
1199
1200
1201
1202
1203
1204
1205
1206
1207
1208
1209
1210
1211
1212
1213
1214
1215
1216
1217
1218
1219
1220
1221
1222
1223
1224
1225
1226
1227
1228
1229
1230
1231
1232
1233
1234
1235
1236
1237
1238
1239
1240
1241
1242
1243
1244
1245
1246
1247
1248
1249
1250
1251
1252
1253
1254
1255
1256
1257
1258
1259
1260
1261
1262
1263
1264
1265
1266
1267
1268
1269
1270
1271
1272
1273
1274
1275
1276
1277
1278
1279
1280
1281
1282
1283
1284
1285
1286
1287
1288
1289
1290
1291
1292
1293
1294
1295
1296
1297
1298
1299
1300
1301
1302
1303
1304
1305
1306
1307
1308
1309
1310
1311
1312
1313
1314
1315
1316
1317
1318
1319
1320
1321
1322
1323
1324
1325
1326
1327
1328
1329
1330
1331
1332
1333
1334
1335
1336
1337
1338
1339
1340
1341
1342
1343
1344
1345
1346
1347
1348
1349
1350
1351
1352
1353
1354
1355
1356
1357
1358
1359
1360
1361
1362
1363
1364
1365
1366
1367
1368
1369
1370
1371
1372
1373
1374
1375
1376
1377
1378
1379
1380
1381
1382
1383
1384
1385
1386
1387
1388
1389
1390
1391
1392
1393
1394
1395
1396
1397
1398
1399
1400
1401
1402
1403
1404
1405
1406
1407
1408
1409
1410
1411
1412
1413
1414
1415
1416
1417
1418
1419
1420
1421
1422
1423
1424
1425
1426
1427
1428
1429
1430
1431
1432
1433
1434
1435
1436
1437
1438
1439
1440
1441
1442
1443
1444
1445
1446
1447
1448
1449
1450
1451
1452
1453
1454
1455
1456
1457
1458
1459
1460
1461
1462
1463
1464
1465
1466
1467
1468
1469
1470
1471
1472
1473
1474
1475
1476
1477
1478
1479
1480
1481
1482
1483
1484
1485
1486
1487
1488
1489
1490
1491
1492
1493
1494
1495
1496
1497
1498
1499
1500
1501
1502
1503
1504
1505
1506
1507
1508
1509
1510
1511
1512
1513
1514
1515
1516
1517
1518
1519
1520
1521
1522
1523
1524
1525
1526
1527
1528
1529
1530
1531
1532
1533
1534
1535
1536
1537
1538
1539
1540
1541
1542
1543
1544
1545
1546
1547
1548
1549
1550
1551
1552
1553
1554
1555
1556
1557
1558
1559
1560
1561
1562
1563
1564
1565
1566
1567
1568
1569
1570
1571
1572
1573
1574
1575
1576
1577
1578
1579
1580
1581
1582
1583
1584
1585
1586
1587
1588
1589
1590
1591
1592
1593
1594
1595
1596
1597
1598
1599
1600
1601
1602
1603
1604
1605
1606
1607
1608
1609
1610
1611
1612
1613
1614
1615
1616
1617
1618
1619
1620
1621
1622
1623
1624
1625
1626
1627
1628
1629
1630
1631
1632
1633
1634
1635
1636
1637
1638
1639
1640
1641
1642
1643
1644
1645
1646
1647
1648
1649
1650
1651
1652
1653
1654
1655
1656
1657
1658
1659
1660
1661
1662
1663
1664
1665
1666
1667
1668
1669
1670
1671
1672
1673
1674
1675
1676
1677
1678
1679
1680
1681
1682
1683
1684
1685
1686
1687
1688
1689
1690
1691
1692
1693
1694
1695
1696
1697
1698
1699
1700
1701
1702
1703
1704
1705
1706
1707
1708
1709
1710
1711
1712
1713
1714
1715
1716
1717
1718
1719
1720
1721
1722
1723
1724
1725
1726
1727
1728
1729
1730
1731
1732
1733
1734
1735
1736
1737
1738
1739
1740
1741
1742
1743
1744
1745
1746
1747
1748
1749
1750
1751
1752
1753
1754
1755
1756
1757
1758
1759
1760
1761
1762
1763
1764
1765
1766
1767
1768
1769
1770
1771
1772
1773
1774
1775
1776
1777
1778
1779
1780
1781
1782
1783
1784
1785
1786
1787
1788
1789
1790
1791
1792
1793
1794
1795
1796
1797
1798
1799
1800
1801
1802
1803
1804
1805
1806
1807
1808
1809
1810
1811
1812
1813
1814
1815
1816
1817
1818
1819
1820
1821
1822
1823
1824
1825
1826
1827
1828
1829
1830
1831
1832
1833
1834
1835
1836
1837
1838
1839
1840
1841
1842
1843
1844
1845
1846
1847
1848
1849
1850
1851
1852
1853
1854
1855
1856
1857
1858
1859
1860
1861
1862
1863
1864
1865
1866
1867
1868
1869
1870
1871
1872
1873
1874
1875
1876
1877
1878
1879
1880
1881
1882
1883
1884
1885
1886
1887
1888
1889
1890
1891
1892
1893
1894
1895
1896
1897
1898
1899
1900
1901
1902
1903
1904
1905
1906
1907
1908
1909
1910
1911
1912
1913
1914
1915
1916
1917
1918
1919
1920
1921
1922
1923
1924
1925
1926
1927
1928
1929
1930
1931
1932
1933
1934
1935
1936
1937
1938
1939
1940
1941
1942
1943
1944
1945
1946
1947
1948
1949
1950
1951
1952
1953
1954
1955
1956
1957
1958
1959
1960
1961
1962
1963
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
2024
2025
2026
2027
2028
2029
2030
2031
2032
2033
2034
2035
2036
2037
2038
2039
2040
2041
2042
2043
2044
2045
2046
2047
2048
2049
2050
2051
2052
2053
2054
2055
2056
2057
2058
2059
2060
2061
2062
2063
2064
2065
2066
2067
2068
2069
2070
2071
2072
2073
2074
2075
2076
2077
2078
2079
2080
2081
2082
2083
2084
2085
2086
2087
2088
2089
2090
2091
2092
2093
2094
2095
2096
2097
2098
2099
2100
2101
2102
2103
2104
2105
2106
2107
2108
2109
2110
2111
2112
2113
2114
2115
2116
2117
2118
2119
2120
2121
2122
2123
2124
2125
2126
2127
2128
2129
2130
2131
2132
2133
2134
2135
2136
2137
2138
2139
2140
2141
2142
2143
2144
2145
2146
2147
2148
2149
2150
2151
2152
2153
2154
2155
2156
2157
2158
2159
2160
2161
2162
2163
2164
2165
2166
2167
2168
2169
2170
2171
2172
2173
2174
2175
2176
2177
2178
2179
2180
2181
2182
2183
2184
2185
2186
2187
2188
2189
2190
2191
2192
2193
2194
2195
2196
2197
2198
2199
2200
2201
2202
2203
2204
2205
2206
2207
2208
2209
2210
2211
2212
2213
2214
2215
2216
2217
2218
2219
2220
2221
2222
2223
2224
2225
2226
2227
2228
2229
2230
2231
2232
2233
2234
2235
2236
2237
2238
2239
2240
2241
2242
2243
2244
2245
2246
2247
2248
2249
2250
2251
2252
2253
2254
2255
2256
2257
2258
2259
2260
2261
2262
2263
2264
2265
2266
2267
2268
2269
2270
2271
2272
2273
2274
2275
2276
2277
2278
2279
2280
2281
2282
2283
2284
2285
2286
2287
2288
2289
2290
2291
2292
2293
2294
2295
2296
2297
2298
2299
2300
2301
2302
2303
2304
2305
2306
2307
2308
2309
2310
2311
2312
2313
2314
2315
2316
2317
2318
2319
2320
2321
2322
2323
2324
2325
2326
2327
2328
2329
2330
2331
2332
2333
2334
2335
2336
2337
2338
2339
2340
2341
2342
2343
2344
2345
2346
2347
2348
2349
2350
2351
2352
2353
2354
2355
2356
2357
2358
2359
2360
2361
2362
2363
2364
2365
2366
2367
2368
2369
2370
2371
2372
2373
2374
2375
2376
2377
2378
2379
2380
2381
2382
2383
2384
2385
2386
2387
2388
2389
2390
2391
2392
2393
2394
2395
2396
2397
2398
2399
2400
2401
2402
2403
2404
2405
2406
2407
2408
2409
2410
2411
2412
2413
2414
2415
2416
2417
2418
2419
2420
2421
2422
2423
2424
2425
2426
2427
2428
2429
2430
2431
2432
2433
2434
2435
2436
2437
2438
2439
2440
2441
2442
2443
2444
2445
2446
2447
2448
2449
2450
2451
2452
2453
2454
2455
2456
2457
2458
2459
2460
2461
2462
2463
2464
2465
2466
2467
2468
2469
2470
2471
2472
2473
2474
2475
2476
2477
2478
2479
2480
2481
2482
2483
2484
2485
2486
2487
2488
2489
2490
2491
2492
2493
2494
2495
2496
2497
2498
2499
2500
2501
2502
2503
2504
2505
2506
2507
2508
2509
2510
2511
2512
2513
2514
2515
2516
2517
2518
2519
2520
2521
2522
2523
2524
2525
2526
2527
2528
2529
2530
2531
2532
2533
2534
2535
2536
2537
2538
2539
2540
2541
2542
2543
2544
2545
2546
2547
2548
2549
2550
2551
2552
2553
2554
2555
2556
2557
2558
2559
2560
2561
2562
2563
2564
2565
2566
2567
2568
2569
2570
2571
2572
2573
2574
2575
2576
2577
2578
2579
2580
2581
2582
2583
2584
2585
2586
2587
2588
2589
2590
2591
2592
2593
2594
2595
2596
2597
2598
2599
2600
2601
2602
2603
2604
2605
2606
2607
2608
2609
2610
2611
2612
2613
2614
2615
2616
2617
2618
2619
2620
2621
2622
2623
2624
2625
2626
2627
2628
2629
2630
2631
2632
2633
2634
2635
2636
2637
2638
2639
2640
2641
2642
2643
2644
2645
2646
2647
2648
2649
2650
2651
2652
2653
2654
2655
2656
2657
2658
2659
2660
2661
2662
2663
2664
2665
2666
2667
2668
2669
2670
2671
2672
2673
2674
2675
2676
2677
2678
2679
2680
2681
2682
2683
2684
2685
2686
2687
2688
2689
2690
2691
2692
2693
2694
2695
2696
2697
2698
2699
2700
2701
2702
2703
2704
2705
2706
2707
2708
2709
2710
2711
2712
2713
2714
2715
2716
2717
2718
2719
2720
2721
2722
2723
2724
2725
2726
2727
2728
2729
2730
2731
2732
2733
2734
2735
2736
2737
2738
2739
2740
2741
2742
2743
2744
2745
2746
2747
2748
2749
2750
2751
2752
2753
2754
2755
2756
2757
2758
2759
2760
2761
2762
2763
2764
2765
2766
2767
2768
2769
2770
2771
2772
2773
2774
2775
2776
2777
2778
2779
2780
2781
2782
2783
2784
2785
2786
2787
2788
2789
2790
2791
2792
2793
2794
2795
2796
2797
2798
2799
2800
2801
2802
2803
2804
2805
2806
2807
2808
2809
2810
2811
2812
2813
2814
2815
2816
2817
2818
2819
2820
2821
2822
2823
2824
2825
2826
2827
2828
2829
2830
2831
2832
2833
2834
2835
2836
2837
2838
2839
2840
2841
2842
2843
2844
2845
2846
2847
2848
2849
2850
2851
2852
2853
2854
2855
2856
2857
2858
2859
2860
2861
2862
2863
2864
2865
2866
2867
2868
2869
2870
2871
2872
2873
2874
2875
2876
2877
2878
2879
2880
2881
2882
2883
2884
2885
2886
2887
2888
2889
2890
2891
2892
2893
2894
2895
2896
2897
2898
2899
2900
2901
2902
2903
2904
2905
2906
2907
2908
2909
2910
2911
2912
2913
2914
2915
2916
2917
2918
2919
2920
2921
2922
2923
2924
2925
2926
2927
2928
2929
2930
2931
2932
2933
2934
2935
2936
2937
2938
2939
2940
2941
2942
2943
2944
2945
2946
2947
2948
2949
2950
2951
2952
2953
2954
2955
2956
2957
2958
2959
2960
2961
2962
2963
2964
2965
2966
2967
2968
2969
2970
2971
2972
2973
2974
2975
2976
2977
2978
2979
2980
2981
2982
2983
2984
2985
2986
2987
2988
2989
2990
2991
2992
2993
2994
2995
2996
2997
2998
2999
3000
3001
3002
3003
3004
3005
3006
3007
3008
3009
3010
3011
3012
3013
3014
3015
3016
3017
3018
3019
3020
3021
3022
3023
3024
3025
3026
3027
3028
3029
3030
3031
3032
3033
3034
3035
3036
3037
3038
3039
3040
3041
3042
3043
3044
3045
3046
3047
3048
3049
3050
3051
3052
3053
3054
3055
3056
3057
3058
3059
3060
3061
3062
3063
3064
3065
3066
3067
3068
3069
3070
3071
3072
3073
3074
3075
3076
3077
3078
3079
3080
3081
3082
3083
3084
3085
3086
3087
3088
3089
3090
3091
3092
3093
3094
3095
3096
3097
3098
3099
3100
3101
3102
3103
3104
3105
3106
3107
3108
3109
3110
3111
3112
3113
3114
3115
3116
3117
3118
3119
3120
3121
3122
3123
3124
3125
3126
3127
3128
3129
3130
3131
3132
3133
3134
3135
3136
3137
3138
3139
3140
3141
3142
3143
3144
3145
3146
3147
3148
3149
3150
3151
3152
3153
3154
3155
3156
3157
3158
3159
3160
3161
3162
3163
3164
3165
3166
3167
3168
3169
3170
3171
3172
3173
3174
3175
3176
3177
3178
3179
3180
3181
3182
3183
3184
3185
3186
3187
3188
3189
3190
3191
3192
3193
3194
3195
3196
3197
3198
3199
3200
3201
3202
3203
3204
3205
3206
3207
3208
3209
3210
3211
3212
3213
3214
3215
3216
3217
3218
3219
3220
3221
3222
3223
3224
3225
3226
3227
3228
3229
3230
3231
3232
3233
3234
3235
3236
3237
3238
3239
3240
3241
3242
3243
3244
3245
3246
3247
3248
3249
3250
3251
3252
3253
3254
3255
3256
3257
3258
3259
3260
3261
3262
3263
3264
3265
3266
3267
3268
3269
3270
3271
3272
3273
3274
3275
3276
3277
3278
3279
3280
3281
3282
3283
3284
3285
3286
3287
3288
3289
3290
3291
3292
3293
3294
3295
3296
3297
3298
3299
3300
3301
3302
3303
3304
3305
3306
3307
3308
3309
3310
3311
3312
3313
3314
3315
3316
3317
3318
3319
3320
3321
3322
3323
3324
3325
3326
3327
3328
3329
3330
3331
3332
3333
3334
3335
3336
3337
3338
3339
3340
3341
3342
3343
3344
3345
3346
3347
3348
3349
3350
3351
3352
3353
3354
3355
3356
3357
3358
3359
3360
3361
3362
3363
3364
3365
3366
3367
3368
3369
3370
3371
3372
3373
3374
3375
3376
3377
3378
3379
3380
3381
3382
3383
3384
3385
3386
3387
3388
3389
3390
3391
3392
3393
3394
3395
3396
3397
3398
3399
3400
3401
3402
3403
3404
3405
3406
3407
3408
3409
3410
3411
3412
3413
3414
3415
3416
3417
3418
3419
3420
3421
3422
3423
3424
3425
3426
3427
3428
3429
3430
3431
3432
3433
3434
3435
3436
3437
3438
3439
3440
3441
3442
3443
3444
3445
3446
3447
3448
3449
3450
3451
3452
3453
3454
3455
3456
3457
3458
3459
3460
3461
3462
3463
3464
3465
3466
3467
3468
3469
3470
3471
3472
3473
3474
3475
3476
3477
3478
3479
3480
3481
3482
3483
3484
3485
3486
3487
3488
3489
3490
3491
3492
3493
3494
3495
3496
3497
3498
3499
3500
3501
3502
3503
3504
3505
3506
3507
3508
3509
3510
3511
3512
3513
3514
3515
3516
3517
3518
3519
3520
3521
3522
3523
3524
3525
3526
3527
3528
3529
3530
3531
3532
3533
3534
3535
3536
3537
3538
3539
3540
3541
3542
3543
3544
3545
3546
3547
3548
3549
3550
3551
3552
3553
3554
3555
3556
3557
3558
3559
3560
3561
3562
3563
3564
3565
3566
3567
3568
3569
3570
3571
3572
3573
3574
3575
3576
3577
3578
3579
3580
3581
3582
3583
3584
3585
3586
3587
3588
3589
3590
3591
3592
3593
3594
3595
3596
3597
3598
3599
3600
3601
3602
3603
3604
3605
3606
3607
3608
3609
3610
3611
3612
3613
3614
3615
3616
3617
3618
3619
3620
3621
3622
3623
3624
3625
3626
3627
3628
3629
3630
3631
3632
3633
3634
3635
3636
3637
3638
3639
3640
3641
3642
3643
3644
3645
3646
3647
3648
3649
3650
3651
3652
3653
3654
3655
3656
3657
3658
3659
3660
3661
3662
3663
3664
3665
3666
3667
3668
3669
3670
3671
3672
3673
3674
3675
3676
3677
3678
3679
3680
3681
3682
3683
3684
3685
3686
3687
3688
3689
3690
3691
3692
3693
3694
3695
3696
3697
3698
3699
3700
3701
3702
3703
3704
3705
3706
3707
3708
3709
3710
3711
3712
3713
3714
3715
3716
3717
3718
3719
3720
3721
3722
3723
3724
3725
3726
3727
3728
3729
3730
3731
3732
3733
3734
3735
3736
3737
3738
3739
3740
3741
3742
3743
3744
3745
3746
3747
3748
3749
3750
3751
3752
3753
3754
3755
3756
3757
3758
3759
3760
3761
3762
3763
3764
3765
3766
3767
3768
3769
3770
3771
3772
3773
3774
3775
3776
3777
3778
3779
3780
3781
3782
3783
3784
3785
3786
3787
3788
3789
3790
3791
3792
3793
3794
3795
3796
3797
3798
3799
3800
3801
3802
3803
3804
3805
3806
3807
3808
3809
3810
3811
3812
3813
3814
3815
3816
3817
3818
3819
3820
3821
3822
3823
3824
3825
3826
3827
3828
3829
3830
3831
3832
3833
3834
3835
3836
3837
3838
3839
3840
3841
3842
3843
3844
3845
3846
3847
3848
3849
3850
3851
3852
3853
3854
3855
3856
3857
3858
3859
3860
3861
3862
3863
3864
3865
3866
3867
3868
3869
3870
3871
3872
3873
3874
3875
3876
3877
3878
3879
3880
3881
3882
3883
3884
3885
3886
3887
3888
3889
3890
3891
3892
3893
3894
3895
3896
3897
3898
3899
3900
3901
3902
3903
3904
3905
3906
3907
3908
3909
3910
3911
3912
3913
3914
3915
3916
3917
3918
3919
3920
3921
3922
3923
3924
3925
3926
3927
3928
3929
3930
3931
3932
3933
3934
3935
3936
3937
3938
3939
3940
3941
3942
3943
3944
3945
3946
3947
3948
3949
3950
3951
3952
3953
3954
3955
3956
3957
3958
3959
3960
3961
3962
3963
3964
3965
3966
3967
3968
3969
3970
3971
3972
3973
3974
3975
3976
3977
3978
3979
3980
3981
3982
3983
3984
3985
3986
3987
3988
3989
3990
3991
3992
3993
3994
3995
3996
3997
3998
3999
4000
4001
4002
4003
4004
4005
4006
4007
4008
4009
4010
4011
4012
4013
4014
4015
4016
4017
4018
4019
4020
4021
4022
4023
4024
4025
4026
4027
4028
4029
4030
4031
4032
4033
4034
4035
4036
4037
4038
4039
4040
4041
4042
4043
4044
4045
4046
4047
4048
4049
4050
4051
4052
4053
4054
4055
4056
4057
4058
4059
4060
4061
4062
4063
4064
4065
4066
4067
4068
4069
4070
4071
4072
4073
4074
4075
4076
4077
4078
4079
4080
4081
4082
4083
4084
4085
4086
4087
4088
4089
4090
4091
4092
4093
4094
4095
4096
4097
4098
4099
4100
4101
4102
4103
4104
4105
4106
4107
4108
4109
4110
4111
4112
4113
4114
4115
4116
4117
4118
4119
4120
4121
4122
4123
4124
4125
4126
4127
4128
4129
4130
4131
4132
4133
4134
4135
4136
4137
4138
4139
4140
4141
4142
4143
4144
4145
4146
4147
4148
4149
4150
4151
4152
4153
4154
4155
4156
4157
4158
4159
4160
4161
4162
4163
4164
4165
4166
4167
4168
4169
4170
4171
4172
4173
4174
4175
4176
4177
4178
4179
4180
4181
4182
4183
4184
4185
4186
4187
4188
4189
4190
4191
4192
4193
4194
4195
4196
4197
4198
4199
4200
4201
4202
4203
4204
4205
4206
4207
4208
4209
4210
4211
4212
4213
4214
4215
4216
4217
4218
4219
4220
4221
4222
4223
4224
4225
4226
4227
4228
4229
4230
4231
4232
4233
4234
4235
4236
4237
4238
4239
4240
4241
4242
4243
4244
4245
4246
4247
4248
4249
4250
4251
4252
4253
4254
4255
4256
4257
4258
4259
4260
4261
4262
4263
4264
4265
4266
4267
4268
4269
4270
4271
4272
4273
4274
4275
4276
4277
4278
4279
4280
4281
4282
4283
4284
4285
4286
4287
4288
4289
4290
4291
4292
4293
4294
4295
4296
4297
4298
4299
4300
4301
4302
4303
4304
4305
4306
4307
4308
4309
4310
4311
4312
4313
4314
4315
4316
4317
4318
4319
4320
4321
4322
4323
4324
4325
4326
4327
4328
4329
4330
4331
4332
4333
4334
4335
4336
4337
4338
4339
4340
4341
4342
4343
4344
4345
4346
4347
4348
4349
4350
4351
4352
4353
4354
4355
4356
4357
4358
4359
4360
4361
4362
4363
4364
4365
4366
4367
4368
4369
4370
4371
4372
4373
4374
4375
4376
4377
4378
4379
4380
4381
4382
4383
4384
4385
4386
4387
4388
4389
4390
4391
4392
4393
4394
4395
4396
4397
4398
4399
4400
4401
4402
4403
4404
4405
4406
4407
4408
4409
4410
4411
4412
4413
4414
4415
4416
4417
4418
4419
4420
4421
4422
4423
4424
4425
4426
4427
4428
4429
4430
4431
4432
4433
4434
4435
4436
4437
4438
4439
4440
4441
4442
4443
4444
4445
4446
4447
4448
4449
4450
4451
4452
4453
4454
4455
4456
4457
4458
4459
4460
4461
4462
4463
4464
4465
4466
4467
4468
4469
4470
4471
4472
4473
4474
4475
4476
4477
4478
4479
4480
4481
4482
4483
4484
4485
4486
4487
4488
4489
4490
4491
4492
4493
4494
4495
4496
4497
4498
4499
4500
4501
4502
4503
4504
4505
4506
4507
4508
4509
4510
4511
4512
4513
4514
4515
4516
4517
4518
4519
4520
4521
4522
4523
4524
4525
4526
4527
4528
4529
4530
4531
4532
4533
4534
4535
4536
4537
4538
4539
4540
4541
4542
4543
4544
4545
4546
4547
4548
4549
4550
4551
4552
4553
4554
4555
4556
4557
4558
4559
4560
4561
4562
4563
4564
4565
4566
4567
4568
4569
4570
4571
4572
4573
4574
4575
4576
4577
4578
4579
4580
4581
4582
4583
4584
4585
4586
4587
4588
4589
4590
4591
4592
4593
4594
4595
4596
4597
4598
4599
4600
4601
4602
4603
4604
4605
4606
4607
4608
4609
4610
4611
4612
4613
4614
4615
4616
4617
4618
4619
4620
4621
4622
4623
4624
4625
4626
4627
4628
4629
4630
4631
4632
4633
4634
4635
4636
4637
4638
4639
4640
4641
4642
4643
4644
4645
4646
4647
4648
4649
4650
4651
4652
4653
4654
4655
4656
4657
4658
4659
4660
4661
4662
4663
4664
4665
4666
4667
4668
4669
4670
4671
4672
4673
4674
4675
4676
4677
4678
4679
4680
4681
4682
4683
4684
4685
4686
4687
4688
4689
4690
4691
4692
4693
4694
4695
4696
4697
4698
4699
4700
4701
4702
4703
4704
4705
4706
4707
4708
4709
4710
4711
4712
4713
4714
4715
4716
4717
4718
4719
4720
4721
4722
4723
4724
4725
4726
4727
4728
4729
4730
4731
4732
4733
4734
4735
4736
4737
4738
4739
4740
4741
4742
4743
4744
4745
4746
4747
4748
4749
4750
4751
4752
4753
4754
4755
4756
4757
4758
4759
4760
4761
4762
4763
4764
4765
4766
4767
4768
4769
4770
4771
4772
4773
4774
4775
4776
4777
4778
4779
4780
4781
4782
4783
4784
4785
4786
4787
4788
4789
4790
4791
4792
4793
4794
4795
4796
4797
4798
4799
4800
4801
4802
4803
4804
4805
4806
4807
4808
4809
4810
4811
4812
4813
4814
4815
4816
4817
4818
4819
4820
4821
4822
4823
4824
4825
4826
4827
4828
4829
4830
4831
4832
4833
4834
4835
4836
4837
4838
4839
4840
4841
4842
4843
4844
4845
4846
4847
4848
4849
4850
4851
4852
4853
4854
4855
4856
4857
4858
4859
4860
4861
4862
4863
4864
4865
4866
4867
4868
4869
4870
4871
4872
4873
4874
4875
4876
4877
4878
4879
4880
4881
4882
4883
4884
4885
4886
4887
4888
4889
4890
4891
4892
4893
4894
4895
4896
4897
4898
4899
4900
4901
4902
4903
4904
4905
4906
4907
4908
4909
4910
4911
4912
4913
4914
4915
4916
4917
4918
4919
4920
4921
4922
4923
4924
4925
4926
4927
4928
4929
4930
4931
4932
4933
4934
4935
4936
4937
4938
4939
4940
4941
4942
4943
4944
4945
4946
4947
4948
4949
4950
4951
4952
4953
4954
4955
4956
4957
4958
4959
4960
4961
4962
4963
4964
4965
4966
4967
4968
4969
4970
4971
4972
4973
4974
4975
4976
4977
4978
4979
4980
4981
4982
4983
4984
4985
4986
4987
4988
4989
4990
4991
4992
4993
4994
4995
4996
4997
4998
4999
5000
5001
5002
5003
5004
5005
5006
5007
5008
5009
5010
5011
5012
5013
5014
5015
5016
5017
5018
5019
5020
5021
5022
5023
5024
5025
5026
5027
5028
5029
5030
5031
5032
5033
5034
5035
5036
5037
5038
5039
5040
5041
5042
5043
5044
5045
5046
5047
5048
5049
5050
5051
5052
5053
5054
5055
5056
5057
5058
5059
5060
5061
5062
5063
5064
5065
5066
5067
5068
5069
5070
5071
5072
5073
5074
5075
5076
5077
5078
5079
5080
5081
5082
5083
5084
5085
5086
5087
5088
5089
5090
5091
5092
5093
5094
5095
5096
5097
5098
5099
5100
5101
5102
5103
5104
5105
5106
5107
5108
5109
5110
5111
5112
5113
5114
5115
5116
5117
5118
5119
5120
5121
5122
5123
5124
5125
5126
5127
5128
5129
5130
5131
5132
5133
5134
5135
5136
5137
5138
5139
5140
5141
5142
5143
5144
5145
5146
5147
5148
5149
5150
5151
5152
5153
5154
5155
5156
5157
5158
5159
5160
5161
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE chapter SYSTEM "chapter.dtd">

<chapter>
  <header>
    <copyright>
      <year>2004</year><year>2017</year>
      <holder>Ericsson AB. All Rights Reserved.</holder>
    </copyright>
    <legalnotice>
      Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
      you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
      You may obtain a copy of the License at
 
          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0

      Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
      distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
      WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
      See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
      limitations under the License.

    </legalnotice>

    <title>Kernel Release Notes</title>
    <prepared></prepared>
    <docno></docno>
    <date></date>
    <rev></rev>
    <file>notes.xml</file>
  </header>
  <p>This document describes the changes made to the Kernel application.</p>

<section><title>Kernel 5.4.3</title>

    <section><title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
      <list>
        <item>
	    <p> Correct a few contracts. </p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-14889</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Reject loading modules with names containing directory
	    separators ('/' or '\' on Windows).</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-14933 Aux Id: ERL-564, PR-1716 </p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Fix bug in handling of os:cmd/2 option max_size on
	    windows.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-14940</p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>

</section>

<section><title>Kernel 5.4.2</title>

    <section><title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
      <list>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Add <c>os:cmd/2</c> that takes an options map as the
	    second argument.</p>
          <p>
	    Add <c>max_size</c> as an option to <c>os:cmd/2</c> that
	    control the maximum size of the result that
	    <c>os:cmd/2</c> will return.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-14823</p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>

</section>

<section><title>Kernel 5.4.1</title>

    <section><title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
      <list>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Refactored an internal API.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-14784</p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>

</section>

<section><title>Kernel 5.4</title>

    <section><title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
      <list>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Processes which did output after switching jobs (Ctrl+G)
	    could be left forever stuck in the io request.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-14571 Aux Id: ERL-472 </p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>


    <section><title>Improvements and New Features</title>
      <list>
        <item>
	    <p>Lock counting can now be fully toggled at runtime in
	    the lock counting emulator (<c>-emu_type lcnt</c>).
	    Everything is enabled by default to match the old
	    behavior, but specific categories can be toggled at will
	    with minimal runtime overhead when disabled. Refer to the
	    documentation on <c>lcnt:rt_mask/1</c> for details.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-13170</p>
        </item>
        <item>
	    <p><c>lcnt:collect</c> and <c>lcnt:clear</c> will no
	    longer block all other threads in the runtime system.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-14412</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    General Unicode improvements.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-14462</p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>

</section>

<section><title>Kernel 5.3.1</title>

    <section><title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
      <list>
        <item>
	    <p>The documentation for the 'quiet' option in
	    disk_log:open/1 had an incorrect default value.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-14498</p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>

</section>

<section><title>Kernel 5.3</title>

    <section><title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
      <list>
        <item>
	    <p>Function <c>inet:ntoa/1</c> has been fixed to return
	    lowercase letters according to RFC 5935 that has been
	    approved after this function was written. Previously
	    uppercase letters were returned so this may be a
	    backwards incompatible change depending on how the
	    returned address string is used.</p>
	    <p>Function <c>inet:parse_address/1</c> has been fixed to
	    accept %-suffixes on scoped addresses. The addresses does
	    not work yet, but gives no parse errors.</p>
          <p>
	    *** POTENTIAL INCOMPATIBILITY ***</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-13006 Aux Id: ERIERL-20, ERL-429 </p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Fix bug where gethostname would incorrectly fail with
	    enametoolong on Linux.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-14310</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Fix bug causing <c>code:is_module_native</c> to falsely
	    return true when <c>local</c> call trace is enabled for
	    the module.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-14390</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Add early reject of invalid node names from distributed
	    nodes.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-14426</p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>


    <section><title>Improvements and New Features</title>
      <list>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Since Unicode is now allowed in atoms an extra check is
	    needed for node names, which are restricted to Latin-1.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-13805</p>
        </item>
        <item>
	    <p>Replaced usage of deprecated symbolic <seealso
	    marker="erts:erlang#type-time_unit"><c>time
	    unit</c></seealso> representations.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-13831 Aux Id: OTP-13735 </p>
        </item>
        <item>
	    <p><c>file:write_file(Name, Data, [raw])</c> would turn
	    <c>Data</c> into a single binary before writing. This
	    meant it could not take advantage of the <c>writev()</c>
	    system call if it was given a list of binaries and told
	    to write with <c>raw</c> mode.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-13909</p>
        </item>
        <item>
	    <p>The performance of the <c>disk_log</c> has been
	    somewhat improved in some corner cases (big items), and
	    the documentation has been clarified. </p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-14057 Aux Id: PR-1245 </p>
        </item>
        <item>
	    <p>Functions for detecting changed code has been added.
	    <c>code:modified_modules/0</c> returns all currently
	    loaded modules that have changed on disk.
	    <c>code:module_status/1</c> returns the status for a
	    module. In the shell and in <c>c</c> module, <c>mm/0</c>
	    is short for <c>code:modified_modules/0</c>, and
	    <c>lm/0</c> reloads all currently loaded modules that
	    have changed on disk.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-14059</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Introduce an event manager in Erlang to handle OS
	    signals. A subset of OS signals may be subscribed to and
	    those are described in the Kernel application.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-14186</p>
        </item>
        <item>
	    <p> Sockets can now be bound to device (SO_BINDTODEVICE)
	    on platforms where it is supported. </p> <p> This has
	    been implemented e.g to support VRF-Lite under Linux; see
	    <url
	    href="https://www.kernel.org/doc/Documentation/networking/vrf.txt">
	    VRF </url>, and GitHub pull request <url
	    href="https://github.com/erlang/otp/pull/1326">#1326</url>.
	    </p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-14357 Aux Id: PR-1326 </p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Added option to store shell_history on disk so that the
	    history can be reused between sessions.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-14409 Aux Id: PR-1420 </p>
        </item>
        <item>
	    <p> The size of crash reports created by
	    <c>gen_server</c>, <c>gen_statem</c> and <c>proc_lib</c>
	    is limited with aid of the Kernel application variable
	    <c>error_logger_format_depth</c>. The purpose is to limit
	    the size of the messages sent to the <c>error_logger</c>
	    process when processes with huge message queues or states
	    crash. </p> <p>The crash report generated by
	    <c>proc_lib</c> includes the new tag
	    <c>message_queue_len</c>. The neighbour report also
	    includes the new tag <c>current_stacktrace</c>. Finally,
	    the neighbour report no longer includes the tags
	    <c>messages</c> and <c>dictionary</c>. </p> <p> The new
	    function <c>error_logger:get_format_depth/0</c> can be
	    used to retrieve the value of the Kernel application
	    variable <c>error_logger_format_depth</c>. </p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-14417</p>
        </item>
        <item>
	    <p> One of the ETS tables used by the <c>global</c>
	    module is created with <c>{read_concurrency, true}</c> in
	    order to reduce contention. </p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-14419</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Warnings have been added to the relevant documentation
	    about not using un-secure distributed nodes in exposed
	    environments.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-14425</p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>

</section>

<section><title>Kernel 5.2</title>

    <section><title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
      <list>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Fix a race during cleanup of os:cmd that would cause
	    os:cmd to hang indefinitely.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-14232 Aux Id: seq13275 </p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>


    <section><title>Improvements and New Features</title>
      <list>
        <item>
	    <p>The functions in the '<c>file</c>' module that take a
	    list of paths (e.g. <c>file:path_consult/2</c>) will now
	    continue to search in the path if the path contains
	    something that is not a directory.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-14191</p>
        </item>
        <item>
	    <p>Two OTP processes that are known to receive many
	    messages are 'rex' (used by 'rpc') and 'error_logger'.
	    Those processes will now store unprocessed messages
	    outside the process heap, which will potentially decrease
	    the cost of garbage collections.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-14192</p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>

</section>

<section><title>Kernel 5.1.1</title>

    <section><title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
      <list>
        <item>
          <p>
	    <c>code:add_pathsa/1</c> and command line option
	    <c>-pa</c> both revert the given list of directories when
	    adding it at the beginning of the code path. This is now
	    documented.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-13920 Aux Id: ERL-267 </p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Add lost runtime dependency to erts-8.1. This should have
	    been done in kernel-5.1 (OTP-19.1) as it cannot run
	    without at least erts-8.1 (OTP-19.1).</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-14003</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Type and doc for gen_{tcp,udp,sctp}:controlling_process/2
	    has been improved.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-14022 Aux Id: PR-1208 </p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>

</section>

<section><title>Kernel 5.1</title>

    <section><title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
      <list>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Fix a memory leak when calling
	    seq_trace:get_system_tracer().</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-13742</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Fix for the problem that when adding the ebin directory
	    of an application to the code path, the
	    <c>code:priv_dir/1</c> function returns an incorrect path
	    to the priv directory of the same application.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-13758 Aux Id: ERL-195 </p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Fix code_server crash when adding code paths of two
	    levels.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-13765 Aux Id: ERL-194 </p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Respect -proto_dist switch while connection to EPMD</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-13770 Aux Id: PR-1129 </p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Fixed a bug where init:stop could deadlock if a process
	    with infinite shutdown timeout (e.g. a supervisor)
	    attempted to load code while terminating.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-13802</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Close stdin of commands run in os:cmd. This is a
	    backwards compatibility fix that restores the behaviour of
	    pre 19.0 os:cmd.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-13867 Aux Id: seq13178 </p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>


    <section><title>Improvements and New Features</title>
      <list>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Add <c>net_kernel:setopts/2</c> and
	    <c>net_kernel:getopts/2</c> to control options for
	    distribution sockets in runtime.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-13564</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Rudimentary support for DSCP has been implemented
	    in the guise of a <c>tclass</c> socket option
	    for IPv6 sockets.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-13582</p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>

</section>

<section><title>Kernel 5.0.2</title>

    <section><title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
      <list>
        <item>
          <p>
	    When calling os:cmd from a process that has set trap_exit
	    to true an 'EXIT' message would be left in the message
	    queue. This bug was introduced in kernel vsn 5.0.1.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-13813</p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>

</section>

<section><title>Kernel 5.0.1</title>

    <section><title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
      <list>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Fix a os:cmd bug where creating a background job using
	    &amp; would cause os:cmd to hang until the background job
	    terminated or closed its stdout and stderr file
	    descriptors. This bug has existed from kernel 5.0.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-13741</p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>

</section>

<section><title>Kernel 5.0</title>

    <section><title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
      <list>
        <item>
	    <p>The handling of <c>on_load</c> functions has been
	    improved. The major improvement is that if a code upgrade
	    fails because the <c>on_load</c> function fails, the
	    previous version of the module will now be retained.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-12593</p>
        </item>
        <item>
	    <p><c>rpc:call()</c> and <c>rpc:block_call()</c> would
	    sometimes cause an exception (which was not mentioned in
	    the documentation). This has been corrected so that
	    <c>{badrpc,Reason}</c> will be returned instead.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-13409</p>
        </item>
        <item>
	    <p>On Windows, for modules that were loaded early (such
	    as the <c>lists</c> module), <c>code:which/1</c> would
	    return the path with mixed slashes and backslashes, for
	    example: <c>"C:\\Program
	    Files\\erl8.0/lib/stdlib-2.7/ebin/lists.beam"</c>. This
	    has been corrected.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-13410</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Make file:datasync use fsync instead of fdatasync on Mac
	    OSX.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-13411</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    The default chunk size for the fallback sendfile
	    implementation, used on platforms that do not have a
	    native sendfile, has been decreased in order to reduce
	    connectivity issues.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-13444</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Large file writes (2Gb or more) could fail on some Unix
	    platforms (for example, OS X and FreeBSD).</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-13461</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    A bug has been fixed where the DNS resolver inet_res did
	    not refresh its view of the contents of for example
	    resolv.conf immediately after start and hence then failed
	    name resolution. Reported and fix suggested by Michal
	    Ptaszek in GitHUB pull req #949.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-13470 Aux Id: Pull #969 </p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Fix process leak from global_group.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-13516 Aux Id: PR-1008 </p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    The function <c>inet:gethostbyname/1</c> now honors the
	    resolver option <c>inet6</c> instead of always looking up
	    IPv4 addresses.</p>
          <p>
	    *** POTENTIAL INCOMPATIBILITY ***</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-13622 Aux Id: PR-1065 </p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    The <c>Status</c> argument to <c>init:stop/1</c> is now
	    sanity checked to make sure <c>erlang:halt</c> does not
	    fail.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-13631 Aux Id: PR-911 </p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>


    <section><title>Improvements and New Features</title>
      <list>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Add {line_delim, byte()} option to inet:setopts/2 and
	    decode_packet/3</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-12837</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Added <seealso
	    marker="kernel:os#perf_counter/1">os:perf_counter/1</seealso>.</p>
          <p>
	    The perf_counter is a very very cheap and high resolution
	    timer that can be used to timestamp system events. It
	    does not have monoticity guarantees, but should on most
	    OS's expose a monotonous time.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-12908</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    The os:cmd call has been optimized on unix platforms to
	    be scale better with the number of schedulers.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-13089</p>
        </item>
        <item>
	    <p>New functions that can load multiple modules at once
	    have been added to the '<c>code</c>' module. The
	    functions are <c>code:atomic_load/1</c>,
	    <c>code:prepare_loading/1</c>,
	    <c>code:finish_loading/1</c>, and
	    <c>code:ensure_modules_loaded/1</c>.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-13111</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    The code path cache feature turned out not to be very
	    useful in practice and has been removed. If an attempt is
	    made to enable the code path cache, there will be a
	    warning report informing the user that the feature has
	    been removed.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-13191</p>
        </item>
        <item>
	    <p>When an attempt is made to start a distributed Erlang
	    node with the same name as an existing node, the error
	    message will be much shorter and easier to read than
	    before. Example:</p>
	    <p><c>Protocol 'inet_tcp': the name somename@somehost
	    seems to be in use by another Erlang node</c></p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-13294</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    The output of the default error logger is somewhat
	    prettier and easier to read. The default error logger is
	    used during start-up of the OTP system. If the start-up
	    fails, the output will be easier to read.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-13325</p>
        </item>
        <item>
	    <p>The functions <c>rpc:safe_multi_server_call/2,3</c>
	    that were deprecated in R12B have been removed.</p>
          <p>
	    *** POTENTIAL INCOMPATIBILITY ***</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-13449</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Update the error reasons in dist_util, and show them in
	    the logs if net_kernel:verbose(1) has been called.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-13458</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Experimental support for Unix Domain Sockets has been
	    implemented. Read the sources if you want to try it out.
	    Example: <c>gen_udp:open(0,
	    [{ifaddr,{local,"/tmp/socket"}}])</c>. Documentation will
	    be written after user feedback on the experimental API.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-13572 Aux Id: PR-612 </p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Allow heart to be configured to not kill the previous
	    emulator before calling the HEART_COMMAND. This is done
	    by setting the environment variable HEART_NO_KILL to
	    TRUE.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-13650</p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>

</section>

<section><title>Kernel 4.2</title>

    <section><title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
      <list>
        <item>
	    <p><c>code:load_abs([10100])</c> would bring down the
	    entire runtime system and create a crash dump. Corrected
	    to generate an error exception in the calling
	    process.</p>
	    <p>Also corrected specs for code loading functions and
	    added more information in the documentation about the
	    error reasons returned by code-loading functions.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-9375</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    <seealso
	    marker="kernel:gen_tcp#accept/2"><c>gen_tcp:accept/2</c></seealso>
	    was not <seealso
	    marker="erts:time_correction#Time_Warp_Safe_Code">time
	    warp safe</seealso>. This since it used the same time as
	    returned by <seealso
	    marker="erts:erlang#now/0"><c>erlang:now/0</c></seealso>
	    when calculating timeout. This has now been fixed.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-13254 Aux Id: OTP-11997, OTP-13222 </p>
        </item>
        <item>
	    <p> Correct the contract for <c>inet:getifaddrs/1</c>.
	    </p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-13335 Aux Id: ERL-95 </p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>


    <section><title>Improvements and New Features</title>
      <list>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Time warp safety improvements.</p>
          <p>
	    Introduced the options <c>monotonic_timestamp</c>, and
	    <c>strict_monotonic_timestamp</c> to the trace,
	    sequential trace, and system profile functionality. This
	    since the already existing <c>timestamp</c> option is not
	    time warp safe.</p>
          <p>
	    Introduced the option <c>safe_fixed_monotonic_time</c> to
	    <c>ets:info/2</c> and <c>dets:info/2</c>. This since the
	    already existing <c>safe_fixed</c> option is not time
	    warp safe.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-13222 Aux Id: OTP-11997 </p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Add validation callback for heart</p>
          <p>
	    The erlang heart process may now have a validation
	    callback installed. The validation callback will be
	    executed, if present, before any heartbeat to heart port
	    program. If the validation fails, or stalls, no heartbeat
	    will be sent and the node will go down.</p>
          <p>
	    With the option <c>'check_schedulers'</c> heart executes
	    a responsiveness check of the schedulers before a
	    heartbeat is sent to the port program. If the
	    responsiveness check fails, the heartbeat will not be
	    performed (as intended).</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-13250</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Clarify documentation of <c>net_kernel:allow/1</c></p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-13299</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    EPMD supports both IPv4 and IPv6</p>
          <p>
	    Also affects oldest supported windows version.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-13364</p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>

</section>

<section><title>Kernel 4.1.1</title>

    <section><title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
      <list>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Host name lookups though inet_res, the Erlang DNS
	    resolver, are now done case insensitively according to
	    RFC 4343. Patch by Holger Weiß.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-12836</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    IPv6 distribution handler has been updated to share code
	    with IPv4 so that all features are supported in IPv6 as
	    well. A bug when using an IPv4 address as hostname has
	    been fixed.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-13040</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Caching of host names in the internal DNS resolver
	    inet_res has been made character case insensitive for
	    host names according to RFC 4343.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-13083</p>
        </item>
        <item>
	    <p>Cooked file mode buffering has been fixed so
	    file:position/2 now works according to Posix on Posix
	    systems i.e. when file:position/2 returns an error the
	    file pointer is unaffected.</p> <p>The Windows system
	    documentation, however, is unclear on this point so the
	    documentation of file:position/2 still does not promise
	    anything.</p> <p>Cooked file mode file:pread/2,3 and
	    file:pwrite/2,3 have been corrected to honor character
	    encoding like the combination of file:position/2 and
	    file:read/2 or file:write/2 already does. This is
	    probably not very useful since the character
	    representation on the caller's side is latin1,
	    period.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-13155 Aux Id: PR#646 </p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>


    <section><title>Improvements and New Features</title>
      <list>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Add {line_delim, byte()} option to inet:setopts/2 and
	    decode_packet/3</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-12837</p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>

</section>

<section><title>Kernel 4.1</title>

    <section><title>Improvements and New Features</title>
      <list>
        <item>
	    <p>A mechanism for limiting the amount of text that the
	    built-in error logger events will produce has been
	    introduced. It is useful for limiting both the size of
	    log files and the CPU time used to produce them.</p>
	    <p>This mechanism is experimental in the sense that it
	    may be changed if it turns out that it does not solve the
	    problem it is supposed to solve. In that case, there may
	    be backward incompatible improvements to this
	    mechanism.</p>
	    <p>See the documentation for the config parameter
	    <c>error_logger_format_depth</c> in the Kernel
	    application for information about how to turn on this
	    feature.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-12864</p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>

</section>

<section><title>Kernel 4.0</title>

    <section><title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
      <list>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Fix error handling in <c>file:read_line/1</c> for Unicode
	    contents.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-12144</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Introduce <c>os:getenv/2</c> which is similar to
	    <c>os:getenv/1</c> but returns the passed default value
	    if the required environment variable is undefined.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-12342</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    It is now possible to paste text in JCL mode (using
	    Ctrl-Y) that has been copied in the previous shell
	    session. Also a bug that caused the JCL mode to crash
	    when pasting text has been fixed.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-12673</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Ensure that each segment of an IPv6 address when parsed
	    from a string has a maximum of 4 hex digits</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-12773</p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>


    <section><title>Improvements and New Features</title>
      <list>
        <item>
          <p>
	    New BIF: <c>erlang:get_keys/0</c>, lists all keys
	    associated with the process dictionary. Note:
	    <c>erlang:get_keys/0</c> is auto-imported.</p>
          <p>
	    *** POTENTIAL INCOMPATIBILITY ***</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-12151 Aux Id: seq12521 </p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    The internal group to user_drv protocol has been changed
	    to be synchronous in order to guarantee that output sent
	    to a process implementing the user_drv protocol is
	    printed before replying. This protocol is used by the
	    standard_output device and the ssh application when
	    acting as a client. </p>
          <p>
	    This change changes the previous unlimited buffer when
	    printing to standard_io and other devices that end up in
	    user_drv to 1KB.</p>
          <p>
	    *** POTENTIAL INCOMPATIBILITY ***</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-12240</p>
        </item>
        <item>
	    <p>The <c>inflateInit/2</c> and <c>deflateInit/6</c>
	    functions now accepts a WindowBits argument equal to 8
	    and -8.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-12564</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Map error logger warnings to warning messages by default.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-12755</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Map beam error logger warnings to warning messages by
	    default. Previously these messages were mapped to the
	    error channel by default.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-12781</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    gen_tcp:shutdown/2 is now asynchronous</p>
          <p>
	    This solves the following problems with the old
	    implementation:</p>
          <p>
	    It doesn't block when the TCP peer is idle or slow. This
	    is the expected behaviour when shutdown() is called: the
	    caller needs to be able to continue reading from the
	    socket, not be prevented from doing so.</p>
          <p>
	    It doesn't truncate the output. The current version of
	    gen_tcp:shutdown/2 will truncate any outbound data in the
	    driver queue after about 10 seconds if the TCP peer is
	    idle of slow. Worse yet, it doesn't even inform anyone
	    that the data has been truncated: 'ok' is returned to the
	    caller; and a FIN rather than an RST is sent to the TCP
	    peer.</p>
          <p>
	    *** POTENTIAL INCOMPATIBILITY ***</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-12797</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    There are many cases where user code needs to be able to
	    distinguish between a socket that was closed normally and
	    one that was aborted. Setting the option
	    {show_econnreset, true} enables the user to receive
	    ECONNRESET errors on both active and passive sockets.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-12843</p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>

</section>

<section><title>Kernel 3.2.0.1</title>
    <section><title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
      <list>
        <item>
	    <p>The 'raw' socket option could not be used multiple times
	    in one call to any e.g gen_tcp function because only one
	    of the occurrences were used. This bug has been fixed,
	    and also a small bug concerning propagating error codes
	    from within inet:setopts/2.</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-11482 Aux Id: seq12872 </p>
          </item>
        </list>
      </section>
    </section>


<section><title>Kernel 3.2</title>

    <section><title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
      <list>
        <item>
          <p>
	    A bug causing an infinite loop in hostname resolving has
	    been corrected. To trigger this bug you would have to
	    enter an bogus search method from a configuration file
	    e.g .inetrc.</p>
          <p>
	    Bug pinpointed by Emil Holmström</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-12133</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    The standard_error process now handles the getopts I/O
	    protocol request correctly and stores its encoding in the
	    same way as standard_io.</p>
          <p>
	    Also, io:put_chars(standard_error, [oops]) could
	    previously crash the standard_error process. This is now
	    corrected.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-12424</p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>


    <section><title>Improvements and New Features</title>
      <list>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Configuration parameters for the Kernel application that
	    allows setting socket options for the distribution
	    sockets have been added. See the application Kernel
	    documentation; parameters 'inet_dist_listen_options' and
	    'inet_dist_connect_options'.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-12476 Aux Id: OTP-12476 </p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>

</section>

<section><title>Kernel 3.1</title>

    <section><title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
      <list>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Make sure to install .hrl files when needed</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-12197</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Removed the undocumented application environment variable
	    'raw_files' from the kernel application. This variable
	    was checked (by call to application:get_env/2) each time
	    a raw file was to be opened in the file module.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-12276</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    A bug has been fixed when using the netns option to
	    gen_udp, which accidentally only worked if it was the
	    last option.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-12314</p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>


    <section><title>Improvements and New Features</title>
      <list>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Updated documentation for inet buffer size options.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-12296</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Introduce new option 'raw' in file_info and link_info
	    functions. This option allows the caller not to go
	    through the file server for information about files
	    guaranteed to be local.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-12325</p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>

</section>

<section><title>Kernel 3.0.3</title>

    <section><title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
      <list>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Accept inet:ip_address() in net_adm:names/1</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-12154</p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>

</section>

<section><title>Kernel 3.0.2</title>

    <section><title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
      <list>
        <item>
          <p>
	    OTP-11850 fixed filelib:wildcard/1 to work with broken
	    symlinks. This correction, however, introduced problems
	    since symlinks were no longer followed for functions like
	    filelib:ensure_dir/1, filelib:is_dir/1,
	    filelib:file_size/1, etc. This is now corrected.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-12054 Aux Id: seq12660 </p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>

</section>

<section><title>Kernel 3.0.1</title>

    <section><title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
      <list>
        <item>
          <p>
	    If the Config given to
	    application_controller:change_application_data included
	    other config files, it was only expanded for already
	    existing (loaded) applications. If an upgrade added a new
	    application which had config data in an included config
	    file, the new application did not get correct config
	    data.</p>
          <p>
	    This is now changed so config data will be expanded for
	    all applications.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-11864</p>
        </item>
        <item>
	    <p>It was allowed to re-load pre-loaded modules such as
	    <c>erlang</c>, but that could cause strange and unwanted
	    things to happen, such as call <c>apply/3</c> to loop.
	    Pre-loaded modules are now sticky by default. (Thanks to
	    Loïc Hoguin for reporting this bug.)</p>
	    <p><c>code:add_path("/ending/in/slash/")</c> removes the
	    trailing slash, adding <c>/ending/in/slash</c> to the
	    code path. However,
	    <c>code:del_path("/ending/in/slash/")</c> would fail to
	    remove the path since it did not remove the trailing
	    slash. This has been fixed.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-11913</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Fix erts_debug:size/1 to handle Map sizes</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-11923</p>
        </item>
        <item>
	    <p>The documentation for <c>file:file_info/1</c> has been
	    removed. The function itself was removed a long time
	    ago.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-11982</p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>

</section>

<section><title>Kernel 3.0</title>

    <section><title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
      <list>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Fixed a deadlock possibility in terminate application</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-11171</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Fixed bug where sendfile would return the wrong error
	    code for a remotely closed socket if the socket was in
	    passive mode. (Thanks to Vincent Siliakus for reporting
	    the bug.)</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-11614</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    The new option <c>persistent</c> is added to
	    <c>application:set_env/4</c> and
	    <c>application:unset_env/3</c>. An environment key set
	    with the <c>persistent</c> option will not be overridden
	    by the ones configured in the application resource file
	    on load. This means persistent values will stick after
	    the application is loaded and also on application reload.
	    (Thanks to José Valim)</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-11708</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    The spec for file:set_cwd/1 is modified to also accept
	    binaries as arguments. This has always been allowed in
	    the code, but it was not reflected in the spec since
	    binaries are mostly used for raw file names. Raw file
	    names are names that are not encoded according to
	    file:native_name_encoding(), and these are not allowed in
	    file:set_cwd/1. The spec is now, however, more allowing
	    in order to avoid unnecessary dialyzer warnings. Raw file
	    names will still fail in runtime with reason
	    'no_translation'. (Thanks to José Valim)</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-11787</p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>

    <section><title>Improvements and New Features</title>
      <list>
        <item>
          <p>
	    heart:set_cmd/1 is updated to allow unicode code points >
	    255 in the given heart command</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-10843</p>
        </item>
        <item>
	    <p> Dialyzer's <c>unmatched_return</c> warnings have been
	    corrected. </p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-10908</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Make erlang:open_port/2 spawn and spawn_executable handle
	    unicode.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-11105</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Erlang/OTP has been ported to the realtime operating
	    system OSE. The port supports both smp and non-smp
	    emulator. For details around the port and how to started
	    see the User's Guide in the ose application. </p>
          <p>
	    Note that not all parts of Erlang/OTP has been ported. </p>
          <p>
	    Notable things that work are: non-smp and smp emulators,
	    OSE signal interaction, crypto, asn1, run_erl/to_erl,
	    tcp, epmd, distribution and most if not all non-os
	    specific functionality of Erlang.</p>
          <p>
	    Notable things that does not work are: udp/sctp, os_mon,
	    erl_interface, binding of schedulers.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-11334</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Add the {active,N} socket option for TCP, UDP, and SCTP,
	    where N is an integer in the range -32768..32767, to
	    allow a caller to specify the number of data messages to
	    be delivered to the controlling process. Once the
	    socket's delivered message count either reaches 0 or is
	    explicitly set to 0 with inet:setopts/2 or by including
	    {active,0} as an option when the socket is created, the
	    socket transitions to passive ({active, false}) mode and
	    the socket's controlling process receives a message to
	    inform it of the transition. TCP sockets receive
	    {tcp_passive,Socket}, UDP sockets receive
	    {udp_passive,Socket} and SCTP sockets receive
	    {sctp_passive,Socket}. </p>
          <p>
	    The socket's delivered message counter defaults to 0, but
	    it can be set using {active,N} via any gen_tcp, gen_udp,
	    or gen_sctp function that takes socket options as
	    arguments, or via inet:setopts/2. New N values are added
	    to the socket's current counter value, and negative
	    numbers can be used to reduce the counter value.
	    Specifying a number that would cause the socket's counter
	    value to go above 32767 causes an einval error. If a
	    negative number is specified such that the counter value
	    would become negative, the socket's counter value is set
	    to 0 and the socket transitions to passive mode. If the
	    counter value is already 0 and inet:setopts(Socket,
	    [{active,0}]) is specified, the counter value remains at
	    0 but the appropriate passive mode transition message is
	    generated for the socket.</p>
          <p>
	    Thanks to Steve Vinoski</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-11368</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    A call to either the <c>garbage_collect/1</c> BIF or the
	    <c>check_process_code/2</c> BIF may trigger garbage
	    collection of another processes than the process calling
	    the BIF. The previous implementations performed these
	    kinds of garbage collections without considering the
	    internal state of the process being garbage collected. In
	    order to be able to more easily and more efficiently
	    implement yielding native code, these types of garbage
	    collections have been rewritten. A garbage collection
	    like this is now triggered by an asynchronous request
	    signal, the actual garbage collection is performed by the
	    process being garbage collected itself, and finalized by
	    a reply signal to the process issuing the request. Using
	    this approach processes can disable garbage collection
	    and yield without having to set up the heap in a state
	    that can be garbage collected.</p>
          <p>
	    The <seealso
	    marker="erts:erlang#garbage_collect/2"><c>garbage_collect/2</c></seealso>,
	    and <seealso
	    marker="erts:erlang#check_process_code/3"><c>check_process_code/3</c></seealso>
	    BIFs have been introduced. Both taking an option list as
	    last argument. Using these, one can issue asynchronous
	    requests.</p>
          <p>
	    <c>code:purge/1</c> and <c>code:soft_purge/1</c> have
	    been rewritten to utilize asynchronous
	    <c>check_process_code</c> requests in order to
	    parallelize work.</p>
          <p>
	    Characteristics impact: A call to the
	    <c>garbage_collect/1</c> BIF or the
	    <c>check_process_code/2</c> BIF will normally take longer
	    time to complete while the system as a whole wont be as
	    much negatively effected by the operation as before. A
	    call to <c>code:purge/1</c> and <c>code:soft_purge/1</c>
	    may complete faster or slower depending on the state of
	    the system while the system as a whole wont be as much
	    negatively effected by the operation as before.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-11388 Aux Id: OTP-11535, OTP-11648 </p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Add sync option to file:open/2.</p>
          <p>
	    The sync option adds the POSIX O_SYNC flag to the open
	    system call on platforms that support the flag or its
	    equivalent, e.g., FILE_FLAG_WRITE_THROUGH on Windows. For
	    platforms that don't support it, file:open/2 returns
	    {error, enotsup} if the sync option is passed in. Thank
	    to Steve Vinoski and Joseph Blomstedt</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-11498</p>
        </item>
        <item>
	    <p> The contract of <c>inet:ntoa/1</c> has been
	    corrected. </p> <p> Thanks to Max Treskin. </p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-11730</p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>
</section>

<section><title>Kernel 2.16.4.1</title>

  <section><title>Known Bugs and Problems</title>
  <list>
    <item>
      <p>
        When using gen_tcp:connect and the <c>fd</c> option with
        <c>port</c> and/or <c>ip</c>, the <c>port</c> and
        <c>ip</c> options were ignored. This has been fixed so
        that if <c>port</c> and/or <c>ip</c> is specified
        together with <c>fd</c> a bind is requested for that
        <c>fd</c>. If <c>port</c> and/or <c>ip</c> is not
      specified bind will not be called.</p>
      <p>
      Own Id: OTP-12061</p>
    </item>
  </list>
  </section>
</section>

<section><title>Kernel 2.16.4</title>

    <section><title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
      <list>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Fix the typespec for the inet:ifget/2 and inet:ifget/3
	    return value. Thanks to Ali Sabil.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-11377</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Fix various typos in erts, kernel and ssh. Thanks to
	    Martin Hässler.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-11414</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Fix rpc multicall sample code. Thanks to Edwin Fine.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-11471</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Under rare circumstances a process calling <seealso
	    marker="kernel:inet#close/1"><c>inet:close/1</c></seealso>,
	    <seealso
	    marker="kernel:gen_tcp#close/1"><c>gen_tcp:close/1</c></seealso>,
	    <seealso
	    marker="kernel:gen_udp#close/1"><c>gen_udp:close/1</c></seealso>,
	    or <seealso
	    marker="kernel:gen_sctp#close/1"><c>gen_sctp:close/1</c></seealso>
	    could hang in the call indefinitely.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-11491</p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>


    <section><title>Improvements and New Features</title>
      <list>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Add more SCTP errors as described in RFC 4960. Thanks to
	    Artem Teslenko.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-11379</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Add new BIF os:unsetenv/1 which deletes an environment
	    variable. Thanks to Martin Hässler.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-11446</p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>

</section>

<section><title>Kernel 2.16.3</title>

    <section><title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
      <list>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Fix indentation of User switch command help in Erlang
	    shell. Thanks to Sylvain Benner.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-11209</p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>


    <section><title>Improvements and New Features</title>
      <list>
        <item>
          <p>
	    The previous undocumented function ntoa/1 has been added
	    to inet docs and exported in the inet module.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-10676 Aux Id: OTP-10314 </p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Fix typo in abcast() function comment. Thanks to Johannes
	    Weissl.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-11219</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Add application:ensure_all_started/1-2. Thanks to Fred
	    Hebert.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-11250</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Make edlin understand a few important control keys.
	    Thanks to Stefan Zegenhagen.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-11251</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Cleanup of hipe_unified_loader, eliminating uses of
	    is_subtype/2 in specs, change module-local void functions
	    to return 'ok' instead of [] and made sure there are no
	    dialyzer warnings with --Wunmatched_returns. Thanks to
	    Kostis Sagonas.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-11301</p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>

</section>

<section><title>Kernel 2.16.2</title>

    <section><title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
      <list>
        <item>
          <p>
	    A bug in prim_inet has been corrected. If the port owner
	    was killed at a bad time while closing the socket port
	    the port could become orphaned hence causing port and
	    socket leaking. Reported by Fred Herbert, Dmitry Belyaev
	    and others.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-10497 Aux Id: OTP-10562 </p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    A few bugs regarding case sensitivity for hostname
	    resolution while using e.g the internal lookup types
	    'file' and 'dns' has been corrected. When looking up
	    hostnames ASCII letters a-z are to be regarded as the
	    same as A-Z according to RFC 4343 "Domain Name System
	    (DNS) Case Insensitivity Clarification", and this was not
	    always the case.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-10689 Aux Id: seq12227 </p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>


    <section><title>Improvements and New Features</title>
      <list>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Add <c>application:ensure_started/1,2</c>. It is
	    equivavlent to <c>application:start/1,2</c> except it
	    returns <c>ok</c> for already started applications.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-10910</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Optimize communication with file io server. Thanks to
	    Anthony Ramine.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-11040</p>
        </item>
        <item>
	    <p>Erlang source files with non-ASCII characters are now
	    encoded in UTF-8 (instead of latin1).</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-11041 Aux Id: OTP-10907 </p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Optimization of simultaneous <c>inet_db</c> operations on
	    the same socket by using a lock free implementation.</p>
          <p>
	    Impact on the characteristics of the system: Improved
	    performance.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-11074</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    The <c>high_msgq_watermark</c> and
	    <c>low_msgq_watermark</c> <c>inet</c> socket options
	    introduced in OTP-R16A could only be set on TCP sockets.
	    These options are now generic and can be set on all types
	    of sockets.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-11075 Aux Id: OTP-10336 </p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Fix deep list argument error under Windows in os:cmd/1.
	    Thanks to Aleksandr Vinokurov .</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-11104</p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>

</section>

<section><title>Kernel 2.16.1</title>

    <section><title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
      <list>
        <item>
	    <p> A bug that could cause a crash with wrong reason has
	    been corrected in the <c>application_controller</c>
	    module. </p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-10754</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Fix <c>code:is_module_native/1</c> that sometimes in R16A
	    returned false for hipe compiled modules containing BIFs
	    such as <c>lists</c>.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-10870</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Respect <c>{exit_on_close,false}</c> option on tcp socket
	    in non-passive mode when receiving fails (due to an
	    ill-formed packet for example) by only doing a half close
	    and still allow sending on the socket. (Thanks to Anthony
	    Molinaro and Steve Vinoski for reporting the problem)</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-10879</p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>


    <section><title>Improvements and New Features</title>
      <list>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Slightly nicer error message when node start fails due to
	    duplicate name. Thanks to Magnus Henoch.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-10797</p>
        </item>
        <item>
	    <p> Miscellaneous updates due to Unicode support. </p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-10820</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Add a new function code:get_mode() can be used to detect
	    how the code servers behaves. Thanks to Vlad Dumitrescu</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-10823</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Fix type of error Reason on gen_tcp:send/2. Thanks to
	    Sean Cribbs.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-10839</p>
        </item>
        <item>
	    <p><c>file:list_dir_all/1</c> and
	    <c>file:read_link_all/1</c> that can handle raw file
	    names have been added. See the User Guide for STDLIB for
	    information about raw file names.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-10852</p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>

</section>

<section><title>Kernel 2.16</title>

    <section><title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
      <list>
        <item>
          <p>
	    It is no longer possible to have <c>{Mod,Vsn}</c> in the
	    'modules' list in a .app file.</p>
          <p>
	    This was earlier possible, although never documented in
	    the .app file reference manual. It was however visible in
	    the documentation of <c>application:load/[1,2]</c>, where
	    the same term as in a .app file can be used as the first
	    argument.</p>
          <p>
	    The possibility has been removed since the <c>Vsn</c>
	    part was never used.</p>
          <p>
	    *** POTENTIAL INCOMPATIBILITY ***</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-10417</p>
        </item>
        <item>
	    <p> The contract of <c>erl_ddll:format_error/1</c> has
	    been corrected. (Thanks to Joseph Wayne Norton.) </p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-10473</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Change printout of application crash message on startup
	    to formated strings (Thanks to Serge Aleynikov)</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-10620</p>
        </item>
        <item>
	    <p> The type <c>ascii_string()</c> in the <c>base64</c>
	    module has been corrected. The type
	    <c>file:file_info()</c> has been cleaned up. The type
	    <c>file:fd()</c> has been made opaque in the
	    documentation. </p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-10624 Aux Id: kunagi-352 [263] </p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>


    <section><title>Improvements and New Features</title>
      <list>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Inet exported functionality</p>
          <p>
	    inet:parse_ipv4_address/1,
	    inet:parse_ipv4strict_address/1,
	    inet:parse_ipv6_address/1,
	    inet:parse_ipv6strict_address/1, inet:parse_address/1 and
	    inet:parse_strict_address is now exported from the inet
	    module.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-8067 Aux Id: kunagi-274 [185] </p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    A boolean socket option 'ipv6_v6only' for IPv6 sockets
	    has been added. The default value of the option is OS
	    dependent, so applications aiming to be portable should
	    consider using <c>{ipv6_v6only,true}</c> when creating an
	    <c>inet6</c> listening/destination socket, and if
	    necessary also create an <c>inet</c> socket on the same
	    port for IPv4 traffic. See the documentation.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-8928 Aux Id: kunagi-193 [104] </p>
        </item>
        <item>
	    <p> Support for Unicode has been implemented. </p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-10302</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    The documentation for <c>global:register_name/3</c> has
	    been updated to mention that the use of
	    <c>{Module,Function}</c> as the method argument (resolve
	    function) is deprecated.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-10419</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Fixed bug where sendfile on oracle solaris would return
	    an error when a partial send was done.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-10549</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    The <c>error_handler</c> module will now call
	    <c>'$handle_undefined_function'/2</c> if an attempt is
	    made to call a non-existing function in a module that
	    exists. See the documentation for <c>error_handler</c>
	    module for details.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-10617 Aux Id: kunagi-340 [251] </p>
        </item>
        <item>
	    <p>Where necessary a comment stating encoding has been
	    added to Erlang files. The comment is meant to be removed
	    in Erlang/OTP R17B when UTF-8 becomes the default
	    encoding. </p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-10630</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Do not return wrong terms unnecessarily. (Thanks to
	    Kostis Sagonas.)</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-10662</p>
        </item>
        <item>
	    <p> Some examples overflowing the width of PDF pages have
	    been corrected. </p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-10665</p>
        </item>
        <item>
	    <p>Add file:allocate/3 operation</p>
	    <p>This operation allows pre-allocation of space for
	    files. It succeeds only on systems that support such
	    operation. (Thanks to Filipe David Manana)</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-10680</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Add application:get_key/3. The new function provides a
	    default value for a configuration parameter. Thanks to
	    Serge Aleynikov.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-10694</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Add search to Erlang shell's history. Thanks to Fred
	    Herbert.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-10739</p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>

</section>

<section><title>Kernel 2.15.3</title>

    <section><title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
      <list>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Ensure 'erl_crash.dump' when asked for it. This will
	    change erl_crash.dump behaviour.</p>
          <p>
	    * Not setting ERL_CRASH_DUMP_SECONDS will now terminate
	    beam immediately on a crash without writing a crash dump
	    file.</p>
          <p>
	    * Setting ERL_CRASH_DUMP_SECONDS to 0 will also terminate
	    beam immediately on a crash without writing a crash dump
	    file, i.e. same as not setting ERL_CRASH_DUMP_SECONDS
	    environment variable.</p>
          <p>
	    * Setting ERL_CRASH_DUMP_SECONDS to a negative value will
	    let the beam wait indefinitely on the crash dump file
	    being written.</p>
          <p>
	    * Setting ERL_CRASH_DUMP_SECONDS to a positive value will
	    let the beam wait that many seconds on the crash dump
	    file being written.</p>
          <p>
	    A positive value will set an alarm/timeout for restart
	    both in beam and in heart if heart is running.</p>
          <p>
	    *** POTENTIAL INCOMPATIBILITY ***</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-10422 Aux Id: kunagi-250 [161] </p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>

</section>

<section><title>Kernel 2.15.2</title>

    <section><title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
      <list>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Fixed issue where using controlling_process/2 with self()
	    as the second argument caused the port to leak if self()
	    crashes. (Thanks to Ricardo Catalinas Jiménez)</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-10094</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    When sending large files using the file:sendfile fallback
	    file:sendfile would crash. This is now fixed.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-10098</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Fix rpc:call/5 for local calls with a finite Timeout
	    (Thanks to Tomer Chachamu)</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-10149</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    fix escript/primary archive reloading</p>
          <p>
	    If the mtime of an escript/primary archive file changes
	    after being added to the code path, correctly reload the
	    archive and update the cache. (Thanks to Tuncer Ayaz)</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-10151</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Support added for home directories named with non-ASCII
	    characters (codepoints above 127) on a system running in
	    Unicode file mode (e.g. on MacOSX or Linux with startup
	    arguments +fnu or +fna with the right LOCALE). Also
	    environment variables with Unicode content are supported
	    in applicable environments.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-10160</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Allow mixed IPv4 and IPv6 addresses to sctp_bindx</p>
          <p>
	    Also allow mixed address families to bind, since the
	    first address on a multihomed sctp socket must be bound
	    with bind, while the rest are to be bound using
	    sctp_bindx. At least Linux supports adding address of
	    mixing families. Make inet_set_faddress function
	    available also when HAVE_SCTP is not defined, since we
	    use it to find an address for bind to be able to mix ipv4
	    and ipv6 addresses. Thanks to Tomas Abrahamsson</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-10217</p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>


    <section><title>Improvements and New Features</title>
      <list>
        <item>
	    <p>Document inet options: high_watermark, priority,
	    linger and a some other options that previously was
	    undocumented.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-10053</p>
        </item>
        <item>
	    <p>Remove bit8 option support from inet</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-10056</p>
        </item>
        <item>
	    <p> The type of the disk log header has been corrected.
	    (Thanks to Niclas Eklund.) </p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-10131</p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>

</section>

<section><title>Kernel 2.15.1</title>

    <section><title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
      <list>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Driver output has been corrected so output of large
	    binaries (> 4 GiB) now does not silently fail or crash
	    the emulator, but either outputs the binary or fails the
	    call. This means that writing a binary > 4 Gib to file
	    now works but on e.g 64-bit Windows (that has
	    scatter/gather I/O buffer segment lengths of 32 bits)
	    fails. The behaviour may change in the future to always
	    write the binary, in parts if necessary.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-9820 Aux Id: OTP-9795 </p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    erts: minor fix for unnecessary condition erts: change
	    SENDFILE_CHUNK_SIZE from signed to unsigned (Thanks to
	    jovi zhang)</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-9872</p>
        </item>
        <item>
	    <p> Two contracts in <c>gen_sctp</c> have been corrected.
	    </p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-9874</p>
        </item>
        <item>
	    <p>If a process calls a module with an running on_load
	    handler, the process is supposed to be suspended. But if
	    the module with the on_load handler was loading used
	    <c>code:load_binary/3</c>, the call would instead fail
	    with an <c>undef</c> exception.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-9875</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    File name and error reason is now returned if creation of
	    a cookie fails. (Thanks to Magnus Henoch)</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-9954</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Fix port leak in <c>zlib</c> when passing invalid data to
	    <c>compress,uncompress,zip,unzip,gzip,gunzip</c>.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-9981</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Various typographical errors corrected in documentation
	    for the global, error_logger, etop, lists, ets and
	    supervisor modules and in the c_portdriver and kernel_app
	    documentation. (Thanks to Ricardo Catalinas Jiménez)</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-9987</p>
        </item>
        <item>
	    <p> Fix returned error from gen_tcp:accept/1,2 when
	    running out of ports.</p>
          <p>
	    The {error, enfile} return value is badly misleading and
	    confusing for this case, since the Posix ENFILE errno
	    value has a well-defined meaning that has nothing to do
	    with Erlang ports. The fix changes the return value to
	    {error, system_limit}, which is consistent with e.g.
	    various file(3) functions. inet:format_error/1 has also
	    been updated to support system_limit in the same manner
	    as file:format_error/1. (Thanks to Per Hedeland)</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-9990</p>
        </item>
        <item>
	    <p><c>erts_debug:size/1</c> has been corrected to take
	    sharing in the environment of funs into account. For funs
	    it used to always give the same result as
	    <c>erts_debug:flat_size/1</c>.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-9991</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    In some cases when the process doing file:sendfile
	    crashes while sending the file the efile_drv code would
	    not clean up after itself correctly. This has now been
	    fixed.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-9993</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    On BSD based platforms file:sendfile would sometime go
	    into an infinite loop when sending big files. This has
	    now been fixed.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-9994</p>
        </item>
        <item>
	    <p>While <c>disk_log</c> eagerly collects logged terms
	    for better performance, collecting too much data may
	    choke the system and cause huge binaries to be
	    written.</p>
	    <p>The problem was addressed in OTP-9764, but the
	    situation was not improved in all cases.</p>
	    <p>(Thanks to Richard Carlsson.)</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-9999 Aux Id: OTP-9764 </p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    The documentation of .app files incorrectly said that the
	    default value for the <c>mod</c> parameter is
	    <c>undefined</c>. This is now corrected to <c>[]</c>.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-10002</p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>

</section>

<section><title>Kernel 2.15</title>

    <section><title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
      <list>
        <item>
	    <p> Calls to <c>global:whereis_name/1</c> have been
	    substituted for calls to
	    <c>global:safe_whereis_name/1</c> since the latter is not
	    safe at all.</p>
	    <p>The reason for not doing this earlier is that setting
	    a global lock masked out a bug concerning the restart of
	    supervised children. The bug has now been fixed by a
	    modification of <c>global:whereis_name/1</c>. (Thanks to
	    Ulf Wiger for code contribution.)</p>
	    <p>A minor race conditions in <c>gen_fsm:start*</c> has
	    been fixed: if one of these functions returned <c>{error,
	    Reason}</c> or ignore, the name could still be registered
	    (either locally or in <c>global</c>. (This is the same
	    modification as was done for gen_server in OTP-7669.)</p>
	    <p>The undocumented function
	    <c>global:safe_whereis_name/1</c> has been removed. </p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-9212 Aux Id: seq7117, OTP-4174 </p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Honor option <c>packet_size</c> for http packet parsing
	    by both TCP socket and <c>erlang:decode_packet</c>. This
	    gives the ability to accept HTTP headers larger than the
	    default setting, but also avoid DoS attacks by accepting
	    lines only up to whatever length you wish to allow. For
	    consistency, packet type <c>line</c> also honor option
	    <c>packet_size</c>. (Thanks to Steve Vinoski)</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-9389</p>
        </item>
        <item>
	    <p> <c>disk_log:reopen/2,3</c> and
	    <c>disk_log:breopen/3</c> could return the error reason
	    from <c>file:rename/2</c> rather than the reason
	    <c>{file_error, Filename, Reason}</c>. This bug has been
	    fixed. </p> <p> The message <c>{disk_log, Node, {error,
	    disk_log_stopped}}</c> which according the documentation
	    is sent upon failure to truncate or reopen a disk log was
	    sometimes turned into a reply. This bug has been fixed.
	    </p>
          <p>
	    *** POTENTIAL INCOMPATIBILITY ***</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-9508</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Environment variable 'shutdown_timeout' is added to
	    kernel application. Earlier, application_controller would
	    hang forever if an application top supervisor did not
	    terminate upon a shutdown request. If this new
	    environment variable is set to a positive integer T, then
	    application controller will now give up after T
	    milliseconds and instead brutally kill the application.
	    For backwards compatibility, the default value for
	    shutdown_timeout is 'infinity'.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-9540</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Add '-callback' attributes in stdlib's behaviours</p>
          <p>
	    Replace the behaviour_info(callbacks) export in stdlib's
	    behaviours with -callback' attributes for all the
	    callbacks. Update the documentation with information on
	    the callback attribute Automatically generate
	    'behaviour_info' function from '-callback' attributes</p>
          <p>
	    'behaviour_info(callbacks)' is a special function that is
	    defined in a module which describes a behaviour and
	    returns a list of its callbacks.</p>
          <p>
	    This function is now automatically generated using the
	    '-callback' specs. An error is returned by lint if user
	    defines both '-callback' attributes and the
	    behaviour_info/1 function. If no type info is needed for
	    a callback use a generic spec for it. Add '-callback'
	    attribute to language syntax</p>
          <p>
	    Behaviours may define specs for their callbacks using the
	    familiar spec syntax, replacing the '-spec' keyword with
	    '-callback'. Simple lint checks are performed to ensure
	    that no callbacks are defined twice and all types
	    referred are declared.</p>
          <p>
	    These attributes can be then used by tools to provide
	    documentation to the behaviour or find discrepancies in
	    the callback definitions in the callback module.</p>
          <p>
	    Add callback specs into 'application' module in kernel
	    Add callback specs to tftp module following internet
	    documentation Add callback specs to inets_service module
	    following possibly deprecated comments</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-9621</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    make tab completion work in remote shells (Thanks to Mats
	    Cronqvist)</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-9673</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Add missing parenthesis in heart doc.</p>
          <p>
	    Add missing spaces in the Reference Manual distributed
	    section.</p>
          <p>
	    In the HTML version of the doc those spaces are necessary
	    to separate those words.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-9693</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Fixes net_kernel:get_net_ticktime() doc</p>
          <p>
	    Adds missing description when `ignored' is returned.
	    (Thanks to Ricardo Catalinas Jiménez )</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-9713</p>
        </item>
        <item>
	    <p> While <c>disk_log</c> eagerly collects logged terms
	    for better performance, collecting too much data may
	    choke the system and cause huge binaries to be written.
	    In order to remedy the situation a (small) limit on the
	    amount of data that is collected before writing to disk
	    has been introduced. </p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-9764</p>
        </item>
        <item>
	    <list> <item><p>Correct callback spec in application
	    module</p></item> <item><p>Refine warning about callback
	    specs with extra ranges</p></item> <item><p>Cleanup
	    autoimport compiler directives</p></item> <item><p>Fix
	    Dialyzer's warnings in typer</p></item> <item><p>Fix
	    Dialyzer's warning for its own code</p></item>
	    <item><p>Fix bug in Dialyzer's behaviours
	    analysis</p></item> <item><p>Fix crash in
	    Dialyzer</p></item> <item><p>Variable substitution was
	    not generalizing any unknown variables.</p></item>
	    </list>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-9776</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Fix a crash when file:change_time/2,3 are called with
	    invalid dates</p>
          <p>
	    Calling file:change_time/2,3 with an invalid date tuple
	    (e.g file:change_time("file.txt", {undefined,
	    undefined})) will cause file_server_2 to crash.
	    error_logger will shutdown and the whole VM will stop.
	    Change behavior to validate given dates on system
	    boundaries. (i.e before issuing a server call).(Thanks to
	    Ahmed Omar)</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-9785</p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>


    <section><title>Improvements and New Features</title>
      <list>
        <item>
	    <p> An option list argument can now be passed to
	    <c>file:read_file_info/2, file:read_link_info/2</c> and
	    <c>file:write_file_info/3</c> and set time type
	    information in the call. Valid options are <c>{time,
	    local}, {time, universal}</c> and <c>{time, posix}</c>.
	    In the case of <c>posix</c> time no conversions are made
	    which makes the operation a bit faster. </p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-7687</p>
        </item>
        <item>
	    <p><c>file:list_dir/1,2</c> will now fill an buffer
	    entire with filenames from the efile driver before
	    sending it to an erlang process. This will speed up this
	    file operation in most cases.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-9023</p>
        </item>
        <item>
	    <p>gen_sctp:open/0-2 may now return
	    {error,eprotonosupport} if SCTP is not supported</p>
	    <p>gen_sctp:peeloff/1 has been implemented and creates a
	    one-to-one socket which also are supported now</p>
          <p>
	    *** POTENTIAL INCOMPATIBILITY ***</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-9239</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Sendfile has been added to the file module's API.
	    sendfile/2 is used to read data from a file and send it
	    to a tcp socket using a zero copying mechanism if
	    available on that OS.</p>
          <p>
	    Thanks to Tuncer Ayaz and Steve Vinovski for original
	    implementation</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-9240</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Tuple funs (a two-element tuple with a module name and a
	    function) are now officially deprecated and will be
	    removed in R16. Use '<c>fun M:F/A</c>' instead. To make
	    you aware that your system uses tuple funs, the very
	    first time a tuple fun is applied, a warning will be sent
	    to the error logger.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-9649</p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>

</section>

<section><title>Kernel 2.14.5</title>

    <section><title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
      <list>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Fix type of Packet arg of gen_tcp:send/2 and
	    gen_udp:send/4</p>
          <p>
	    The type is marked as a binary() or a string() but in
	    practice it can be an iodata(). The test suite was
	    updated to confirm the gen_tcp/2 and gen_udp:send/4
	    functions accept iodata() (iolists) packets. (Thanks to
	    Filipe David Manana)</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-9514</p>
        </item>
        <item>
	    <p> XML files have been corrected. </p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-9550 Aux Id: OTP-9541 </p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>


    <section><title>Improvements and New Features</title>
      <list>
        <item>
	    <p> The types and specifications of the inet modules have
	    been improved. </p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-9260</p>
        </item>
        <item>
	    <p> Types and specifications have been added. </p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-9356</p>
        </item>
        <item>
	    <p> Contracts in STDLIB and Kernel have been improved and
	    type errors have been corrected. </p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-9485</p>
        </item>
        <item>
	    <p> Update documentation and specifications of some of
	    the zlib functions. </p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-9506</p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>

</section>

<section><title>Kernel 2.14.4</title>

    <section><title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
      <list>
        <item>
          <p>
	    The send_timeout option in gen_tcp did not work properly
	    in active mode or with {active,once} options. This is now
	    corrected.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-9145</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Fixed various typos across the documentation (Thanks to
	    Tuncer Ayaz)</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-9154</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Fix typo in doc of rpc:pmap/3 (Thanks to Ricardo
	    Catalinas Jiménez)</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-9168</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    A bug in inet_res, the specialized DNS resolver, has been
	    corrected. A late answer with unfortunate timing could
	    cause a runtime exception. Some code cleanup and
	    improvements also tagged along. Thanks to Evegeniy
	    Khramtsov for a pinpointing bug report and bug fix
	    testing.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-9221 Aux Id: OTP-8712 </p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>


    <section><title>Improvements and New Features</title>
      <list>
        <item>
	    <p> Types and specifications have been added. </p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-9268</p>
        </item>
        <item>
	    <p> Erlang types and specifications are used for
	    documentation. </p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-9272</p>
        </item>
        <item>
	    <p> Two opaque types that could cause warnings when
	    running Dialyzer have been modified. </p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-9337</p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>

</section>

<section><title>Kernel 2.14.3</title>

    <section><title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
      <list>
        <item>
          <p>
	    <c>os:find_executable/{1,2}</c> will no longer return the
	    path of a directory that happens to be in the PATH.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-8983 Aux Id: seq11749 </p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Fix -spec for file:write_file/3</p>
          <p>
	    Change type for second parameter from binary() to
	    iodata(), since the function explicitly takes steps to
	    accept lists as well as binaries. (thanks to Magnus
	    Henoch).</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-9067</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Sanitize the specs of the code module</p>
          <p>
	    After the addition of unicode_binary() to the
	    file:filename() type, dialyzer started complaining about
	    erroneous or incomplete specs in some functions of the
	    'code' module. The culprit was hard-coded information in
	    erl_bif_types for functions of this module, which were
	    not updated. Since these functions have proper specs
	    these days and code duplication (pun intended) is never a
	    good idea, their type information was removed from
	    erl_bif_types.</p>
          <p>
	    While doing this, some erroneous comments were fixed in
	    the code module and also made sure that the code now runs
	    without dialyzer warnings even when the
	    -Wunmatched_returns option is used.</p>
          <p>
	    Some cleanups were applied to erl_bif_types too.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-9100</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    - Add spec for function that does not return - Strenghen
	    spec - Introduce types to avoid duplication in specs -
	    Add specs for functions that do not return - Add specs
	    for behaviour callbacks - Simplify two specs</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-9127</p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>

</section>

<section><title>Kernel 2.14.2</title>

    <section><title>Improvements and New Features</title>
      <list>
        <item>
          <p>
	    The Erlang VM now supports Unicode filenames. The feature
	    is turned on by default on systems where Unicode
	    filenames are mandatory (Windows and MacOSX), but can be
	    enabled on other systems with the '+fnu' emulator option.
	    Enabling the Unicode filename feature on systems where it
	    is not default is however considered experimental and not
	    to be used for production. Together with the Unicode file
	    name support, the concept of "raw filenames" is
	    introduced, which means filenames provided without
	    implicit unicode encoding translation. Raw filenames are
	    provided as binaries, not lists. For further information,
	    see stdlib users guide and the chapter about using
	    Unicode in Erlang. Also see the file module manual page.</p>
          <p>
	    *** POTENTIAL INCOMPATIBILITY ***</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-8887</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    There is now a new function inet:getifaddrs/0 modeled
	    after C library function getifaddrs() on BSD and LInux
	    that reports existing interfaces and their addresses on
	    the host. This replaces the undocumented and unsupported
	    inet:getiflist/0 and inet:ifget/2.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-8926</p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>

</section>

<section><title>Kernel 2.14.1.1</title>

    <section><title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
      <list>
        <item>
	    <p>In embedded mode, on_load handlers that called
	    <c>code:priv_dir/1</c> or other functions in <c>code</c>
	    would hang the system. Since the <c>crypto</c>
	    application now contains an on_loader handler that calls
	    <c>code:priv_dir/1</c>, including the <c>crypto</c>
	    application in the boot file would prevent the system
	    from starting.</p>
	    <p>Also extended the <c>-init_debug</c> option to print
	    information about on_load handlers being run to
	    facilitate debugging.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-8902 Aux Id: seq11703 </p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>

</section>

<section><title>Kernel 2.14.1</title>

    <section><title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
      <list>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Fixed: inet:setopts(S, [{linger,{true,2}}]) returned
	    {error,einval} for SCTP sockets. The inet_drv had a bug
	    when checking the option size.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-8726 Aux Id: seq11617 </p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    gen_udp:connect/3 was broken for SCTP enabled builds. It
	    did not detect remote end errors as it should.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-8729</p>
        </item>
        <item>
	    <p>reference() has been substituted for ref() in the
	    documentation.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-8733</p>
        </item>
        <item>
	    <p>A bug introduced in kernel-2.13.5.3 has been fixed. If
	    running <c>net_kernel:set_net_ticktime/1</c> twice within
	    the <c>TransitionPerod</c> the second call caused the
	    net_kernel process to crash with a <c>badmatch</c>.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-8787 Aux Id: seq11657, OTP-8643 </p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    inet:getsockopt for SCTP sctp_default_send_param had a
	    bug to not initialize required feilds causing random
	    answers. It is now corrected.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-8795 Aux Id: seq11655 </p>
        </item>
        <item>
	    <p>For a socket in the HTTP packet mode, the return value
	    from <c>gen_tcp:recv/2,3</c> if there is an error in the
	    header will be <c>{ok,{http_error,String}}</c> instead of
	    <c>{error,{http_error,String}}</c> to be consistent with
	    <c>ssl:recv/2,3</c>.</p>
          <p>
	    *** POTENTIAL INCOMPATIBILITY ***</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-8831</p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>


    <section><title>Improvements and New Features</title>
      <list>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Even when configuring erlang with --enable-native-libs,
	    the native code for modules loaded very early (such as
	    lists) would not get loaded. This has been corrected.
	    (Thanks to Paul Guyot.)</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-8750</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    The undocumented function inet:ifget/2 has been improved
	    to return interface hardware address (MAC) on platforms
	    supporting getaddrinfo() (such as BSD unixes). Note it
	    still does not work on all platforms for example not
	    Windows nor Solaris, so the function is still
	    undocumented.</p>
          <p>
	    Buffer overflow and field init bugs for inet:ifget/2 and
	    inet:getservbyname/2 has also been fixed.</p>
          <p>
	    Thanks to Michael Santos.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-8816</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    As a usability improvement the 'inet6' option to
	    functions gen_tcp:listen/2, gen_tcp:connect/3-4,
	    gen_udp:open/2 and gen_sctp:open/1-2 is now implicit if
	    the address argument or the 'ip' option contain an IPv6
	    address (8-tuple).</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-8822</p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>

</section>

<section><title>Kernel 2.14</title>

    <section><title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
      <list>
        <item>
          <p>
	    os:find_executable can now be fed with the complete name
	    of the executable on Windows and still find it. I.e
	    os:find_executable("werl.exe") will work as
	    os:find_executable("werl").</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-3626</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    The shell's line editing has been improved to more
	    resemble the behaviour of readline and other shells.
	    (Thanks to Dave Peticolas)</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-8635</p>
        </item>
        <item>
	    <p>Under certain circumstances the net kernel could hang.
	    (Thanks to Scott Lystig Fritchie.)</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-8643 Aux Id: seq11584 </p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    The kernel DNS resolver was leaking one or two ports if
	    the DNS reply could not be parsed or if the resolver(s)
	    caused noconnection type errors. Bug now fixed. A DNS
	    specification borderline truncated reply triggering the
	    port leakage bug has also been fixed.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-8652</p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>


    <section><title>Improvements and New Features</title>
      <list>
        <item>
	    <p>As of this version, the global name server no longer
	    supports nodes running Erlang/OTP R11B.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-8527</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    The file module's functions write,read and read_line now
	    handles named io_servers like 'standard_io' and
	    'standard_error' correctly.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-8611</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    The functions file:advise/4 and file:datasync/1 have been
	    added. (Thanks to Filipe David Manana.)</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-8637</p>
        </item>
        <item>
	    <p>When exchanging groups between nodes <c>pg2</c> did
	    not remove duplicated members. This bug was introduced in
	    R13B03 (kernel-2.13.4).</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-8653</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    There is a new option 'exclusive' to file:open/2 that
	    uses the OS O_EXCL flag where supported to open the file
	    in exclusive mode.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-8670</p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>

</section>

<section><title>Kernel 2.13.5.3</title>

    <section><title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
      <list>
        <item>
          <p>
            A bug introduced in Kernel 2.13.5.2 has been fixed.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-8686 Aux Id: OTP-8643</p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>

</section>

<section><title>Kernel 2.13.5.2</title>

    <section><title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
      <list>
        <item>
          <p>
            Under certain circumstances the net kernel could hang.
            (Thanks to Scott Lystig Fritchie.)</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-8643 Aux Id: seq11584</p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>

</section>

<section><title>Kernel 2.13.5.1</title>

    <section><title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
      <list>
        <item>
          <p>
	    A race condition in <c>os:cmd/1</c> could cause the
	    caller to get stuck in <c>os:cmd/1</c> forever.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-8502</p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>

</section>

<section><title>Kernel 2.13.5</title>

    <section><title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
      <list>
        <item>
	    <p>A race bug affecting <c>pg2:get_local_members/1</c>
	    has been fixed. The bug was introduced in R13B03.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-8358</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    The loading of native code was not properly atomic in the
	    SMP emulator, which could cause crashes. Also a per-MFA
	    information table for the native code has now been
	    protected with a lock since it turns that it could be
	    accessed concurrently in the SMP emulator. (Thanks to
	    Mikael Pettersson.)</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-8397</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    user.erl (used in oldshell) is updated to handle unicode
	    in prompt strings (io:get_line/{1,2}). io_lib is also
	    updated to format prompts with the 't' modifier (i.e. ~ts
	    instead of ~s).</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-8418 Aux Id: OTP-8393 </p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    The resolver routines failed to look up the own node name
	    as hostname, if the OS native resolver was erroneously
	    configured, bug reported by Yogish Baliga, now fixed.</p>
          <p>
	    The resolver routines now tries to parse the hostname as
	    an IP string as most OS resolvers do, unless the native
	    resolver is used.</p>
          <p>
	    The DNS resolver inet_res and file resolver inet_hosts
	    now do not read OS configuration files until they are
	    needed. Since the native resolver is default, in most
	    cases they are never needed.</p>
          <p>
	    The DNS resolver's automatic updating of OS configuration
	    file data (/etc/resolv.conf) now uses the 'domain'
	    keyword as default search domain if there is no 'search'
	    keyword.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-8426 Aux Id: OTP-8381 </p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>


    <section><title>Improvements and New Features</title>
      <list>
        <item>
          <p>
	    The expected return value for an on_load function has
	    been changed. (See the section about code loading in the
	    Reference manual.)</p>
          <p>
	    *** POTENTIAL INCOMPATIBILITY ***</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-8339</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Explicit top directories in archive files are now
	    optional.</p>
          <p>
	    For example, if an archive (app-vsn.ez) just contains an
	    app-vsn/ebin/mod.beam file, the file info for the app-vsn
	    and app-vsn/ebin directories are faked using the file
	    info from the archive file as origin. The virtual
	    direcories can also be listed. For short, the top
	    directories are virtual if they does not exist.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-8387</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    <c>code:clash/0</c> now looks inside archives (.ez
	    files). (Thanks to Tuncer Ayaz.)</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-8413</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    There are new <c>gen_sctp:connect_init/*</c> functions
	    that initiate an SCTP connection without blocking for the
	    result. The result is delivered asynchronously as an
	    sctp_assoc_change event. (Thanks to Simon Cornish.)</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-8414</p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>

</section>

<section><title>Kernel 2.13.4</title>

    <section><title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
      <list>
        <item>
	    <p>A link in <c>pg2(3)</c> has been fixed. (Thanks to
	    Christophe Romain.)</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-8198</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    A ticker process could potentially be blocked
	    indefinitely trying to send a tick to a node not
	    responding. If this happened, the connection would not be
	    brought down as it should.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-8218</p>
        </item>
        <item>
	    <p>A bug in <c>pg2</c> when members who died did not
	    leave process groups has been fixed. (Thanks to Matthew
	    Dempsky.)</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-8259</p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>


    <section><title>Improvements and New Features</title>
      <list>
        <item>
          <p>
	    The documentation is now built with open source tools
	    (xsltproc and fop) that exists on most platforms. One
	    visible change is that the frames are removed.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-8201</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    The top directory in archive files does not need to have
	    a <c>-vsn</c> suffix anymore. For example if the archive
	    file has the name like <c>mnesia-4.4.7.ez</c> the top
	    directory in the archive can either be named
	    <c>mnesia</c> or <c>mnesia-4.4.7</c>. If the archive file
	    has a name like <c>mnesia.ez</c> the top directory in the
	    archive must be named <c>mnesia</c> as earlier.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-8266</p>
        </item>
        <item>
	    <p>The -on_load() directive can be used to run a function
	    when a module is loaded. It is documented in the section
	    about code loading in the Reference Manual.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-8295</p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>

</section>

<section><title>Kernel 2.13.3</title>

    <section><title>Improvements and New Features</title>
      <list>
        <item>
	    <p> The DNS resolver client inet_res has been rewritten,
	    documented and released. See inet_res(3) and Erts User's
	    Guide: Inet configuration. </p><p> It can formally not be
	    incompatible with respect to earlier versions since there
	    was no earlier official version. However it was used
	    before and some details have changed. </p><p>
	    Configuration now initializes from /etc/resolv.conf and
	    /etc/hosts on all unix platforms regardless of which
	    distribution mode the node is started in. The directory
	    (/etc) these files are supposed to reside in can be
	    changed via an environment variable. These configuration
	    file locations can also be changed in the inet
	    configuration. The files are monitored for change and
	    re-read, which makes a few resolver configuration
	    variables out of application control. The /etc/hosts
	    entries have now their own cache table that is shadowed
	    (with lookup method 'file' is used) by the application
	    configured host entries. This problem (that inet_res
	    configuration only worked for distribution mode long
	    names) was among other reported by Matthew O'Gorman many
	    moons ago. </p><p> The lookup methods are still 'native'
	    only per default. Resolver configuration is done on all
	    Unix platforms just to get a usable configuration for
	    direct calls to inet_res. </p><p> The functions
	    <c>inet_res:nslookup/3..5</c> and
	    <c>inet_res:nnslookup/4..4</c> are no longer recommended
	    to use, instead use <c>inet_res:lookup/3..5</c> and
	    <c>inet_res:resolve/3..5</c> which provide clearer
	    argument types and the possibility to override options in
	    the call. </p><p> Users of previous unsupported versions
	    of inet_res have included internal header files to get to
	    the internal record definitions in order to examine DNS
	    replies. This is still unsupported and there are access
	    functions in inet_dns to use instead. These are
	    documented in inet_res(3). </p><p> Bug fix: a compression
	    reference loop would make DNS message decoding loop
	    forever. Problem reported by Florian Weimer. </p><p> Bug
	    fix and patch suggestion by Sergei Golovan: configuring
	    IPv6 nameservers did not work. His patch (as he warned)
	    created many UDP sockets; one per nameserver. This has
	    been fixed in the released version. </p><p> Improvement:
	    <c>inet_res</c> is now EDNS0 capable. The current
	    implementation is simple and does not probe and cache
	    EDNS info for nameservers, which a fully capable
	    implementation probably should do. EDNS has to be enabled
	    via resolver configuration, and if a nameserver replies
	    that it does not support EDNS, <c>inet_res</c> falls back
	    to a regular DNS query. </p><p> Improvement: now
	    <c>inet_res</c> automatically falls back to TCP if it
	    gets a truncated answer from a nameserver. </p><p>
	    Warning: some of the ancient and exotic record types
	    handled by <c>inet_res</c> and <c>inet_dns</c> are not
	    supported by current versions of BIND, so they could not
	    be tested after the rewrite, with reasonable effort, e.g
	    MD, MF, NULL, and SPF. The risk for bugs in these
	    particular records is still low since their code is
	    mostly shared with other tested record types. </p>
          <p>
	    *** POTENTIAL INCOMPATIBILITY ***</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-7955 Aux Id: OTP-7107 OTP-6852 </p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    A TCP socket with option <c>{packet,4}</c> could crash
	    the emulator if it received a packet header with a very
	    large size value (>2Gb). The same bug caused
	    <c>erlang:decode_packet/3</c> to return faulty values.
	    (Thanks to Georgos Seganos.)</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-8102</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    The file module has now a read_line/1 function similar to
	    the io:get_line/2, but with byte oriented semantics. The
	    function file:read_line/1 works for raw files as well,
	    but for good performance it is recommended to use it
	    together with the 'read_ahead' option for raw file
	    access.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-8108</p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>

</section>

<section><title>Kernel 2.13.2</title>

    <section><title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
      <list>
        <item>
          <p>
	    A bug when doing io:get_line (among other calls) from a
	    file opened with encoding other than latin1, causing
	    false unicode errors to occur, is now corrected.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-7974</p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>


    <section><title>Improvements and New Features</title>
      <list>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Added functionality to get higher resolution timestamp
	    from system. The erlang:now function returns a timestamp
	    that's not always consistent with the actual operating
	    system time (due to resilience against large time changes
	    in the operating system). The function os:timestamp/0 is
	    added to get a similar timestamp as the one being
	    returned by erlang:now, but untouched by Erlangs time
	    correcting and smoothing algorithms. The timestamp
	    returned by os:timestamp is always consistent with the
	    operating systems view of time, like the calendar
	    functions for getting wall clock time, but with higher
	    resolution. Example of usage can be found in the os
	    manual page.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-7971</p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>

</section>

<section><title>Kernel 2.13.1</title>

    <section><title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
      <list>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Many concurrent calls to <c>os:cmd/1</c> will only block
	    one scheduler thread at a time, making an smp emulator
	    more responsive if the OS is slow forking processes.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-7890 Aux Id: seq11219 </p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Fixed hanging early RPC that did IO operation during node
	    start.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-7903 Aux Id: seq11224 </p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    The error behavior of gen_tcp and gen_udp has been
	    corrected. gen_tcp:connect/3,4 and gen_udp:send/4 now
	    returns {error,eafnosupport} for conflicting destination
	    address versus socket address family. Other corner cases
	    for IP address string host names combined with not using
	    the native (OS) resolver (which is not default) has also
	    been changed to return {error,nxdomain} instead of
	    {error,einval}. Those changes just may surprise old
	    existing code. gen_tcp:listen/2 and gen_udp:open/2 now
	    fails for conflicting local address versus socket address
	    family instead of trying to use an erroneous address.
	    Problem reported by Per Hedeland.</p>
          <p>
	    *** POTENTIAL INCOMPATIBILITY ***</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-7929</p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>


    <section><title>Improvements and New Features</title>
      <list>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Several glitches and performance issues in the Unicode
	    and I/O-system implementation of R13A have been
	    corrected.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-7896 Aux Id: OTP-7648 OTP-7887 </p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    The unsupported DNS resolver client inet_res has now been
	    improved to handle NAPTR queries.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-7925 Aux Id: seq11231 </p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>

</section>


<section><title>Kernel 2.13</title>

    <section><title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
      <list>
        <item>
          <p>
	    The old Erlang DNS resolver inet_res has been corrected
	    to handle TXT records with more than one character
	    string. Patch courtesy of Geoff Cant.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-7588</p>
        </item>
        <item>
	    <p>When chunk reading a disk log opened in read_only
	    mode, bad terms could crash the disk log process.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-7641 Aux Id: seq11090 </p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    <c>gen_tcp:send()</c> did sometimes (only observed on
	    Solaris) return <c>{error,enotconn}</c> instead of the
	    expected <c>{error,closed}</c> as the peer socket had
	    been explicitly closed.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-7647</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    The gen_sctp option sctp_peer_addr_params,
	    #sctp_paddrparams{address={IP,Port} was erroneously
	    decoded in the inet driver. This bug has now been
	    corrected.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-7755</p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>


    <section><title>Improvements and New Features</title>
      <list>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Erlang programs can now access STDERR on platforms where
	    such a file descriptor is available by using the
	    io_server 'standard_error', i.e.
	    io:format(standard_error,"~s~n",[ErrorMessage]),</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-6688</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    The format of the string returned by
	    <c>erlang:system_info(system_version)</c> (as well as the
	    first message when Erlang is started) has changed. The
	    string now contains the both the OTP version number as
	    well as the erts version number.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-7649</p>
        </item>
        <item>
	    <p>As of this version, the global name server no longer
	    supports nodes running Erlang/OTP R10B.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-7661</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    A <c>{nodedown, Node}</c> message passed by the
	    <c>net_kernel:monitor_nodes/X</c> functionality is now
	    guaranteed to be sent after <c>Node</c> has been removed
	    from the result returned by <c>erlang:nodes/Y</c>.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-7725</p>
        </item>
        <item>
	    <p>The deprecated functions <c>erlang:fault/1</c>,
	    <c>erlang:fault/2</c>, and <c>file:rawopen/2</c> have
	    been removed.</p>
          <p>
	    *** POTENTIAL INCOMPATIBILITY ***</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-7812</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Nodes belonging to different independent clusters can now
	    co-exist on the same host with the help of a new
	    environment variable setting ERL_EPMD_PORT.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-7826</p>
        </item>
        <item>
	    <p>The copyright notices have been updated.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-7851</p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>

</section>

<section><title>Kernel 2.12.5.1</title>

    <section><title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
      <list>
        <item>
	    <p>When chunk reading a disk log opened in read_only
	    mode, bad terms could crash the disk log process.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-7641 Aux Id: seq11090 </p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Calling <c>gen_tcp:send()</c> from several processes on
	    socket with option <c>send_timeout</c> could lead to much
	    longer timeout than specified. The solution is a new
	    socket option <c>{send_timeout_close,true}</c> that will
	    do automatic close on timeout. Subsequent calls to send
	    will then immediately fail due to the closed connection.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-7731 Aux Id: seq11161 </p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>

</section>

<section><title>Kernel 2.12.5</title>

    <section><title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
      <list>
        <item>
	    <p>The documentation of <c>rpc:pmap/3</c> has been
	    corrected. (Thanks to Kirill Zaborski.)</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-7537</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    The listen socket used for the distributed Erlang
	    protocol now uses the socket option 'reuseaddr', which is
	    useful when you force the listen port number using kernel
	    options 'inet_dist_listen_min' and 'inet_dist_listen_max'
	    and restarts a node with open connections.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-7563</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Fixed memory leak of unclosed TCP-ports. A gen_tcp:send()
	    followed by a failing gen_tcp:recv() could in some cases
	    cause the port to linger after being closed.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-7615</p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>


    <section><title>Improvements and New Features</title>
      <list>
        <item>
	    <p>Processes spawned using <c>proc_lib</c> (including
	    <c>gen_server</c> and other library modules that use
	    <c>proc_lib</c>) no longer keep the entire argument list
	    for the initial call, but only the arity.</p>
	    <p>Also, if <c>proc_lib:spawn/1</c> is used to spawn a
	    fun, the actual fun is not kept, but only module,
	    function name, and arity of the function that implements
	    the fun.</p>
	    <p>The reason for the change is that keeping the initial
	    fun (or a fun in an argument list), would prevent
	    upgrading the code for the module. A secondary reason is
	    that keeping the fun and function arguments could waste a
	    significant amount of memory.</p>
	    <p>The drawback with the change is that the crash reports
	    will provide less precise information about the initial
	    call (only <c>Module:Function/Arity</c> instead of
	    <c>Module:Function(Arguments)</c>). The function
	    <c>proc_lib:initial_call/1</c> still returns a list, but
	    each argument has been replaced with a dummy atom.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-7531 Aux Id: seq11036 </p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    <c>io:get_line/1</c> when reading from standard input is
	    now substantially faster. There are also some minor
	    performance improvements in <c>io:get_line/1</c> when
	    reading from any file opened in binary mode. (Thanks to
	    Fredrik Svahn.)</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-7542</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    There is now experimental support for loading of code
	    from archive files. See the documentation of <c>code</c>,
	    <c>init</c>, <c>erl_prim_loader </c> and <c>escript</c>
	    for more info.</p>
          <p>
	    The error handling of <c>escripts</c> has been improved.</p>
          <p>
	    An <c>escript</c> may now set explicit arguments to the
	    emulator, such as <c>-smp enabled</c>.</p>
          <p>
	    An <c>escript</c> may now contain a precompiled beam
	    file.</p>
          <p>
	    An <c>escript</c> may now contain an archive file
	    containing one or more applications (experimental).</p>
          <p>
	    The internal module <c>code_aux</c> has been removed.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-7548 Aux Id: otp-6622 </p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    <c>code:is_sticky/1</c> is now documented. (Thanks to
	    Vlad Dumitrescu.)</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-7561</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    In the job control mode, the "s" and "r" commands now
	    take an optional argument to specify which shell to
	    start. (Thanks to Robert Virding.)</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-7617</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    <c>net_adm:world/0,1</c> could crash if called in an
	    emulator that has not been started with either the
	    <c>-sname</c> or <c>-name</c> option; now it will return
	    an empty list. (Thanks to Edwin Fine.)</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-7618</p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>

</section>

<section><title>Kernel 2.12.4</title>

    <section><title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
      <list>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Large files are now handled on Windows, where the
	    filesystem supports it.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-7410</p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>


    <section><title>Improvements and New Features</title>
      <list>
        <item>
          <p>
	    New BIF <c>erlang:decode_packet/3</c> that extracts a
	    protocol packet from a binary. Similar to the socket
	    option <c>{packet, Type}</c>. Also documented the socket
	    packet type <c>http</c> and made it official.
	    <em>NOTE</em>: The tuple format for <c>http</c> packets
	    sent from an active socket has been changed in an
	    incompatible way.</p>
          <p>
	    *** POTENTIAL INCOMPATIBILITY ***</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-7404</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Setting the <c>{active,once}</c> for a socket (using
	    inets:setopts/2) is now specially optimized (because the
	    <c>{active,once}</c> option is typically used much more
	    frequently than other options).</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-7520</p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>

</section>

<section><title>Kernel 2.12.3</title>

    <section><title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
      <list>
        <item>
          <p>
	    SCTP_ADDR_CONFIRMED events are now handled by gen_sctp.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-7276</p>
        </item>
        <item>
	    <p>When leaving a process group with <c>pg2:leave/2</c>
	    the process was falsely assumed to be a member of the
	    group. This bug has been fixed.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-7277</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    In the Erlang shell, using up and down arrow keys, the
	    wrong previous command could sometimes be retrieved.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-7278</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    The documentation for <c>erlang:trace/3</c> has been
	    corrected.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-7279 Aux Id: seq10927 </p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    In the SMP emulator, there was small risk that
	    <c>code:purge(Mod)</c> would kill a process that was
	    running code in <c>Mod</c> and unload the module
	    <c>Mod</c> before the process had terminated.
	    <c>code:purge(Mod)</c> now waits for confirmation (using
	    <c>erlang:monitor/2</c>) that the process has been killed
	    before proceeding.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-7282</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    <c>zlib:inflate</c> failed when the size of the inflated
	    data was an exact multiple of the internal buffer size
	    (4000 bytes by default).</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-7359</p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>


    <section><title>Improvements and New Features</title>
      <list>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Additional library directories can now be specified in
	    the environment variable ERL_LIBS. See the manual page
	    for the <c>code</c> module. (Thanks to Serge Aleynikov.)</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-6940</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    crypto and zlib drivers improved to allow concurrent smp
	    access.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-7262</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    There is a new function <c>init:stop/1</c> which can be
	    used to shutdown the system cleanly AND generate a
	    non-zero exit status or crash dump. (Thanks to Magnus
	    Froberg.)</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-7308</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    The <c>hide</c> option for <c>open_port/2</c> is now
	    documented. (Thanks to Richard Carlsson.)</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-7358</p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>

</section>


<section><title>Kernel 2.12.2.1</title>

    <section><title>Improvements and New Features</title>
      <list>
        <item>
          <p>
            <c>os:cmd/1</c> on unix platforms now use <c>/bin/sh</c>
            as shell instead of looking for <c>sh</c> in the
            <c>PATH</c> environment.</p>
          <p>
            Own Id: OTP-7283</p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>

</section>
<section><title>Kernel 2.12.2</title>

    <section><title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
      <list>
        <item>
	    <p>A bug caused by a race condition involving
	    <c>disk_log</c> and <c>pg2</c> has been fixed.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-7209 Aux Id: seq10890 </p>
        </item>
        <item>
	    <p>The beta testing module <c>gen_sctp</c> now supports
	    active mode as stated in the documentation. Active mode
	    is still rather untested, and there are some issues about
	    what should be the right semantics for
	    <c>gen_sctp:connect/5</c>. In particular: should it be
	    blocking or non-blocking or choosable. There is a high
	    probability it will change semantics in a (near) future
	    patch.</p> <p>Try it, give comments and send in bug
	    reports!</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-7225</p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>


    <section><title>Improvements and New Features</title>
      <list>
        <item>
	    <p><c>erlang:system_info/1</c> now accepts the
	    <c>logical_processors</c>, and <c>debug_compiled</c>
	    arguments. For more info see the, <c>erlang(3)</c>
	    documentation.</p> <p>The scale factor returned by
	    <c>test_server:timetrap_scale_factor/0</c> is now also
	    effected if the emulator uses a larger amount of
	    scheduler threads than the amount of logical processors
	    on the system. </p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-7175</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Updated the documentation for
	    <c>erlang:function_exported/3</c> and <c>io:format/2</c>
	    functions to no longer state that those functions are
	    kept mainly for backwards compatibility.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-7186</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    A process executing the <c>processes/0</c> BIF can now be
	    preempted by other processes during its execution. This
	    in order to disturb the rest of the system as little as
	    possible. The returned result is, of course, still a
	    consistent snapshot of existing processes at a time
	    during the call to <c>processes/0</c>.</p>
          <p>
	    The documentation of the <c>processes/0</c> BIF and the
	    <c>is_process_alive/1</c> BIF have been updated in order
	    to clarify the difference between an existing process and
	    a process that is alive.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-7213</p>
        </item>
        <item>
	    <p><c>tuple_size/1</c> and <c>byte_size/1</c> have been
	    substituted for <c>size/1</c> in the documentation.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-7244</p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>

</section>

<section><title>Kernel 2.12.1.2</title>

    <section><title>Improvements and New Features</title>
      <list>
        <item>
	    <p>The <c>{allocator_sizes, Alloc}</c> and
	    <c>alloc_util_allocators</c> arguments are now accepted
	    by <c>erlang:system_info/1</c>. For more information see
	    the <c>erlang(3)</c> documentation.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-7167</p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>

</section>

<section><title>Kernel 2.12.1.1</title>

    <section><title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
      <list>
        <item>
          <p>
            Fixed a problem in group that could cause the ssh server
            to lose answers or hang.</p>
          <p>
            Own Id: OTP-7185 Aux Id: seq10871 </p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>
</section>
<section><title>Kernel 2.12.1</title>

    <section><title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
      <list>
        <item>
          <p>
	    file:read/2 and file:consult_stream/1,3 did not use an
	    empty prompt on I/O devices. This bug has now been
	    corrected.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-7013</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    The sctp driver has been updated to work against newer
	    lksctp packages e.g 1.0.7 that uses the API spelling
	    change adaption -> adaptation. Older lksctp (1.0.6) still
	    work. The erlang API in gen_sctp.erl and inet_sctp.hrl
	    now spells 'adaptation' regardless of the underlying C
	    API.</p>
          <p>
	    *** POTENTIAL INCOMPATIBILITY ***</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-7120</p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>


    <section><title>Improvements and New Features</title>
      <list>
        <item>
	    <p>The documentation has been updated so as to reflect
	    the last updates of the Erlang shell as well as the minor
	    modifications of the control sequence <c>p</c> of the
	    <c>io_lib</c> module.</p> <p>Superfluous empty lines have
	    been removed from code examples and from Erlang shell
	    examples.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-6944 Aux Id: OTP-6554, OTP-6911 </p>
        </item>
        <item>
	    <p><c>tuple_size/1</c> and <c>byte_size/1</c> have been
	    substituted for <c>size/1</c>.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-7009</p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>

</section>

<section><title>Kernel 2.12</title>

    <section><title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
      <list>
        <item>
          <p>
	    A bug for raw files when reading 0 bytes returning 'eof'
	    instead of empty data has been corrected.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-6291 Aux Id: OTP-6967 </p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    A bug in gen_udp:fdopen reported by David Baird and also
	    found by Dialyzer has been fixed.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-6836 Aux Id: OTP-6594 </p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Calling <c>error_logger:tty(true)</c> multiple times does
	    not give multiple error log printouts.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-6884 Aux Id: seq10767 </p>
        </item>
        <item>
	    <p>The global name server now ignores <c>nodeup</c>
	    messages when the command line flag <c>-connect_all
	    false</c> has been used. (Thanks to Trevor
	    Woollacott.)</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-6931</p>
        </item>
        <item>
	    <p>file:write_file/3, file:write/2 and file:read/2 could
	    crash (contrary to documentation) for odd enough file
	    system problems, e.g write to full file system. This bug
	    has now been corrected.</p> <p>In this process the file
	    module has been rewritten to produce better error codes.
	    Posix error codes now originate from the OS file system
	    calls or are generated only for very similar causes (for
	    example 'enomem' is generated if a memory allocation
	    fails, and 'einval' is generated if the file handle in
	    Erlang is a file handle but currently invalid).</p>
	    <p>More Erlang-ish error codes are now generated. For
	    example <c>{error,badarg}</c> is now returned from
	    <c>file:close/1</c> if the argument is not of a file
	    handle type. See file(3).</p> <p>The possibility to write
	    a single byte using <c>file:write/2</c> instead of a list
	    or binary of one byte, contradictory to the
	    documentation, has been removed.</p>
          <p>
	    *** POTENTIAL INCOMPATIBILITY ***</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-6967 Aux Id: OTP-6597 OTP-6291 </p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Monitor messages produced by the system monitor
	    functionality, and garbage collect trace messages could
	    contain erroneous heap and/or stack sizes when the actual
	    heaps and/or stacks were huge.</p>
          <p>
	    As of erts version 5.6 the <c>large_heap</c> option to
	    <c>erlang:system_monitor/[1,2]</c> has been modified. The
	    monitor message is sent if the sum of the sizes of all
	    memory blocks allocated for all heap generations is equal
	    to or larger than the specified size. Previously the
	    monitor message was sent if the memory block allocated
	    for the youngest generation was equal to or larger than
	    the specified size.</p>
          <p>
	    *** POTENTIAL INCOMPATIBILITY ***</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-6974 Aux Id: seq10796 </p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
            <c>inet:getopts/2</c> returned random values on Windows
            Vista.</p>
          <p>
            Own Id: OTP-7003</p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>


    <section><title>Improvements and New Features</title>
      <list>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Minor documentation corrections for file:pread/2 and
	    file:pread/3.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-6853</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    The deprecated functions <c>file:file_info/1</c>,
	    <c>init:get_flag/1</c>, <c>init:get_flags/0</c>, and
	    <c>init:get_args/0</c> have been removed.</p>
          <p>
	    *** POTENTIAL INCOMPATIBILITY ***</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-6886</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Contract directives for modules in Kernel and STDLIB.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-6895</p>
        </item>
        <item>
	    <p>The functions io:columns/0, io:columns/1, io:rows/0
	    and io:rows/1 are added to allow the user to get
	    information about the terminal geometry. The shell takes
	    some advantage of this when formatting output. For
	    regular files and other io-devices where height and width
	    are not applicable, the functions return
	    {error,enotsup}.</p>
	    <p>Potential incompatibility: If one has written a custom
	    io-handler, the handler has to either return an error or
	    take care of io-requests regarding terminal height and
	    width. Usually that is no problem as io-handlers, as a
	    rule of thumb, should give an error reply when receiving
	    unknown io-requests, instead of crashing.</p>
          <p>
	    *** POTENTIAL INCOMPATIBILITY ***</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-6933</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    The undocumented and unsupported functions
	    <c>inet:ip_to_bytes/1</c>, <c>inet:ip4_to_bytes/1</c>,
	    <c>inet:ip6_to_bytes/1</c>, and
	    <c>inet:bytes_to_ip6/16</c> have been removed.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-6938</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    Added new checksum combine functions to <c>zlib</c>. And
	    fixed a bug in <c>zlib:deflate</c>. Thanks Matthew
	    Dempsky.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-6970</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    The <c>spawn_monitor/1</c> and <c>spawn_monitor/3</c> BIFs
	    are now auto-imported (i.e. they no longer need an
	    <c>erlang:</c> prefix).</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-6975</p>
        </item>
        <item>
	    <p>All functions in the <c>code</c> module now fail with
	    an exception if they are called with obviously bad
	    arguments, such as a tuple when an atom was expected.
	    Some functions now also fail for undocumented argument
	    types (for instance, <c>ensure_loaded/1</c> now only
	    accepts an atom as documented; it used to accept a string
	    too).</p>
	    <p>Dialyzer will generally emit warnings for any
	    calls that use undocumented argument types. Even if the
	    call happens to still work in R12B, you should correct
	    your code. A future release will adhere to the
	    documentation.</p>
          <p>
	    *** POTENTIAL INCOMPATIBILITY ***</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-6983</p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>

</section>

<section><title>Kernel 2.11.5.2</title>

    <section><title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
      <list>
        <item>
          <p>
            The kernel parameter dist_auto_connect once could fail to
            block a node if massive parallel sends were issued
            during a transient failure of network communication</p>
          <p>
            Own Id: OTP-6893 Aux Id: seq10753 </p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>

</section>

<section><title>Kernel 2.11.5.1</title>

    <section><title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
      <list>
        <item>
          <p>
	    The internal (rarely used) DNS resolver has been modified
	    to not use the domain search list when asked to resolve
	    an absolute name; a name with a terminating dot. There
	    was also a bug causing it to create malformed DNS queries
	    for absolute names that has been corrected, correction
	    suggested by Scott Lystig Fritchie. The code has also
	    been corrected to look up cached RRs in the same search
	    order as non-cached, now allows having the root domain
	    among the search domains, and can now actually do a zone
	    transfer request.</p>
          <p>
	    *** POTENTIAL INCOMPATIBILITY ***</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-6806 Aux Id: seq10714 EABln35459 </p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>
	    zlib:close/1 would leave an EXIT message in the message
	    queue if the calling process had the trap_exit flag
	    enabled.</p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-6811</p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>


    <section><title>Improvements and New Features</title>
      <list>
        <item>
	    <p>The documentation of <c>process_flag(priority,
	    Level)</c> has been updated, see the <c>erlang(3)</c>
	    documentation. </p>
          <p>
	    Own Id: OTP-6745 Aux Id: OTP-6715 </p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>

</section>

  <section>
    <title>Kernel 2.11.5</title>

    <section>
      <title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
      <list type="bulleted">
        <item>
          <p>The shell has been updated to fix the following flaws:
            Shell process exit left you with an unresponsive initial
            shell if not using oldshell. Starting a restricted shell
            with a nonexisting callback module resulted in a shell
            where no commands could be used, not even init:stop/0.
            Fun's could not be used as parameters to local shell
            functions (in shell_default or user_default) when
            restricted_shell was active.</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-6537</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>The undocumented feature gen_tcp:fdopen/2 was broken
            in R11B-4. It is now fixed again.</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-6615</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>Corrected cancellation of timers in three places in the
            inet_res module. (Problem found by Dialyzer.)</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-6676</p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>

    <section>
      <title>Improvements and New Features</title>
      <list type="bulleted">
        <item>
          <p>Corrected protocol layer flue for socket options
            SO_LINGER, SO_SNDBUF and SO_RCVBUF, for SCTP.</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-6625 Aux Id: OTP-6336 </p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>The behaviour of the inet option {active,once} on peer
            close is improved and documented.</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-6681</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>The inet option send_timeout for connection oriented
            sockets is added to allow for timeouts in communicating
            send requests to the underlying TCP stack.</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-6684 Aux Id: seq10637 OTP-6681 </p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>Minor Makefile changes.</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-6689 Aux Id: OTP-6742 </p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>The documentation of <c>process_flag(priority, Level)</c> has been updated, see the <c>erlang(3)</c>
            documentation. </p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-6715</p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>
  </section>

  <section>
    <title>Kernel 2.11.4.2</title>

    <section>
      <title>Improvements and New Features</title>
      <list type="bulleted">
        <item>
          <p>process_flag/2 accepts the new flag <c>sensitive</c>.</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-6592 Aux Id: seq10555 </p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>
  </section>

  <section>
    <title>Kernel 2.11.4.1</title>

    <section>
      <title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
      <list type="bulleted">
        <item>
          <p>A bug in gen_udp:open that broke the 'fd' option has been
            fixed.</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-6594 Aux Id: seq10619 </p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>
  </section>

  <section>
    <title>Kernel 2.11.4</title>

    <section>
      <title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
      <list type="bulleted">
        <item>
          <p>Added a warning to the documentation for the
            <c>error_logger</c> functions <c>error_msg/1,2</c>,
            <c>warning_msg/1,2</c> and <c>info_msg/1,2</c> that
            calling these function with bad arguments can crash the
            standard event handler.</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-4575 Aux Id: seq7693 </p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>A bug in <c>inet_db</c> concerning getting the resolver
            option <c>retry</c> has been corrected.</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-6380 Aux Id: seq10534 </p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>Names registered by calling
            <c>global:register_name()</c> or
            <c>global:re_register_name()</c> were not always
            unregistered when the registering or registered process
            died. This bug has been fixed.</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-6428</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>When setting the kernel configuration parameter
            <c>error_logger</c> to <c>false</c>, the documentation
            stated that "No error logger handler is installed". This
            is true, but error logging is not turned off, as the
            initial, primitive error logger event handler is kept,
            printing raw event messages to tty.</p>
          <p>Changing this behavior can be viewed as a backward
            incompatible change. Instead a new value <c>silent</c>
            for the configuration parameter has been added, which
            ensures that error logging is completely turned off.</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-6445</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>Clarified the documentation for <c>code:lib_dir/1</c> and
            <c>code:priv_dir/1</c>. The functions traverse the names
            of the code path, they do not search the actual
            directories.</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-6466</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p><c>io:setopts</c> returned <c>{error,badarg}</c>, when
            called with only an <c>expand_fun</c> argument. (Thanks to
            igwan.)</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-6508</p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>

    <section>
      <title>Improvements and New Features</title>
      <list type="bulleted">
        <item>
          <p>An interface towards the SCTP Socket API Extensions
            has been implemented.It is an Open Source patch courtesy
            of Serge Aleynikov and Leonid Timochouk. The Erlang code
            parts has been adapted by the OTP team, changing the
            Erlang API somewhat.</p>
          <p>The Erlang interface consists of the module
            <c>gen_sctp</c> and an include file
            <c>-include_lib("kernel/include/inet_sctp.hrl").</c> for
            option record definitions. The <c>gen_sctp</c> module is
            documented.</p>
          <p>The delivered Open Source patch, before the OTP team
            rewrites, was written according to
            <url href="http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-tsvwg-sctpsocket-13">http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-tsvwg-sctpsocket-13</url>
            and was claimed to work fine, tested on Linux Fedora Core
            5.0 (kernel 2.6.15-2054 or later) and on Solaris 10 and
            11. The OTP team rewrites used the same standard document
            but might have accidentally broken some functionality. If
            so, it will soon be patched to working state. The tricky
            parts in C and the general design has essentially not
            changed. During the rewrites the code was hand tested on
            SuSE Linux Enterprise Server 10, and briefly on Solaris
            10. Feedbach on code and docs is very much
            appreciated.</p>
          <p>The SCTP interface is in beta state. It has only been
            hand tested and has no automatic test suites in OTP
            meaning everything is most certainly not tested. Socket
            active mode is broken. IPv6 is not tested. The documentation
            has been reworked due to the API changes,
            but has not been proofread after this.</p>
          <p>Thank you from the OTP team to Serge Aleynikov and
            Leonid Timochouk for a valuable contribution. We hope we
            have not messed it up too much.</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-6336</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>A <c>{minor_version,Version}</c> option is now recognized
            by <c>term_to_binary/2</c>. {minor_version,1} will cause
            floats to be encoded in an exact and more space-efficient
            way compared to the previous encoding.</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-6434</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>Monitoring of nodes has been improved. Now the following
            properties apply to
            <c>net_kernel:monitor_nodes/[1,2]</c>:</p>
          <list type="bulleted">
            <item><c>nodeup</c> messages will be delivered before delivery
             of any message from the remote node passed through the
             newly established connection. </item>
            <item><c>nodedown</c> messages will not be delivered until all
             messages from the remote node that have been passed
             through the connection have been delivered. </item>
            <item>Subscriptions can also be made before the
            <c>net_kernel</c> server has been started. </item>
          </list>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-6481</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>Setting and getting socket options in a "raw" fashion is
            now allowed. Using this feature will inevitably produce
            non portable code, but will allow setting ang getting
            arbitrary uncommon options on TCP stacks that do have
            them.</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-6519</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>Dialyzer warnings have been eliminated.</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-6523</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>The documentation for <c>file:delete/1</c> and
            <c>file:set_cwd/1</c> has been updated to clarify what
            happens if the input arguments are of an incorrect type.</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-6535</p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>
  </section>

  <section>
    <title>Kernel 2.11.3.1</title>

    <section>
      <title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
      <list type="bulleted">
        <item>
          <p>An erroneous packet size could be used for the first
            messages passed through a newly established connection
            between two Erlang nodes. This could cause messages to be
            discarded, or termination of the connection.</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-6473</p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>
  </section>

  <section>
    <title>Kernel 2.11.3</title>

    <section>
      <title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
      <list type="bulleted">
        <item>
          <p>On Unix, the <c>unix:cmd/1</c> function could leave an
            'EXIT' message in the message queue for the calling
            process That problem was more likely to happen in an SMP
            emulator.</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-6368</p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>

    <section>
      <title>Improvements and New Features</title>
      <list type="bulleted">
        <item>
          <p>More interfaces are added in erl_ddll, to support
            different usage scenarios.</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-6307 Aux Id: OTP-6234 </p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>Locks set by calling <c>global:set_lock()</c> were not
            always deleted when the locking process died. This bug
            has been fixed.</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-6341 Aux Id: seq10445 </p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>
  </section>

  <section>
    <title>Kernel 2.11.2</title>

    <section>
      <title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
      <list type="bulleted">
        <item>
          <p>Behavior in case of disappeared nodes when using he
            dist_auto_connect once got changed in R11B-1. The
            timeouts regarding normal distributed operations is now
            reverted to the old (pre R11B-1).</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-6258 Aux Id: OTP-6200, seq10449 </p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>Start-up problems for the internal process used by the
            <c>inet:gethostbyname()</c> functions were eliminated. If
            the internal process (<c>inet_gethost_native</c>) had not
            previously been started, and if several processes at the
            same time called one of the <c>inet:gethostbyname()</c>
            functions, the calls could fail.</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-6286</p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>

    <section>
      <title>Improvements and New Features</title>
      <list type="bulleted">
        <item>
          <p>Code cleanup: the old internal obsolete file_server has
            been removed. It was only used when communicating with R7
            and older nodes.</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-6245</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>Trying to open a non-existent or badly formed disk log
            no longer results in a crash report. In particular,
            <c>ets:file2tab/1</c> reports no error when the argument
            is not a well-formed disk log file. (The return value has
            not been changed, it is still an error tuple.)</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-6278 Aux Id: seq10421 </p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>There are new BIFs <c>erlang:spawn_monitor/1,3</c>,
            and the new option <c>monitor</c> for
            <c>spawn_opt/2,3,4,5</c>.</p>
          <p>The <c>observer_backend</c> module has been updated to
            handle the new BIFs.</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-6281</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>To help Dialyzer find more bugs, many functions in the
            Kernel and STDLIB applications now only accept arguments
            of the type that is documented.</p>
          <p>For instance, the functions <c>lists:prefix/2</c> and
            <c>lists:suffix/2</c> are documented to only accept lists
            as their arguments, but they actually accepted anything
            and returned <c>false</c>. That has been changed so that
            the functions cause an exception if one or both arguments
            are not lists.</p>
          <p>Also, the <c>string:strip/3</c> function is documented
            to take a character argument that is a character to strip
            from one or both ends of the string. Given a list instead
            of a character, it used to do nothing, but will now cause
            an exception.</p>
          <p>Dialyzer will find most cases where those functions
            are passed arguments of the wrong type.</p>
          <p>*** POTENTIAL INCOMPATIBILITY ***</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-6295</p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>
  </section>

  <section>
    <title>Kernel 2.11.1.1</title>

    <section>
      <title>Improvements and New Features</title>
      <list type="bulleted">
        <item>
          <p>There is now an option read_packets for UDP sockets that
            sets the maximum number of UDP packets that will be read
            for each invocation of the socket driver.</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-6249 Aux Id: seq10452 </p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>
  </section>

  <section>
    <title>Kernel 2.11.1</title>

    <section>
      <title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
      <list type="bulleted">
        <item>
          <p>In R11B-0, the erl_ddll server process is always started.
            Despite that, the configuration parameter
            <c>start_ddll</c> for the Kernel application was still
            obeyed, which would cause the erl_ddll server to be
            started TWICE (and the system shutting down as a result).
            In this release, <c>start_ddll</c> is no longer used and
            its documentation has been removed.</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-6163</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>The kernel option {dist_auto_connect,once} could block
            out nodes that had never been connected, causing
            persistent partitioning of networks. Furthermore, partial
            restarts of networks could cause inconsistent global name
            databases. Both problems are now solved.</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-6200 Aux Id: seq10377 </p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>

    <section>
      <title>Improvements and New Features</title>
      <list type="bulleted">
        <item>
          <p>Late arriving tcp_closed and udp_closed messages are now
            removed from the message queue of a process calling
            gen_tcp:close/1, gen_udp:close/1, and inet:close/1.</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-6197</p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>
  </section>

  <section>
    <title>Kernel 2.11</title>

    <section>
      <title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
      <list type="bulleted">
        <item>
          <p>When repairing a disk log with a corrupt index file
            (caused by for instance a hard disk failure) the old
            contents of the index file is kept unmodified. This will
            make repeated attempts to open the disk log fail every
            time.</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-5558 Aux Id: seq9823 </p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>Previously <c>unlink/1</c> and <c>erlang:demonitor/2</c>
            behaved completely asynchronous. This had one undesirable
            effect, though. You could never know when you were
            guaranteed <em>not</em> to be affected by a link that you
            had unlinked or a monitor that you had demonitored.</p>
          <p>The new behavior of <c>unlink/1</c> and
            <c>erlang:demonitor/2</c> can be viewed as two operations
            performed atomically. Asynchronously send an unlink
            signal or a demonitor signal, and ignore any future
            results of the link or monitor.</p>
          <p><em>NOTE</em>: This change can cause some obscure code
            to fail which previously did not. For example, the
            following code might hang:</p>
          <code type="none">
            Mon = erlang:monitor(process, Pid),
            %% ...
            exit(Pid, bang),
            erlang:demonitor(Mon),
            receive
                {'DOWN', Mon, process, Pid, _} -> ok
            %% We were previously guaranteed to get a down message
            %% (since we exited the process ourself), so we could
            %% in this case leave out:
            %% after 0 -> ok
            end,
          </code>
          <p>*** POTENTIAL INCOMPATIBILITY ***</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-5772</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>The behavior when an application fails to start and
            possibly causes the runtime system to halt has been
            cleaned up, including fixing some minor bugs.</p>
          <p><c>application_controller</c> should now always terminate
            with a non-nested string, meaning the slogan in an
            <c>erl_crash.dump</c> should always be easy to read.</p>
          <p><c>init</c> now makes sure that the slogan passed to
            <c>erlang:halt/1</c> does not exceed the maximum allowed
            length.</p>
          <p>Redundant calls to <c>list_to_atom/1</c> has been removed
            from the primitive <c>error_logger</c> event handler.
            (Thanks Serge Aleynikov for pointing this out).</p>
          <p>The changes only affects the contents of the error
            messages and crashdump file slogan.</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-5964</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>The <c>erl_ddll</c> server is now started when OTP is
            started and placed under the Kernel supervisor. This
            fixes several minor issues. It used to be started on
            demand.</p>
          <p>The documentation for the <c>start</c> and <c>stop</c>
            functions in the <c>erl_ddll</c> module has been removed,
            as those functions are not meant to be used by other
            applications.</p>
          <p>Furthermore, the <c>erl_ddll:stop/1</c> function no longer
            terminates the <c>erl_ddll</c> server, as that would
            terminate the entire runtime system.</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-6033</p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>

    <section>
      <title>Improvements and New Features</title>
      <list type="bulleted">
        <item>
          <p>Removed some unused functions from
            <c>application_master</c>.</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-3889</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>Global no longer allows the registration of a process
            under more than one name. If the old (buggy) behavior is
            desired the Kernel application variable
            <c>global_multi_name_action</c> can be given the value
            <c>allow</c>.</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-5640 Aux Id: OTP-5603</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>The (slightly misleading) warnings that was shown when
            the <c>erlang.erl</c> file was compiled has been
            eliminated.</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-5947</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>The <c>auth</c> module API is deprecated.</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-6037</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>Added <c>erlang:demonitor/2</c>, making it possible to at
            the same time flush a received <c>'DOWN'</c> message, if
            there is one. See <c>erlang(3)</c>.</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-6100 Aux Id: OTP-5772 </p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>
  </section>

  <section>
    <title>Kernel 2.10.13</title>

    <section>
      <title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
      <list type="bulleted">
        <item>
          <p>Large files (more than 2 GBytes) are now handled on
            Solaris 8.</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-5849 Aux Id: seq10157</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>During startup, a garbage <c>{'DOWN', ...}</c> message was
            left by <c>inet_gethost_native</c>, that caused problems
            for the starting code server.</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-5978 Aux Id: OTP-5974</p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>

    <section>
      <title>Improvements and New Features</title>
      <list type="bulleted">
        <item>
          <p><c>global</c> now makes several attempts to connect nodes
            when maintaining the fully connected network. More than one
            attempt is sometimes needed under very heavy load.</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-5889</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p><c>erl_epmd</c> now explicitly sets the timeout to
            <c>infinity</c> when calling <c>gen_server:call</c>. The
            old timeout of 15 seconds could time out under very heavy
            load.</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-5959</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>Corrected the start of code server to use reference-tagged
            tuples to ensure that an unexpected message sent to
            the parent process does not cause a halt of the system.
            Also removed the useless <c>start/*</c> functions in both
            <c>code.erl</c> and <c>code_server.erl</c> and no longer
            exports the <c>init</c> function from
            <c>code_server.erl</c>.</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-5974 Aux Id: seq10243, OTP-5978</p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>
  </section>

  <section>
    <title>Kernel 2.10.12</title>

    <section>
      <title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
      <list type="bulleted">
        <item>
          <p>A bug in <c>global</c> has been fixed: the locker process
            added <c>nonode@nohost</c> to the list of nodes to lock.
            This could happen before any nodes got known to the global
            name server. Depending on net configuration the symptom was
            a delay.</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-5792 Aux Id: OTP-5563</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>If an <c>.app</c> file is missing, the error reason
            returned by <c>application:load/1</c> has been corrected
            to <c>{"no such file or directory", "FILE.app"}</c>,
            instead of the less informative <c>{"unknown POSIX error","FILE.app"}</c>.</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-5809</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>Bug fixes: <c>disk_log:accessible_logs/0</c> no longer
            reports all <c>pg2</c> process groups as distributed disk
            logs; <c>disk_log:pid2name/1</c> did not recognize
            processes of distributed disk logs.</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-5810</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>The functions <c>file:consult/1</c>,
            <c>file:path_consult/2</c>, <c>file:eval/1,2</c>,
            <c>file:path_eval/2,3</c>, <c>file:script/1,2</c>,
            <c>file:path_script/2,3</c> now return correct line
            numbers in error tuples.</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-5814</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>If there were user-defined variables in the boot script,
            and their values were not provided using
            the <c>-boot_var</c> option, the emulator would refuse to
            start with a confusing error message. Corrected to show a
            clear, understandable message.</p>
          <p>The <c>prim_file</c> module was modified to not depend
            on the <c>lists</c> module, to make it possible to start
            the emulator using a user-defined loader. (Thanks to
            Martin Bjorklund.)</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-5828 Aux Id: seq10151</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>Minor corrections in the description of open modes.
            (Thanks to Richard Carlsson.)</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-5856</p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>

    <section>
      <title>Improvements and New Features</title>
      <list type="bulleted">
        <item>
          <p><c>application_controller</c> now terminates with the
            actual error reason, instead of <c>shutdown</c>. This
            means that the crash dump now should be somewhat more
            informative, in the case where the runtime system is
            terminated due to an error in an application.</p>
          <p>Example: If the (permanent) application <c>app1</c> fails
            to start, the slogan now will be: "<c>Kernel pid terminated (application_controller) ({application_start_failure,app1,{shutdown, {app1,start,[normal,[]]}}})</c>"</p>
          <p>rather than the previous "<c>Kernel pid terminated (application_controller) (shutdown)</c>".</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-5811</p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>
  </section>

  <section>
    <title>Kernel 2.10.11.1</title>

    <section>
      <title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
      <list type="bulleted">
        <item>
          <p>Timers could sometimes timeout too early. This bug has
            now been fixed.</p>
          <p>Automatic cancellation of timers created by
            <c>erlang:send_after(Time,</c> pid(), Msg), and
            <c>erlang:start_timer(Time,</c> pid(), Msg) has been
            introduced.
            Timers created with the receiver specified by a pid, will
            automatically be cancelled when the receiver exits. For
            more information see the <c>erlang(3)</c> man page.</p>
          <p>In order to be able to maintain a larger amount of timers
            without increasing the maintenance cost, the internal
            timer wheel and bif timer table have been enlarged.</p>
          <p>Also a number of minor bif timer optimizations have been
            implemented.</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-5795 Aux Id: OTP-5090, seq8913, seq10139,
            OTP-5782</p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>

    <section>
      <title>Improvements and New Features</title>
      <list type="bulleted">
        <item>
          <p>Documentation improvements:</p>
          <p>- documentation for <c>erlang:link/1</c> corrected</p>
          <p>- command line flag <c>-code_path_cache</c> added</p>
          <p>- <c>erl</c> command line flags clarifications</p>
          <p>- <c>net_kernel(3)</c> clarifications</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-5847</p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>
  </section>

  <section>
    <title>Kernel 2.10.11</title>

    <section>
      <title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
      <list type="bulleted">
        <item>
          <p>Several bug fixes and improvements in the global name
            registration facility (see <c>global(3)</c>):</p>
          <list type="bulleted">
            <item>the name resolving procedure did not always unlink no
             longer registered processes;</item>
            <item>the global name could sometimes hang when a
            <c>nodedown</c> was immediately followed by a
            <c>nodeup</c>;</item>
            <item>global names were not always unregistered when a node
             went down;</item>
            <item>it is now possible to set and delete locks at
             the same time as the global name server is resolving
             names--the handling of global locks has been separated
             from registration of global names;</item>
          </list>
          <p>As of this version, <c>global</c> no longer supports nodes
            running Erlang/OTP R7B or earlier.</p>
          <p>*** POTENTIAL INCOMPATIBILITY ***</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-5563</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>The functions <c>global:set_lock/3</c> and
            <c>global:trans/4</c> now accept the value <c>0</c>
            (zero) of the <c>Retries</c> argument.</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-5737</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>The <c>inet:getaddr(Addr, Family)</c> no longer
            validates the <c>Addr</c> argument if it is a 4 or 8
            tuple containing the IP address, except for the size of
            the tuple and that it contains integers in the correct
            range.</p>
          <p>The reason for the change is that validation could
            cause the following sequence of calls to fail:</p>
          <p><c>{ok,Addr} = inet:getaddr(localhost, inet6), gen_tcp:connect(Addr, 7, [inet6])</c></p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-5743</p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>

    <section>
      <title>Improvements and New Features</title>
      <list type="bulleted">
        <item>
          <p>The previously undocumented and UNSUPPORTED <c>zlib</c>
            module has been updated in an incompatible way and many
            bugs have been corrected. It is now also documented.</p>
          <p>*** POTENTIAL INCOMPATIBILITY ***</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-5715</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>Added <c>application</c> interface functions
            <c>which_applications/1</c>, <c>set_env/4</c> and
            <c>unset_env/3</c>, which take an additional
            <c>Timeout</c> argument. To be used in situations where
            the standard gen_server timeout (5000ms) is not adequate.</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-5724 Aux Id: seq10083</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>Improved documentation regarding synchronized start of
            applications with included applications (using start
            phases and <c>application_starter</c>).</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-5754</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>New socket options <c>priority</c> and <c>tos</c> for
            platforms that support them (currently only Linux).</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-5756</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>The global name server has been optimized when it comes
            to maintaining a fully connected network.</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-5770</p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>
  </section>

  <section>
    <title>Kernel 2.10.10.1</title>

    <section>
      <title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
      <list type="bulleted">
        <item>
          <p>The native resolver has gotten an control API for
            extended debugging and soft restart. It is:
            <c>inet_gethost_native:control(Control)</c>            <br></br>
<c>Control = {debug_level,Level} | soft_restart</c>            <br></br>
<c>Level = integer() in the range 0-4</c>.</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-5751 Aux Id: EABln25013</p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>
  </section>

  <section>
    <title>Kernel 2.10.10</title>

    <section>
      <title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
      <list type="bulleted">
        <item>
          <p>If several processes (at the same node) simultaneously
            tried to start the same distributed application, this
            could lead to <c>application:start</c> returning an
            erroneous value, or even hang.</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-5606 Aux Id: seq9838</p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>

    <section>
      <title>Improvements and New Features</title>
      <list type="bulleted">
        <item>
          <p>The manual pages for most of the Kernel and some of
            the STDLIB modules have been updated, in particular
            regarding type definitions.</p>
          <p>The documentation of the return value for
            <c>erts:info/1</c> has been corrected.</p>
          <p>The documentation for <c>erlang:statistics/1</c> now
            lists all possible arguments.</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-5360</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>When the native resolver fails a <c>gethostbyaddr</c>
            lookup, <c>nxdomain</c> should be returned. There should be
            no attempt to fallback on a routine that succeeds if only
            the syntax of the IP address is valid. This has been fixed.</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-5598 Aux Id: OTP-5576</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>Replaced some tuple funs with the new <c>fun M:F/A</c>
            construct.</p>
          <p>The high-order functions in the <c>lists</c> module no
            longer accept bad funs under any circumstances.
            '<c>lists:map(bad_fun, [])</c>' used to return
            '<c>[]</c>' but now causes an exception.</p>
          <p>Unused, broken compatibility code in the <c>ets</c>
            module was removed. (Thanks to Dialyzer.)</p>
          <p>Eliminated 5 discrepancies found by Dialyzer in the
            Appmon application.</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-5633</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>The possibility to have comments following the list of
            tuples in a config file (file specified with
            the <c>-config</c> flag) has been added.</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-5661 Aux Id: seq10003</p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>
  </section>

  <section>
    <title>Kernel 2.10.9</title>

    <section>
      <title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
      <list type="bulleted">
        <item>
          <p>'<c>erl -config sys.config</c>' would fail to start if
            the <c>sys.config</c> file did not contain any whitespace
            at all after the dot. (Thanks to Anders Nygren.)</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-5543</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>A bug regarding tcp sockets which results in hanging
            <c>gen_tcp:send/2</c> has been corrected. To encounter
            this bug you needed one process that read from a socket,
            one that wrote more date than the reader read out so the
            sender got suspended, and then the reader closed the
            socket. (Reported and diagnosed by Alexey Shchepin.)</p>
          <p>Corrected a bug in the (undocumented and unsupported)
            option <c>{packet,http}</c> for <c>gen_tcp.</c>
            (Thanks to Claes Wikstrom and Luke Gorrie.)</p>
          <p>Updated the documentation regarding the second argument to
            <c>gen_tcp:recv/2</c>, the <c>Length</c> to receive.</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-5582 Aux Id: seq9839</p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>

    <section>
      <title>Improvements and New Features</title>
      <list type="bulleted">
        <item>
          <p>At startup, the Erlang resolver hosts table was used to
            look up the name of the local (and possibly stand alone)
            host. This was incorrect. The configured resolver method
            is now used for this purpose.</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-5393</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>The <c>erlang:port_info/1</c> BIF is now documented. Minor
            corrections of the documentation for
            <c>erlang:port_info/2</c>.</p>
          <p>Added a note to the documentation of the <c>math</c> module
            that all functions are not available on all platforms.</p>
          <p>Added more information about the <c>+c</c> option in
            the <c>erl</c> man page in the ERTS documentation.</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-5555</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>The new <c>fun M:F/A</c> construct creates a fun that
            refers to the latest version of <c>M:F/A.</c> This syntax is
            meant to replace tuple funs <c>{M,F}</c> which have many
            problems.</p>
          <p>The new type test <c>is_function(Fun,A)</c> (which may be
            used in guards) test whether <c>Fun</c> is a fun that can be
            applied with <c>A</c> arguments. (Currently, <c>Fun</c> can
            also be a tuple fun.)</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-5584</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>According to the documentation <c>global</c> implements
            the equivalent of <c>register/2</c>, which returns
            <c>badarg</c> if a process is already registered. As it
            turns out there is no check in <c>global</c> if a process is
            registered under more than one name. If some process is
            accidentally or by design given several names, it is
            possible that the name registry becomes inconsistent due
            to the way the resolve function is called when name
            clashes are discovered (see <c>register_name/3</c> in
            <c>global(3)</c>).</p>
          <p>In OTP R11B <c>global</c> will not allow the registration of
            a process under more than one name. To help finding code
            where <c>no</c> will be returned, a Kernel application
            variable, <c>global_multi_name_action</c>, is hereby
            introduced. Depending on its value (<c>info</c>,
            <c>warning</c>, or <c>error</c>), messages are sent to
            the error logger when <c>global</c> discovers that some
            process is given more than one name. The variable only
            affects the node where it is defined.</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-5603</p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>
  </section>

  <section>
    <title>Kernel 2.10.8</title>

    <section>
      <title>Improvements and New Features</title>
      <list type="bulleted">
        <item>
          <p>In case of a DNS lookup loop, <c>inet_db:getbyname</c> ends
            up building an infinite list. This has been fixed.</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-5449</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>When doing an <c>inet6</c> name lookup on an IPv4 address
            it was possible to get an address on IPv4 format back. This
            has been corrected. Some other minor inconsistencies
            regarding IPv6 name lookup have also been corrected.</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-5576</p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>
  </section>

  <section>
    <title>Kernel 2.10.7</title>

    <section>
      <title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
      <list type="bulleted">
        <item>
          <p>Under certain circumstances the <c>net_kernel</c> could
            emit spurious nodedown messages. This bug has been fixed.</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-5396</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>Removed description of the <c>keep_zombies</c>
            configuration parameter in the <c>kernel</c> man page.</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-5497</p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>

    <section>
      <title>Improvements and New Features</title>
      <list type="bulleted">
        <item>
          <p>Eliminated Dialyzer warnings (caused by dead code) in
            the <c>init</c> and <c>prim_file</c> modules.</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-5496</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p><c>inet_config</c> now also checks the environment variable
            <c>ERL_INETRC</c> for a possible user configuration file.
            See the ERTS User's Guide for details.</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-5512</p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>
  </section>

  <section>
    <title>Kernel 2.10.6</title>

    <section>
      <title>Improvements and New Features</title>
      <list type="bulleted">
        <item>
          <p>The <c>c</c> option for the <c>+B</c> flag has been
            introduced which makes it possible to use Ctrl-C
            (Ctrl-Break on Windows) to interrupt the shell process
            rather than to invoke the emulator break handler. All new
            <c>+B</c> options are also supported on Windows (werl) as
            of now. Furthermore, Ctrl-C on Windows has now been
            reserved for copying text (what Ctrl-Ins was used for
            previously). Ctrl-Break should be used for break handling.
            Lastly, the documentation of the system flags has been
            updated.</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-5388</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>The possibility to start the Erlang shell in parallel
            with the rest of the system was reintroduced for backwards
            compatibility in STDLIB 1.13.1. The flag to be used for
            this is now called <c>async_shell_start</c> and has
            been documented. New shells started from the JCL menu are
            not synchronized with <c>init</c> anymore. This makes it
            possible to start a new shell (e.g. for debugging purposes)
            even if the initial shell has not come up.</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-5406 Aux Id: OTP-5218</p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>
  </section>

  <section>
    <title>Kernel 2.10.5</title>

    <section>
      <title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
      <list type="bulleted">
        <item>
          <p>Documentation for <c>erlang:binary_to_float/1</c> deleted.
            The BIF itself was removed several releases ago.</p>
          <p>Updated documentation for <c>apply/2</c> and
            <c>apply/3</c>.</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-5391</p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>

    <section>
      <title>Improvements and New Features</title>
      <list type="bulleted">
        <item>
          <p><c>net_kernel:monitor_nodes/2</c> which takes a flag and an
            option list has been added. By use of
            <c>net_kernel:monitor_nodes/2</c> one can subscribe for
            <c>nodeup/nodedown</c> messages with extra information. It
            is now possible to monitor hidden nodes, and get
            <c>nodedown</c> reason. See the <c>net_kernel(3)</c>
            documentation for more information.</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-5374</p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>
  </section>

  <section>
    <title>Kernel 2.10.4</title>

    <section>
      <title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
      <list type="bulleted">
        <item>
          <p>The application master for an application now terminates
            the application faster, which reduces the risk for
            timeouts in other parts of the system.</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-5363 Aux Id: EABln19084</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>A BIF <c>erlang:raise/3</c> has been added. See the manual
            for details. It is intended for internal system programming
            only, advanced error handling.</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-5376 Aux Id: OTP-5257</p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>
  </section>

  <section>
    <title>Kernel 2.10.3</title>

    <section>
      <title>Improvements and New Features</title>
      <list type="bulleted">
        <item>
          <p>With the <c>-eval</c> flag (<c>erl -eval Expr</c>), an
            arbitrary expression can be evaluated during system
            initialization. This is documented in <c>init(3)</c>.</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-5260</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>The unsupported and undocumented modules <c>socks5</c>,
            <c>socks5_auth</c>, <c>socks5_tcp</c>, and <c>socks5_udp</c>
            have been removed.</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-5266</p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>
  </section>

  <section>
    <title>Kernel 2.10.1</title>

    <section>
      <title>Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions</title>
      <list type="bulleted">
        <item>
          <p>The Pman 'trace shell' functionality was broken and has
            now been fixed. Furthermore, Pman could not correctly
            find the pid of the active shell if more than one shell
            process was running on the node. This has also been
            corrected.</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-5191</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>The documentation for the <c>auth:open/1</c> function
            which no longer exists has been removed. (Thanks to
            Miguel Barreiro.)</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-5208</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>Corrected the <c>crc32/3</c> function in the undocumented
            and unsupported <c>zlib</c> module.</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-5227</p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>

    <section>
      <title>Improvements and New Features</title>
      <list type="bulleted">
        <item>
          <p>You can now start Erlang with the <c>-rsh</c> flag which
            gives you a remote initial shell instead of a local one.
            Example:</p>
          <pre>
            erl -sname this_node -rsh other_node@other_host
          </pre>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-5210</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>If <c>/etc/hosts</c> specified two hosts with the same IP
            address (on separate lines), only the last host would be
            registered by inet_db during inet configuration. This has
            been corrected now so that both aliases are registered
            with the same IP address.</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-5212 Aux Id: seq7128</p>
        </item>
        <item>
          <p>The documentation for BIFs that take I/O lists have
            been clarified. Those are <c>list_to_binary/1</c>,
            <c>port_command/2</c>, <c>port_control/3</c>.</p>
          <p>Documentation for all <c>is_*</c> BIFs (such as
            <c>is_atom/1</c>) has been added.</p>
          <p>Removed the documentation for
            <c>erlang:float_to_binary/2</c> which was removed from
            the run-time system several releases ago.</p>
          <p>Own Id: OTP-5222</p>
        </item>
      </list>
    </section>
  </section>
</chapter>