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author | Loïc Hoguin <[email protected]> | 2018-06-13 09:54:12 +0200 |
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committer | Loïc Hoguin <[email protected]> | 2018-06-13 09:54:12 +0200 |
commit | 92b54aacc0de5446dd5497c39897b0bbff72e626 (patch) | |
tree | c3a98cfec636d1271f5804e5c19b35b208bba00d /docs/en/gun/1.0/guide/connect | |
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diff --git a/docs/en/gun/1.0/guide/connect/index.html b/docs/en/gun/1.0/guide/connect/index.html index ac1e6eb3..427b7450 100644 --- a/docs/en/gun/1.0/guide/connect/index.html +++ b/docs/en/gun/1.0/guide/connect/index.html @@ -62,145 +62,104 @@ <h1 class="lined-header"><span>Connection</span></h1> -<div class="paragraph"><p>This chapter describes how to open, monitor and close -a connection using the Gun client.</p></div> -<div class="sect1"> +<p>This chapter describes how to open, monitor and close a connection using the Gun client.</p> <h2 id="_gun_connections">Gun connections</h2> -<div class="sectionbody"> -<div class="paragraph"><p>Gun is designed with the HTTP/2 and Websocket protocols in mind. -They are built for long-running connections that allow concurrent -exchange of data, either in the form of request/responses for -HTTP/2 or in the form of messages for Websocket.</p></div> -<div class="paragraph"><p>A Gun connection is an Erlang process that manages a socket to -a remote endpoint. This Gun connection is owned by a user -process that is called the <em>owner</em> of the connection, and is -managed by the supervision tree of the <code>gun</code> application.</p></div> -<div class="paragraph"><p>The owner process communicates with the Gun connection -by calling functions from the module <code>gun</code>. All functions -perform their respective operations asynchronously. The Gun -connection will send Erlang messages to the owner process -whenever needed.</p></div> -<div class="paragraph"><p>When the remote endpoint closes the connection, Gun attempts -to reconnect automatically.</p></div> -</div> -</div> -<div class="sect1"> +<p>Gun is designed with the HTTP/2 and Websocket protocols in mind. They are built for long-running connections that allow concurrent exchange of data, either in the form of request/responses for HTTP/2 or in the form of messages for Websocket.</p> +<p>A Gun connection is an Erlang process that manages a socket to a remote endpoint. This Gun connection is owned by a user process that is called the <em>owner</em> of the connection, and is managed by the supervision tree of the <code>gun</code> application.</p> +<p>The owner process communicates with the Gun connection by calling functions from the module <code>gun</code>. All functions perform their respective operations asynchronously. The Gun connection will send Erlang messages to the owner process whenever needed.</p> +<p>When the remote endpoint closes the connection, Gun attempts to reconnect automatically.</p> <h2 id="_opening_a_new_connection">Opening a new connection</h2> -<div class="sectionbody"> -<div class="paragraph"><p>The <code>gun:open/2,3</code> function must be used to open a connection.</p></div> -<div class="listingblock"> -<div class="title">Opening a connection to example.org on port 443</div> -<div class="content"><!-- Generator: GNU source-highlight +<p>The <code>gun:open/2,3</code> function must be used to open a connection.</p> +<div class="listingblock"><div class="title">Opening a connection to example.org on port 443</div> +<div class="content"><!-- Generator: GNU source-highlight 3.1.8 by Lorenzo Bettini http://www.lorenzobettini.it http://www.gnu.org/software/src-highlite --> -<pre><tt>{<span style="color: #FF6600">ok</span>, <span style="color: #009900">ConnPid</span>} <span style="color: #990000">=</span> <span style="font-weight: bold"><span style="color: #000000">gun:open</span></span>(<span style="color: #FF0000">"example.org"</span>, <span style="color: #993399">443</span>)<span style="color: #990000">.</span></tt></pre></div></div> -<div class="paragraph"><p>If the port given is 443, Gun will attempt to connect using -TLS. The protocol will be selected automatically using the -ALPN extension for TLS. By default Gun supports HTTP/2 -and HTTP/1.1 when connecting using TLS.</p></div> -<div class="paragraph"><p>For any other port, Gun will attempt to connect using -plain TCP and will use the HTTP/1.1 protocol.</p></div> -<div class="paragraph"><p>The transport and protocol used can be overriden via -options. The manual documents all available options.</p></div> -<div class="paragraph"><p>Options can be provided as a third argument, and take the -form of a map.</p></div> -<div class="listingblock"> -<div class="title">Opening a TLS connection to example.org on port 8443</div> -<div class="content"><!-- Generator: GNU source-highlight +<pre><tt>{<font color="#FF6600">ok</font>, <font color="#009900">ConnPid</font>} <font color="#990000">=</font> <b><font color="#000000">gun:open</font></b>(<font color="#FF0000">"example.org"</font>, <font color="#993399">443</font>)<font color="#990000">.</font></tt></pre> +</div></div> +<p>If the port given is 443, Gun will attempt to connect using TLS. The protocol will be selected automatically using the ALPN extension for TLS. By default Gun supports HTTP/2 and HTTP/1.1 when connecting using TLS.</p> +<p>For any other port, Gun will attempt to connect using plain TCP and will use the HTTP/1.1 protocol.</p> +<p>The transport and protocol used can be overriden via options. The manual documents all available options.</p> +<p>Options can be provided as a third argument, and take the form of a map.</p> +<div class="listingblock"><div class="title">Opening a TLS connection to example.org on port 8443</div> +<div class="content"><!-- Generator: GNU source-highlight 3.1.8 by Lorenzo Bettini http://www.lorenzobettini.it http://www.gnu.org/software/src-highlite --> -<pre><tt>{<span style="color: #FF6600">ok</span>, <span style="color: #009900">ConnPid</span>} <span style="color: #990000">=</span> <span style="font-weight: bold"><span style="color: #000000">gun:open</span></span>(<span style="color: #FF0000">"example.org"</span>, <span style="color: #993399">8443</span>, #{<span style="color: #0000FF">transport</span> <span style="color: #990000">=></span> <span style="color: #FF6600">tls</span>})<span style="color: #990000">.</span></tt></pre></div></div> -</div> -</div> -<div class="sect1"> +<pre><tt>{<font color="#FF6600">ok</font>, <font color="#009900">ConnPid</font>} <font color="#990000">=</font> <b><font color="#000000">gun:open</font></b>(<font color="#FF0000">"example.org"</font>, <font color="#993399">8443</font>, #{<font color="#0000FF">transport</font> <font color="#990000">=></font> <font color="#FF6600">tls</font>})<font color="#990000">.</font></tt></pre> +</div></div> <h2 id="_waiting_for_the_connection_to_be_established">Waiting for the connection to be established</h2> -<div class="sectionbody"> -<div class="paragraph"><p>When Gun successfully connects to the server, it sends a -<code>gun_up</code> message with the protocol that has been selected -for the connection.</p></div> -<div class="paragraph"><p>Gun provides the functions <code>gun:await_up/1,2,3</code> that wait -for the <code>gun_up</code> message. They can optionally take a monitor -reference and/or timeout value. If no monitor is provided, -one will be created for the duration of the function call.</p></div> -<div class="listingblock"> -<div class="title">Synchronous opening of a connection</div> -<div class="content"><!-- Generator: GNU source-highlight +<p>When Gun successfully connects to the server, it sends a <code>gun_up</code> message with the protocol that has been selected for the connection.</p> +<p>Gun provides the functions <code>gun:await_up/1,2,3</code> that wait for the <code>gun_up</code> message. They can optionally take a monitor reference and/or timeout value. If no monitor is provided, one will be created for the duration of the function call.</p> +<div class="listingblock"><div class="title">Synchronous opening of a connection</div> +<div class="content"><!-- Generator: GNU source-highlight 3.1.8 by Lorenzo Bettini http://www.lorenzobettini.it http://www.gnu.org/software/src-highlite --> -<pre><tt>{<span style="color: #FF6600">ok</span>, <span style="color: #009900">ConnPid</span>} <span style="color: #990000">=</span> <span style="font-weight: bold"><span style="color: #000000">gun:open</span></span>(<span style="color: #FF0000">"example.org"</span>, <span style="color: #993399">443</span>), -{<span style="color: #FF6600">ok</span>, <span style="color: #009900">Protocol</span>} <span style="color: #990000">=</span> <span style="font-weight: bold"><span style="color: #000000">gun:await_up</span></span>(<span style="color: #009900">ConnPid</span>)<span style="color: #990000">.</span></tt></pre></div></div> -</div> -</div> -<div class="sect1"> +<pre><tt>{<font color="#FF6600">ok</font>, <font color="#009900">ConnPid</font>} <font color="#990000">=</font> <b><font color="#000000">gun:open</font></b>(<font color="#FF0000">"example.org"</font>, <font color="#993399">443</font>), +{<font color="#FF6600">ok</font>, <font color="#009900">Protocol</font>} <font color="#990000">=</font> <b><font color="#000000">gun:await_up</font></b>(<font color="#009900">ConnPid</font>)<font color="#990000">.</font></tt></pre> +</div></div> <h2 id="_handling_connection_loss">Handling connection loss</h2> -<div class="sectionbody"> -<div class="paragraph"><p>When the connection is lost, Gun will send a <code>gun_down</code> -message indicating the current protocol, the reason the -connection was lost and two lists of stream references.</p></div> -<div class="paragraph"><p>The first list indicates open streams that <em>may</em> have been -processed by the server. The second list indicates open -streams that the server did not process.</p></div> -</div> -</div> -<div class="sect1"> +<p>When the connection is lost, Gun will send a <code>gun_down</code> message indicating the current protocol, the reason the connection was lost and two lists of stream references.</p> +<p>The first list indicates open streams that <em>may</em> have been processed by the server. The second list indicates open streams that the server did not process.</p> <h2 id="_monitoring_the_connection_process">Monitoring the connection process</h2> -<div class="sectionbody"> -<div class="paragraph"><p>Because software errors are unavoidable, it is important to -detect when the Gun process crashes. It is also important -to detect when it exits normally. Erlang provides two ways -to do that: links and monitors.</p></div> -<div class="paragraph"><p>Gun leaves you the choice as to which one will be used. -However, if you use the <code>gun:await/2,3</code> or <code>gun:await_body/2,3</code> -functions, a monitor may be used for you to avoid getting -stuck waiting for a message that will never come.</p></div> -<div class="paragraph"><p>If you choose to monitor yourself you can do it on a permanent -basis rather than on every message you will receive, saving -resources. Indeed, the <code>gun:await/3,4</code> and <code>gun:await_body/3,4</code> -functions both accept a monitor argument if you have one already.</p></div> -<div class="listingblock"> -<div class="title">Monitoring the connection process</div> -<div class="content"><!-- Generator: GNU source-highlight +<p>Because software errors are unavoidable, it is important to detect when the Gun process crashes. It is also important to detect when it exits normally. Erlang provides two ways to do that: links and monitors.</p> +<p>Gun leaves you the choice as to which one will be used. However, if you use the <code>gun:await/2,3</code> or <code>gun:await_body/2,3</code> functions, a monitor may be used for you to avoid getting stuck waiting for a message that will never come.</p> +<p>If you choose to monitor yourself you can do it on a permanent basis rather than on every message you will receive, saving resources. Indeed, the <code>gun:await/3,4</code> and <code>gun:await_body/3,4</code> functions both accept a monitor argument if you have one already.</p> +<div class="listingblock"><div class="title">Monitoring the connection process</div> +<div class="content"><!-- Generator: GNU source-highlight 3.1.8 by Lorenzo Bettini http://www.lorenzobettini.it http://www.gnu.org/software/src-highlite --> -<pre><tt>{<span style="color: #FF6600">ok</span>, <span style="color: #009900">ConnPid</span>} <span style="color: #990000">=</span> <span style="font-weight: bold"><span style="color: #000000">gun:open</span></span>(<span style="color: #FF0000">"example.org"</span>, <span style="color: #993399">443</span>)<span style="color: #990000">.</span> -<span style="color: #009900">MRef</span> <span style="color: #990000">=</span> <span style="font-weight: bold"><span style="color: #000000">monitor</span></span>(<span style="font-weight: bold"><span style="color: #000080">process</span></span>, <span style="color: #009900">ConnPid</span>)<span style="color: #990000">.</span></tt></pre></div></div> -<div class="paragraph"><p>This monitor reference can be kept and used until the connection -process exits.</p></div> -<div class="listingblock"> -<div class="title">Handling <code>DOWN</code> messages</div> -<div class="content"><!-- Generator: GNU source-highlight +<pre><tt>{<font color="#FF6600">ok</font>, <font color="#009900">ConnPid</font>} <font color="#990000">=</font> <b><font color="#000000">gun:open</font></b>(<font color="#FF0000">"example.org"</font>, <font color="#993399">443</font>)<font color="#990000">.</font> +<font color="#009900">MRef</font> <font color="#990000">=</font> <b><font color="#000000">monitor</font></b>(<b><font color="#000080">process</font></b>, <font color="#009900">ConnPid</font>)<font color="#990000">.</font></tt></pre> +</div></div> +<p>This monitor reference can be kept and used until the connection process exits.</p> +<div class="listingblock"><div class="title">Handling `DOWN` messages</div> +<div class="content"><!-- Generator: GNU source-highlight 3.1.8 by Lorenzo Bettini http://www.lorenzobettini.it http://www.gnu.org/software/src-highlite --> -<pre><tt><span style="font-weight: bold"><span style="color: #0000FF">receive</span></span> - <span style="font-style: italic"><span style="color: #9A1900">%% Receive Gun messages here...</span></span> - {<span style="color: #FF6600">'DOWN'</span>, <span style="color: #009900">Mref</span>, <span style="font-weight: bold"><span style="color: #000080">process</span></span>, <span style="color: #009900">ConnPid</span>, <span style="color: #009900">Reason</span>} <span style="color: #990000">-></span> - <span style="font-weight: bold"><span style="color: #000000">error_logger:error_msg</span></span>(<span style="color: #FF0000">"Oops!"</span>), - <span style="font-weight: bold"><span style="color: #000080">exit</span></span>(<span style="color: #009900">Reason</span>) -<span style="font-weight: bold"><span style="color: #0000FF">end</span></span><span style="color: #990000">.</span></tt></pre></div></div> -<div class="paragraph"><p>What to do when you receive a <code>DOWN</code> message is entirely up to you.</p></div> -</div> -</div> -<div class="sect1"> +<pre><tt><b><font color="#0000FF">receive</font></b> + <i><font color="#9A1900">%% Receive Gun messages here...</font></i> + {<font color="#FF6600">'DOWN'</font>, <font color="#009900">Mref</font>, <b><font color="#000080">process</font></b>, <font color="#009900">ConnPid</font>, <font color="#009900">Reason</font>} <font color="#990000">-></font> + <b><font color="#000000">error_logger:error_msg</font></b>(<font color="#FF0000">"Oops!"</font>), + <b><font color="#000080">exit</font></b>(<font color="#009900">Reason</font>) +<b><font color="#0000FF">end</font></b><font color="#990000">.</font></tt></pre> +</div></div> +<p>What to do when you receive a <code>DOWN</code> message is entirely up to you.</p> <h2 id="_closing_the_connection_abruptly">Closing the connection abruptly</h2> -<div class="sectionbody"> -<div class="paragraph"><p>The connection can be stopped abruptly at any time by calling -the <code>gun:close/1</code> function.</p></div> -<div class="listingblock"> -<div class="title">Immediate closing of the connection</div> -<div class="content"><!-- Generator: GNU source-highlight +<p>The connection can be stopped abruptly at any time by calling the <code>gun:close/1</code> function.</p> +<div class="listingblock"><div class="title">Immediate closing of the connection</div> +<div class="content"><!-- Generator: GNU source-highlight 3.1.8 by Lorenzo Bettini http://www.lorenzobettini.it http://www.gnu.org/software/src-highlite --> -<pre><tt><span style="font-weight: bold"><span style="color: #000000">gun:close</span></span>(<span style="color: #009900">ConnPid</span>)<span style="color: #990000">.</span></tt></pre></div></div> -<div class="paragraph"><p>The process is stopped immediately without having a chance to -perform the protocol’s closing handshake, if any.</p></div> -</div> -</div> +<pre><tt><b><font color="#000000">gun:close</font></b>(<font color="#009900">ConnPid</font>)<font color="#990000">.</font></tt></pre> +</div></div> +<p>The process is stopped immediately without having a chance to perform the protocol's closing handshake, if any.</p> +<!-- === Closing the connection gracefully--> +<!-- --> +<!-- The connection can also be stopped gracefully by calling the--> +<!-- `gun:shutdown/1` function.--> +<!-- --> +<!-- .Graceful shutdown of the connection--> +<!-- [source,erlang]--> +<!-- ------> +<!-- gun:shutdown(ConnPid).--> +<!-- ------> +<!-- --> +<!-- Gun will refuse any new requests or messages after you call--> +<!-- this function. It will however continue to send you messages--> +<!-- for existing streams until they are all completed.--> +<!-- --> +<!-- For example if you performed a GET request just before calling--> +<!-- `gun:shutdown/1`, you will still receive the response before--> +<!-- Gun closes the connection.--> +<!-- --> +<!-- If you set a monitor beforehand, you will receive a message--> +<!-- when the connection has been closed.--> + |