%%
%% %CopyrightBegin%
%%
%% Copyright Ericsson AB 2002-2010. All Rights Reserved.
%%
%% Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
%% you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
%% You may obtain a copy of the License at
%%
%% http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
%%
%% Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
%% distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
%% WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
%% See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
%% limitations under the License.
%%
%% %CopyrightEnd%
%%
%% Purpose : Using dsetelement to make multiple-field record updates
%% faster.
%% The expansion of record field updates, when more than one field is
%% updated, but not a majority of the fields, will create a sequence of
%% calls to 'erlang:setelement(Index, Value, Tuple)' where Tuple in the
%% first call is the original record tuple, and in the subsequent calls
%% Tuple is the result of the previous call. Furthermore, all Index
%% values are constant positive integers, and the first call to
%% 'setelement' will have the greatest index. Thus all the following
%% calls do not actually need to test at run-time whether Tuple has type
%% tuple, nor that the index is within the tuple bounds.
%%
%% Since this introduces destructive updates in the Core Erlang code, it
%% must be done as a last stage before going to lower-level code.
%%
%% NOTE: Because there are currently no write barriers in the system,
%% this kind of optimization can only be done when we are sure that
%% garbage collection will not be triggered between the creation of the
%% tuple and the destructive updates - otherwise we might insert
%% pointers from an older generation to a newer.
%%
%% The rewriting is done as follows:
%%
%% let X1 = call 'erlang':'setelement(5, Tuple, Value1)
%% in call 'erlang':'setelement(3, X1, Value2)
%% =>
%% let X1 = call 'erlang':'setelement(5, Tuple, Value1)
%% in do primop dsetelement(3, X1, Value2)
%% X1
%% and
%% let X1 = call 'erlang':'setelement(5, Tuple, Value1)
%% in let X2 = call 'erlang':'setelement(3, X1, Value2)
%% in ...
%% =>
%% let X2 = call 'erlang':'setelement(5, Tuple, Value1)
%% in do primop 'dsetelement(3, X2, Value2)
%% ...
%% if X1 is used exactly once.
%% Thus, we need to track variable usage.
%%
-module(sys_core_dsetel).
-export([module/2]).
-include("core_parse.hrl").
-spec module(cerl:c_module(), [compile:option()]) -> {'ok', cerl:c_module()}.
module(M0, _Options) ->
M = visit_module(M0),
{ok,M}.
visit_module(#c_module{defs=Ds0}=R) ->
Env = dict:new(),
Ds = visit_module_1(Ds0, Env, []),
R#c_module{defs=Ds}.
visit_module_1([{Name,F0}|Fs], Env, Acc) ->
try visit(Env, F0) of
{F,_} ->
visit_module_1(Fs, Env, [{Name,F}|Acc])
catch
Class:Error ->
Stack = erlang:get_stacktrace(),
#c_var{name={Func,Arity}} = Name,
io:fwrite("Function: ~w/~w\n", [Func,Arity]),
erlang:raise(Class, Error, Stack)
end;
visit_module_1([], _, Acc) ->
lists:reverse(Acc).
visit(Env, #c_var{name={_,_}}=R) ->
%% Ignore local function name.
{R, Env};
visit(Env0, #c_var{name=X}=R) ->
%% There should not be any free variables. If there are,
%% the next line will cause an exception.
{ok, N} = dict:find(X, Env0),
{R, dict:store(X, N+1, Env0)};
visit(Env, #c_literal{}=R) ->
{R, Env};
visit(Env0, #c_tuple{es=Es0}=R) ->
{Es1,Env1} = visit_list(Env0, Es0),
{R#c_tuple{es=Es1}, Env1};
visit(Env0, #c_map{es=Es0}=R) ->
{Es1,Env1} = visit_list(Env0, Es0),
{R#c_map{es=Es1}, Env1};
visit(Env0, #c_map_pair{key=K0,val=V0}=R) ->
{K,Env1} = visit(Env0, K0),
{V,Env2} = visit(Env1, V0),
{R#c_map_pair{key=K,val=V}, Env2};
visit(Env0, #c_cons{hd=H0,tl=T0}=R) ->
{H1,Env1} = visit(Env0, H0),
{T1,Env2} = visit(Env1, T0),
{R#c_cons{hd=H1,tl=T1}, Env2};
visit(Env0, #c_binary{segments=Segs}=R) ->
Env = visit_bin_segs(Env0, Segs),
{R, Env};
visit(Env0, #c_values{es=Es0}=R) ->
{Es1,Env1} = visit_list(Env0, Es0),
{R#c_values{es=Es1}, Env1};
visit(Env0, #c_fun{vars=Vs, body=B0}=R) ->
{Xs, Env1} = bind_vars(Vs, Env0),
{B1,Env2} = visit(Env1, B0),
{R#c_fun{body=B1}, restore_vars(Xs, Env0, Env2)};
visit(Env0, #c_let{vars=Vs, arg=A0, body=B0}=R) ->
{A1,Env1} = visit(Env0, A0),
{Xs,Env2} = bind_vars(Vs, Env1),
{B1,Env3} = visit(Env2, B0),
rewrite(R#c_let{arg=A1,body=B1}, Env3, restore_vars(Xs, Env1, Env3));
visit(Env0, #c_seq{arg=A0, body=B0}=R) ->
{A1,Env1} = visit(Env0, A0),
{B1,Env2} = visit(Env1, B0),
{R#c_seq{arg=A1,body=B1}, Env2};
visit(Env0, #c_case{arg=A0,clauses=Cs0}=R) ->
{A1,Env1} = visit(Env0, A0),
{Cs1,Env2} = visit_list(Env1, Cs0),
{R#c_case{arg=A1,clauses=Cs1}, Env2};
visit(Env0, #c_clause{pats=Ps,guard=G0,body=B0}=R) ->
{Vs, Env1} = visit_pats(Ps, Env0),
{G1,Env2} = visit(Env1, G0),
{B1,Env3} = visit(Env2, B0),
{R#c_clause{guard=G1,body=B1}, restore_vars(Vs, Env0, Env3)};
visit(Env0, #c_receive{clauses=Cs0,timeout=T0,action=A0}=R) ->
{T1,Env1} = visit(Env0, T0),
{Cs1,Env2} = visit_list(Env1, Cs0),
{A1,Env3} = visit(Env2, A0),
{R#c_receive{clauses=Cs1,timeout=T1,action=A1}, Env3};
visit(Env0, #c_apply{op=Op0, args=As0}=R) ->
{Op1,Env1} = visit(Env0, Op0),
{As1,Env2} = visit_list(Env1, As0),
{R#c_apply{op=Op1,args=As1}, Env2};
visit(Env0, #c_call{module=M0,name=N0,args=As0}=R) ->
{M1,Env1} = visit(Env0, M0),
{N1,Env2} = visit(Env1, N0),
{As1,Env3} = visit_list(Env2, As0),
{R#c_call{module=M1,name=N1,args=As1}, Env3};
visit(Env0, #c_primop{name=N0, args=As0}=R) ->
{N1,Env1} = visit(Env0, N0),
{As1,Env2} = visit_list(Env1, As0),
{R#c_primop{name=N1,args=As1}, Env2};
visit(Env0, #c_try{arg=E0, vars=Vs, body=B0, evars=Evs, handler=H0}=R) ->
{E1,Env1} = visit(Env0, E0),
{Xs, Env2} = bind_vars(Vs, Env1),
{B1,Env3} = visit(Env2, B0),
Env4 = restore_vars(Xs, Env1, Env3),
{Ys, Env5} = bind_vars(Evs, Env4),
{H1,Env6} = visit(Env5, H0),
{R#c_try{arg=E1,body=B1,handler=H1}, restore_vars(Ys, Env4, Env6)};
visit(Env0, #c_catch{body=B0}=R) ->
{B1,Env1} = visit(Env0, B0),
{R#c_catch{body=B1}, Env1};
visit(Env0, #c_letrec{defs=Ds0,body=B0}=R) ->
{Xs, Env1} = bind_vars([V || {V,_} <- Ds0], Env0),
{Ds1,Env2} = visit_def_list(Env1, Ds0),
{B1,Env3} = visit(Env2, B0),
{R#c_letrec{defs=Ds1,body=B1}, restore_vars(Xs, Env0, Env3)}.
%% The following general code for handling modules is slow if a module
%% contains very many functions. There is special code in visit_module/1
%% which is much faster.
%% visit(Env0, #c_module{defs=D0}=R) ->
%% {R1,Env1} = visit(Env0, #c_letrec{defs=D0,body=#c_nil{}}),
%% {R#c_module{defs=R1#c_letrec.defs}, Env1};
visit_list(Env, L) ->
lists:mapfoldl(fun (E, A) -> visit(A, E) end, Env, L).
visit_def_list(Env, L) ->
lists:mapfoldl(fun ({Name,V0}, E0) ->
{V1,E1} = visit(E0, V0),
{{Name,V1}, E1}
end, Env, L).
visit_bin_segs(Env, Segs) ->
lists:foldl(fun (#c_bitstr{val=Val,size=Sz}, E0) ->
{_, E1} = visit(E0, Val),
{_, E2} = visit(E1, Sz),
E2
end, Env, Segs).
bind_vars(Vs, Env) ->
bind_vars(Vs, Env, []).
bind_vars([#c_var{name=X}|Vs], Env0, Xs)->
bind_vars(Vs, dict:store(X, 0, Env0), [X|Xs]);
bind_vars([], Env,Xs) ->
{Xs, Env}.
visit_pats(Ps, Env) ->
visit_pats(Ps, Env, []).
visit_pats([P|Ps], Env0, Vs0) ->
{Vs1, Env1} = visit_pat(Env0, P, Vs0),
visit_pats(Ps, Env1, Vs1);
visit_pats([], Env, Vs) ->
{Vs, Env}.
visit_pat(Env0, #c_var{name=V}, Vs) ->
{[V|Vs], dict:store(V, 0, Env0)};
visit_pat(Env0, #c_tuple{es=Es}, Vs) ->
visit_pats(Es, Env0, Vs);
visit_pat(Env0, #c_map{es=Es}, Vs) ->
visit_pats(Es, Env0, Vs);
visit_pat(Env0, #c_map_pair{op=#c_literal{val=exact},key=V,val=K}, Vs0) ->
{Vs1, Env1} = visit_pat(Env0, V, Vs0),
visit_pat(Env1, K, Vs1);
visit_pat(Env0, #c_cons{hd=H,tl=T}, Vs0) ->
{Vs1, Env1} = visit_pat(Env0, H, Vs0),
visit_pat(Env1, T, Vs1);
visit_pat(Env0, #c_binary{segments=Segs}, Vs) ->
visit_pats(Segs, Env0, Vs);
visit_pat(Env0, #c_bitstr{val=Val,size=Sz}, Vs0) ->
{Vs1, Env1} =
case Sz of
#c_var{name=V} ->
%% We don't tolerate free variables.
{ok, N} = dict:find(V, Env0),
{Vs0, dict:store(V, N+1, Env0)};
_ ->
visit_pat(Env0, Sz, Vs0)
end,
visit_pat(Env1, Val, Vs1);
visit_pat(Env0, #c_alias{pat=P,var=#c_var{name=V}}, Vs) ->
visit_pat(dict:store(V, 0, Env0), P, [V|Vs]);
visit_pat(Env, #c_literal{}, Vs) ->
{Vs, Env}.
restore_vars([V|Vs], Env0, Env1) ->
case dict:find(V, Env0) of
{ok, N} ->
restore_vars(Vs, Env0, dict:store(V, N, Env1));
error ->
restore_vars(Vs, Env0, dict:erase(V, Env1))
end;
restore_vars([], _, Env1) ->
Env1.
%% let X1 = call 'erlang':'setelement(5, Tuple, Value1)
%% in call 'erlang':'setelement(3, X1, Value2)
%% =>
%% let X1 = call 'erlang':'setelement(5, Tuple, Value1)
%% in do primop dsetelement(3, X1, Value2)
%% X1
rewrite(#c_let{vars=[#c_var{name=X}=V]=Vs,
arg=#c_call{module=#c_literal{val='erlang'},
name=#c_literal{val='setelement'},
args=[#c_literal{val=Index1}, _Tuple, _Val1]
}=A,
body=#c_call{anno=Banno,module=#c_literal{val='erlang'},
name=#c_literal{val='setelement'},
args=[#c_literal{val=Index2},
#c_var{name=X},
Val2]
}
}=R,
_BodyEnv, FinalEnv)
when is_integer(Index1), is_integer(Index2), Index2 > 0, Index1 > Index2 ->
case is_safe(Val2) of
true ->
{R#c_let{vars=Vs,
arg=A,
body=#c_seq{arg=#c_primop{
anno=Banno,
name=#c_literal{val='dsetelement'},
args=[#c_literal{val=Index2},
V,
Val2]},
body=V}
},
FinalEnv};
false ->
{R, FinalEnv}
end;
%% let X1 = call 'erlang':'setelement(5, Tuple, Value1)
%% in let X2 = 'erlang':'setelement(3, X1, Value2)
%% in ...
%% =>
%% let X2 = call 'erlang':'setelement(5, Tuple, Value1)
%% in do primop dsetelement(3, X2, Value2)
%% ...
%% if X1 is used exactly once.
rewrite(#c_let{vars=[#c_var{name=X1}],
arg=#c_call{module=#c_literal{val='erlang'},
name=#c_literal{val='setelement'},
args=[#c_literal{val=Index1}, _Tuple, _Val1]
}=A,
body=#c_let{vars=[#c_var{}=V]=Vs,
arg=#c_call{anno=Banno,
module=#c_literal{val='erlang'},
name=#c_literal{val='setelement'},
args=[#c_literal{val=Index2},
#c_var{name=X1},
Val2]},
body=B}
}=R,
BodyEnv, FinalEnv)
when is_integer(Index1), is_integer(Index2), Index2 > 0, Index1 > Index2 ->
case is_single_use(X1, BodyEnv) andalso is_safe(Val2) of
true ->
{R#c_let{vars=Vs,
arg=A,
body=#c_seq{arg=#c_primop{
anno=Banno,
name=#c_literal{val='dsetelement'},
args=[#c_literal{val=Index2},
V,
Val2]},
body=B}
},
FinalEnv};
false ->
{R, FinalEnv}
end;
rewrite(R, _, FinalEnv) ->
{R, FinalEnv}.
%% is_safe(CoreExpr) -> true|false
%% Determines whether the Core expression can cause a GC collection at run-time.
%% Note: Assumes that the constant pool is turned on.
is_safe(#c_var{}) -> true;
is_safe(#c_literal{}) -> true;
is_safe(_) -> false.
is_single_use(V, Env) ->
case dict:find(V, Env) of
{ok, 1} ->
true;
_ ->
false
end.
