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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE chapter SYSTEM "chapter.dtd">
<chapter>
<header>
<copyright>
<year>2001</year><year>2013</year>
<holder>Ericsson AB. All Rights Reserved.</holder>
</copyright>
<legalnotice>
Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
You may obtain a copy of the License at
http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
limitations under the License.
</legalnotice>
<title>CORBA System and User Defined Exceptions</title>
<prepared></prepared>
<docno></docno>
<date>2000-12-19</date>
<rev></rev>
<file>ch_exceptions.xml</file>
</header>
<section>
<title>System Exceptions</title>
<p><c>Orber</c>, or any other <c>ORB</c>, may raise a <c>System Exceptions</c>.
These exceptions contain status- and minor-fields and may not appear in the
operations raises exception IDL-definition.</p>
<section>
<title>Status Field</title>
<p>The status field indicates if the request was completed or not and will be
assigned one of the following Erlang atoms:</p>
<table>
<row>
<cell align="center" valign="middle"><em>Status</em></cell>
<cell align="center" valign="middle"><em>Description</em></cell>
</row>
<row>
<cell align="left" valign="middle">'COMPLETED_YES'</cell>
<cell align="left" valign="middle">The operation was invoked on the target object but an error occurred after the object replied. This occur, for example, if a server replies but Orber is not able to marshal and send the reply to the client ORB.</cell>
</row>
<row>
<cell align="left" valign="middle">'COMPLETED_NO'</cell>
<cell align="left" valign="middle">Orber failed to invoke the operation on the target object. This occur, for example, if the object no longer exists.</cell>
</row>
<row>
<cell align="left" valign="middle">'COMPLETED_MAYBE'</cell>
<cell align="left" valign="middle">Orber invoked the operation on the target object but an error occurred and it is impossible to decide if the request really reached the object or not.</cell>
</row>
<tcaption>System Exceptions Status</tcaption>
</table>
</section>
<section>
<title>Minor Field</title>
<p>The minor field contains an integer (VMCID), which is related to a more
specific reason why an invocation failed. The function
<c>orber:exception_info/1</c> can be used to map the minor code to a string.
Note, for VMCID:s not assigned by the OMG or Orber, the documentation
for that particular ORB must be consulted.</p>
</section>
<section>
<title>Supported System Exceptions</title>
<p>The OMG CORBA specification defines the following exceptions:</p>
<list type="bulleted">
<item><em>'BAD_CONTEXT'</em> - if a request does not contain a correct
context this exception is raised.</item>
<item><em>'BAD_INV_ORDER'</em> - this exception indicates that operations
has been invoked operations in the wrong order, which would cause,
for example, a dead-lock.</item>
<item><em>'BAD_OPERATION'</em> - raised if the target object exists, but
that the invoked operation is not supported.</item>
<item><em>'BAD_PARAM'</em> - is thrown if, for example, a parameter is out
of range or otherwise considered illegal.</item>
<item><em>'BAD_TYPECODE'</em> - if illegal type code is passed, for example,
encapsulated in an any data type the <c>'BAD_TYPECODE'</c> exception
will be raised.</item>
<item><em>'BAD_QOS'</em> - raised whenever an object cannot support the
required quality of service.</item>
<item><em>'CODESET_INCOMPATIBLE'</em> - raised if two ORB's cannot
communicate due to different representation of, for example,
<c>char</c> and/or <c>wchar</c>.</item>
<item><em>'COMM_FAILURE'</em> - raised if an ORB is unable to setup
communication or it is lost while an operation is in progress.</item>
<item><em>'DATA_CONVERSION'</em> - raised if an ORB cannot convert data
received to the native representation. See also the
<c>'CODESET_INCOMPATIBLE'</c> exception.</item>
<item><em>'FREE_MEM'</em> - the ORB failed to free dynamic memory and
failed.</item>
<item><em>'IMP_LIMIT'</em> - an implementation limit was exceeded in the
ORB at run time. A object factory may, for example, limit the
number of object clients are allowed to create.</item>
<item><em>'INTERNAL'</em> - an internal failure occurred in an ORB, which
is unrecognized. You may consider contacting the ORB providers
support.</item>
<item><em>'INTF_REPOS'</em> - the ORB was not able to reach the interface
repository, or some other failure relating to the interface
repository is detected.</item>
<item><em>'INITIALIZE'</em> - the ORB initialization failed due to, for
example, network or configuration error.</item>
<item><em>'INVALID_TRANSACTION'</em> - is raised if the request carried an
invalid transaction context.</item>
<item><em>'INV_FLAG'</em> - an invalid flag was passed to an operation,
which caused, for example, a connection to be closed.</item>
<item><em>'INV_IDENT'</em> - this exception indicates that an IDL
identifier is incorrect.</item>
<item><em>'INV_OBJREF'</em> - this exception is raised if an object
reference is malformed or a nil reference (see
also corba:create_nil_objref/0).</item>
<item><em>'INV_POLICY'</em> - the invocation cannot be made due to an
incompatibility between policy overrides that apply to the
particular invocation.</item>
<item><em>'MARSHAL'</em> - this exception may be raised by the client- or
server-side when either ORB is unable to marshal/unmarshal requests or
replies.</item>
<item><em>'NO_IMPLEMENT'</em> - if the operation exists but no implementation
exists, this exception is raised.</item>
<item><em>'NO_MEMORY'</em> - the ORB has run out of memory.</item>
<item><em>'NO_PERMISSION'</em> - the caller has insufficient privileges,
such as, for example, bad <c>SSL</c> certificate.</item>
<item><em>'NO_RESOURCES'</em> - a general platform resource limit
exceeded.</item>
<item><em>'NO_RESPONSE'</em> - no response available of a deferred
synchronous request.</item>
<item><em>'OBJ_ADAPTER'</em> - indicates administrative mismatch; the object
adapter is not able to associate an object with the implementation
repository.</item>
<item><em>'OBJECT_NOT_EXIST'</em> - the object have been disposed or
terminated; clients should remove all copies of the object reference
and initiate desired recovery process.</item>
<item><em>'PERSIST_STORE'</em> - the ORB was not able to establish a
connection to its persistent storage or data contained in the
the storage is corrupted.</item>
<item><em>'REBIND'</em> - a request resulted in, for example, a
<c>'LOCATION_FORWARD'</c> message; if the policies are incompatible
this exception is raised.</item>
<item><em>'TIMEOUT'</em> - raised if a request fail to complete within the
given time-limit.</item>
<item><em>'TRANSACTION_MODE'</em> - a transaction policy mismatch detected.</item>
<item><em>'TRANSACTION_REQUIRED'</em> - a transaction is required for the
invoked operation but the request contained no transaction context.</item>
<item><em>'TRANSACTION_ROLLEDBACK'</em> - the transaction associated with
the request has already been rolled back or will be.</item>
<item><em>'TRANSACTION_UNAVAILABLE'</em> - no transaction context can be
supplied since the ORB is unable to contact the Transaction
Service.</item>
<item><em>'TRANSIENT'</em> - the ORB could not determine the current status
of an object since it could not be reached. The error may be
temporary.</item>
<item><em>'UNKNOWN'</em> - is thrown if an implementation throws a
non-CORBA, or unrecognized, exception.</item>
</list>
</section>
</section>
<section>
<title>User Defined Exceptions</title>
<p>User exceptions is defined in IDL-files and is listed in operations raises
exception listing. For example, if we have the following IDL code:</p>
<code type="none">
module MyModule {
exception MyException {};
exception MyExceptionMsg { string ExtraInfo; };
interface MyInterface {
void foo()
raises(MyException);
void bar()
raises(MyException, MyExceptionMsg);
void baz();
};
};
</code>
</section>
<section>
<title>Throwing Exceptions</title>
<p>To be able to raise <c>MyException</c> or <c>MyExceptionMsg</c> exceptions,
the generated <c>MyModule.hrl</c> must be included, and typical usage is:</p>
<code type="none">
-module('MyModule_MyInterface_impl').
-include("MyModule.hrl").
bar(State) ->
case TestingSomething of
ok ->
{reply, ok, State};
{error, Reason} when list(Reason) ->
corba:raise(#'MyModule_MyExceptionMsg'{'ExtraInfo' = Reason});
error ->
corba:raise(#'MyModule_MyException'{})
end.
</code>
</section>
<section>
<title>Catching Exceptions</title>
<p>Depending on which operation we invoke we must be able to handle:</p>
<list type="bulleted">
<item>foo - <c>MyException</c> or a system exception.</item>
<item>bar - <c>MyException</c>, <c>MyExceptionMsg</c> or a system
exception.</item>
<item>baz - a system exception.</item>
</list>
<p>Catching and matching exceptions can bee done in different ways:</p>
<code type="none">
case catch 'MyModule_MyInterface':bar(MIReference) of
ok ->
%% The operation raised no exception.
ok;
{'EXCEPTION', #'MyModule_MyExceptionMsg'{'ExtraInfo' = Reason}} ->
%% If we want to log the Reason we must extract 'ExtraInfo'.
error_logger:error_msg("Operation 'bar' raised: ~p~n", [Reason]),
... do something ...;
{'EXCEPTION', E} when record(E, 'OBJECT_NOT_EXIST') ->
... do something ...;
{'EXCEPTION', E} ->
... do something ...
end.
</code>
</section>
</chapter>
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