Update the flowchart chapter

5 files changed, 338 insertions, 430 deletions

diff --git a/doc/src/guide/book.asciidoc b/doc/src/guide/book.asciidoc
index 8178803..ed0f1c7 100644
--- a/doc/src/guide/book.asciidoc
+++ b/doc/src/guide/book.asciidoc
@@ -80,13 +80,3 @@ include::migrating_from_1.0.asciidoc[Migrating from Cowboy 1.0 to 2.0]
 // @todo Maybe history? Could take info from architecture also.
 
 include::specs.asciidoc[HTTP and other specifications]
-
-= Deprecated chapters
-
-== About the deprecated chapters
-
-The following chapters were relevant in Cowboy 1.0. They have
-not been updated for Cowboy 2.0 yet. The information in these
-chapters may or may not be useful.
-
-include::overview.asciidoc[Overview]
diff --git a/doc/src/guide/flow_diagram.asciidoc b/doc/src/guide/flow_diagram.asciidoc
index 4cb3bda..2d35d4d 100644
--- a/doc/src/guide/flow_diagram.asciidoc
+++ b/doc/src/guide/flow_diagram.asciidoc
@@ -9,9 +9,54 @@ information about how the network connections are handled.
 
 === Overview
 
-Placeholder section.
-
-// @todo Make the diagram.
+image::http_req_resp.png[HTTP request/response flowchart]
+
+As you can see on the diagram, the client
+begins by connecting to the server. This step is handled
+by a Ranch acceptor, which is a process dedicated to
+accepting new connections.
+
+After Ranch accepts a new connection, whether it is an
+HTTP/1.1 or HTTP/2 connection, Cowboy starts receiving
+requests and handling them.
+
+In HTTP/1.1 all requests come sequentially. In HTTP/2
+the requests may arrive and be processed concurrently.
+
+When a request comes in, Cowboy creates a stream, which
+is a set of request/response and all the events associated
+with them. The protocol code in Cowboy defers the handling
+of these streams to stream handler modules. When you
+configure Cowboy you may define one or more module that
+will receive all events associated with a stream, including
+the request, response, bodies, Erlang messages and more.
+
+By default Cowboy comes configured with a stream handler
+called `cowboy_stream_h`. This stream handler will create
+a new process for every request coming in, and then
+communicate with this process to read the body or send
+a response back. The request process executes middlewares
+which, by default, including the router and then the
+execution of handlers. Like stream handlers, middlewares
+may also be customized.
+
+A response may be sent at almost any point in this
+diagram. If the response must be sent before the stream
+is initialized (because an error occurred early, for
+example) then stream handlers receive a special event
+indicating this error.
+
+=== Protocol-specific headers
+
+Cowboy takes care of protocol-specific headers and prevents
+you from sending them manually. For HTTP/1.1 this includes
+the `transfer-encoding` and `connection` headers. For HTTP/2
+this includes the colon headers like `:status`.
+
+Cowboy will also remove protocol-specific headers from
+requests before passing them to stream handlers. Cowboy
+tries to hide the implementation details of all protocols
+as well as possible.
 
 === Number of processes per connection
 
diff --git a/doc/src/guide/http_req_resp.png b/doc/src/guide/http_req_resp.png
index 8c9cae9..41c17c8 100644
--- a/doc/src/guide/http_req_resp.png
+++ b/doc/src/guide/http_req_resp.png
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diff --git a/doc/src/guide/overview.asciidoc b/doc/src/guide/overview.asciidoc
deleted file mode 100644
index 3e5cbb7..0000000
--- a/doc/src/guide/overview.asciidoc
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,150 +0,0 @@
-[[overview]]
-== Request overview
-
-This chapter explains the different steps a request
-goes through until a response is sent, along with
-details of the Cowboy implementation.
-
-=== Request/response
-
-As you already know, HTTP clients connect to the server and
-send a request for a resource; the server then sends a
-response containing the resource if it could obtain it.
-
-Before the server can send the resource, however, it
-needs to perform many different operations to read the
-request, find the resource, prepare the response being
-sent and often other related operations the user can
-add like writing logs.
-
-Requests take the following route in Cowboy:
-
-image::http_req_resp.png[HTTP request/response flowchart]
-
-This shows the default middlewares, but they may be
-configured differently in your setup. The dark green
-indicates the points where you can hook your own code,
-the light green is the Cowboy code that you can of
-course configure as needed.
-
-The `acceptor` is the part of the server that accepts
-the connection and create an Erlang process to handle
-it. The `parser` then starts reading from the socket
-and handling requests as they come until the socket
-is closed.
-
-A response may be sent at many different points in the
-life of the request. If Cowboy can't parse the request,
-it gives up with an error response. If the router can't
-find the resource, it sends a not found error. Your
-own code can of course send a response at any time.
-
-When a response is sent, you can optionally modify it
-or act upon it by enabling the `onresponse` hook. By
-default the response is sent directly to the client.
-
-=== And then?
-
-Behavior depends on what protocol is in use.
-
-HTTP/1.0 can only process one request per connection,
-so Cowboy will close the connection immediately after
-it sends the response.
-
-HTTP/1.1 allows the client to request that the server
-keeps the connection alive. This mechanism is described
-in the next section.
-
-HTTP/2 is designed to allow sending multiple requests
-asynchronously on the same connection. Details on what
-this means for your application is described in this
-chapter.
-
-=== Keep-alive (HTTP/1.1)
-
-With HTTP/1.1, the connection may be left open for
-subsequent requests to come. This mechanism is called
-`keep-alive`.
-
-When the client sends a request to the server, it includes
-a header indicating whether it would like to leave the
-socket open. The server may or may not accept, indicating
-its choice by sending the same header in the response.
-
-Cowboy will include this header automatically in all
-responses to HTTP/1.1 requests. You can however force
-the closing of the socket if you want. When Cowboy sees
-you want to send a `connection: close` header, it will
-not override it and will close the connection as soon
-as the reply is sent.
-
-This snippet will force Cowboy to close the connection.
-
-[source,erlang]
-----
-Req2 = cowboy_req:reply(200, [
-    {<<"connection">>, <<"close">>},
-], <<"Closing the socket in 3.. 2.. 1..">>, Req).
-----
-
-Cowboy will only accept a certain number of new requests
-on the same connection. By default it will run up to 100
-requests. This number can be changed by setting the
-`max_keepalive` configuration value when starting an
-HTTP listener.
-
-[source,erlang]
-----
-cowboy:start_http(my_http_listener, 100, [{port, 8080}], [
-        {env, [{dispatch, Dispatch}]},
-        {max_keepalive, 5}
-]).
-----
-
-Cowboy implements the keep-alive mechanism by reusing
-the same process for all requests. This allows Cowboy
-to save memory. This works well because most code will
-not have any side effect impacting subsequent requests.
-But it also means you need to clean up if you do have
-code with side effects. The `terminate/3` function can
-be used for this purpose.
-
-=== Pipelining (HTTP/1.1)
-
-While HTTP is designed as a sequential protocol, with
-the client sending a request and then waiting for the
-response from the server, nothing prevents the client
-from sending more requests to the server without waiting
-for the response, due to how sockets work. The server
-still handles the requests sequentially and sends the
-responses in the same order.
-
-This mechanism is called pipelining. It allows reducing
-latency when a client needs to request many resources
-at the same time. This is used by browsers when requesting
-static files for example.
-
-This is handled automatically by the server.
-
-=== Asynchronous requests (HTTP/2)
-
-In HTTP/2, the client can send a request at any time.
-And the server can send a response at any time too.
-
-This means for example that the client does not need
-to wait for a request to be fully sent to send another,
-it is possible to interleave a request with the request
-body of another request. The same is true with responses.
-Responses may also be sent in a different order.
-
-Because requests and responses are fully asynchronous,
-Cowboy creates a new process for each request, and these
-processes are managed by another process that handles the
-connection itself.
-
-HTTP/2 servers may also decide to send resources to the
-client before the client requests them. This is especially
-useful for sending static files associated with the HTML
-page requested, as this reduces the latency of the overall
-response. Cowboy does not support this particular mechanism
-at this point, however.