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diff --git a/docs/en/gun/1.3/guide/connect.asciidoc b/docs/en/gun/1.3/guide/connect.asciidoc new file mode 100644 index 00000000..dd4297d1 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/en/gun/1.3/guide/connect.asciidoc @@ -0,0 +1,160 @@ +[[connect]] +== Connection + +This chapter describes how to open, monitor and close +a connection using the Gun client. + +=== Gun connections + +Gun is designed with the HTTP/2 and Websocket protocols in mind. +They are built for long-running connections that allow concurrent +exchange of data, either in the form of request/responses for +HTTP/2 or in the form of messages for Websocket. + +A Gun connection is an Erlang process that manages a socket to +a remote endpoint. This Gun connection is owned by a user +process that is called the _owner_ of the connection, and is +managed by the supervision tree of the `gun` application. + +The owner process communicates with the Gun connection +by calling functions from the module `gun`. All functions +perform their respective operations asynchronously. The Gun +connection will send Erlang messages to the owner process +whenever needed. + +When the remote endpoint closes the connection, Gun attempts +to reconnect automatically. + +=== Opening a new connection + +The `gun:open/2,3` function must be used to open a connection. + +.Opening a connection to example.org on port 443 +[source,erlang] +---- +{ok, ConnPid} = gun:open("example.org", 443). +---- + +If the port given is 443, Gun will attempt to connect using +TLS. The protocol will be selected automatically using the +ALPN extension for TLS. By default Gun supports HTTP/2 +and HTTP/1.1 when connecting using TLS. + +For any other port, Gun will attempt to connect using +plain TCP and will use the HTTP/1.1 protocol. + +The transport and protocol used can be overriden via +options. The manual documents all available options. + +Options can be provided as a third argument, and take the +form of a map. + +.Opening a TLS connection to example.org on port 8443 +[source,erlang] +---- +{ok, ConnPid} = gun:open("example.org", 8443, #{transport => tls}). +---- + +=== Waiting for the connection to be established + +When Gun successfully connects to the server, it sends a +`gun_up` message with the protocol that has been selected +for the connection. + +Gun provides the functions `gun:await_up/1,2,3` that wait +for the `gun_up` message. They can optionally take a monitor +reference and/or timeout value. If no monitor is provided, +one will be created for the duration of the function call. + +.Synchronous opening of a connection +[source,erlang] +---- +{ok, ConnPid} = gun:open("example.org", 443), +{ok, Protocol} = gun:await_up(ConnPid). +---- + +=== Handling connection loss + +When the connection is lost, Gun will send a `gun_down` +message indicating the current protocol, the reason the +connection was lost and two lists of stream references. + +The first list indicates open streams that _may_ have been +processed by the server. The second list indicates open +streams that the server did not process. + +=== Monitoring the connection process + +Because software errors are unavoidable, it is important to +detect when the Gun process crashes. It is also important +to detect when it exits normally. Erlang provides two ways +to do that: links and monitors. + +Gun leaves you the choice as to which one will be used. +However, if you use the `gun:await/2,3` or `gun:await_body/2,3` +functions, a monitor may be used for you to avoid getting +stuck waiting for a message that will never come. + +If you choose to monitor yourself you can do it on a permanent +basis rather than on every message you will receive, saving +resources. Indeed, the `gun:await/3,4` and `gun:await_body/3,4` +functions both accept a monitor argument if you have one already. + +.Monitoring the connection process +[source,erlang] +---- +{ok, ConnPid} = gun:open("example.org", 443). +MRef = monitor(process, ConnPid). +---- + +This monitor reference can be kept and used until the connection +process exits. + +.Handling `DOWN` messages +[source,erlang] +---- +receive + %% Receive Gun messages here... + {'DOWN', Mref, process, ConnPid, Reason} -> + error_logger:error_msg("Oops!"), + exit(Reason) +end. +---- + +What to do when you receive a `DOWN` message is entirely up to you. + +=== Closing the connection abruptly + +The connection can be stopped abruptly at any time by calling +the `gun:close/1` function. + +.Immediate closing of the connection +[source,erlang] +---- +gun:close(ConnPid). +---- + +The process is stopped immediately without having a chance to +perform the protocol's closing handshake, if any. + +//=== Closing the connection gracefully +// +//The connection can also be stopped gracefully by calling the +//`gun:shutdown/1` function. +// +//.Graceful shutdown of the connection +//[source,erlang] +//---- +//gun:shutdown(ConnPid). +//---- +// +//Gun will refuse any new requests or messages after you call +//this function. It will however continue to send you messages +//for existing streams until they are all completed. +// +//For example if you performed a GET request just before calling +//`gun:shutdown/1`, you will still receive the response before +//Gun closes the connection. +// +//If you set a monitor beforehand, you will receive a message +//when the connection has been closed. diff --git a/docs/en/gun/1.3/guide/connect/index.html b/docs/en/gun/1.3/guide/connect/index.html new file mode 100644 index 00000000..26d31ae1 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/en/gun/1.3/guide/connect/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,258 @@ +<!DOCTYPE html> +<html lang="en"> + +<head> + <meta charset="utf-8"> + <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"> + <meta name="description" content=""> + <meta name="author" content="Loïc Hoguin based on a design from (Soft10) Pol Cámara"> + + <title>Nine Nines: Connection</title> + + <link href='https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Open+Sans:400,700,400italic' rel='stylesheet' type='text/css'> + <link href="/css/99s.css?r=2" rel="stylesheet"> + + <link rel="shortcut icon" href="/img/ico/favicon.ico"> + <link rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" sizes="114x114" href="/img/ico/apple-touch-icon-114.png"> + <link rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" sizes="72x72" href="/img/ico/apple-touch-icon-72.png"> + <link rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" href="/img/ico/apple-touch-icon-57.png"> + + +</head> + + +<body class=""> + <header id="page-head"> + <div id="topbar" class="container"> + <div class="row"> + <div class="span2"> + <h1 id="logo"><a href="/" title="99s">99s</a></h1> + </div> + <div class="span10"> + + <div id="side-header"> + <nav> + <ul> + <li><a title="Hear my thoughts" href="/articles">Articles</a></li> + <li><a title="Watch my talks" href="/talks">Talks</a></li> + <li class="active"><a title="Read the docs" href="/docs">Documentation</a></li> + <li><a title="Request my services" href="/services">Consulting & Training</a></li> + </ul> + </nav> + <ul id="social"> + <li> + <a href="https://github.com/ninenines" title="Check my Github repositories"><img src="/img/ico_github.png" data-hover="/img/ico_github_alt.png" alt="Github"></a> + </li> + <li> + <a title="Contact me" href="mailto:[email protected]"><img src="/img/ico_mail.png" data-hover="/img/ico_mail_alt.png"></a> + </li> + </ul> + </div> + </div> + </div> + </div> + + +</header> + +<div id="contents" class="two_col"> +<div class="container"> +<div class="row"> +<div id="docs" class="span9 maincol"> + +<h1 class="lined-header"><span>Connection</span></h1> + +<p>This chapter describes how to open, monitor and close a connection using the Gun client.</p> +<h2 id="_gun_connections">Gun connections</h2> +<p>Gun is designed with the HTTP/2 and Websocket protocols in mind. They are built for long-running connections that allow concurrent exchange of data, either in the form of request/responses for HTTP/2 or in the form of messages for Websocket.</p> +<p>A Gun connection is an Erlang process that manages a socket to a remote endpoint. This Gun connection is owned by a user process that is called the <em>owner</em> of the connection, and is managed by the supervision tree of the <code>gun</code> application.</p> +<p>The owner process communicates with the Gun connection by calling functions from the module <code>gun</code>. All functions perform their respective operations asynchronously. The Gun connection will send Erlang messages to the owner process whenever needed.</p> +<p>When the remote endpoint closes the connection, Gun attempts to reconnect automatically.</p> +<h2 id="_opening_a_new_connection">Opening a new connection</h2> +<p>The <code>gun:open/2,3</code> function must be used to open a connection.</p> +<div class="listingblock"><div class="title">Opening a connection to example.org on port 443</div> +<div class="content"><!-- Generator: GNU source-highlight 3.1.8 +by Lorenzo Bettini +http://www.lorenzobettini.it +http://www.gnu.org/software/src-highlite --> +<pre><tt>{<font color="#FF6600">ok</font>, <font color="#009900">ConnPid</font>} <font color="#990000">=</font> <b><font color="#000000">gun:open</font></b>(<font color="#FF0000">"example.org"</font>, <font color="#993399">443</font>)<font color="#990000">.</font></tt></pre> +</div></div> +<p>If the port given is 443, Gun will attempt to connect using TLS. The protocol will be selected automatically using the ALPN extension for TLS. By default Gun supports HTTP/2 and HTTP/1.1 when connecting using TLS.</p> +<p>For any other port, Gun will attempt to connect using plain TCP and will use the HTTP/1.1 protocol.</p> +<p>The transport and protocol used can be overriden via options. The manual documents all available options.</p> +<p>Options can be provided as a third argument, and take the form of a map.</p> +<div class="listingblock"><div class="title">Opening a TLS connection to example.org on port 8443</div> +<div class="content"><!-- Generator: GNU source-highlight 3.1.8 +by Lorenzo Bettini +http://www.lorenzobettini.it +http://www.gnu.org/software/src-highlite --> +<pre><tt>{<font color="#FF6600">ok</font>, <font color="#009900">ConnPid</font>} <font color="#990000">=</font> <b><font color="#000000">gun:open</font></b>(<font color="#FF0000">"example.org"</font>, <font color="#993399">8443</font>, #{<font color="#0000FF">transport</font> <font color="#990000">=></font> <font color="#FF6600">tls</font>})<font color="#990000">.</font></tt></pre> +</div></div> +<h2 id="_waiting_for_the_connection_to_be_established">Waiting for the connection to be established</h2> +<p>When Gun successfully connects to the server, it sends a <code>gun_up</code> message with the protocol that has been selected for the connection.</p> +<p>Gun provides the functions <code>gun:await_up/1,2,3</code> that wait for the <code>gun_up</code> message. They can optionally take a monitor reference and/or timeout value. If no monitor is provided, one will be created for the duration of the function call.</p> +<div class="listingblock"><div class="title">Synchronous opening of a connection</div> +<div class="content"><!-- Generator: GNU source-highlight 3.1.8 +by Lorenzo Bettini +http://www.lorenzobettini.it +http://www.gnu.org/software/src-highlite --> +<pre><tt>{<font color="#FF6600">ok</font>, <font color="#009900">ConnPid</font>} <font color="#990000">=</font> <b><font color="#000000">gun:open</font></b>(<font color="#FF0000">"example.org"</font>, <font color="#993399">443</font>), +{<font color="#FF6600">ok</font>, <font color="#009900">Protocol</font>} <font color="#990000">=</font> <b><font color="#000000">gun:await_up</font></b>(<font color="#009900">ConnPid</font>)<font color="#990000">.</font></tt></pre> +</div></div> +<h2 id="_handling_connection_loss">Handling connection loss</h2> +<p>When the connection is lost, Gun will send a <code>gun_down</code> message indicating the current protocol, the reason the connection was lost and two lists of stream references.</p> +<p>The first list indicates open streams that <em>may</em> have been processed by the server. The second list indicates open streams that the server did not process.</p> +<h2 id="_monitoring_the_connection_process">Monitoring the connection process</h2> +<p>Because software errors are unavoidable, it is important to detect when the Gun process crashes. It is also important to detect when it exits normally. Erlang provides two ways to do that: links and monitors.</p> +<p>Gun leaves you the choice as to which one will be used. However, if you use the <code>gun:await/2,3</code> or <code>gun:await_body/2,3</code> functions, a monitor may be used for you to avoid getting stuck waiting for a message that will never come.</p> +<p>If you choose to monitor yourself you can do it on a permanent basis rather than on every message you will receive, saving resources. Indeed, the <code>gun:await/3,4</code> and <code>gun:await_body/3,4</code> functions both accept a monitor argument if you have one already.</p> +<div class="listingblock"><div class="title">Monitoring the connection process</div> +<div class="content"><!-- Generator: GNU source-highlight 3.1.8 +by Lorenzo Bettini +http://www.lorenzobettini.it +http://www.gnu.org/software/src-highlite --> +<pre><tt>{<font color="#FF6600">ok</font>, <font color="#009900">ConnPid</font>} <font color="#990000">=</font> <b><font color="#000000">gun:open</font></b>(<font color="#FF0000">"example.org"</font>, <font color="#993399">443</font>)<font color="#990000">.</font> +<font color="#009900">MRef</font> <font color="#990000">=</font> <b><font color="#000000">monitor</font></b>(<b><font color="#000080">process</font></b>, <font color="#009900">ConnPid</font>)<font color="#990000">.</font></tt></pre> +</div></div> +<p>This monitor reference can be kept and used until the connection process exits.</p> +<div class="listingblock"><div class="title">Handling `DOWN` messages</div> +<div class="content"><!-- Generator: GNU source-highlight 3.1.8 +by Lorenzo Bettini +http://www.lorenzobettini.it +http://www.gnu.org/software/src-highlite --> +<pre><tt><b><font color="#0000FF">receive</font></b> + <i><font color="#9A1900">%% Receive Gun messages here...</font></i> + {<font color="#FF6600">'DOWN'</font>, <font color="#009900">Mref</font>, <b><font color="#000080">process</font></b>, <font color="#009900">ConnPid</font>, <font color="#009900">Reason</font>} <font color="#990000">-></font> + <b><font color="#000000">error_logger:error_msg</font></b>(<font color="#FF0000">"Oops!"</font>), + <b><font color="#000080">exit</font></b>(<font color="#009900">Reason</font>) +<b><font color="#0000FF">end</font></b><font color="#990000">.</font></tt></pre> +</div></div> +<p>What to do when you receive a <code>DOWN</code> message is entirely up to you.</p> +<h2 id="_closing_the_connection_abruptly">Closing the connection abruptly</h2> +<p>The connection can be stopped abruptly at any time by calling the <code>gun:close/1</code> function.</p> +<div class="listingblock"><div class="title">Immediate closing of the connection</div> +<div class="content"><!-- Generator: GNU source-highlight 3.1.8 +by Lorenzo Bettini +http://www.lorenzobettini.it +http://www.gnu.org/software/src-highlite --> +<pre><tt><b><font color="#000000">gun:close</font></b>(<font color="#009900">ConnPid</font>)<font color="#990000">.</font></tt></pre> +</div></div> +<p>The process is stopped immediately without having a chance to perform the protocol's closing handshake, if any.</p> +<!-- === Closing the connection gracefully--> +<!-- --> +<!-- The connection can also be stopped gracefully by calling the--> +<!-- `gun:shutdown/1` function.--> +<!-- --> +<!-- .Graceful shutdown of the connection--> +<!-- [source,erlang]--> +<!-- ------> +<!-- gun:shutdown(ConnPid).--> +<!-- ------> +<!-- --> +<!-- Gun will refuse any new requests or messages after you call--> +<!-- this function. It will however continue to send you messages--> +<!-- for existing streams until they are all completed.--> +<!-- --> +<!-- For example if you performed a GET request just before calling--> +<!-- `gun:shutdown/1`, you will still receive the response before--> +<!-- Gun closes the connection.--> +<!-- --> +<!-- If you set a monitor beforehand, you will receive a message--> +<!-- when the connection has been closed.--> + + + + + + + + + + + + <nav style="margin:1em 0"> + + <a style="float:left" href="https://ninenines.eu/docs/en/gun/1.3/guide/protocols/"> + Supported protocols + </a> + + + + <a style="float:right" href="https://ninenines.eu/docs/en/gun/1.3/guide/http/"> + HTTP + </a> + + </nav> + + + + +</div> + +<div class="span3 sidecol"> + + +<h3> + Gun + 1.3 + + User Guide +</h3> + +<ul> + + <li><a href="/docs/en/gun/1.3/guide">User Guide</a></li> + + + <li><a href="/docs/en/gun/1.3/manual">Function Reference</a></li> + + +</ul> + +<h4 id="docs-nav">Navigation</h4> + +<h4>Version select</h4> +<ul> + + + + <li><a href="/docs/en/gun/1.3/guide">1.3</a></li> + + <li><a href="/docs/en/gun/1.2/guide">1.2</a></li> + + <li><a href="/docs/en/gun/1.1/guide">1.1</a></li> + + <li><a href="/docs/en/gun/1.0/guide">1.0</a></li> + +</ul> + +</div> +</div> +</div> +</div> + + <footer> + <div class="container"> + <div class="row"> + <div class="span6"> + <p id="scroll-top"><a href="#">↑ Scroll to top</a></p> + <nav> + <ul> + <li><a href="mailto:[email protected]" title="Contact us">Contact us</a></li><li><a href="https://github.com/ninenines/ninenines.github.io" title="Github repository">Contribute to this site</a></li> + </ul> + </nav> + </div> + <div class="span6 credits"> + <p><img src="/img/footer_logo.png"></p> + <p>Copyright © Loïc Hoguin 2012-2018</p> + </div> + </div> + </div> + </footer> + + + <script src="/js/custom.js"></script> + </body> +</html> + + diff --git a/docs/en/gun/1.3/guide/gun.sty b/docs/en/gun/1.3/guide/gun.sty new file mode 100644 index 00000000..d5e0d3be --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/en/gun/1.3/guide/gun.sty @@ -0,0 +1,8 @@ +\NeedsTeXFormat{LaTeX2e} +\ProvidesPackage{asciidoc-dblatex}[2012/10/24 AsciiDoc DocBook Style] + +%% Just use the original package and pass the options. +\RequirePackageWithOptions{docbook} + +%% Define an alias for make snippets to be compatible with source-highlighter. +\lstalias{makefile}{make} diff --git a/docs/en/gun/1.3/guide/http.asciidoc b/docs/en/gun/1.3/guide/http.asciidoc new file mode 100644 index 00000000..652030a3 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/en/gun/1.3/guide/http.asciidoc @@ -0,0 +1,390 @@ +[[http]] +== HTTP + +This chapter describes how to use the Gun client for +communicating with an HTTP/1.1 or HTTP/2 server. + +=== Streams + +Every time a request is initiated, Gun creates a _stream_. +A _stream reference_ uniquely identifies a set of request and +response and must be used to perform additional operations +with a stream or to identify its messages. + +Stream references use the Erlang _reference_ data type and +are therefore unique. + +Streams can be canceled at any time. This will stop any further +messages from being sent to the owner process. Depending on +its capabilities, the server will also be instructed to cancel +the request. + +Canceling a stream may result in Gun dropping the connection +temporarily, to avoid uploading or downloading data that will +not be used. + +.Cancelling a stream +[source,erlang] +---- +gun:cancel(ConnPid, StreamRef). +---- + +=== Sending requests + +Gun provides many convenient functions for performing common +operations, like GET, POST or DELETE. It also provides a +general purpose function in case you need other methods. + +The availability of these methods on the server can vary +depending on the software used but also on a per-resource +basis. + +Gun will automatically set a few headers depending on the +method used. For all methods however it will set the host +header if it has not been provided in the request arguments. + +This section focuses on the act of sending a request. The +handling of responses will be explained further on. + +==== GET and HEAD + +Use `gun:get/2,3,4` to request a resource. + +.GET "/organizations/ninenines" +[source,erlang] +---- +StreamRef = gun:get(ConnPid, "/organizations/ninenines"). +---- + +.GET "/organizations/ninenines" with custom headers +[source,erlang] +---- +StreamRef = gun:get(ConnPid, "/organizations/ninenines", [ + {<<"accept">>, "application/json"}, + {<<"user-agent">>, "revolver/1.0"} +]). +---- + +Note that the list of headers has the field name as a binary. +The field value is iodata, which is either a binary or an +iolist. + +Use `gun:head/2,3,4` if you don't need the response body. + +.HEAD "/organizations/ninenines" +[source,erlang] +---- +StreamRef = gun:head(ConnPid, "/organizations/ninenines"). +---- + +.HEAD "/organizations/ninenines" with custom headers +[source,erlang] +---- +StreamRef = gun:head(ConnPid, "/organizations/ninenines", [ + {<<"accept">>, "application/json"}, + {<<"user-agent">>, "revolver/1.0"} +]). +---- + +It is not possible to send a request body with a GET or HEAD +request. + +==== POST, PUT and PATCH + +HTTP defines three methods to create or update a resource. + +POST is generally used when the resource identifier (URI) isn't known +in advance when creating a resource. POST can also be used to +replace an existing resource, although PUT is more appropriate +in that situation. + +PUT creates or replaces a resource identified by the URI. + +PATCH provides instructions on how to modify the resource. + +Both POST and PUT send the entire resource representation in their +request body. The PATCH method can be used when this is not +desirable. The request body of a PATCH method may be a partial +representation or a list of instructions on how to update the +resource. + +The `gun:post/4,5`, `gun:put/4,5` and `gun:patch/4,5` functions +take a body as their fourth argument. These functions do +not require any body-specific header to be set, although +it is always recommended to set the content-type header. +Gun will set the other headers automatically. + +In this and the following examples in this section, `gun:post` +can be replaced by `gun:put` or `gun:patch` for performing +a PUT or PATCH request, respectively. + +.POST "/organizations/ninenines" +[source,erlang] +---- +Body = "{\"msg\": \"Hello world!\"}", +StreamRef = gun:post(ConnPid, "/organizations/ninenines", [ + {<<"content-type">>, "application/json"} +], Body). +---- + +The `gun:post/3`, `gun:put/3` and `gun:patch/3` functions +do not take a body in their arguments. If a body is to be +provided later on, using the `gun:data/4` function, then +the request headers must indicate this. This can be done +by setting the content-length or content-type request +headers. If these headers are not set then Gun will assume +the request has no body. + +It is recommended to send the content-length header if you +know it in advance, although this is not required. If it +is not set, HTTP/1.1 will use the chunked transfer-encoding, +and HTTP/2 will continue normally as it is chunked by design. + +.POST "/organizations/ninenines" with delayed body +[source,erlang] +---- +Body = "{\"msg\": \"Hello world!\"}", +StreamRef = gun:post(ConnPid, "/organizations/ninenines", [ + {<<"content-length">>, integer_to_binary(length(Body))}, + {<<"content-type">>, "application/json"} +]), +gun:data(ConnPid, StreamRef, fin, Body). +---- + +The atom `fin` indicates this is the last chunk of data to +be sent. You can call the `gun:data/4` function as many +times as needed until you have sent the entire body. The +last call must use `fin` and all the previous calls must +use `nofin`. The last chunk may be empty. + +.Streaming the request body +[source,erlang] +---- +sendfile(ConnPid, StreamRef, Filepath) -> + {ok, IoDevice} = file:open(Filepath, [read, binary, raw]), + do_sendfile(ConnPid, StreamRef, IoDevice). + +do_sendfile(ConnPid, StreamRef, IoDevice) -> + case file:read(IoDevice, 8000) of + eof -> + gun:data(ConnPid, StreamRef, fin, <<>>), + file:close(IoDevice); + {ok, Bin} -> + gun:data(ConnPid, StreamRef, nofin, Bin), + do_sendfile(ConnPid, StreamRef, IoDevice) + end. +---- + +==== DELETE + +Use `gun:delete/2,3,4` to delete a resource. + +.DELETE "/organizations/ninenines" +[source,erlang] +---- +StreamRef = gun:delete(ConnPid, "/organizations/ninenines"). +---- + +.DELETE "/organizations/ninenines" with custom headers +[source,erlang] +---- +StreamRef = gun:delete(ConnPid, "/organizations/ninenines", [ + {<<"user-agent">>, "revolver/1.0"} +]). +---- + +==== OPTIONS + +Use `gun:options/2,3` to request information about a resource. + +.OPTIONS "/organizations/ninenines" +[source,erlang] +---- +StreamRef = gun:options(ConnPid, "/organizations/ninenines"). +---- + +.OPTIONS "/organizations/ninenines" with custom headers +[source,erlang] +---- +StreamRef = gun:options(ConnPid, "/organizations/ninenines", [ + {<<"user-agent">>, "revolver/1.0"} +]). +---- + +You can also use this function to request information about +the server itself. + +.OPTIONS "*" +[source,erlang] +---- +StreamRef = gun:options(ConnPid, "*"). +---- + +==== Requests with an arbitrary method + +The `gun:request/4,5,6` function can be used to send requests +with a configurable method name. It is mostly useful when you +need a method that Gun does not understand natively. + +.Example of a TRACE request +[source,erlang] +---- +gun:request(ConnPid, "TRACE", "/", [ + {<<"max-forwards">>, "30"} +]). +---- + +=== Processing responses + +All data received from the server is sent to the owner +process as a message. First a `gun_response` message is sent, +followed by zero or more `gun_data` messages. If something goes wrong, +a `gun_error` message is sent instead. + +The response message will inform you whether there will be +data messages following. If it contains `fin` there will be +no data messages. If it contains `nofin` then one or more data +messages will follow. + +When using HTTP/2 this value is sent with the frame and simply +passed on in the message. When using HTTP/1.1 however Gun must +guess whether data will follow by looking at the response headers. + +You can receive messages directly, or you can use the _await_ +functions to let Gun receive them for you. + +.Receiving a response using receive +[source,erlang] +---- +print_body(ConnPid, MRef) -> + StreamRef = gun:get(ConnPid, "/"), + receive + {gun_response, ConnPid, StreamRef, fin, Status, Headers} -> + no_data; + {gun_response, ConnPid, StreamRef, nofin, Status, Headers} -> + receive_data(ConnPid, MRef, StreamRef); + {'DOWN', MRef, process, ConnPid, Reason} -> + error_logger:error_msg("Oops!"), + exit(Reason) + after 1000 -> + exit(timeout) + end. + +receive_data(ConnPid, MRef, StreamRef) -> + receive + {gun_data, ConnPid, StreamRef, nofin, Data} -> + io:format("~s~n", [Data]), + receive_data(ConnPid, MRef, StreamRef); + {gun_data, ConnPid, StreamRef, fin, Data} -> + io:format("~s~n", [Data]); + {'DOWN', MRef, process, ConnPid, Reason} -> + error_logger:error_msg("Oops!"), + exit(Reason) + after 1000 -> + exit(timeout) + end. +---- + +While it may seem verbose, using messages like this has the +advantage of never locking your process, allowing you to +easily debug your code. It also allows you to start more than +one connection and concurrently perform queries on all of them +at the same time. + +You can also use Gun in a synchronous manner by using the _await_ +functions. + +The `gun:await/2,3,4` function will wait until it receives +a response to, a pushed resource related to, or data from +the given stream. + +When calling `gun:await/2,3` and not passing a monitor +reference, one is automatically created for you for the +duration of the call. + +The `gun:await_body/2,3,4` works similarly, but returns the +body received. Both functions can be combined to receive the +response and its body sequentially. + +.Receiving a response using await +[source,erlang] +---- +StreamRef = gun:get(ConnPid, "/"), +case gun:await(ConnPid, StreamRef) of + {response, fin, Status, Headers} -> + no_data; + {response, nofin, Status, Headers} -> + {ok, Body} = gun:await_body(ConnPid, StreamRef), + io:format("~s~n", [Body]) +end. +---- + +=== Handling streams pushed by the server + +The HTTP/2 protocol allows the server to push more than one +resource for every request. It will start sending those +extra resources before it starts sending the response itself, +so Gun will send you `gun_push` messages before `gun_response` +when that happens. + +You can safely choose to ignore `gun_push` messages, or +you can handle them. If you do, you can either receive the +messages directly or use _await_ functions. + +The `gun_push` message contains both the new stream reference +and the stream reference of the original request. + +.Receiving a pushed response using receive +[source,erlang] +---- +receive + {gun_push, ConnPid, OriginalStreamRef, PushedStreamRef, + Method, Host, Path, Headers} -> + enjoy() +end. +---- + +If you use the `gun:await/2,3,4` function, however, Gun +will use the original reference to identify the message but +will return a tuple that doesn't contain it. + +.Receiving a pushed response using await +[source,erlang] +---- +{push, PushedStreamRef, Method, URI, Headers} + = gun:await(ConnPid, OriginalStreamRef). +---- + +The `PushedStreamRef` variable can then be used with `gun:await/2,3,4` +and `gun:await_body/2,3,4`. + +=== Flushing unwanted messages + +Gun provides the function `gun:flush/1` to quickly get rid +of unwanted messages sitting in the process mailbox. You +can use it to get rid of all messages related to a connection, +or just the messages related to a stream. + +.Flush all messages from a Gun connection +[source,erlang] +---- +gun:flush(ConnPid). +---- + +.Flush all messages from a specific stream +[source,erlang] +---- +gun:flush(StreamRef). +---- + +=== Redirecting responses to a different process + +Gun allows you to specify which process will handle responses +to a request via the `reply_to` request option. + +.GET "/organizations/ninenines" to a different process +[source,erlang] +---- +StreamRef = gun:get(ConnPid, "/organizations/ninenines", [], + #{reply_to => Pid}). +---- diff --git a/docs/en/gun/1.3/guide/http/index.html b/docs/en/gun/1.3/guide/http/index.html new file mode 100644 index 00000000..c88fa35b --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/en/gun/1.3/guide/http/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,433 @@ +<!DOCTYPE html> +<html lang="en"> + +<head> + <meta charset="utf-8"> + <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"> + <meta name="description" content=""> + <meta name="author" content="Loïc Hoguin based on a design from (Soft10) Pol Cámara"> + + <title>Nine Nines: HTTP</title> + + <link href='https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Open+Sans:400,700,400italic' rel='stylesheet' type='text/css'> + <link href="/css/99s.css?r=2" rel="stylesheet"> + + <link rel="shortcut icon" href="/img/ico/favicon.ico"> + <link rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" sizes="114x114" href="/img/ico/apple-touch-icon-114.png"> + <link rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" sizes="72x72" href="/img/ico/apple-touch-icon-72.png"> + <link rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" href="/img/ico/apple-touch-icon-57.png"> + + +</head> + + +<body class=""> + <header id="page-head"> + <div id="topbar" class="container"> + <div class="row"> + <div class="span2"> + <h1 id="logo"><a href="/" title="99s">99s</a></h1> + </div> + <div class="span10"> + + <div id="side-header"> + <nav> + <ul> + <li><a title="Hear my thoughts" href="/articles">Articles</a></li> + <li><a title="Watch my talks" href="/talks">Talks</a></li> + <li class="active"><a title="Read the docs" href="/docs">Documentation</a></li> + <li><a title="Request my services" href="/services">Consulting & Training</a></li> + </ul> + </nav> + <ul id="social"> + <li> + <a href="https://github.com/ninenines" title="Check my Github repositories"><img src="/img/ico_github.png" data-hover="/img/ico_github_alt.png" alt="Github"></a> + </li> + <li> + <a title="Contact me" href="mailto:[email protected]"><img src="/img/ico_mail.png" data-hover="/img/ico_mail_alt.png"></a> + </li> + </ul> + </div> + </div> + </div> + </div> + + +</header> + +<div id="contents" class="two_col"> +<div class="container"> +<div class="row"> +<div id="docs" class="span9 maincol"> + +<h1 class="lined-header"><span>HTTP</span></h1> + +<p>This chapter describes how to use the Gun client for communicating with an HTTP/1.1 or HTTP/2 server.</p> +<h2 id="_streams">Streams</h2> +<p>Every time a request is initiated, Gun creates a <em>stream</em>. A <em>stream reference</em> uniquely identifies a set of request and response and must be used to perform additional operations with a stream or to identify its messages.</p> +<p>Stream references use the Erlang <em>reference</em> data type and are therefore unique.</p> +<p>Streams can be canceled at any time. This will stop any further messages from being sent to the owner process. Depending on its capabilities, the server will also be instructed to cancel the request.</p> +<p>Canceling a stream may result in Gun dropping the connection temporarily, to avoid uploading or downloading data that will not be used.</p> +<div class="listingblock"><div class="title">Cancelling a stream</div> +<div class="content"><!-- Generator: GNU source-highlight 3.1.8 +by Lorenzo Bettini +http://www.lorenzobettini.it +http://www.gnu.org/software/src-highlite --> +<pre><tt><b><font color="#000000">gun:cancel</font></b>(<font color="#009900">ConnPid</font>, <font color="#009900">StreamRef</font>)<font color="#990000">.</font></tt></pre> +</div></div> +<h2 id="_sending_requests">Sending requests</h2> +<p>Gun provides many convenient functions for performing common operations, like GET, POST or DELETE. It also provides a general purpose function in case you need other methods.</p> +<p>The availability of these methods on the server can vary depending on the software used but also on a per-resource basis.</p> +<p>Gun will automatically set a few headers depending on the method used. For all methods however it will set the host header if it has not been provided in the request arguments.</p> +<p>This section focuses on the act of sending a request. The handling of responses will be explained further on.</p> +<h4 id="_get_and_head">GET and HEAD</h4> +<p>Use <code>gun:get/2,3,4</code> to request a resource.</p> +<div class="listingblock"><div class="title">GET "/organizations/ninenines"</div> +<div class="content"><!-- Generator: GNU source-highlight 3.1.8 +by Lorenzo Bettini +http://www.lorenzobettini.it +http://www.gnu.org/software/src-highlite --> +<pre><tt><font color="#009900">StreamRef</font> <font color="#990000">=</font> <b><font color="#000000">gun:get</font></b>(<font color="#009900">ConnPid</font>, <font color="#FF0000">"/organizations/ninenines"</font>)<font color="#990000">.</font></tt></pre> +</div></div> +<div class="listingblock"><div class="title">GET "/organizations/ninenines" with custom headers</div> +<div class="content"><!-- Generator: GNU source-highlight 3.1.8 +by Lorenzo Bettini +http://www.lorenzobettini.it +http://www.gnu.org/software/src-highlite --> +<pre><tt><font color="#009900">StreamRef</font> <font color="#990000">=</font> <b><font color="#000000">gun:get</font></b>(<font color="#009900">ConnPid</font>, <font color="#FF0000">"/organizations/ninenines"</font>, [ + {<font color="#990000"><<</font><font color="#FF0000">"accept"</font><font color="#990000">>></font>, <font color="#FF0000">"application/json"</font>}, + {<font color="#990000"><<</font><font color="#FF0000">"user-agent"</font><font color="#990000">>></font>, <font color="#FF0000">"revolver/1.0"</font>} +])<font color="#990000">.</font></tt></pre> +</div></div> +<p>Note that the list of headers has the field name as a binary. The field value is iodata, which is either a binary or an iolist.</p> +<p>Use <code>gun:head/2,3,4</code> if you don't need the response body.</p> +<div class="listingblock"><div class="title">HEAD "/organizations/ninenines"</div> +<div class="content"><!-- Generator: GNU source-highlight 3.1.8 +by Lorenzo Bettini +http://www.lorenzobettini.it +http://www.gnu.org/software/src-highlite --> +<pre><tt><font color="#009900">StreamRef</font> <font color="#990000">=</font> <b><font color="#000000">gun:head</font></b>(<font color="#009900">ConnPid</font>, <font color="#FF0000">"/organizations/ninenines"</font>)<font color="#990000">.</font></tt></pre> +</div></div> +<div class="listingblock"><div class="title">HEAD "/organizations/ninenines" with custom headers</div> +<div class="content"><!-- Generator: GNU source-highlight 3.1.8 +by Lorenzo Bettini +http://www.lorenzobettini.it +http://www.gnu.org/software/src-highlite --> +<pre><tt><font color="#009900">StreamRef</font> <font color="#990000">=</font> <b><font color="#000000">gun:head</font></b>(<font color="#009900">ConnPid</font>, <font color="#FF0000">"/organizations/ninenines"</font>, [ + {<font color="#990000"><<</font><font color="#FF0000">"accept"</font><font color="#990000">>></font>, <font color="#FF0000">"application/json"</font>}, + {<font color="#990000"><<</font><font color="#FF0000">"user-agent"</font><font color="#990000">>></font>, <font color="#FF0000">"revolver/1.0"</font>} +])<font color="#990000">.</font></tt></pre> +</div></div> +<p>It is not possible to send a request body with a GET or HEAD request.</p> +<h4 id="_post__put_and_patch">POST, PUT and PATCH</h4> +<p>HTTP defines three methods to create or update a resource.</p> +<p>POST is generally used when the resource identifier (URI) isn't known in advance when creating a resource. POST can also be used to replace an existing resource, although PUT is more appropriate in that situation.</p> +<p>PUT creates or replaces a resource identified by the URI.</p> +<p>PATCH provides instructions on how to modify the resource.</p> +<p>Both POST and PUT send the entire resource representation in their request body. The PATCH method can be used when this is not desirable. The request body of a PATCH method may be a partial representation or a list of instructions on how to update the resource.</p> +<p>The <code>gun:post/4,5</code>, <code>gun:put/4,5</code> and <code>gun:patch/4,5</code> functions take a body as their fourth argument. These functions do not require any body-specific header to be set, although it is always recommended to set the content-type header. Gun will set the other headers automatically.</p> +<p>In this and the following examples in this section, <code>gun:post</code> can be replaced by <code>gun:put</code> or <code>gun:patch</code> for performing a PUT or PATCH request, respectively.</p> +<div class="listingblock"><div class="title">POST "/organizations/ninenines"</div> +<div class="content"><!-- Generator: GNU source-highlight 3.1.8 +by Lorenzo Bettini +http://www.lorenzobettini.it +http://www.gnu.org/software/src-highlite --> +<pre><tt><font color="#009900">Body</font> <font color="#990000">=</font> <font color="#FF0000">"{\"msg\": \"Hello world!\"}"</font>, +<font color="#009900">StreamRef</font> <font color="#990000">=</font> <b><font color="#000000">gun:post</font></b>(<font color="#009900">ConnPid</font>, <font color="#FF0000">"/organizations/ninenines"</font>, [ + {<font color="#990000"><<</font><font color="#FF0000">"content-type"</font><font color="#990000">>></font>, <font color="#FF0000">"application/json"</font>} +], <font color="#009900">Body</font>)<font color="#990000">.</font></tt></pre> +</div></div> +<p>The <code>gun:post/3</code>, <code>gun:put/3</code> and <code>gun:patch/3</code> functions do not take a body in their arguments. If a body is to be provided later on, using the <code>gun:data/4</code> function, then the request headers must indicate this. This can be done by setting the content-length or content-type request headers. If these headers are not set then Gun will assume the request has no body.</p> +<p>It is recommended to send the content-length header if you know it in advance, although this is not required. If it is not set, HTTP/1.1 will use the chunked transfer-encoding, and HTTP/2 will continue normally as it is chunked by design.</p> +<div class="listingblock"><div class="title">POST "/organizations/ninenines" with delayed body</div> +<div class="content"><!-- Generator: GNU source-highlight 3.1.8 +by Lorenzo Bettini +http://www.lorenzobettini.it +http://www.gnu.org/software/src-highlite --> +<pre><tt><font color="#009900">Body</font> <font color="#990000">=</font> <font color="#FF0000">"{\"msg\": \"Hello world!\"}"</font>, +<font color="#009900">StreamRef</font> <font color="#990000">=</font> <b><font color="#000000">gun:post</font></b>(<font color="#009900">ConnPid</font>, <font color="#FF0000">"/organizations/ninenines"</font>, [ + {<font color="#990000"><<</font><font color="#FF0000">"content-length"</font><font color="#990000">>></font>, <b><font color="#000000">integer_to_binary</font></b>(<b><font color="#000080">length</font></b>(<font color="#009900">Body</font>))}, + {<font color="#990000"><<</font><font color="#FF0000">"content-type"</font><font color="#990000">>></font>, <font color="#FF0000">"application/json"</font>} +]), +<b><font color="#000000">gun:data</font></b>(<font color="#009900">ConnPid</font>, <font color="#009900">StreamRef</font>, <font color="#FF6600">fin</font>, <font color="#009900">Body</font>)<font color="#990000">.</font></tt></pre> +</div></div> +<p>The atom <code>fin</code> indicates this is the last chunk of data to be sent. You can call the <code>gun:data/4</code> function as many times as needed until you have sent the entire body. The last call must use <code>fin</code> and all the previous calls must use <code>nofin</code>. The last chunk may be empty.</p> +<div class="listingblock"><div class="title">Streaming the request body</div> +<div class="content"><!-- Generator: GNU source-highlight 3.1.8 +by Lorenzo Bettini +http://www.lorenzobettini.it +http://www.gnu.org/software/src-highlite --> +<pre><tt><b><font color="#000000">sendfile</font></b>(<font color="#009900">ConnPid</font>, <font color="#009900">StreamRef</font>, <font color="#009900">Filepath</font>) <font color="#990000">-></font> + {<font color="#FF6600">ok</font>, <font color="#009900">IoDevice</font>} <font color="#990000">=</font> <b><font color="#000000">file:open</font></b>(<font color="#009900">Filepath</font>, [<font color="#FF6600">read</font>, <b><font color="#000080">binary</font></b>, <font color="#FF6600">raw</font>]), + <b><font color="#000000">do_sendfile</font></b>(<font color="#009900">ConnPid</font>, <font color="#009900">StreamRef</font>, <font color="#009900">IoDevice</font>)<font color="#990000">.</font> + +<b><font color="#000000">do_sendfile</font></b>(<font color="#009900">ConnPid</font>, <font color="#009900">StreamRef</font>, <font color="#009900">IoDevice</font>) <font color="#990000">-></font> + <b><font color="#0000FF">case</font></b> <b><font color="#000000">file:read</font></b>(<font color="#009900">IoDevice</font>, <font color="#993399">8000</font>) <b><font color="#0000FF">of</font></b> + <font color="#FF6600">eof</font> <font color="#990000">-></font> + <b><font color="#000000">gun:data</font></b>(<font color="#009900">ConnPid</font>, <font color="#009900">StreamRef</font>, <font color="#FF6600">fin</font>, <font color="#990000"><<>></font>), + <b><font color="#000000">file:close</font></b>(<font color="#009900">IoDevice</font>); + {<font color="#FF6600">ok</font>, <font color="#009900">Bin</font>} <font color="#990000">-></font> + <b><font color="#000000">gun:data</font></b>(<font color="#009900">ConnPid</font>, <font color="#009900">StreamRef</font>, <font color="#FF6600">nofin</font>, <font color="#009900">Bin</font>), + <b><font color="#000000">do_sendfile</font></b>(<font color="#009900">ConnPid</font>, <font color="#009900">StreamRef</font>, <font color="#009900">IoDevice</font>) + <b><font color="#0000FF">end</font></b><font color="#990000">.</font></tt></pre> +</div></div> +<h4 id="_delete">DELETE</h4> +<p>Use <code>gun:delete/2,3,4</code> to delete a resource.</p> +<div class="listingblock"><div class="title">DELETE "/organizations/ninenines"</div> +<div class="content"><!-- Generator: GNU source-highlight 3.1.8 +by Lorenzo Bettini +http://www.lorenzobettini.it +http://www.gnu.org/software/src-highlite --> +<pre><tt><font color="#009900">StreamRef</font> <font color="#990000">=</font> <b><font color="#000000">gun:delete</font></b>(<font color="#009900">ConnPid</font>, <font color="#FF0000">"/organizations/ninenines"</font>)<font color="#990000">.</font></tt></pre> +</div></div> +<div class="listingblock"><div class="title">DELETE "/organizations/ninenines" with custom headers</div> +<div class="content"><!-- Generator: GNU source-highlight 3.1.8 +by Lorenzo Bettini +http://www.lorenzobettini.it +http://www.gnu.org/software/src-highlite --> +<pre><tt><font color="#009900">StreamRef</font> <font color="#990000">=</font> <b><font color="#000000">gun:delete</font></b>(<font color="#009900">ConnPid</font>, <font color="#FF0000">"/organizations/ninenines"</font>, [ + {<font color="#990000"><<</font><font color="#FF0000">"user-agent"</font><font color="#990000">>></font>, <font color="#FF0000">"revolver/1.0"</font>} +])<font color="#990000">.</font></tt></pre> +</div></div> +<h4 id="_options">OPTIONS</h4> +<p>Use <code>gun:options/2,3</code> to request information about a resource.</p> +<div class="listingblock"><div class="title">OPTIONS "/organizations/ninenines"</div> +<div class="content"><!-- Generator: GNU source-highlight 3.1.8 +by Lorenzo Bettini +http://www.lorenzobettini.it +http://www.gnu.org/software/src-highlite --> +<pre><tt><font color="#009900">StreamRef</font> <font color="#990000">=</font> <b><font color="#000000">gun:options</font></b>(<font color="#009900">ConnPid</font>, <font color="#FF0000">"/organizations/ninenines"</font>)<font color="#990000">.</font></tt></pre> +</div></div> +<div class="listingblock"><div class="title">OPTIONS "/organizations/ninenines" with custom headers</div> +<div class="content"><!-- Generator: GNU source-highlight 3.1.8 +by Lorenzo Bettini +http://www.lorenzobettini.it +http://www.gnu.org/software/src-highlite --> +<pre><tt><font color="#009900">StreamRef</font> <font color="#990000">=</font> <b><font color="#000000">gun:options</font></b>(<font color="#009900">ConnPid</font>, <font color="#FF0000">"/organizations/ninenines"</font>, [ + {<font color="#990000"><<</font><font color="#FF0000">"user-agent"</font><font color="#990000">>></font>, <font color="#FF0000">"revolver/1.0"</font>} +])<font color="#990000">.</font></tt></pre> +</div></div> +<p>You can also use this function to request information about the server itself.</p> +<div class="listingblock"><div class="title">OPTIONS "*"</div> +<div class="content"><!-- Generator: GNU source-highlight 3.1.8 +by Lorenzo Bettini +http://www.lorenzobettini.it +http://www.gnu.org/software/src-highlite --> +<pre><tt><font color="#009900">StreamRef</font> <font color="#990000">=</font> <b><font color="#000000">gun:options</font></b>(<font color="#009900">ConnPid</font>, <font color="#FF0000">"*"</font>)<font color="#990000">.</font></tt></pre> +</div></div> +<h4 id="_requests_with_an_arbitrary_method">Requests with an arbitrary method</h4> +<p>The <code>gun:request/4,5,6</code> function can be used to send requests with a configurable method name. It is mostly useful when you need a method that Gun does not understand natively.</p> +<div class="listingblock"><div class="title">Example of a TRACE request</div> +<div class="content"><!-- Generator: GNU source-highlight 3.1.8 +by Lorenzo Bettini +http://www.lorenzobettini.it +http://www.gnu.org/software/src-highlite --> +<pre><tt><b><font color="#000000">gun:request</font></b>(<font color="#009900">ConnPid</font>, <font color="#FF0000">"TRACE"</font>, <font color="#FF0000">"/"</font>, [ + {<font color="#990000"><<</font><font color="#FF0000">"max-forwards"</font><font color="#990000">>></font>, <font color="#FF0000">"30"</font>} +])<font color="#990000">.</font></tt></pre> +</div></div> +<h2 id="_processing_responses">Processing responses</h2> +<p>All data received from the server is sent to the owner process as a message. First a <code>gun_response</code> message is sent, followed by zero or more <code>gun_data</code> messages. If something goes wrong, a <code>gun_error</code> message is sent instead.</p> +<p>The response message will inform you whether there will be data messages following. If it contains <code>fin</code> there will be no data messages. If it contains <code>nofin</code> then one or more data messages will follow.</p> +<p>When using HTTP/2 this value is sent with the frame and simply passed on in the message. When using HTTP/1.1 however Gun must guess whether data will follow by looking at the response headers.</p> +<p>You can receive messages directly, or you can use the <em>await</em> functions to let Gun receive them for you.</p> +<div class="listingblock"><div class="title">Receiving a response using receive</div> +<div class="content"><!-- Generator: GNU source-highlight 3.1.8 +by Lorenzo Bettini +http://www.lorenzobettini.it +http://www.gnu.org/software/src-highlite --> +<pre><tt><b><font color="#000000">print_body</font></b>(<font color="#009900">ConnPid</font>, <font color="#009900">MRef</font>) <font color="#990000">-></font> + <font color="#009900">StreamRef</font> <font color="#990000">=</font> <b><font color="#000000">gun:get</font></b>(<font color="#009900">ConnPid</font>, <font color="#FF0000">"/"</font>), + <b><font color="#0000FF">receive</font></b> + {<font color="#FF6600">gun_response</font>, <font color="#009900">ConnPid</font>, <font color="#009900">StreamRef</font>, <font color="#FF6600">fin</font>, <font color="#009900">Status</font>, <font color="#009900">Headers</font>} <font color="#990000">-></font> + <font color="#FF6600">no_data</font>; + {<font color="#FF6600">gun_response</font>, <font color="#009900">ConnPid</font>, <font color="#009900">StreamRef</font>, <font color="#FF6600">nofin</font>, <font color="#009900">Status</font>, <font color="#009900">Headers</font>} <font color="#990000">-></font> + <b><font color="#000000">receive_data</font></b>(<font color="#009900">ConnPid</font>, <font color="#009900">MRef</font>, <font color="#009900">StreamRef</font>); + {<font color="#FF6600">'DOWN'</font>, <font color="#009900">MRef</font>, <b><font color="#000080">process</font></b>, <font color="#009900">ConnPid</font>, <font color="#009900">Reason</font>} <font color="#990000">-></font> + <b><font color="#000000">error_logger:error_msg</font></b>(<font color="#FF0000">"Oops!"</font>), + <b><font color="#000080">exit</font></b>(<font color="#009900">Reason</font>) + <b><font color="#0000FF">after</font></b> <font color="#993399">1000</font> <font color="#990000">-></font> + <b><font color="#000080">exit</font></b>(<font color="#FF6600">timeout</font>) + <b><font color="#0000FF">end</font></b><font color="#990000">.</font> + +<b><font color="#000000">receive_data</font></b>(<font color="#009900">ConnPid</font>, <font color="#009900">MRef</font>, <font color="#009900">StreamRef</font>) <font color="#990000">-></font> + <b><font color="#0000FF">receive</font></b> + {<font color="#FF6600">gun_data</font>, <font color="#009900">ConnPid</font>, <font color="#009900">StreamRef</font>, <font color="#FF6600">nofin</font>, <font color="#009900">Data</font>} <font color="#990000">-></font> + <b><font color="#000000">io:format</font></b>(<font color="#FF0000">"~s~n"</font>, [<font color="#009900">Data</font>]), + <b><font color="#000000">receive_data</font></b>(<font color="#009900">ConnPid</font>, <font color="#009900">MRef</font>, <font color="#009900">StreamRef</font>); + {<font color="#FF6600">gun_data</font>, <font color="#009900">ConnPid</font>, <font color="#009900">StreamRef</font>, <font color="#FF6600">fin</font>, <font color="#009900">Data</font>} <font color="#990000">-></font> + <b><font color="#000000">io:format</font></b>(<font color="#FF0000">"~s~n"</font>, [<font color="#009900">Data</font>]); + {<font color="#FF6600">'DOWN'</font>, <font color="#009900">MRef</font>, <b><font color="#000080">process</font></b>, <font color="#009900">ConnPid</font>, <font color="#009900">Reason</font>} <font color="#990000">-></font> + <b><font color="#000000">error_logger:error_msg</font></b>(<font color="#FF0000">"Oops!"</font>), + <b><font color="#000080">exit</font></b>(<font color="#009900">Reason</font>) + <b><font color="#0000FF">after</font></b> <font color="#993399">1000</font> <font color="#990000">-></font> + <b><font color="#000080">exit</font></b>(<font color="#FF6600">timeout</font>) + <b><font color="#0000FF">end</font></b><font color="#990000">.</font></tt></pre> +</div></div> +<p>While it may seem verbose, using messages like this has the advantage of never locking your process, allowing you to easily debug your code. It also allows you to start more than one connection and concurrently perform queries on all of them at the same time.</p> +<p>You can also use Gun in a synchronous manner by using the <em>await</em> functions.</p> +<p>The <code>gun:await/2,3,4</code> function will wait until it receives a response to, a pushed resource related to, or data from the given stream.</p> +<p>When calling <code>gun:await/2,3</code> and not passing a monitor reference, one is automatically created for you for the duration of the call.</p> +<p>The <code>gun:await_body/2,3,4</code> works similarly, but returns the body received. Both functions can be combined to receive the response and its body sequentially.</p> +<div class="listingblock"><div class="title">Receiving a response using await</div> +<div class="content"><!-- Generator: GNU source-highlight 3.1.8 +by Lorenzo Bettini +http://www.lorenzobettini.it +http://www.gnu.org/software/src-highlite --> +<pre><tt><font color="#009900">StreamRef</font> <font color="#990000">=</font> <b><font color="#000000">gun:get</font></b>(<font color="#009900">ConnPid</font>, <font color="#FF0000">"/"</font>), +<b><font color="#0000FF">case</font></b> <b><font color="#000000">gun:await</font></b>(<font color="#009900">ConnPid</font>, <font color="#009900">StreamRef</font>) <b><font color="#0000FF">of</font></b> + {<font color="#FF6600">response</font>, <font color="#FF6600">fin</font>, <font color="#009900">Status</font>, <font color="#009900">Headers</font>} <font color="#990000">-></font> + <font color="#FF6600">no_data</font>; + {<font color="#FF6600">response</font>, <font color="#FF6600">nofin</font>, <font color="#009900">Status</font>, <font color="#009900">Headers</font>} <font color="#990000">-></font> + {<font color="#FF6600">ok</font>, <font color="#009900">Body</font>} <font color="#990000">=</font> <b><font color="#000000">gun:await_body</font></b>(<font color="#009900">ConnPid</font>, <font color="#009900">StreamRef</font>), + <b><font color="#000000">io:format</font></b>(<font color="#FF0000">"~s~n"</font>, [<font color="#009900">Body</font>]) +<b><font color="#0000FF">end</font></b><font color="#990000">.</font></tt></pre> +</div></div> +<h2 id="_handling_streams_pushed_by_the_server">Handling streams pushed by the server</h2> +<p>The HTTP/2 protocol allows the server to push more than one resource for every request. It will start sending those extra resources before it starts sending the response itself, so Gun will send you <code>gun_push</code> messages before <code>gun_response</code> when that happens.</p> +<p>You can safely choose to ignore <code>gun_push</code> messages, or you can handle them. If you do, you can either receive the messages directly or use <em>await</em> functions.</p> +<p>The <code>gun_push</code> message contains both the new stream reference and the stream reference of the original request.</p> +<div class="listingblock"><div class="title">Receiving a pushed response using receive</div> +<div class="content"><!-- Generator: GNU source-highlight 3.1.8 +by Lorenzo Bettini +http://www.lorenzobettini.it +http://www.gnu.org/software/src-highlite --> +<pre><tt><b><font color="#0000FF">receive</font></b> + {<font color="#FF6600">gun_push</font>, <font color="#009900">ConnPid</font>, <font color="#009900">OriginalStreamRef</font>, <font color="#009900">PushedStreamRef</font>, + <font color="#009900">Method</font>, <font color="#009900">Host</font>, <font color="#009900">Path</font>, <font color="#009900">Headers</font>} <font color="#990000">-></font> + <b><font color="#000000">enjoy</font></b>() +<b><font color="#0000FF">end</font></b><font color="#990000">.</font></tt></pre> +</div></div> +<p>If you use the <code>gun:await/2,3,4</code> function, however, Gun will use the original reference to identify the message but will return a tuple that doesn't contain it.</p> +<div class="listingblock"><div class="title">Receiving a pushed response using await</div> +<div class="content"><!-- Generator: GNU source-highlight 3.1.8 +by Lorenzo Bettini +http://www.lorenzobettini.it +http://www.gnu.org/software/src-highlite --> +<pre><tt>{<font color="#FF6600">push</font>, <font color="#009900">PushedStreamRef</font>, <font color="#009900">Method</font>, <font color="#009900">URI</font>, <font color="#009900">Headers</font>} + <font color="#990000">=</font> <b><font color="#000000">gun:await</font></b>(<font color="#009900">ConnPid</font>, <font color="#009900">OriginalStreamRef</font>)<font color="#990000">.</font></tt></pre> +</div></div> +<p>The <code>PushedStreamRef</code> variable can then be used with <code>gun:await/2,3,4</code> and <code>gun:await_body/2,3,4</code>.</p> +<h2 id="_flushing_unwanted_messages">Flushing unwanted messages</h2> +<p>Gun provides the function <code>gun:flush/1</code> to quickly get rid of unwanted messages sitting in the process mailbox. You can use it to get rid of all messages related to a connection, or just the messages related to a stream.</p> +<div class="listingblock"><div class="title">Flush all messages from a Gun connection</div> +<div class="content"><!-- Generator: GNU source-highlight 3.1.8 +by Lorenzo Bettini +http://www.lorenzobettini.it +http://www.gnu.org/software/src-highlite --> +<pre><tt><b><font color="#000000">gun:flush</font></b>(<font color="#009900">ConnPid</font>)<font color="#990000">.</font></tt></pre> +</div></div> +<div class="listingblock"><div class="title">Flush all messages from a specific stream</div> +<div class="content"><!-- Generator: GNU source-highlight 3.1.8 +by Lorenzo Bettini +http://www.lorenzobettini.it +http://www.gnu.org/software/src-highlite --> +<pre><tt><b><font color="#000000">gun:flush</font></b>(<font color="#009900">StreamRef</font>)<font color="#990000">.</font></tt></pre> +</div></div> +<h2 id="_redirecting_responses_to_a_different_process">Redirecting responses to a different process</h2> +<p>Gun allows you to specify which process will handle responses to a request via the <code>reply_to</code> request option.</p> +<div class="listingblock"><div class="title">GET "/organizations/ninenines" to a different process</div> +<div class="content"><!-- Generator: GNU source-highlight 3.1.8 +by Lorenzo Bettini +http://www.lorenzobettini.it +http://www.gnu.org/software/src-highlite --> +<pre><tt><font color="#009900">StreamRef</font> <font color="#990000">=</font> <b><font color="#000000">gun:get</font></b>(<font color="#009900">ConnPid</font>, <font color="#FF0000">"/organizations/ninenines"</font>, [], + #{<font color="#0000FF">reply_to</font> <font color="#990000">=></font> <font color="#009900">Pid</font>})<font color="#990000">.</font></tt></pre> +</div></div> + + + + + + + + + + + + <nav style="margin:1em 0"> + + <a style="float:left" href="https://ninenines.eu/docs/en/gun/1.3/guide/connect/"> + Connection + </a> + + + + <a style="float:right" href="https://ninenines.eu/docs/en/gun/1.3/guide/websocket/"> + Websocket + </a> + + </nav> + + + + +</div> + +<div class="span3 sidecol"> + + +<h3> + Gun + 1.3 + + User Guide +</h3> + +<ul> + + <li><a href="/docs/en/gun/1.3/guide">User Guide</a></li> + + + <li><a href="/docs/en/gun/1.3/manual">Function Reference</a></li> + + +</ul> + +<h4 id="docs-nav">Navigation</h4> + +<h4>Version select</h4> +<ul> + + + + <li><a href="/docs/en/gun/1.3/guide">1.3</a></li> + + <li><a href="/docs/en/gun/1.2/guide">1.2</a></li> + + <li><a href="/docs/en/gun/1.1/guide">1.1</a></li> + + <li><a href="/docs/en/gun/1.0/guide">1.0</a></li> + +</ul> + +</div> +</div> +</div> +</div> + + <footer> + <div class="container"> + <div class="row"> + <div class="span6"> + <p id="scroll-top"><a href="#">↑ Scroll to top</a></p> + <nav> + <ul> + <li><a href="mailto:[email protected]" title="Contact us">Contact us</a></li><li><a href="https://github.com/ninenines/ninenines.github.io" title="Github repository">Contribute to this site</a></li> + </ul> + </nav> + </div> + <div class="span6 credits"> + <p><img src="/img/footer_logo.png"></p> + <p>Copyright © Loïc Hoguin 2012-2018</p> + </div> + </div> + </div> + </footer> + + + <script src="/js/custom.js"></script> + </body> +</html> + + diff --git a/docs/en/gun/1.3/guide/index.html b/docs/en/gun/1.3/guide/index.html new file mode 100644 index 00000000..676051aa --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/en/gun/1.3/guide/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,161 @@ +<!DOCTYPE html> +<html lang="en"> + +<head> + <meta charset="utf-8"> + <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"> + <meta name="description" content=""> + <meta name="author" content="Loïc Hoguin based on a design from (Soft10) Pol Cámara"> + + <title>Nine Nines: Gun User Guide</title> + + <link href='https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Open+Sans:400,700,400italic' rel='stylesheet' type='text/css'> + <link href="/css/99s.css?r=2" rel="stylesheet"> + + <link rel="shortcut icon" href="/img/ico/favicon.ico"> + <link rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" sizes="114x114" href="/img/ico/apple-touch-icon-114.png"> + <link rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" sizes="72x72" href="/img/ico/apple-touch-icon-72.png"> + <link rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" href="/img/ico/apple-touch-icon-57.png"> + + +</head> + + +<body class=""> + <header id="page-head"> + <div id="topbar" class="container"> + <div class="row"> + <div class="span2"> + <h1 id="logo"><a href="/" title="99s">99s</a></h1> + </div> + <div class="span10"> + + <div id="side-header"> + <nav> + <ul> + <li><a title="Hear my thoughts" href="/articles">Articles</a></li> + <li><a title="Watch my talks" href="/talks">Talks</a></li> + <li class="active"><a title="Read the docs" href="/docs">Documentation</a></li> + <li><a title="Request my services" href="/services">Consulting & Training</a></li> + </ul> + </nav> + <ul id="social"> + <li> + <a href="https://github.com/ninenines" title="Check my Github repositories"><img src="/img/ico_github.png" data-hover="/img/ico_github_alt.png" alt="Github"></a> + </li> + <li> + <a title="Contact me" href="mailto:[email protected]"><img src="/img/ico_mail.png" data-hover="/img/ico_mail_alt.png"></a> + </li> + </ul> + </div> + </div> + </div> + </div> + + +</header> + +<div id="contents" class="two_col"> +<div class="container"> +<div class="row"> +<div id="docs" class="span9 maincol"> + +<h1 class="lined-header"><span>Gun User Guide</span></h1> + +<h2 id="_interface">Interface</h2> +<ul><li><a href="introduction/">Introduction</a> +</li> +<li><a href="start/">Starting and stopping</a> +</li> +<li><a href="protocols/">Supported protocols</a> +</li> +<li><a href="connect/">Connection</a> +</li> +<li><a href="http/">Using HTTP</a> +</li> +<li><a href="websocket/">Using Websocket</a> +</li> +</ul> +<h2 id="_additional_information">Additional information</h2> +<ul><li><a href="migrating_from_1.2/">Migrating from Gun 1.2 to 1.3</a> +</li> +<li><a href="migrating_from_1.1/">Migrating from Gun 1.1 to 1.2</a> +</li> +<li><a href="migrating_from_1.0/">Migrating from Gun 1.0 to 1.1</a> +</li> +</ul> + + + + + + +</div> + +<div class="span3 sidecol"> + + +<h3> + Gun + 1.3 + + User Guide +</h3> + +<ul> + + <li><a href="/docs/en/gun/1.3/guide">User Guide</a></li> + + + <li><a href="/docs/en/gun/1.3/manual">Function Reference</a></li> + + +</ul> + +<h4 id="docs-nav">Navigation</h4> + +<h4>Version select</h4> +<ul> + + + + <li><a href="/docs/en/gun/1.3/guide">1.3</a></li> + + <li><a href="/docs/en/gun/1.2/guide">1.2</a></li> + + <li><a href="/docs/en/gun/1.1/guide">1.1</a></li> + + <li><a href="/docs/en/gun/1.0/guide">1.0</a></li> + +</ul> + +</div> +</div> +</div> +</div> + + <footer> + <div class="container"> + <div class="row"> + <div class="span6"> + <p id="scroll-top"><a href="#">↑ Scroll to top</a></p> + <nav> + <ul> + <li><a href="mailto:[email protected]" title="Contact us">Contact us</a></li><li><a href="https://github.com/ninenines/ninenines.github.io" title="Github repository">Contribute to this site</a></li> + </ul> + </nav> + </div> + <div class="span6 credits"> + <p><img src="/img/footer_logo.png"></p> + <p>Copyright © Loïc Hoguin 2012-2018</p> + </div> + </div> + </div> + </footer> + + + <script src="/js/custom.js"></script> + </body> +</html> + + diff --git a/docs/en/gun/1.3/guide/introduction.asciidoc b/docs/en/gun/1.3/guide/introduction.asciidoc new file mode 100644 index 00000000..f7cd9c10 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/en/gun/1.3/guide/introduction.asciidoc @@ -0,0 +1,52 @@ +[[introduction]] +== Introduction + +Gun is an HTTP client for Erlang/OTP. + +Gun supports the HTTP/2, HTTP/1.1 and Websocket protocols. + +=== Prerequisites + +Knowledge of Erlang, but also of the HTTP/1.1, HTTP/2 and Websocket +protocols is required in order to read this guide. + +=== Supported platforms + +Gun is tested and supported on Linux, FreeBSD, Windows and OSX. + +Gun is developed for Erlang/OTP 19.0 and newer. + +=== License + +Gun uses the ISC License. + +---- +Copyright (c) 2013-2018, Loïc Hoguin <[email protected]> + +Permission to use, copy, modify, and/or distribute this software for any +purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above +copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies. + +THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES +WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF +MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR +ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES +WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN +ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF +OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE. +---- + +=== Versioning + +Gun uses http://semver.org/[Semantic Versioning 2.0.0]. + +=== Conventions + +In the HTTP protocol, the method name is case sensitive. All standard +method names are uppercase. + +Header names are case insensitive. Gun converts all the header names +to lowercase, and expects your application to provide lowercase header +names. + +The same applies to any other case insensitive value. diff --git a/docs/en/gun/1.3/guide/introduction/index.html b/docs/en/gun/1.3/guide/introduction/index.html new file mode 100644 index 00000000..6ddd41ac --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/en/gun/1.3/guide/introduction/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,185 @@ +<!DOCTYPE html> +<html lang="en"> + +<head> + <meta charset="utf-8"> + <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"> + <meta name="description" content=""> + <meta name="author" content="Loïc Hoguin based on a design from (Soft10) Pol Cámara"> + + <title>Nine Nines: Introduction</title> + + <link href='https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Open+Sans:400,700,400italic' rel='stylesheet' type='text/css'> + <link href="/css/99s.css?r=2" rel="stylesheet"> + + <link rel="shortcut icon" href="/img/ico/favicon.ico"> + <link rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" sizes="114x114" href="/img/ico/apple-touch-icon-114.png"> + <link rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" sizes="72x72" href="/img/ico/apple-touch-icon-72.png"> + <link rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" href="/img/ico/apple-touch-icon-57.png"> + + +</head> + + +<body class=""> + <header id="page-head"> + <div id="topbar" class="container"> + <div class="row"> + <div class="span2"> + <h1 id="logo"><a href="/" title="99s">99s</a></h1> + </div> + <div class="span10"> + + <div id="side-header"> + <nav> + <ul> + <li><a title="Hear my thoughts" href="/articles">Articles</a></li> + <li><a title="Watch my talks" href="/talks">Talks</a></li> + <li class="active"><a title="Read the docs" href="/docs">Documentation</a></li> + <li><a title="Request my services" href="/services">Consulting & Training</a></li> + </ul> + </nav> + <ul id="social"> + <li> + <a href="https://github.com/ninenines" title="Check my Github repositories"><img src="/img/ico_github.png" data-hover="/img/ico_github_alt.png" alt="Github"></a> + </li> + <li> + <a title="Contact me" href="mailto:[email protected]"><img src="/img/ico_mail.png" data-hover="/img/ico_mail_alt.png"></a> + </li> + </ul> + </div> + </div> + </div> + </div> + + +</header> + +<div id="contents" class="two_col"> +<div class="container"> +<div class="row"> +<div id="docs" class="span9 maincol"> + +<h1 class="lined-header"><span>Introduction</span></h1> + +<p>Gun is an HTTP client for Erlang/OTP.</p> +<p>Gun supports the HTTP/2, HTTP/1.1 and Websocket protocols.</p> +<h2 id="_prerequisites">Prerequisites</h2> +<p>Knowledge of Erlang, but also of the HTTP/1.1, HTTP/2 and Websocket protocols is required in order to read this guide.</p> +<h2 id="_supported_platforms">Supported platforms</h2> +<p>Gun is tested and supported on Linux, FreeBSD, Windows and OSX.</p> +<p>Gun is developed for Erlang/OTP 19.0 and newer.</p> +<h2 id="_license">License</h2> +<p>Gun uses the ISC License.</p> +<div class="listingblock"><div class="content"><pre>Copyright (c) 2013-2018, Loïc Hoguin <[email protected]> + +Permission to use, copy, modify, and/or distribute this software for any +purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above +copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies. + +THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES +WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF +MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR +ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES +WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN +ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF +OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.</pre></div></div> +<h2 id="_versioning">Versioning</h2> +<p>Gun uses <a href="http://semver.org/">Semantic Versioning 2.0.0</a>.</p> +<h2 id="_conventions">Conventions</h2> +<p>In the HTTP protocol, the method name is case sensitive. All standard method names are uppercase.</p> +<p>Header names are case insensitive. Gun converts all the header names to lowercase, and expects your application to provide lowercase header names.</p> +<p>The same applies to any other case insensitive value.</p> + + + + + + + + + + + + <nav style="margin:1em 0"> + + + + <a style="float:right" href="https://ninenines.eu/docs/en/gun/1.3/guide/start/"> + Starting and stopping + </a> + + </nav> + + + + +</div> + +<div class="span3 sidecol"> + + +<h3> + Gun + 1.3 + + User Guide +</h3> + +<ul> + + <li><a href="/docs/en/gun/1.3/guide">User Guide</a></li> + + + <li><a href="/docs/en/gun/1.3/manual">Function Reference</a></li> + + +</ul> + +<h4 id="docs-nav">Navigation</h4> + +<h4>Version select</h4> +<ul> + + + + <li><a href="/docs/en/gun/1.3/guide">1.3</a></li> + + <li><a href="/docs/en/gun/1.2/guide">1.2</a></li> + + <li><a href="/docs/en/gun/1.1/guide">1.1</a></li> + + <li><a href="/docs/en/gun/1.0/guide">1.0</a></li> + +</ul> + +</div> +</div> +</div> +</div> + + <footer> + <div class="container"> + <div class="row"> + <div class="span6"> + <p id="scroll-top"><a href="#">↑ Scroll to top</a></p> + <nav> + <ul> + <li><a href="mailto:[email protected]" title="Contact us">Contact us</a></li><li><a href="https://github.com/ninenines/ninenines.github.io" title="Github repository">Contribute to this site</a></li> + </ul> + </nav> + </div> + <div class="span6 credits"> + <p><img src="/img/footer_logo.png"></p> + <p>Copyright © Loïc Hoguin 2012-2018</p> + </div> + </div> + </div> + </footer> + + + <script src="/js/custom.js"></script> + </body> +</html> + + diff --git a/docs/en/gun/1.3/guide/migrating_from_1.0.asciidoc b/docs/en/gun/1.3/guide/migrating_from_1.0.asciidoc new file mode 100644 index 00000000..8057683c --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/en/gun/1.3/guide/migrating_from_1.0.asciidoc @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +[appendix] +== Migrating from Gun 1.0 to 1.1 + +Gun 1.1 updates the Cowlib dependency to 2.5.1 and fixes a +few problems with experimental features. + +== Features added + +* Update Cowlib to 2.5.1 + +=== Bugs fixed + +* A bug in the experimental `gun_sse_h` where lone id lines + were not propagated has been fixed by updating the Cowlib + dependency. + +* The status code was incorrectly given to the experimental + content handlers as a binary. It has been fixed an an + integer is now given as was intended. + +* A number of Dialyzer warnings have been fixed. diff --git a/docs/en/gun/1.3/guide/migrating_from_1.0/index.html b/docs/en/gun/1.3/guide/migrating_from_1.0/index.html new file mode 100644 index 00000000..1644ca7b --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/en/gun/1.3/guide/migrating_from_1.0/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,170 @@ +<!DOCTYPE html> +<html lang="en"> + +<head> + <meta charset="utf-8"> + <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"> + <meta name="description" content=""> + <meta name="author" content="Loïc Hoguin based on a design from (Soft10) Pol Cámara"> + + <title>Nine Nines: Migrating from Gun 1.0 to 1.1</title> + + <link href='https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Open+Sans:400,700,400italic' rel='stylesheet' type='text/css'> + <link href="/css/99s.css?r=2" rel="stylesheet"> + + <link rel="shortcut icon" href="/img/ico/favicon.ico"> + <link rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" sizes="114x114" href="/img/ico/apple-touch-icon-114.png"> + <link rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" sizes="72x72" href="/img/ico/apple-touch-icon-72.png"> + <link rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" href="/img/ico/apple-touch-icon-57.png"> + + +</head> + + +<body class=""> + <header id="page-head"> + <div id="topbar" class="container"> + <div class="row"> + <div class="span2"> + <h1 id="logo"><a href="/" title="99s">99s</a></h1> + </div> + <div class="span10"> + + <div id="side-header"> + <nav> + <ul> + <li><a title="Hear my thoughts" href="/articles">Articles</a></li> + <li><a title="Watch my talks" href="/talks">Talks</a></li> + <li class="active"><a title="Read the docs" href="/docs">Documentation</a></li> + <li><a title="Request my services" href="/services">Consulting & Training</a></li> + </ul> + </nav> + <ul id="social"> + <li> + <a href="https://github.com/ninenines" title="Check my Github repositories"><img src="/img/ico_github.png" data-hover="/img/ico_github_alt.png" alt="Github"></a> + </li> + <li> + <a title="Contact me" href="mailto:[email protected]"><img src="/img/ico_mail.png" data-hover="/img/ico_mail_alt.png"></a> + </li> + </ul> + </div> + </div> + </div> + </div> + + +</header> + +<div id="contents" class="two_col"> +<div class="container"> +<div class="row"> +<div id="docs" class="span9 maincol"> + +<h1 class="lined-header"><span>Migrating from Gun 1.0 to 1.1</span></h1> + +<p>Gun 1.1 updates the Cowlib dependency to 2.5.1 and fixes a few problems with experimental features.</p> +<h2 id="_features_added">Features added</h2> +<ul><li>Update Cowlib to 2.5.1 +</li> +</ul> +<h2 id="_bugs_fixed">Bugs fixed</h2> +<ul><li>A bug in the experimental <code>gun_sse_h</code> where lone id lines were not propagated has been fixed by updating the Cowlib dependency. +</li> +<li>The status code was incorrectly given to the experimental content handlers as a binary. It has been fixed an an integer is now given as was intended. +</li> +<li>A number of Dialyzer warnings have been fixed. +</li> +</ul> + + + + + + + + + + + + <nav style="margin:1em 0"> + + <a style="float:left" href="https://ninenines.eu/docs/en/gun/1.3/guide/migrating_from_1.1/"> + Migrating from Gun 1.1 to 1.2 + </a> + + + + </nav> + + + + +</div> + +<div class="span3 sidecol"> + + +<h3> + Gun + 1.3 + + User Guide +</h3> + +<ul> + + <li><a href="/docs/en/gun/1.3/guide">User Guide</a></li> + + + <li><a href="/docs/en/gun/1.3/manual">Function Reference</a></li> + + +</ul> + +<h4 id="docs-nav">Navigation</h4> + +<h4>Version select</h4> +<ul> + + + + <li><a href="/docs/en/gun/1.3/guide">1.3</a></li> + + <li><a href="/docs/en/gun/1.2/guide">1.2</a></li> + + <li><a href="/docs/en/gun/1.1/guide">1.1</a></li> + + <li><a href="/docs/en/gun/1.0/guide">1.0</a></li> + +</ul> + +</div> +</div> +</div> +</div> + + <footer> + <div class="container"> + <div class="row"> + <div class="span6"> + <p id="scroll-top"><a href="#">↑ Scroll to top</a></p> + <nav> + <ul> + <li><a href="mailto:[email protected]" title="Contact us">Contact us</a></li><li><a href="https://github.com/ninenines/ninenines.github.io" title="Github repository">Contribute to this site</a></li> + </ul> + </nav> + </div> + <div class="span6 credits"> + <p><img src="/img/footer_logo.png"></p> + <p>Copyright © Loïc Hoguin 2012-2018</p> + </div> + </div> + </div> + </footer> + + + <script src="/js/custom.js"></script> + </body> +</html> + + diff --git a/docs/en/gun/1.3/guide/migrating_from_1.1.asciidoc b/docs/en/gun/1.3/guide/migrating_from_1.1.asciidoc new file mode 100644 index 00000000..bc2097f9 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/en/gun/1.3/guide/migrating_from_1.1.asciidoc @@ -0,0 +1,28 @@ +[appendix] +== Migrating from Gun 1.1 to 1.2 + +Gun 1.2 adds support for the CONNECT request over HTTP/1.1 +connections. + +== Features added + +* CONNECT requests can now be issued on HTTP/1.1 connections. + The tunneled connection can use any of the protocols Gun + supports: HTTP/1.1, HTTP/2 and Websocket over both TCP and + TLS transports. Note that Gun currently does not support + tunneling a TLS connection over a TLS connection due to + limitations in Erlang/OTP. + +* Gun supports sending multiple CONNECT requests, allowing + the tunnel to the origin server to go through multiple + proxies. + +* Gun supports sending CONNECT requests with authorization + credentials using the Basic authentication mechanism. + +* Update Cowlib to 2.6.0 + +== Functions added + +* The functions `gun:connect/2,3,4` have been added. They can + be used to initiate CONNECT requests on HTTP/1.1 connections. diff --git a/docs/en/gun/1.3/guide/migrating_from_1.1/index.html b/docs/en/gun/1.3/guide/migrating_from_1.1/index.html new file mode 100644 index 00000000..85953460 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/en/gun/1.3/guide/migrating_from_1.1/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,176 @@ +<!DOCTYPE html> +<html lang="en"> + +<head> + <meta charset="utf-8"> + <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"> + <meta name="description" content=""> + <meta name="author" content="Loïc Hoguin based on a design from (Soft10) Pol Cámara"> + + <title>Nine Nines: Migrating from Gun 1.1 to 1.2</title> + + <link href='https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Open+Sans:400,700,400italic' rel='stylesheet' type='text/css'> + <link href="/css/99s.css?r=2" rel="stylesheet"> + + <link rel="shortcut icon" href="/img/ico/favicon.ico"> + <link rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" sizes="114x114" href="/img/ico/apple-touch-icon-114.png"> + <link rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" sizes="72x72" href="/img/ico/apple-touch-icon-72.png"> + <link rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" href="/img/ico/apple-touch-icon-57.png"> + + +</head> + + +<body class=""> + <header id="page-head"> + <div id="topbar" class="container"> + <div class="row"> + <div class="span2"> + <h1 id="logo"><a href="/" title="99s">99s</a></h1> + </div> + <div class="span10"> + + <div id="side-header"> + <nav> + <ul> + <li><a title="Hear my thoughts" href="/articles">Articles</a></li> + <li><a title="Watch my talks" href="/talks">Talks</a></li> + <li class="active"><a title="Read the docs" href="/docs">Documentation</a></li> + <li><a title="Request my services" href="/services">Consulting & Training</a></li> + </ul> + </nav> + <ul id="social"> + <li> + <a href="https://github.com/ninenines" title="Check my Github repositories"><img src="/img/ico_github.png" data-hover="/img/ico_github_alt.png" alt="Github"></a> + </li> + <li> + <a title="Contact me" href="mailto:[email protected]"><img src="/img/ico_mail.png" data-hover="/img/ico_mail_alt.png"></a> + </li> + </ul> + </div> + </div> + </div> + </div> + + +</header> + +<div id="contents" class="two_col"> +<div class="container"> +<div class="row"> +<div id="docs" class="span9 maincol"> + +<h1 class="lined-header"><span>Migrating from Gun 1.1 to 1.2</span></h1> + +<p>Gun 1.2 adds support for the CONNECT request over HTTP/1.1 connections.</p> +<h2 id="_features_added">Features added</h2> +<ul><li>CONNECT requests can now be issued on HTTP/1.1 connections. The tunneled connection can use any of the protocols Gun supports: HTTP/1.1, HTTP/2 and Websocket over both TCP and TLS transports. Note that Gun currently does not support tunneling a TLS connection over a TLS connection due to limitations in Erlang/OTP. +</li> +<li>Gun supports sending multiple CONNECT requests, allowing the tunnel to the origin server to go through multiple proxies. +</li> +<li>Gun supports sending CONNECT requests with authorization credentials using the Basic authentication mechanism. +</li> +<li>Update Cowlib to 2.6.0 +</li> +</ul> +<h2 id="_functions_added">Functions added</h2> +<ul><li>The functions <code>gun:connect/2,3,4</code> have been added. They can be used to initiate CONNECT requests on HTTP/1.1 connections. +</li> +</ul> + + + + + + + + + + + + <nav style="margin:1em 0"> + + <a style="float:left" href="https://ninenines.eu/docs/en/gun/1.3/guide/migrating_from_1.2/"> + Migrating from Gun 1.2 to 1.3 + </a> + + + + <a style="float:right" href="https://ninenines.eu/docs/en/gun/1.3/guide/migrating_from_1.0/"> + Migrating from Gun 1.0 to 1.1 + </a> + + </nav> + + + + +</div> + +<div class="span3 sidecol"> + + +<h3> + Gun + 1.3 + + User Guide +</h3> + +<ul> + + <li><a href="/docs/en/gun/1.3/guide">User Guide</a></li> + + + <li><a href="/docs/en/gun/1.3/manual">Function Reference</a></li> + + +</ul> + +<h4 id="docs-nav">Navigation</h4> + +<h4>Version select</h4> +<ul> + + + + <li><a href="/docs/en/gun/1.3/guide">1.3</a></li> + + <li><a href="/docs/en/gun/1.2/guide">1.2</a></li> + + <li><a href="/docs/en/gun/1.1/guide">1.1</a></li> + + <li><a href="/docs/en/gun/1.0/guide">1.0</a></li> + +</ul> + +</div> +</div> +</div> +</div> + + <footer> + <div class="container"> + <div class="row"> + <div class="span6"> + <p id="scroll-top"><a href="#">↑ Scroll to top</a></p> + <nav> + <ul> + <li><a href="mailto:[email protected]" title="Contact us">Contact us</a></li><li><a href="https://github.com/ninenines/ninenines.github.io" title="Github repository">Contribute to this site</a></li> + </ul> + </nav> + </div> + <div class="span6 credits"> + <p><img src="/img/footer_logo.png"></p> + <p>Copyright © Loïc Hoguin 2012-2018</p> + </div> + </div> + </div> + </footer> + + + <script src="/js/custom.js"></script> + </body> +</html> + + diff --git a/docs/en/gun/1.3/guide/migrating_from_1.2.asciidoc b/docs/en/gun/1.3/guide/migrating_from_1.2.asciidoc new file mode 100644 index 00000000..a870858e --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/en/gun/1.3/guide/migrating_from_1.2.asciidoc @@ -0,0 +1,39 @@ +[appendix] +== Migrating from Gun 1.2 to 1.3 + +Gun 1.3 improves the support for CONNECT requests +introduced in the previous version and documents +Websocket protocol negotiation. + +== Features added + +* The `protocols` CONNECT destination option has been added + as a replacement for the now deprecated `protocol` option. + +* Add built-in support for Websocket protocol negotiation + through the Websocket option `protocols`. The interface + of the handler module currently remains undocumented and + must be set to `gun_ws_h`. + +* Add the h2specd HTTP/2 test suite from the h2spec project. + +=== Bugs fixed + +* Fix connecting to HTTP/2 over TLS origin servers via + HTTP/1.1 CONNECT proxies. + +* Do not send the HTTP/1.1 keepalive while waiting for + a response to a CONNECT request. + +* Do not crash on HTTP/2 HEADERS frames with the + PRIORITY flag set. + +* Do not crash on HTTP/2 HEADERS frames when the + END_HEADERS flag is not set. + +* Do not crash on unknown HTTP/2 frame types. + +* Reject HTTP/2 WINDOW_UPDATE frames when they would + cause the window to overflow. + +* Send a GOAWAY frame on closing the HTTP/2 connection. diff --git a/docs/en/gun/1.3/guide/migrating_from_1.2/index.html b/docs/en/gun/1.3/guide/migrating_from_1.2/index.html new file mode 100644 index 00000000..94f5ed47 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/en/gun/1.3/guide/migrating_from_1.2/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,186 @@ +<!DOCTYPE html> +<html lang="en"> + +<head> + <meta charset="utf-8"> + <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"> + <meta name="description" content=""> + <meta name="author" content="Loïc Hoguin based on a design from (Soft10) Pol Cámara"> + + <title>Nine Nines: Migrating from Gun 1.2 to 1.3</title> + + <link href='https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Open+Sans:400,700,400italic' rel='stylesheet' type='text/css'> + <link href="/css/99s.css?r=2" rel="stylesheet"> + + <link rel="shortcut icon" href="/img/ico/favicon.ico"> + <link rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" sizes="114x114" href="/img/ico/apple-touch-icon-114.png"> + <link rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" sizes="72x72" href="/img/ico/apple-touch-icon-72.png"> + <link rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" href="/img/ico/apple-touch-icon-57.png"> + + +</head> + + +<body class=""> + <header id="page-head"> + <div id="topbar" class="container"> + <div class="row"> + <div class="span2"> + <h1 id="logo"><a href="/" title="99s">99s</a></h1> + </div> + <div class="span10"> + + <div id="side-header"> + <nav> + <ul> + <li><a title="Hear my thoughts" href="/articles">Articles</a></li> + <li><a title="Watch my talks" href="/talks">Talks</a></li> + <li class="active"><a title="Read the docs" href="/docs">Documentation</a></li> + <li><a title="Request my services" href="/services">Consulting & Training</a></li> + </ul> + </nav> + <ul id="social"> + <li> + <a href="https://github.com/ninenines" title="Check my Github repositories"><img src="/img/ico_github.png" data-hover="/img/ico_github_alt.png" alt="Github"></a> + </li> + <li> + <a title="Contact me" href="mailto:[email protected]"><img src="/img/ico_mail.png" data-hover="/img/ico_mail_alt.png"></a> + </li> + </ul> + </div> + </div> + </div> + </div> + + +</header> + +<div id="contents" class="two_col"> +<div class="container"> +<div class="row"> +<div id="docs" class="span9 maincol"> + +<h1 class="lined-header"><span>Migrating from Gun 1.2 to 1.3</span></h1> + +<p>Gun 1.3 improves the support for CONNECT requests introduced in the previous version and documents Websocket protocol negotiation.</p> +<h2 id="_features_added">Features added</h2> +<ul><li>The <code>protocols</code> CONNECT destination option has been added as a replacement for the now deprecated <code>protocol</code> option. +</li> +<li>Add built-in support for Websocket protocol negotiation through the Websocket option <code>protocols</code>. The interface of the handler module currently remains undocumented and must be set to <code>gun_ws_h</code>. +</li> +<li>Add the h2specd HTTP/2 test suite from the h2spec project. +</li> +</ul> +<h2 id="_bugs_fixed">Bugs fixed</h2> +<ul><li>Fix connecting to HTTP/2 over TLS origin servers via HTTP/1.1 CONNECT proxies. +</li> +<li>Do not send the HTTP/1.1 keepalive while waiting for a response to a CONNECT request. +</li> +<li>Do not crash on HTTP/2 HEADERS frames with the PRIORITY flag set. +</li> +<li>Do not crash on HTTP/2 HEADERS frames when the END_HEADERS flag is not set. +</li> +<li>Do not crash on unknown HTTP/2 frame types. +</li> +<li>Reject HTTP/2 WINDOW_UPDATE frames when they would cause the window to overflow. +</li> +<li>Send a GOAWAY frame on closing the HTTP/2 connection. +</li> +</ul> + + + + + + + + + + + + <nav style="margin:1em 0"> + + <a style="float:left" href="https://ninenines.eu/docs/en/gun/1.3/guide/websocket/"> + Websocket + </a> + + + + <a style="float:right" href="https://ninenines.eu/docs/en/gun/1.3/guide/migrating_from_1.1/"> + Migrating from Gun 1.1 to 1.2 + </a> + + </nav> + + + + +</div> + +<div class="span3 sidecol"> + + +<h3> + Gun + 1.3 + + User Guide +</h3> + +<ul> + + <li><a href="/docs/en/gun/1.3/guide">User Guide</a></li> + + + <li><a href="/docs/en/gun/1.3/manual">Function Reference</a></li> + + +</ul> + +<h4 id="docs-nav">Navigation</h4> + +<h4>Version select</h4> +<ul> + + + + <li><a href="/docs/en/gun/1.3/guide">1.3</a></li> + + <li><a href="/docs/en/gun/1.2/guide">1.2</a></li> + + <li><a href="/docs/en/gun/1.1/guide">1.1</a></li> + + <li><a href="/docs/en/gun/1.0/guide">1.0</a></li> + +</ul> + +</div> +</div> +</div> +</div> + + <footer> + <div class="container"> + <div class="row"> + <div class="span6"> + <p id="scroll-top"><a href="#">↑ Scroll to top</a></p> + <nav> + <ul> + <li><a href="mailto:[email protected]" title="Contact us">Contact us</a></li><li><a href="https://github.com/ninenines/ninenines.github.io" title="Github repository">Contribute to this site</a></li> + </ul> + </nav> + </div> + <div class="span6 credits"> + <p><img src="/img/footer_logo.png"></p> + <p>Copyright © Loïc Hoguin 2012-2018</p> + </div> + </div> + </div> + </footer> + + + <script src="/js/custom.js"></script> + </body> +</html> + + diff --git a/docs/en/gun/1.3/guide/protocols.asciidoc b/docs/en/gun/1.3/guide/protocols.asciidoc new file mode 100644 index 00000000..2c4fd10e --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/en/gun/1.3/guide/protocols.asciidoc @@ -0,0 +1,127 @@ +[[protocols]] +== Supported protocols + +This chapter describes the protocols supported and the +operations available to them. + +=== HTTP/1.1 + +HTTP/1.1 is a text request-response protocol. The client +sends a request, the server sends back a response. + +Gun provides convenience functions for performing GET, HEAD, +OPTIONS, POST, PATCH, PUT, and DELETE requests. All these +functions are aliases of `gun:request/4,5,6` for the respective +methods. Gun also provides a `gun:data/4` function for streaming +the request body. + +Gun will send a `gun_inform` message for every intermediate +informational responses received. They will always be sent +before the `gun_response` message. + +Gun will send a `gun_response` message for every response +received, followed by zero or more `gun_data` messages for +the response body, which is optionally terminated by a +`gun_trailers` message. If something goes wrong, a `gun_error` +will be sent instead. + +Gun provides convenience functions for dealing with messages. +The `gun:await/2,3,4` function waits for a response to the given +request, and the `gun:await_body/2,3,4` function for the +response body. The `gun:flush/1` function can be used to clear all +messages related to a request or a connection from the mailbox +of the calling process. + +The function `gun:cancel/2` can be used to silence the +response to a request previously sent if it is no longer +needed. When using HTTP/1.1 there is no multiplexing so +Gun will have to receive the response fully before any +other responses can be received. + +Finally, Gun can upgrade an HTTP/1.1 connection to Websocket. +It provides the `gun:ws_upgrade/2,3,4` function for that +purpose. A `gun_upgrade` message will be sent on success; +a `gun_response` message otherwise. + +=== HTTP/2 + +HTTP/2 is a binary protocol based on HTTP, compatible with +the HTTP semantics, that reduces the complexity of parsing +requests and responses, compresses the HTTP headers and +allows the server to push additional resources along with +the normal response to the original request. + +The HTTP/2 interface is very similar to HTTP/1.1, so this +section instead focuses on the differences in the interface +for the two protocols. + +Gun will send `gun_push` messages for every push received. +They will always be sent before the `gun_response` message. +They can be ignored safely if they are not needed, or they +can be canceled. + +The `gun:cancel/2` function will use the HTTP/2 stream +cancellation mechanism which allows Gun to inform the +server to stop sending a response for this particular +request, saving resources. + +It is not currently possible to upgrade an HTTP/2 connection +to Websocket. Support for this will be added in a future +release. + +=== Websocket + +Websocket is a binary protocol built on top of HTTP that +allows asynchronous concurrent communication between the +client and the server. A Websocket server can push data to +the client at any time. + +Websocket is only available as a connection upgrade over +an HTTP/1.1 connection. + +Once the Websocket connection is established, the only +operation available on this connection is sending Websocket +frames using `gun:ws_send/2`. + +Gun will send a `gun_ws` message for every frame received. + +=== Summary + +The two following tables summarize the supported operations +and the messages Gun sends depending on the connection's +current protocol. + +.Supported operations per protocol +[cols="<,3*^",options="header"] +|=== +| Operation | HTTP/1.1 | HTTP/2 | Websocket +| delete | yes | yes | no +| get | yes | yes | no +| head | yes | yes | no +| options | yes | yes | no +| patch | yes | yes | no +| post | yes | yes | no +| put | yes | yes | no +| request | yes | yes | no +| data | yes | yes | no +| await | yes | yes | no +| await_body | yes | yes | no +| flush | yes | yes | no +| cancel | yes | yes | no +| ws_upgrade | yes | no | no +| ws_send | no | no | yes +|=== + +.Messages sent per protocol +[cols="<,3*^",options="header"] +|=== +| Message | HTTP/1.1 | HTTP/2 | Websocket +| gun_push | no | yes | no +| gun_inform | yes | yes | no +| gun_response | yes | yes | no +| gun_data | yes | yes | no +| gun_trailers | yes | yes | no +| gun_error | yes | yes | yes +| gun_upgrade | yes | no | no +| gun_ws | no | no | yes +|=== diff --git a/docs/en/gun/1.3/guide/protocols/index.html b/docs/en/gun/1.3/guide/protocols/index.html new file mode 100644 index 00000000..97571a3d --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/en/gun/1.3/guide/protocols/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,312 @@ +<!DOCTYPE html> +<html lang="en"> + +<head> + <meta charset="utf-8"> + <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"> + <meta name="description" content=""> + <meta name="author" content="Loïc Hoguin based on a design from (Soft10) Pol Cámara"> + + <title>Nine Nines: Supported protocols</title> + + <link href='https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Open+Sans:400,700,400italic' rel='stylesheet' type='text/css'> + <link href="/css/99s.css?r=2" rel="stylesheet"> + + <link rel="shortcut icon" href="/img/ico/favicon.ico"> + <link rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" sizes="114x114" href="/img/ico/apple-touch-icon-114.png"> + <link rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" sizes="72x72" href="/img/ico/apple-touch-icon-72.png"> + <link rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" href="/img/ico/apple-touch-icon-57.png"> + + +</head> + + +<body class=""> + <header id="page-head"> + <div id="topbar" class="container"> + <div class="row"> + <div class="span2"> + <h1 id="logo"><a href="/" title="99s">99s</a></h1> + </div> + <div class="span10"> + + <div id="side-header"> + <nav> + <ul> + <li><a title="Hear my thoughts" href="/articles">Articles</a></li> + <li><a title="Watch my talks" href="/talks">Talks</a></li> + <li class="active"><a title="Read the docs" href="/docs">Documentation</a></li> + <li><a title="Request my services" href="/services">Consulting & Training</a></li> + </ul> + </nav> + <ul id="social"> + <li> + <a href="https://github.com/ninenines" title="Check my Github repositories"><img src="/img/ico_github.png" data-hover="/img/ico_github_alt.png" alt="Github"></a> + </li> + <li> + <a title="Contact me" href="mailto:[email protected]"><img src="/img/ico_mail.png" data-hover="/img/ico_mail_alt.png"></a> + </li> + </ul> + </div> + </div> + </div> + </div> + + +</header> + +<div id="contents" class="two_col"> +<div class="container"> +<div class="row"> +<div id="docs" class="span9 maincol"> + +<h1 class="lined-header"><span>Supported protocols</span></h1> + +<p>This chapter describes the protocols supported and the operations available to them.</p> +<h2 id="_http_1_1">HTTP/1.1</h2> +<p>HTTP/1.1 is a text request-response protocol. The client sends a request, the server sends back a response.</p> +<p>Gun provides convenience functions for performing GET, HEAD, OPTIONS, POST, PATCH, PUT, and DELETE requests. All these functions are aliases of <code>gun:request/4,5,6</code> for the respective methods. Gun also provides a <code>gun:data/4</code> function for streaming the request body.</p> +<p>Gun will send a <code>gun_inform</code> message for every intermediate informational responses received. They will always be sent before the <code>gun_response</code> message.</p> +<p>Gun will send a <code>gun_response</code> message for every response received, followed by zero or more <code>gun_data</code> messages for the response body, which is optionally terminated by a <code>gun_trailers</code> message. If something goes wrong, a <code>gun_error</code> will be sent instead.</p> +<p>Gun provides convenience functions for dealing with messages. The <code>gun:await/2,3,4</code> function waits for a response to the given request, and the <code>gun:await_body/2,3,4</code> function for the response body. The <code>gun:flush/1</code> function can be used to clear all messages related to a request or a connection from the mailbox of the calling process.</p> +<p>The function <code>gun:cancel/2</code> can be used to silence the response to a request previously sent if it is no longer needed. When using HTTP/1.1 there is no multiplexing so Gun will have to receive the response fully before any other responses can be received.</p> +<p>Finally, Gun can upgrade an HTTP/1.1 connection to Websocket. It provides the <code>gun:ws_upgrade/2,3,4</code> function for that purpose. A <code>gun_upgrade</code> message will be sent on success; a <code>gun_response</code> message otherwise.</p> +<h2 id="_http_2">HTTP/2</h2> +<p>HTTP/2 is a binary protocol based on HTTP, compatible with the HTTP semantics, that reduces the complexity of parsing requests and responses, compresses the HTTP headers and allows the server to push additional resources along with the normal response to the original request.</p> +<p>The HTTP/2 interface is very similar to HTTP/1.1, so this section instead focuses on the differences in the interface for the two protocols.</p> +<p>Gun will send <code>gun_push</code> messages for every push received. They will always be sent before the <code>gun_response</code> message. They can be ignored safely if they are not needed, or they can be canceled.</p> +<p>The <code>gun:cancel/2</code> function will use the HTTP/2 stream cancellation mechanism which allows Gun to inform the server to stop sending a response for this particular request, saving resources.</p> +<p>It is not currently possible to upgrade an HTTP/2 connection to Websocket. Support for this will be added in a future release.</p> +<h2 id="_websocket">Websocket</h2> +<p>Websocket is a binary protocol built on top of HTTP that allows asynchronous concurrent communication between the client and the server. A Websocket server can push data to the client at any time.</p> +<p>Websocket is only available as a connection upgrade over an HTTP/1.1 connection.</p> +<p>Once the Websocket connection is established, the only operation available on this connection is sending Websocket frames using <code>gun:ws_send/2</code>.</p> +<p>Gun will send a <code>gun_ws</code> message for every frame received.</p> +<h2 id="_summary">Summary</h2> +<p>The two following tables summarize the supported operations and the messages Gun sends depending on the connection's current protocol.</p> +<table rules="all" width="100%" frame="border" + cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4"> +<caption>Supported operations per protocol</caption><thead><tr><th>Operation</th> +<th>HTTP/1.1</th> +<th>HTTP/2</th> +<th>Websocket</th> +</tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>delete</td> +<td>yes</td> +<td>yes</td> +<td>no</td> +</tr> +<tr><td>get</td> +<td>yes</td> +<td>yes</td> +<td>no</td> +</tr> +<tr><td>head</td> +<td>yes</td> +<td>yes</td> +<td>no</td> +</tr> +<tr><td>options</td> +<td>yes</td> +<td>yes</td> +<td>no</td> +</tr> +<tr><td>patch</td> +<td>yes</td> +<td>yes</td> +<td>no</td> +</tr> +<tr><td>post</td> +<td>yes</td> +<td>yes</td> +<td>no</td> +</tr> +<tr><td>put</td> +<td>yes</td> +<td>yes</td> +<td>no</td> +</tr> +<tr><td>request</td> +<td>yes</td> +<td>yes</td> +<td>no</td> +</tr> +<tr><td>data</td> +<td>yes</td> +<td>yes</td> +<td>no</td> +</tr> +<tr><td>await</td> +<td>yes</td> +<td>yes</td> +<td>no</td> +</tr> +<tr><td>await_body</td> +<td>yes</td> +<td>yes</td> +<td>no</td> +</tr> +<tr><td>flush</td> +<td>yes</td> +<td>yes</td> +<td>no</td> +</tr> +<tr><td>cancel</td> +<td>yes</td> +<td>yes</td> +<td>no</td> +</tr> +<tr><td>ws_upgrade</td> +<td>yes</td> +<td>no</td> +<td>no</td> +</tr> +<tr><td>ws_send</td> +<td>no</td> +<td>no</td> +<td>yes</td> +</tr> +</tbody></table> +<table rules="all" width="100%" frame="border" + cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4"> +<caption>Messages sent per protocol</caption><thead><tr><th>Message</th> +<th>HTTP/1.1</th> +<th>HTTP/2</th> +<th>Websocket</th> +</tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>gun_push</td> +<td>no</td> +<td>yes</td> +<td>no</td> +</tr> +<tr><td>gun_inform</td> +<td>yes</td> +<td>yes</td> +<td>no</td> +</tr> +<tr><td>gun_response</td> +<td>yes</td> +<td>yes</td> +<td>no</td> +</tr> +<tr><td>gun_data</td> +<td>yes</td> +<td>yes</td> +<td>no</td> +</tr> +<tr><td>gun_trailers</td> +<td>yes</td> +<td>yes</td> +<td>no</td> +</tr> +<tr><td>gun_error</td> +<td>yes</td> +<td>yes</td> +<td>yes</td> +</tr> +<tr><td>gun_upgrade</td> +<td>yes</td> +<td>no</td> +<td>no</td> +</tr> +<tr><td>gun_ws</td> +<td>no</td> +<td>no</td> +<td>yes</td> +</tr> +</tbody></table> + + + + + + + + + + + + <nav style="margin:1em 0"> + + <a style="float:left" href="https://ninenines.eu/docs/en/gun/1.3/guide/start/"> + Starting and stopping + </a> + + + + <a style="float:right" href="https://ninenines.eu/docs/en/gun/1.3/guide/connect/"> + Connection + </a> + + </nav> + + + + +</div> + +<div class="span3 sidecol"> + + +<h3> + Gun + 1.3 + + User Guide +</h3> + +<ul> + + <li><a href="/docs/en/gun/1.3/guide">User Guide</a></li> + + + <li><a href="/docs/en/gun/1.3/manual">Function Reference</a></li> + + +</ul> + +<h4 id="docs-nav">Navigation</h4> + +<h4>Version select</h4> +<ul> + + + + <li><a href="/docs/en/gun/1.3/guide">1.3</a></li> + + <li><a href="/docs/en/gun/1.2/guide">1.2</a></li> + + <li><a href="/docs/en/gun/1.1/guide">1.1</a></li> + + <li><a href="/docs/en/gun/1.0/guide">1.0</a></li> + +</ul> + +</div> +</div> +</div> +</div> + + <footer> + <div class="container"> + <div class="row"> + <div class="span6"> + <p id="scroll-top"><a href="#">↑ Scroll to top</a></p> + <nav> + <ul> + <li><a href="mailto:[email protected]" title="Contact us">Contact us</a></li><li><a href="https://github.com/ninenines/ninenines.github.io" title="Github repository">Contribute to this site</a></li> + </ul> + </nav> + </div> + <div class="span6 credits"> + <p><img src="/img/footer_logo.png"></p> + <p>Copyright © Loïc Hoguin 2012-2018</p> + </div> + </div> + </div> + </footer> + + + <script src="/js/custom.js"></script> + </body> +</html> + + diff --git a/docs/en/gun/1.3/guide/start.asciidoc b/docs/en/gun/1.3/guide/start.asciidoc new file mode 100644 index 00000000..09720dca --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/en/gun/1.3/guide/start.asciidoc @@ -0,0 +1,43 @@ +[[start]] +== Starting and stopping + +This chapter describes how to start and stop the Gun application. + +=== Setting up + +Specify Gun as a dependency to your application in your favorite +build tool. + +With Erlang.mk this is done by adding `gun` to the `DEPS` variable +in your Makefile. + +.Adding Gun as an Erlang.mk dependency +[source,make] +---- +DEPS = gun +---- + +=== Starting + +Gun is an _OTP application_. It needs to be started before you can +use it. + +.Starting Gun in an Erlang shell +[source,erlang] +---- +1> application:ensure_all_started(gun). +{ok,[crypto,cowlib,asn1,public_key,ssl,gun]} +---- + +=== Stopping + +You can stop Gun using the `application:stop/1` function, however +only Gun will be stopped. This is the reverse of `application:start/1`. +The `application_ensure_all_started/1` function has no equivalent for +stopping all applications. + +.Stopping Gun +[source,erlang] +---- +application:stop(gun). +---- diff --git a/docs/en/gun/1.3/guide/start/index.html b/docs/en/gun/1.3/guide/start/index.html new file mode 100644 index 00000000..644c634a --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/en/gun/1.3/guide/start/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,191 @@ +<!DOCTYPE html> +<html lang="en"> + +<head> + <meta charset="utf-8"> + <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"> + <meta name="description" content=""> + <meta name="author" content="Loïc Hoguin based on a design from (Soft10) Pol Cámara"> + + <title>Nine Nines: Starting and stopping</title> + + <link href='https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Open+Sans:400,700,400italic' rel='stylesheet' type='text/css'> + <link href="/css/99s.css?r=2" rel="stylesheet"> + + <link rel="shortcut icon" href="/img/ico/favicon.ico"> + <link rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" sizes="114x114" href="/img/ico/apple-touch-icon-114.png"> + <link rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" sizes="72x72" href="/img/ico/apple-touch-icon-72.png"> + <link rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" href="/img/ico/apple-touch-icon-57.png"> + + +</head> + + +<body class=""> + <header id="page-head"> + <div id="topbar" class="container"> + <div class="row"> + <div class="span2"> + <h1 id="logo"><a href="/" title="99s">99s</a></h1> + </div> + <div class="span10"> + + <div id="side-header"> + <nav> + <ul> + <li><a title="Hear my thoughts" href="/articles">Articles</a></li> + <li><a title="Watch my talks" href="/talks">Talks</a></li> + <li class="active"><a title="Read the docs" href="/docs">Documentation</a></li> + <li><a title="Request my services" href="/services">Consulting & Training</a></li> + </ul> + </nav> + <ul id="social"> + <li> + <a href="https://github.com/ninenines" title="Check my Github repositories"><img src="/img/ico_github.png" data-hover="/img/ico_github_alt.png" alt="Github"></a> + </li> + <li> + <a title="Contact me" href="mailto:[email protected]"><img src="/img/ico_mail.png" data-hover="/img/ico_mail_alt.png"></a> + </li> + </ul> + </div> + </div> + </div> + </div> + + +</header> + +<div id="contents" class="two_col"> +<div class="container"> +<div class="row"> +<div id="docs" class="span9 maincol"> + +<h1 class="lined-header"><span>Starting and stopping</span></h1> + +<p>This chapter describes how to start and stop the Gun application.</p> +<h2 id="_setting_up">Setting up</h2> +<p>Specify Gun as a dependency to your application in your favorite build tool.</p> +<p>With Erlang.mk this is done by adding <code>gun</code> to the <code>DEPS</code> variable in your Makefile.</p> +<div class="listingblock"><div class="title">Adding Gun as an Erlang.mk dependency</div> +<div class="content"><!-- Generator: GNU source-highlight 3.1.8 +by Lorenzo Bettini +http://www.lorenzobettini.it +http://www.gnu.org/software/src-highlite --> +<pre><tt><font color="#009900">DEPS =</font> gun</tt></pre> +</div></div> +<h2 id="_starting">Starting</h2> +<p>Gun is an <em>OTP application</em>. It needs to be started before you can use it.</p> +<div class="listingblock"><div class="title">Starting Gun in an Erlang shell</div> +<div class="content"><!-- Generator: GNU source-highlight 3.1.8 +by Lorenzo Bettini +http://www.lorenzobettini.it +http://www.gnu.org/software/src-highlite --> +<pre><tt><font color="#993399">1</font><font color="#990000">></font> <b><font color="#000000">application:ensure_all_started</font></b>(<font color="#FF6600">gun</font>)<font color="#990000">.</font> +{<font color="#FF6600">ok</font>,[<font color="#FF6600">crypto</font>,<font color="#FF6600">cowlib</font>,<font color="#FF6600">asn1</font>,<font color="#FF6600">public_key</font>,<font color="#FF6600">ssl</font>,<font color="#FF6600">gun</font>]}</tt></pre> +</div></div> +<h2 id="_stopping">Stopping</h2> +<p>You can stop Gun using the <code>application:stop/1</code> function, however only Gun will be stopped. This is the reverse of <code>application:start/1</code>. The <code>application_ensure_all_started/1</code> function has no equivalent for stopping all applications.</p> +<div class="listingblock"><div class="title">Stopping Gun</div> +<div class="content"><!-- Generator: GNU source-highlight 3.1.8 +by Lorenzo Bettini +http://www.lorenzobettini.it +http://www.gnu.org/software/src-highlite --> +<pre><tt><b><font color="#000000">application:stop</font></b>(<font color="#FF6600">gun</font>)<font color="#990000">.</font></tt></pre> +</div></div> + + + + + + + + + + + + <nav style="margin:1em 0"> + + <a style="float:left" href="https://ninenines.eu/docs/en/gun/1.3/guide/introduction/"> + Introduction + </a> + + + + <a style="float:right" href="https://ninenines.eu/docs/en/gun/1.3/guide/protocols/"> + Supported protocols + </a> + + </nav> + + + + +</div> + +<div class="span3 sidecol"> + + +<h3> + Gun + 1.3 + + User Guide +</h3> + +<ul> + + <li><a href="/docs/en/gun/1.3/guide">User Guide</a></li> + + + <li><a href="/docs/en/gun/1.3/manual">Function Reference</a></li> + + +</ul> + +<h4 id="docs-nav">Navigation</h4> + +<h4>Version select</h4> +<ul> + + + + <li><a href="/docs/en/gun/1.3/guide">1.3</a></li> + + <li><a href="/docs/en/gun/1.2/guide">1.2</a></li> + + <li><a href="/docs/en/gun/1.1/guide">1.1</a></li> + + <li><a href="/docs/en/gun/1.0/guide">1.0</a></li> + +</ul> + +</div> +</div> +</div> +</div> + + <footer> + <div class="container"> + <div class="row"> + <div class="span6"> + <p id="scroll-top"><a href="#">↑ Scroll to top</a></p> + <nav> + <ul> + <li><a href="mailto:[email protected]" title="Contact us">Contact us</a></li><li><a href="https://github.com/ninenines/ninenines.github.io" title="Github repository">Contribute to this site</a></li> + </ul> + </nav> + </div> + <div class="span6 credits"> + <p><img src="/img/footer_logo.png"></p> + <p>Copyright © Loïc Hoguin 2012-2018</p> + </div> + </div> + </div> + </footer> + + + <script src="/js/custom.js"></script> + </body> +</html> + + diff --git a/docs/en/gun/1.3/guide/websocket.asciidoc b/docs/en/gun/1.3/guide/websocket.asciidoc new file mode 100644 index 00000000..85036700 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/en/gun/1.3/guide/websocket.asciidoc @@ -0,0 +1,133 @@ +[[websocket]] +== Websocket + +This chapter describes how to use the Gun client for +communicating with a Websocket server. + +// @todo recovering from connection failure, reconnecting to Websocket etc. + +=== HTTP upgrade + +Websocket is a protocol built on top of HTTP. To use Websocket, +you must first request for the connection to be upgraded. Only +HTTP/1.1 connections can be upgraded to Websocket, so you might +need to restrict the protocol to HTTP/1.1 if you are planning +to use Websocket over TLS. + +You must use the `gun:ws_upgrade/2,3,4` function to upgrade +to Websocket. This function can be called anytime after connection, +so you can send HTTP requests before upgrading to Websocket. + +.Upgrade to Websocket +[source,erlang] +---- +gun:ws_upgrade(ConnPid, "/websocket"). +---- + +Gun will set all the necessary headers for performing the +Websocket upgrade, but you can specify additional headers +if needed. For example you can authenticate. + +.Upgrade to Websocket using HTTP authentication +[source,erlang] +---- +gun:ws_upgrade(ConnPid, "/websocket", [ + {<<"authorization">>, "Basic dXNlcm5hbWU6cGFzc3dvcmQ="} +]). +---- + +You can pass the Websocket options as part of the `gun:open/2,3` +call when opening the connection, or using the `gun:ws_upgrade/4`. +The fourth argument is those same options. + +Gun can negotiate the protocol to be used for the Websocket +connection. The `protocols` option can be given with a list +of protocols accepted and the corresponding handler module. +Note that the interface for handler modules is currently +undocumented and must be set to `gun_ws_h`. + +.Upgrade to Websocket with protocol negotiation +[source,erlang] +---- +gun:ws_upgrade(ConnPid, "/websocket", [] + #{protocols => [{<<"xmpp">>, gun_ws_h}]}). +---- + +The upgrade will fail if the server cannot satisfy the +protocol negotiation. + +When the upgrade succeeds, a `gun_upgrade` message is sent. +If the server does not understand Websocket or refused the +upgrade, a `gun_response` message is sent. If Gun couldn't +perform the upgrade due to an error (for example attempting +to upgrade to Websocket on an HTTP/1.0 connection) then a +`gun_error` message is sent. + +When the server does not understand Websocket, it may send +a meaningful response which should be processed. In the +following example we however ignore it: + +[source,erlang] +---- +receive + {gun_upgrade, ConnPid, StreamRef, [<<"websocket">>], Headers} -> + upgrade_success(ConnPid, StreamRef); + {gun_response, ConnPid, _, _, Status, Headers} -> + exit({ws_upgrade_failed, Status, Headers}); + {gun_error, ConnPid, StreamRef, Reason} -> + exit({ws_upgrade_failed, Reason}) + %% More clauses here as needed. +after 1000 -> + exit(timeout) +end. +---- + +=== Sending data + +Once the Websocket upgrade has completed successfully, you no +longer have access to functions for performing requests. You +can only send and receive Websocket messages. + +Use `gun:ws_send/2` to send messages to the server. + +.Send a text frame +[source,erlang] +---- +gun:ws_send(ConnPid, {text, "Hello!"}). +---- + +// @todo Implement sending of N frames +// +//.Send a text frame, a binary frame and then close the connection +//[source,erlang] +//---- +//gun:ws_send(ConnPid, [ +// {text, "Hello!"}, +// {binary, BinaryValue}, +// close +//]). +//---- + +Note that if you send a close frame, Gun will close the connection +cleanly but will attempt to reconnect afterwards. + +=== Receiving data + +Gun sends an Erlang message to the owner process for every +Websocket message it receives. + +[source,erlang] +---- +receive + {gun_ws, ConnPid, StreamRef, Frame} -> + handle_frame(ConnPid, StreamRef, Frame) +end. +---- + +// @todo auto ping has not been implemented yet +// +//Gun will automatically send ping messages to the server to keep +//the connection alive, however if the connection dies and Gun has +//to reconnect it will not upgrade to Websocket automatically, you +//need to perform the operation when you receive the `gun_error` +//message. diff --git a/docs/en/gun/1.3/guide/websocket/index.html b/docs/en/gun/1.3/guide/websocket/index.html new file mode 100644 index 00000000..c5cb1211 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/en/gun/1.3/guide/websocket/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,252 @@ +<!DOCTYPE html> +<html lang="en"> + +<head> + <meta charset="utf-8"> + <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"> + <meta name="description" content=""> + <meta name="author" content="Loïc Hoguin based on a design from (Soft10) Pol Cámara"> + + <title>Nine Nines: Websocket</title> + + <link href='https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Open+Sans:400,700,400italic' rel='stylesheet' type='text/css'> + <link href="/css/99s.css?r=2" rel="stylesheet"> + + <link rel="shortcut icon" href="/img/ico/favicon.ico"> + <link rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" sizes="114x114" href="/img/ico/apple-touch-icon-114.png"> + <link rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" sizes="72x72" href="/img/ico/apple-touch-icon-72.png"> + <link rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" href="/img/ico/apple-touch-icon-57.png"> + + +</head> + + +<body class=""> + <header id="page-head"> + <div id="topbar" class="container"> + <div class="row"> + <div class="span2"> + <h1 id="logo"><a href="/" title="99s">99s</a></h1> + </div> + <div class="span10"> + + <div id="side-header"> + <nav> + <ul> + <li><a title="Hear my thoughts" href="/articles">Articles</a></li> + <li><a title="Watch my talks" href="/talks">Talks</a></li> + <li class="active"><a title="Read the docs" href="/docs">Documentation</a></li> + <li><a title="Request my services" href="/services">Consulting & Training</a></li> + </ul> + </nav> + <ul id="social"> + <li> + <a href="https://github.com/ninenines" title="Check my Github repositories"><img src="/img/ico_github.png" data-hover="/img/ico_github_alt.png" alt="Github"></a> + </li> + <li> + <a title="Contact me" href="mailto:[email protected]"><img src="/img/ico_mail.png" data-hover="/img/ico_mail_alt.png"></a> + </li> + </ul> + </div> + </div> + </div> + </div> + + +</header> + +<div id="contents" class="two_col"> +<div class="container"> +<div class="row"> +<div id="docs" class="span9 maincol"> + +<h1 class="lined-header"><span>Websocket</span></h1> + +<p>This chapter describes how to use the Gun client for communicating with a Websocket server.</p> +<!-- @todo recovering from connection failure, reconnecting to Websocket etc.--> +<h2 id="_http_upgrade">HTTP upgrade</h2> +<p>Websocket is a protocol built on top of HTTP. To use Websocket, you must first request for the connection to be upgraded. Only HTTP/1.1 connections can be upgraded to Websocket, so you might need to restrict the protocol to HTTP/1.1 if you are planning to use Websocket over TLS.</p> +<p>You must use the <code>gun:ws_upgrade/2,3,4</code> function to upgrade to Websocket. This function can be called anytime after connection, so you can send HTTP requests before upgrading to Websocket.</p> +<div class="listingblock"><div class="title">Upgrade to Websocket</div> +<div class="content"><!-- Generator: GNU source-highlight 3.1.8 +by Lorenzo Bettini +http://www.lorenzobettini.it +http://www.gnu.org/software/src-highlite --> +<pre><tt><b><font color="#000000">gun:ws_upgrade</font></b>(<font color="#009900">ConnPid</font>, <font color="#FF0000">"/websocket"</font>)<font color="#990000">.</font></tt></pre> +</div></div> +<p>Gun will set all the necessary headers for performing the Websocket upgrade, but you can specify additional headers if needed. For example you can authenticate.</p> +<div class="listingblock"><div class="title">Upgrade to Websocket using HTTP authentication</div> +<div class="content"><!-- Generator: GNU source-highlight 3.1.8 +by Lorenzo Bettini +http://www.lorenzobettini.it +http://www.gnu.org/software/src-highlite --> +<pre><tt><b><font color="#000000">gun:ws_upgrade</font></b>(<font color="#009900">ConnPid</font>, <font color="#FF0000">"/websocket"</font>, [ + {<font color="#990000"><<</font><font color="#FF0000">"authorization"</font><font color="#990000">>></font>, <font color="#FF0000">"Basic dXNlcm5hbWU6cGFzc3dvcmQ="</font>} +])<font color="#990000">.</font></tt></pre> +</div></div> +<p>You can pass the Websocket options as part of the <code>gun:open/2,3</code> call when opening the connection, or using the <code>gun:ws_upgrade/4</code>. The fourth argument is those same options.</p> +<p>Gun can negotiate the protocol to be used for the Websocket connection. The <code>protocols</code> option can be given with a list of protocols accepted and the corresponding handler module. Note that the interface for handler modules is currently undocumented and must be set to <code>gun_ws_h</code>.</p> +<div class="listingblock"><div class="title">Upgrade to Websocket with protocol negotiation</div> +<div class="content"><!-- Generator: GNU source-highlight 3.1.8 +by Lorenzo Bettini +http://www.lorenzobettini.it +http://www.gnu.org/software/src-highlite --> +<pre><tt><b><font color="#000000">gun:ws_upgrade</font></b>(<font color="#009900">ConnPid</font>, <font color="#FF0000">"/websocket"</font>, [] + #{<font color="#0000FF">protocols</font> <font color="#990000">=></font> [{<font color="#990000"><<</font><font color="#FF0000">"xmpp"</font><font color="#990000">>></font>, <font color="#FF6600">gun_ws_h</font>}]})<font color="#990000">.</font></tt></pre> +</div></div> +<p>The upgrade will fail if the server cannot satisfy the protocol negotiation.</p> +<p>When the upgrade succeeds, a <code>gun_upgrade</code> message is sent. If the server does not understand Websocket or refused the upgrade, a <code>gun_response</code> message is sent. If Gun couldn't perform the upgrade due to an error (for example attempting to upgrade to Websocket on an HTTP/1.0 connection) then a <code>gun_error</code> message is sent.</p> +<p>When the server does not understand Websocket, it may send a meaningful response which should be processed. In the following example we however ignore it:</p> +<div class="listingblock"><div class="content"><!-- Generator: GNU source-highlight 3.1.8 +by Lorenzo Bettini +http://www.lorenzobettini.it +http://www.gnu.org/software/src-highlite --> +<pre><tt><b><font color="#0000FF">receive</font></b> + {<font color="#FF6600">gun_upgrade</font>, <font color="#009900">ConnPid</font>, <font color="#009900">StreamRef</font>, [<font color="#990000"><<</font><font color="#FF0000">"websocket"</font><font color="#990000">>></font>], <font color="#009900">Headers</font>} <font color="#990000">-></font> + <b><font color="#000000">upgrade_success</font></b>(<font color="#009900">ConnPid</font>, <font color="#009900">StreamRef</font>); + {<font color="#FF6600">gun_response</font>, <font color="#009900">ConnPid</font>, <font color="#990000">_</font>, <font color="#990000">_</font>, <font color="#009900">Status</font>, <font color="#009900">Headers</font>} <font color="#990000">-></font> + <b><font color="#000080">exit</font></b>({<font color="#FF6600">ws_upgrade_failed</font>, <font color="#009900">Status</font>, <font color="#009900">Headers</font>}); + {<font color="#FF6600">gun_error</font>, <font color="#009900">ConnPid</font>, <font color="#009900">StreamRef</font>, <font color="#009900">Reason</font>} <font color="#990000">-></font> + <b><font color="#000080">exit</font></b>({<font color="#FF6600">ws_upgrade_failed</font>, <font color="#009900">Reason</font>}) + <i><font color="#9A1900">%% More clauses here as needed.</font></i> +<b><font color="#0000FF">after</font></b> <font color="#993399">1000</font> <font color="#990000">-></font> + <b><font color="#000080">exit</font></b>(<font color="#FF6600">timeout</font>) +<b><font color="#0000FF">end</font></b><font color="#990000">.</font></tt></pre> +</div></div> +<h2 id="_sending_data">Sending data</h2> +<p>Once the Websocket upgrade has completed successfully, you no longer have access to functions for performing requests. You can only send and receive Websocket messages.</p> +<p>Use <code>gun:ws_send/2</code> to send messages to the server.</p> +<div class="listingblock"><div class="title">Send a text frame</div> +<div class="content"><!-- Generator: GNU source-highlight 3.1.8 +by Lorenzo Bettini +http://www.lorenzobettini.it +http://www.gnu.org/software/src-highlite --> +<pre><tt><b><font color="#000000">gun:ws_send</font></b>(<font color="#009900">ConnPid</font>, {<font color="#FF6600">text</font>, <font color="#FF0000">"Hello!"</font>})<font color="#990000">.</font></tt></pre> +</div></div> +<!-- @todo Implement sending of N frames--> +<!-- --> +<!-- .Send a text frame, a binary frame and then close the connection--> +<!-- [source,erlang]--> +<!-- ------> +<!-- gun:ws_send(ConnPid, [--> +<!-- {text, "Hello!"},--> +<!-- {binary, BinaryValue},--> +<!-- close--> +<!-- ]).--> +<!-- ------> +<p>Note that if you send a close frame, Gun will close the connection cleanly but will attempt to reconnect afterwards.</p> +<h2 id="_receiving_data">Receiving data</h2> +<p>Gun sends an Erlang message to the owner process for every Websocket message it receives.</p> +<div class="listingblock"><div class="content"><!-- Generator: GNU source-highlight 3.1.8 +by Lorenzo Bettini +http://www.lorenzobettini.it +http://www.gnu.org/software/src-highlite --> +<pre><tt><b><font color="#0000FF">receive</font></b> + {<font color="#FF6600">gun_ws</font>, <font color="#009900">ConnPid</font>, <font color="#009900">StreamRef</font>, <font color="#009900">Frame</font>} <font color="#990000">-></font> + <b><font color="#000000">handle_frame</font></b>(<font color="#009900">ConnPid</font>, <font color="#009900">StreamRef</font>, <font color="#009900">Frame</font>) +<b><font color="#0000FF">end</font></b><font color="#990000">.</font></tt></pre> +</div></div> +<!-- @todo auto ping has not been implemented yet--> +<!-- --> +<!-- Gun will automatically send ping messages to the server to keep--> +<!-- the connection alive, however if the connection dies and Gun has--> +<!-- to reconnect it will not upgrade to Websocket automatically, you--> +<!-- need to perform the operation when you receive the `gun_error`--> +<!-- message.--> + + + + + + + + + + + + <nav style="margin:1em 0"> + + <a style="float:left" href="https://ninenines.eu/docs/en/gun/1.3/guide/http/"> + HTTP + </a> + + + + <a style="float:right" href="https://ninenines.eu/docs/en/gun/1.3/guide/migrating_from_1.2/"> + Migrating from Gun 1.2 to 1.3 + </a> + + </nav> + + + + +</div> + +<div class="span3 sidecol"> + + +<h3> + Gun + 1.3 + + User Guide +</h3> + +<ul> + + <li><a href="/docs/en/gun/1.3/guide">User Guide</a></li> + + + <li><a href="/docs/en/gun/1.3/manual">Function Reference</a></li> + + +</ul> + +<h4 id="docs-nav">Navigation</h4> + +<h4>Version select</h4> +<ul> + + + + <li><a href="/docs/en/gun/1.3/guide">1.3</a></li> + + <li><a href="/docs/en/gun/1.2/guide">1.2</a></li> + + <li><a href="/docs/en/gun/1.1/guide">1.1</a></li> + + <li><a href="/docs/en/gun/1.0/guide">1.0</a></li> + +</ul> + +</div> +</div> +</div> +</div> + + <footer> + <div class="container"> + <div class="row"> + <div class="span6"> + <p id="scroll-top"><a href="#">↑ Scroll to top</a></p> + <nav> + <ul> + <li><a href="mailto:[email protected]" title="Contact us">Contact us</a></li><li><a href="https://github.com/ninenines/ninenines.github.io" title="Github repository">Contribute to this site</a></li> + </ul> + </nav> + </div> + <div class="span6 credits"> + <p><img src="/img/footer_logo.png"></p> + <p>Copyright © Loïc Hoguin 2012-2018</p> + </div> + </div> + </div> + </footer> + + + <script src="/js/custom.js"></script> + </body> +</html> + + |