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authorLoïc Hoguin <[email protected]>2017-07-23 19:59:12 +0200
committerLoïc Hoguin <[email protected]>2017-07-23 19:59:12 +0200
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-<h1 class="lined-header"><span>Sub protocols</span></h1>
-
-<div class="paragraph"><p>Sub protocols are used for creating new types of handlers that
-provide extra functionality in a reusable way. Cowboy uses this
-mechanism to provide its loop, REST and Websocket handlers.</p></div>
-<div class="paragraph"><p>This chapter will explain how to create your own sub protocols
-and handler types.</p></div>
-<div class="sect1">
-<h2 id="_usage">Usage</h2>
-<div class="sectionbody">
-<div class="paragraph"><p>To switch to a sub protocol, the <code>init/2</code> callback must return
-the name of the sub protocol module. Everything past this point
-is handled by the sub protocol.</p></div>
-<div class="listingblock">
-<div class="content"><!-- Generator: GNU source-highlight 3.1.8
-by Lorenzo Bettini
-http://www.lorenzobettini.it
-http://www.gnu.org/software/src-highlite -->
-<pre><tt><span style="font-weight: bold"><span style="color: #000000">init</span></span>(<span style="color: #009900">Req</span>, <span style="color: #009900">State</span>) <span style="color: #990000">-&gt;</span>
- {<span style="color: #FF6600">cowboy_websocket</span>, <span style="color: #009900">Req</span>, <span style="color: #009900">State</span>}<span style="color: #990000">.</span></tt></pre></div></div>
-<div class="paragraph"><p>The returned tuple may also have a fourth element containing
-options for the sub protocol. No option is universal. While
-it will usually be a map of options, it doesn&#8217;t have to be.
-For example loop handlers accept the atom <code>hibernate</code>.</p></div>
-<div class="paragraph"><p>The following snippet switches to the <code>my_protocol</code> sub
-protocol, sets the timeout value to 5 seconds and enables
-hibernation:</p></div>
-<div class="listingblock">
-<div class="content"><!-- Generator: GNU source-highlight 3.1.8
-by Lorenzo Bettini
-http://www.lorenzobettini.it
-http://www.gnu.org/software/src-highlite -->
-<pre><tt><span style="font-weight: bold"><span style="color: #000000">init</span></span>(<span style="color: #009900">Req</span>, <span style="color: #009900">State</span>) <span style="color: #990000">-&gt;</span>
- {<span style="color: #FF6600">my_protocol</span>, <span style="color: #009900">Req</span>, <span style="color: #009900">State</span>, #{
- <span style="color: #0000FF">timeout</span> <span style="color: #990000">=&gt;</span> <span style="color: #993399">5000</span>,
- <span style="color: #0000FF">compress</span> <span style="color: #990000">=&gt;</span> <span style="color: #000080">true</span>}}<span style="color: #990000">.</span></tt></pre></div></div>
-<div class="paragraph"><p>Sub protocols should ignore unknown options so as to not waste
-resources doing unnecessary validation.</p></div>
-</div>
-</div>
-<div class="sect1">
-<h2 id="_upgrade">Upgrade</h2>
-<div class="sectionbody">
-<div class="paragraph"><p>After the <code>init/2</code> function returns, Cowboy will call either
-the <code>upgrade/4</code> or the <code>upgrade/5</code> function. The former is called
-when no options were given; the latter when they were given.</p></div>
-<div class="paragraph"><p>The function is named <code>upgrade</code> because it mimics the mechanism
-of HTTP protocol upgrades. For some sub protocols, like Websocket,
-an actual upgrade is performed. For others, like REST, this is
-only an upgrade at Cowboy&#8217;s level and the client has nothing to
-do about it.</p></div>
-<div class="paragraph"><p>The upgrade callback receives the Req object, the middleware
-environment, the handler and its state, and for <code>upgrade/5</code>
-also the aformentioned options.</p></div>
-<div class="listingblock">
-<div class="content"><!-- Generator: GNU source-highlight 3.1.8
-by Lorenzo Bettini
-http://www.lorenzobettini.it
-http://www.gnu.org/software/src-highlite -->
-<pre><tt><span style="font-weight: bold"><span style="color: #000000">upgrade</span></span>(<span style="color: #009900">Req</span>, <span style="color: #009900">Env</span>, <span style="color: #009900">Handler</span>, <span style="color: #009900">State</span>) <span style="color: #990000">-&gt;</span>
- <span style="font-style: italic"><span style="color: #9A1900">%% Sub protocol code here.</span></span>
-
-<span style="font-weight: bold"><span style="color: #000000">upgrade</span></span>(<span style="color: #009900">Req</span>, <span style="color: #009900">Env</span>, <span style="color: #009900">Handler</span>, <span style="color: #009900">State</span>, <span style="color: #009900">Opts</span>) <span style="color: #990000">-&gt;</span>
- <span style="font-style: italic"><span style="color: #9A1900">%% Sub protocol code here.</span></span></tt></pre></div></div>
-<div class="paragraph"><p>These callbacks are expected to behave like middlewares and to
-return an updated environment and Req object.</p></div>
-<div class="paragraph"><p>Sub protocols are expected to call the <code>cowboy_handler:terminate/4</code>
-function when they terminate. This function will make sure that
-the optional <code>terminate/3</code> callback is called, if present.</p></div>
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