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+%%
+%% %CopyrightBegin%
+%%
+%% Copyright Ericsson AB 2001-2009. All Rights Reserved.
+%%
+%% The contents of this file are subject to the Erlang Public License,
+%% Version 1.1, (the "License"); you may not use this file except in
+%% compliance with the License. You should have received a copy of the
+%% Erlang Public License along with this software. If not, it can be
+%% retrieved online at http://www.erlang.org/.
+%%
+%% Software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS"
+%% basis, WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See
+%% the License for the specific language governing rights and limitations
+%% under the License.
+%%
+%% %CopyrightEnd%
+
+%% =====================================================================
+%% @doc Core Erlang abstract syntax trees.
+%%
+%% <p> This module defines an abstract data type for representing Core
+%% Erlang source code as syntax trees.</p>
+%%
+%% <p>A recommended starting point for the first-time user is the
+%% documentation of the function <a
+%% href="#type-1"><code>type/1</code></a>.</p>
+%%
+%% <h3><b>NOTES:</b></h3>
+%%
+%% <p>This module deals with the composition and decomposition of
+%% <em>syntactic</em> entities (as opposed to semantic ones); its
+%% purpose is to hide all direct references to the data structures
+%% used to represent these entities. With few exceptions, the
+%% functions in this module perform no semantic interpretation of
+%% their inputs, and in general, the user is assumed to pass
+%% type-correct arguments - if this is not done, the effects are not
+%% defined.</p>
+%%
+%% <p>Currently, the internal data structure used is the same as
+%% the record-based data structures used traditionally in the Beam
+%% compiler.</p>
+%%
+%% <p>The internal representations of abstract syntax trees are
+%% subject to change without notice, and should not be documented
+%% outside this module. Furthermore, we do not give any guarantees on
+%% how an abstract syntax tree may or may not be represented, <em>with
+%% the following exceptions</em>: no syntax tree is represented by a
+%% single atom, such as <code>none</code>, by a list constructor
+%% <code>[X | Y]</code>, or by the empty list <code>[]</code>. This
+%% can be relied on when writing functions that operate on syntax
+%% trees.</p>
+%%
+%% @type cerl(). An abstract Core Erlang syntax tree.
+%%
+%% <p>Every abstract syntax tree has a <em>type</em>, given by the
+%% function <a href="#type-1"><code>type/1</code></a>. In addition,
+%% each syntax tree has a list of <em>user annotations</em> (cf. <a
+%% href="#get_ann-1"><code>get_ann/1</code></a>), which are included
+%% in the Core Erlang syntax.</p>
+
+-module(cerl).
+
+-export([abstract/1, add_ann/2, alias_pat/1, alias_var/1,
+ ann_abstract/2, ann_c_alias/3, ann_c_apply/3, ann_c_atom/2,
+ ann_c_call/4, ann_c_case/3, ann_c_catch/2, ann_c_char/2,
+ ann_c_clause/3, ann_c_clause/4, ann_c_cons/3, ann_c_float/2,
+ ann_c_fname/3, ann_c_fun/3, ann_c_int/2, ann_c_let/4,
+ ann_c_letrec/3, ann_c_module/4, ann_c_module/5, ann_c_nil/1,
+ ann_c_cons_skel/3, ann_c_tuple_skel/2, ann_c_primop/3,
+ ann_c_receive/2, ann_c_receive/4, ann_c_seq/3, ann_c_string/2,
+ ann_c_try/6, ann_c_tuple/2, ann_c_values/2, ann_c_var/2,
+ ann_make_data/3, ann_make_list/2, ann_make_list/3,
+ ann_make_data_skel/3, ann_make_tree/3, apply_args/1,
+ apply_arity/1, apply_op/1, atom_lit/1, atom_name/1, atom_val/1,
+ c_alias/2, c_apply/2, c_atom/1, c_call/3, c_case/2, c_catch/1,
+ c_char/1, c_clause/2, c_clause/3, c_cons/2, c_float/1,
+ c_fname/2, c_fun/2, c_int/1, c_let/3, c_letrec/2, c_module/3,
+ c_module/4, c_nil/0, c_cons_skel/2, c_tuple_skel/1, c_primop/2,
+ c_receive/1, c_receive/3, c_seq/2, c_string/1, c_try/5,
+ c_tuple/1, c_values/1, c_var/1, call_args/1, call_arity/1,
+ call_module/1, call_name/1, case_arg/1, case_arity/1,
+ case_clauses/1, catch_body/1, char_lit/1, char_val/1,
+ clause_arity/1, clause_body/1, clause_guard/1, clause_pats/1,
+ clause_vars/1, concrete/1, cons_hd/1, cons_tl/1, copy_ann/2,
+ data_arity/1, data_es/1, data_type/1, float_lit/1, float_val/1,
+ fname_arity/1, fname_id/1, fold_literal/1, from_records/1,
+ fun_arity/1, fun_body/1, fun_vars/1, get_ann/1, int_lit/1,
+ int_val/1, is_c_alias/1, is_c_apply/1, is_c_atom/1,
+ is_c_call/1, is_c_case/1, is_c_catch/1, is_c_char/1,
+ is_c_clause/1, is_c_cons/1, is_c_float/1, is_c_fname/1,
+ is_c_fun/1, is_c_int/1, is_c_let/1, is_c_letrec/1, is_c_list/1,
+ is_c_module/1, is_c_nil/1, is_c_primop/1, is_c_receive/1,
+ is_c_seq/1, is_c_string/1, is_c_try/1, is_c_tuple/1,
+ is_c_values/1, is_c_var/1, is_data/1, is_leaf/1, is_literal/1,
+ is_literal_term/1, is_print_char/1, is_print_string/1,
+ let_arg/1, let_arity/1, let_body/1, let_vars/1, letrec_body/1,
+ letrec_defs/1, letrec_vars/1, list_elements/1, list_length/1,
+ make_data/2, make_list/1, make_list/2, make_data_skel/2,
+ make_tree/2, meta/1, module_attrs/1, module_defs/1,
+ module_exports/1, module_name/1, module_vars/1,
+ pat_list_vars/1, pat_vars/1, primop_args/1, primop_arity/1,
+ primop_name/1, receive_action/1, receive_clauses/1,
+ receive_timeout/1, seq_arg/1, seq_body/1, set_ann/2,
+ string_lit/1, string_val/1, subtrees/1, to_records/1,
+ try_arg/1, try_body/1, try_vars/1, try_evars/1, try_handler/1,
+ tuple_arity/1, tuple_es/1, type/1, unfold_literal/1,
+ update_c_alias/3, update_c_apply/3, update_c_call/4,
+ update_c_case/3, update_c_catch/2, update_c_clause/4,
+ update_c_cons/3, update_c_cons_skel/3, update_c_fname/2,
+ update_c_fname/3, update_c_fun/3, update_c_let/4,
+ update_c_letrec/3, update_c_module/5, update_c_primop/3,
+ update_c_receive/4, update_c_seq/3, update_c_try/6,
+ update_c_tuple/2, update_c_tuple_skel/2, update_c_values/2,
+ update_c_var/2, update_data/3, update_list/2, update_list/3,
+ update_data_skel/3, update_tree/2, update_tree/3,
+ values_arity/1, values_es/1, var_name/1, c_binary/1,
+ update_c_binary/2, ann_c_binary/2, is_c_binary/1,
+ binary_segments/1, c_bitstr/3, c_bitstr/4, c_bitstr/5,
+ update_c_bitstr/5, update_c_bitstr/6, ann_c_bitstr/5,
+ ann_c_bitstr/6, is_c_bitstr/1, bitstr_val/1, bitstr_size/1,
+ bitstr_bitsize/1, bitstr_unit/1, bitstr_type/1,
+ bitstr_flags/1]).
+
+%%
+%% needed by the include file below -- do not move
+%%
+-type var_name() :: integer() | atom() | {atom(), integer()}.
+
+-include("core_parse.hrl").
+
+-type c_alias() :: #c_alias{}.
+-type c_apply() :: #c_apply{}.
+-type c_binary() :: #c_binary{}.
+-type c_bitstr() :: #c_bitstr{}.
+-type c_call() :: #c_call{}.
+-type c_case() :: #c_case{}.
+-type c_catch() :: #c_catch{}.
+-type c_clause() :: #c_clause{}.
+-type c_cons() :: #c_cons{}.
+-type c_fun() :: #c_fun{}.
+-type c_let() :: #c_let{}.
+-type c_letrec() :: #c_letrec{}.
+-type c_literal() :: #c_literal{}.
+-type c_module() :: #c_module{}.
+-type c_primop() :: #c_primop{}.
+-type c_receive() :: #c_receive{}.
+-type c_seq() :: #c_seq{}.
+-type c_try() :: #c_try{}.
+-type c_tuple() :: #c_tuple{}.
+-type c_values() :: #c_values{}.
+-type c_var() :: #c_var{}.
+
+-type cerl() :: c_alias() | c_apply() | c_binary() | c_bitstr()
+ | c_call() | c_case() | c_catch() | c_clause() | c_cons()
+ | c_fun() | c_let() | c_letrec() | c_literal()
+ | c_module() | c_primop() | c_receive() | c_seq()
+ | c_try() | c_tuple() | c_values() | c_var().
+
+%% =====================================================================
+%% Representation (general)
+%%
+%% All nodes are represented by tuples of arity 2 or (generally)
+%% greater, whose first element is an atom which uniquely identifies the
+%% type of the node, and whose second element is a (proper) list of
+%% annotation terms associated with the node - this is by default empty.
+%%
+%% For most node constructor functions, there are analogous functions
+%% named 'ann_...', taking one extra argument 'As' (always the first
+%% argument), specifying an annotation list at node creation time.
+%% Similarly, there are also functions named 'update_...', taking one
+%% extra argument 'Old', specifying a node from which all fields not
+%% explicitly given as arguments should be copied (generally, this is
+%% the annotation field only).
+%% =====================================================================
+
+%% @spec type(Node::cerl()) -> atom()
+%%
+%% @doc Returns the type tag of <code>Node</code>. Current node types
+%% are:
+%%
+%% <p><center><table border="1">
+%% <tr>
+%% <td>alias</td>
+%% <td>apply</td>
+%% <td>binary</td>
+%% <td>bitstr</td>
+%% <td>call</td>
+%% <td>case</td>
+%% <td>catch</td>
+%% </tr><tr>
+%% <td>clause</td>
+%% <td>cons</td>
+%% <td>fun</td>
+%% <td>let</td>
+%% <td>letrec</td>
+%% <td>literal</td>
+%% <td>module</td>
+%% </tr><tr>
+%% <td>primop</td>
+%% <td>receive</td>
+%% <td>seq</td>
+%% <td>try</td>
+%% <td>tuple</td>
+%% <td>values</td>
+%% <td>var</td>
+%% </tr>
+%% </table></center></p>
+%%
+%% <p>Note: The name of the primary constructor function for a node
+%% type is always the name of the type itself, prefixed by
+%% "<code>c_</code>"; recognizer predicates are correspondingly
+%% prefixed by "<code>is_c_</code>". Furthermore, to simplify
+%% preservation of annotations (cf. <code>get_ann/1</code>), there are
+%% analogous constructor functions prefixed by "<code>ann_c_</code>"
+%% and "<code>update_c_</code>", for setting the annotation list of
+%% the new node to either a specific value or to the annotations of an
+%% existing node, respectively.</p>
+%%
+%% @see abstract/1
+%% @see c_alias/2
+%% @see c_apply/2
+%% @see c_binary/1
+%% @see c_bitstr/5
+%% @see c_call/3
+%% @see c_case/2
+%% @see c_catch/1
+%% @see c_clause/3
+%% @see c_cons/2
+%% @see c_fun/2
+%% @see c_let/3
+%% @see c_letrec/2
+%% @see c_module/3
+%% @see c_primop/2
+%% @see c_receive/1
+%% @see c_seq/2
+%% @see c_try/3
+%% @see c_tuple/1
+%% @see c_values/1
+%% @see c_var/1
+%% @see get_ann/1
+%% @see to_records/1
+%% @see from_records/1
+%% @see data_type/1
+%% @see subtrees/1
+%% @see meta/1
+
+-type ctype() :: 'alias' | 'apply' | 'binary' | 'bitrst' | 'call' | 'case'
+ | 'catch' | 'clause' | 'cons' | 'fun' | 'let' | 'letrec'
+ | 'literal' | 'module' | 'primop' | 'receive' | 'seq' | 'try'
+ | 'tuple' | 'values' | 'var'.
+
+-spec type(cerl()) -> ctype().
+
+type(#c_alias{}) -> alias;
+type(#c_apply{}) -> apply;
+type(#c_binary{}) -> binary;
+type(#c_bitstr{}) -> bitstr;
+type(#c_call{}) -> call;
+type(#c_case{}) -> 'case';
+type(#c_catch{}) -> 'catch';
+type(#c_clause{}) -> clause;
+type(#c_cons{}) -> cons;
+type(#c_fun{}) -> 'fun';
+type(#c_let{}) -> 'let';
+type(#c_letrec{}) -> letrec;
+type(#c_literal{}) -> literal;
+type(#c_module{}) -> module;
+type(#c_primop{}) -> primop;
+type(#c_receive{}) -> 'receive';
+type(#c_seq{}) -> seq;
+type(#c_try{}) -> 'try';
+type(#c_tuple{}) -> tuple;
+type(#c_values{}) -> values;
+type(#c_var{}) -> var.
+
+
+%% @spec is_leaf(Node::cerl()) -> boolean()
+%%
+%% @doc Returns <code>true</code> if <code>Node</code> is a leaf node,
+%% otherwise <code>false</code>. The current leaf node types are
+%% <code>literal</code> and <code>var</code>.
+%%
+%% <p>Note: all literals (cf. <code>is_literal/1</code>) are leaf
+%% nodes, even if they represent structured (constant) values such as
+%% <code>{foo, [bar, baz]}</code>. Also note that variables are leaf
+%% nodes but not literals.</p>
+%%
+%% @see type/1
+%% @see is_literal/1
+
+-spec is_leaf(cerl()) -> boolean().
+
+is_leaf(Node) ->
+ case type(Node) of
+ literal -> true;
+ var -> true;
+ _ -> false
+ end.
+
+
+%% @spec get_ann(cerl()) -> [term()]
+%%
+%% @doc Returns the list of user annotations associated with a syntax
+%% tree node. For a newly created node, this is the empty list. The
+%% annotations may be any terms.
+%%
+%% @see set_ann/2
+
+-spec get_ann(cerl()) -> [term()].
+
+get_ann(Node) ->
+ element(2, Node).
+
+
+%% @spec set_ann(Node::cerl(), Annotations::[term()]) -> cerl()
+%%
+%% @doc Sets the list of user annotations of <code>Node</code> to
+%% <code>Annotations</code>.
+%%
+%% @see get_ann/1
+%% @see add_ann/2
+%% @see copy_ann/2
+
+-spec set_ann(cerl(), [term()]) -> cerl().
+
+set_ann(Node, List) ->
+ setelement(2, Node, List).
+
+
+%% @spec add_ann(Annotations::[term()], Node::cerl()) -> cerl()
+%%
+%% @doc Appends <code>Annotations</code> to the list of user
+%% annotations of <code>Node</code>.
+%%
+%% <p>Note: this is equivalent to <code>set_ann(Node, Annotations ++
+%% get_ann(Node))</code>, but potentially more efficient.</p>
+%%
+%% @see get_ann/1
+%% @see set_ann/2
+
+-spec add_ann([term()], cerl()) -> cerl().
+
+add_ann(Terms, Node) ->
+ set_ann(Node, Terms ++ get_ann(Node)).
+
+
+%% @spec copy_ann(Source::cerl(), Target::cerl()) -> cerl()
+%%
+%% @doc Copies the list of user annotations from <code>Source</code>
+%% to <code>Target</code>.
+%%
+%% <p>Note: this is equivalent to <code>set_ann(Target,
+%% get_ann(Source))</code>, but potentially more efficient.</p>
+%%
+%% @see get_ann/1
+%% @see set_ann/2
+
+-spec copy_ann(cerl(), cerl()) -> cerl().
+
+copy_ann(Source, Target) ->
+ set_ann(Target, get_ann(Source)).
+
+
+%% @spec abstract(Term::term()) -> cerl()
+%%
+%% @doc Creates a syntax tree corresponding to an Erlang term.
+%% <code>Term</code> must be a literal term, i.e., one that can be
+%% represented as a source code literal. Thus, it may not contain a
+%% process identifier, port, reference, binary or function value as a
+%% subterm.
+%%
+%% <p>Note: This is a constant time operation.</p>
+%%
+%% @see ann_abstract/2
+%% @see concrete/1
+%% @see is_literal/1
+%% @see is_literal_term/1
+
+-spec abstract(term()) -> c_literal().
+
+abstract(T) ->
+ #c_literal{val = T}.
+
+
+%% @spec ann_abstract(Annotations::[term()], Term::term()) -> cerl()
+%% @see abstract/1
+
+-spec ann_abstract([term()], term()) -> c_literal().
+
+ann_abstract(As, T) ->
+ #c_literal{val = T, anno = As}.
+
+
+%% @spec is_literal_term(Term::term()) -> boolean()
+%%
+%% @doc Returns <code>true</code> if <code>Term</code> can be
+%% represented as a literal, otherwise <code>false</code>. This
+%% function takes time proportional to the size of <code>Term</code>.
+%%
+%% @see abstract/1
+
+-spec is_literal_term(term()) -> boolean().
+
+is_literal_term(T) when is_integer(T) -> true;
+is_literal_term(T) when is_float(T) -> true;
+is_literal_term(T) when is_atom(T) -> true;
+is_literal_term([]) -> true;
+is_literal_term([H | T]) ->
+ is_literal_term(H) andalso is_literal_term(T);
+is_literal_term(T) when is_tuple(T) ->
+ is_literal_term_list(tuple_to_list(T));
+is_literal_term(B) when is_bitstring(B) -> true;
+is_literal_term(_) ->
+ false.
+
+-spec is_literal_term_list([term()]) -> boolean().
+
+is_literal_term_list([T | Ts]) ->
+ case is_literal_term(T) of
+ true ->
+ is_literal_term_list(Ts);
+ false ->
+ false
+ end;
+is_literal_term_list([]) ->
+ true.
+
+
+%% @spec concrete(Node::cerl()) -> term()
+%%
+%% @doc Returns the Erlang term represented by a syntax tree. An
+%% exception is thrown if <code>Node</code> does not represent a
+%% literal term.
+%%
+%% <p>Note: This is a constant time operation.</p>
+%%
+%% @see abstract/1
+%% @see is_literal/1
+
+%% Because the normal tuple and list constructor operations always
+%% return a literal if the arguments are literals, 'concrete' and
+%% 'is_literal' never need to traverse the structure.
+
+-spec concrete(c_literal()) -> term().
+
+concrete(#c_literal{val = V}) ->
+ V.
+
+
+%% @spec is_literal(Node::cerl()) -> boolean()
+%%
+%% @doc Returns <code>true</code> if <code>Node</code> represents a
+%% literal term, otherwise <code>false</code>. This function returns
+%% <code>true</code> if and only if the value of
+%% <code>concrete(Node)</code> is defined.
+%%
+%% <p>Note: This is a constant time operation.</p>
+%%
+%% @see abstract/1
+%% @see concrete/1
+%% @see fold_literal/1
+
+-spec is_literal(cerl()) -> boolean().
+
+is_literal(#c_literal{}) ->
+ true;
+is_literal(_) ->
+ false.
+
+
+%% @spec fold_literal(Node::cerl()) -> cerl()
+%%
+%% @doc Assures that literals have a compact representation. This is
+%% occasionally useful if <code>c_cons_skel/2</code>,
+%% <code>c_tuple_skel/1</code> or <code>unfold_literal/1</code> were
+%% used in the construction of <code>Node</code>, and you want to revert
+%% to the normal "folded" representation of literals. If
+%% <code>Node</code> represents a tuple or list constructor, its
+%% elements are rewritten recursively, and the node is reconstructed
+%% using <code>c_cons/2</code> or <code>c_tuple/1</code>, respectively;
+%% otherwise, <code>Node</code> is not changed.
+%%
+%% @see is_literal/1
+%% @see c_cons_skel/2
+%% @see c_tuple_skel/1
+%% @see c_cons/2
+%% @see c_tuple/1
+%% @see unfold_literal/1
+
+-spec fold_literal(cerl()) -> cerl().
+
+fold_literal(Node) ->
+ case type(Node) of
+ tuple ->
+ update_c_tuple(Node, fold_literal_list(tuple_es(Node)));
+ cons ->
+ update_c_cons(Node, fold_literal(cons_hd(Node)),
+ fold_literal(cons_tl(Node)));
+ _ ->
+ Node
+ end.
+
+fold_literal_list([E | Es]) ->
+ [fold_literal(E) | fold_literal_list(Es)];
+fold_literal_list([]) ->
+ [].
+
+
+%% @spec unfold_literal(Node::cerl()) -> cerl()
+%%
+%% @doc Assures that literals have a fully expanded representation. If
+%% <code>Node</code> represents a literal tuple or list constructor, its
+%% elements are rewritten recursively, and the node is reconstructed
+%% using <code>c_cons_skel/2</code> or <code>c_tuple_skel/1</code>,
+%% respectively; otherwise, <code>Node</code> is not changed. The {@link
+%% fold_literal/1} can be used to revert to the normal compact
+%% representation.
+%%
+%% @see is_literal/1
+%% @see c_cons_skel/2
+%% @see c_tuple_skel/1
+%% @see c_cons/2
+%% @see c_tuple/1
+%% @see fold_literal/1
+
+-spec unfold_literal(cerl()) -> cerl().
+
+unfold_literal(Node) ->
+ case type(Node) of
+ literal ->
+ copy_ann(Node, unfold_concrete(concrete(Node)));
+ _ ->
+ Node
+ end.
+
+unfold_concrete(Val) ->
+ case Val of
+ _ when is_tuple(Val) ->
+ c_tuple_skel(unfold_concrete_list(tuple_to_list(Val)));
+ [H|T] ->
+ c_cons_skel(unfold_concrete(H), unfold_concrete(T));
+ _ ->
+ abstract(Val)
+ end.
+
+unfold_concrete_list([E | Es]) ->
+ [unfold_concrete(E) | unfold_concrete_list(Es)];
+unfold_concrete_list([]) ->
+ [].
+
+
+%% ---------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+%% @spec c_module(Name::cerl(), Exports, Definitions) -> cerl()
+%%
+%% Exports = [cerl()]
+%% Definitions = [{cerl(), cerl()}]
+%%
+%% @equiv c_module(Name, Exports, [], Definitions)
+
+-spec c_module(cerl(), [cerl()], [{cerl(), cerl()}]) -> c_module().
+
+c_module(Name, Exports, Es) ->
+ #c_module{name = Name, exports = Exports, attrs = [], defs = Es}.
+
+
+%% @spec c_module(Name::cerl(), Exports, Attributes, Definitions) ->
+%% cerl()
+%%
+%% Exports = [cerl()]
+%% Attributes = [{cerl(), cerl()}]
+%% Definitions = [{cerl(), cerl()}]
+%%
+%% @doc Creates an abstract module definition. The result represents
+%% <pre>
+%% module <em>Name</em> [<em>E1</em>, ..., <em>Ek</em>]
+%% attributes [<em>K1</em> = <em>T1</em>, ...,
+%% <em>Km</em> = <em>Tm</em>]
+%% <em>V1</em> = <em>F1</em>
+%% ...
+%% <em>Vn</em> = <em>Fn</em>
+%% end</pre>
+%%
+%% if <code>Exports</code> = <code>[E1, ..., Ek]</code>,
+%% <code>Attributes</code> = <code>[{K1, T1}, ..., {Km, Tm}]</code>,
+%% and <code>Definitions</code> = <code>[{V1, F1}, ..., {Vn,
+%% Fn}]</code>.
+%%
+%% <p><code>Name</code> and all the <code>Ki</code> must be atom
+%% literals, and all the <code>Ti</code> must be constant literals. All
+%% the <code>Vi</code> and <code>Ei</code> must have type
+%% <code>var</code> and represent function names. All the
+%% <code>Fi</code> must have type <code>'fun'</code>.</p>
+%%
+%% @see c_module/3
+%% @see module_name/1
+%% @see module_exports/1
+%% @see module_attrs/1
+%% @see module_defs/1
+%% @see module_vars/1
+%% @see ann_c_module/4
+%% @see ann_c_module/5
+%% @see update_c_module/5
+%% @see c_atom/1
+%% @see c_var/1
+%% @see c_fun/2
+%% @see is_literal/1
+
+-spec c_module(cerl(), [cerl()], [{cerl(), cerl()}], [{cerl(), cerl()}]) ->
+ c_module().
+
+c_module(Name, Exports, Attrs, Es) ->
+ #c_module{name = Name, exports = Exports, attrs = Attrs, defs = Es}.
+
+
+%% @spec ann_c_module(As::[term()], Name::cerl(), Exports,
+%% Definitions) -> cerl()
+%%
+%% Exports = [cerl()]
+%% Definitions = [{cerl(), cerl()}]
+%%
+%% @see c_module/3
+%% @see ann_c_module/5
+
+-spec ann_c_module([term()], cerl(), [cerl()], [{cerl(), cerl()}]) ->
+ c_module().
+
+ann_c_module(As, Name, Exports, Es) ->
+ #c_module{name = Name, exports = Exports, attrs = [], defs = Es,
+ anno = As}.
+
+
+%% @spec ann_c_module(As::[term()], Name::cerl(), Exports,
+%% Attributes, Definitions) -> cerl()
+%%
+%% Exports = [cerl()]
+%% Attributes = [{cerl(), cerl()}]
+%% Definitions = [{cerl(), cerl()}]
+%%
+%% @see c_module/4
+%% @see ann_c_module/4
+
+-spec ann_c_module([term()], cerl(), [cerl()],
+ [{cerl(), cerl()}], [{cerl(), cerl()}]) -> c_module().
+
+ann_c_module(As, Name, Exports, Attrs, Es) ->
+ #c_module{name = Name, exports = Exports, attrs = Attrs, defs = Es,
+ anno = As}.
+
+
+%% @spec update_c_module(Old::cerl(), Name::cerl(), Exports,
+%% Attributes, Definitions) -> cerl()
+%%
+%% Exports = [cerl()]
+%% Attributes = [{cerl(), cerl()}]
+%% Definitions = [{cerl(), cerl()}]
+%%
+%% @see c_module/4
+
+-spec update_c_module(c_module(), cerl(), [cerl()],
+ [{cerl(), cerl()}], [{cerl(), cerl()}]) -> c_module().
+
+update_c_module(Node, Name, Exports, Attrs, Es) ->
+ #c_module{name = Name, exports = Exports, attrs = Attrs, defs = Es,
+ anno = get_ann(Node)}.
+
+
+%% @spec is_c_module(Node::cerl()) -> boolean()
+%%
+%% @doc Returns <code>true</code> if <code>Node</code> is an abstract
+%% module definition, otherwise <code>false</code>.
+%%
+%% @see type/1
+
+-spec is_c_module(cerl()) -> boolean().
+
+is_c_module(#c_module{}) ->
+ true;
+is_c_module(_) ->
+ false.
+
+
+%% @spec module_name(Node::cerl()) -> cerl()
+%%
+%% @doc Returns the name subtree of an abstract module definition.
+%%
+%% @see c_module/4
+
+-spec module_name(c_module()) -> cerl().
+
+module_name(Node) ->
+ Node#c_module.name.
+
+
+%% @spec module_exports(Node::cerl()) -> [cerl()]
+%%
+%% @doc Returns the list of exports subtrees of an abstract module
+%% definition.
+%%
+%% @see c_module/4
+
+-spec module_exports(c_module()) -> [cerl()].
+
+module_exports(Node) ->
+ Node#c_module.exports.
+
+
+%% @spec module_attrs(Node::cerl()) -> [{cerl(), cerl()}]
+%%
+%% @doc Returns the list of pairs of attribute key/value subtrees of
+%% an abstract module definition.
+%%
+%% @see c_module/4
+
+-spec module_attrs(c_module()) -> [{cerl(), cerl()}].
+
+module_attrs(Node) ->
+ Node#c_module.attrs.
+
+
+%% @spec module_defs(Node::cerl()) -> [{cerl(), cerl()}]
+%%
+%% @doc Returns the list of function definitions of an abstract module
+%% definition.
+%%
+%% @see c_module/4
+
+-spec module_defs(c_module()) -> [{cerl(), cerl()}].
+
+module_defs(Node) ->
+ Node#c_module.defs.
+
+
+%% @spec module_vars(Node::cerl()) -> [cerl()]
+%%
+%% @doc Returns the list of left-hand side function variable subtrees
+%% of an abstract module definition.
+%%
+%% @see c_module/4
+
+-spec module_vars(c_module()) -> [cerl()].
+
+module_vars(Node) ->
+ [F || {F, _} <- module_defs(Node)].
+
+
+%% ---------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+%% @spec c_int(Value::integer()) -> cerl()
+%%
+%% @doc Creates an abstract integer literal. The lexical
+%% representation is the canonical decimal numeral of
+%% <code>Value</code>.
+%%
+%% @see ann_c_int/2
+%% @see is_c_int/1
+%% @see int_val/1
+%% @see int_lit/1
+%% @see c_char/1
+
+-spec c_int(integer()) -> c_literal().
+
+c_int(Value) ->
+ #c_literal{val = Value}.
+
+
+%% @spec ann_c_int(As::[term()], Value::integer()) -> cerl()
+%% @see c_int/1
+
+-spec ann_c_int([term()], integer()) -> c_literal().
+
+ann_c_int(As, Value) ->
+ #c_literal{val = Value, anno = As}.
+
+
+%% @spec is_c_int(Node::cerl()) -> boolean()
+%%
+%% @doc Returns <code>true</code> if <code>Node</code> represents an
+%% integer literal, otherwise <code>false</code>.
+%% @see c_int/1
+
+-spec is_c_int(cerl()) -> boolean().
+
+is_c_int(#c_literal{val = V}) when is_integer(V) ->
+ true;
+is_c_int(_) ->
+ false.
+
+
+%% @spec int_val(cerl()) -> integer()
+%%
+%% @doc Returns the value represented by an integer literal node.
+%% @see c_int/1
+
+-spec int_val(c_literal()) -> integer().
+
+int_val(Node) ->
+ Node#c_literal.val.
+
+
+%% @spec int_lit(cerl()) -> string()
+%%
+%% @doc Returns the numeral string represented by an integer literal
+%% node.
+%% @see c_int/1
+
+-spec int_lit(c_literal()) -> string().
+
+int_lit(Node) ->
+ integer_to_list(int_val(Node)).
+
+
+%% ---------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+%% @spec c_float(Value::float()) -> cerl()
+%%
+%% @doc Creates an abstract floating-point literal. The lexical
+%% representation is the decimal floating-point numeral of
+%% <code>Value</code>.
+%%
+%% @see ann_c_float/2
+%% @see is_c_float/1
+%% @see float_val/1
+%% @see float_lit/1
+
+%% Note that not all floating-point numerals can be represented with
+%% full precision.
+
+-spec c_float(float()) -> c_literal().
+
+c_float(Value) ->
+ #c_literal{val = Value}.
+
+
+%% @spec ann_c_float(As::[term()], Value::float()) -> cerl()
+%% @see c_float/1
+
+-spec ann_c_float([term()], float()) -> c_literal().
+
+ann_c_float(As, Value) ->
+ #c_literal{val = Value, anno = As}.
+
+
+%% @spec is_c_float(Node::cerl()) -> boolean()
+%%
+%% @doc Returns <code>true</code> if <code>Node</code> represents a
+%% floating-point literal, otherwise <code>false</code>.
+%% @see c_float/1
+
+-spec is_c_float(cerl()) -> boolean().
+
+is_c_float(#c_literal{val = V}) when is_float(V) ->
+ true;
+is_c_float(_) ->
+ false.
+
+
+%% @spec float_val(cerl()) -> float()
+%%
+%% @doc Returns the value represented by a floating-point literal
+%% node.
+%% @see c_float/1
+
+-spec float_val(c_literal()) -> float().
+
+float_val(Node) ->
+ Node#c_literal.val.
+
+
+%% @spec float_lit(cerl()) -> string()
+%%
+%% @doc Returns the numeral string represented by a floating-point
+%% literal node.
+%% @see c_float/1
+
+-spec float_lit(c_literal()) -> string().
+
+float_lit(Node) ->
+ float_to_list(float_val(Node)).
+
+
+%% ---------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+%% @spec c_atom(Name) -> cerl()
+%% Name = atom() | string()
+%%
+%% @doc Creates an abstract atom literal. The print name of the atom
+%% is the character sequence represented by <code>Name</code>.
+%%
+%% <p>Note: passing a string as argument to this function causes a
+%% corresponding atom to be created for the internal representation.</p>
+%%
+%% @see ann_c_atom/2
+%% @see is_c_atom/1
+%% @see atom_val/1
+%% @see atom_name/1
+%% @see atom_lit/1
+
+-spec c_atom(atom() | string()) -> c_literal().
+
+c_atom(Name) when is_atom(Name) ->
+ #c_literal{val = Name};
+c_atom(Name) ->
+ #c_literal{val = list_to_atom(Name)}.
+
+
+%% @spec ann_c_atom(As::[term()], Name) -> cerl()
+%% Name = atom() | string()
+%% @see c_atom/1
+
+-spec ann_c_atom([term()], atom() | string()) -> c_literal().
+
+ann_c_atom(As, Name) when is_atom(Name) ->
+ #c_literal{val = Name, anno = As};
+ann_c_atom(As, Name) ->
+ #c_literal{val = list_to_atom(Name), anno = As}.
+
+
+%% @spec is_c_atom(Node::cerl()) -> boolean()
+%%
+%% @doc Returns <code>true</code> if <code>Node</code> represents an
+%% atom literal, otherwise <code>false</code>.
+%%
+%% @see c_atom/1
+
+-spec is_c_atom(cerl()) -> boolean().
+
+is_c_atom(#c_literal{val = V}) when is_atom(V) ->
+ true;
+is_c_atom(_) ->
+ false.
+
+%% @spec atom_val(cerl()) -> atom()
+%%
+%% @doc Returns the value represented by an abstract atom.
+%%
+%% @see c_atom/1
+
+-spec atom_val(c_literal()) -> atom().
+
+atom_val(Node) ->
+ Node#c_literal.val.
+
+
+%% @spec atom_name(cerl()) -> string()
+%%
+%% @doc Returns the printname of an abstract atom.
+%%
+%% @see c_atom/1
+
+-spec atom_name(c_literal()) -> string().
+
+atom_name(Node) ->
+ atom_to_list(atom_val(Node)).
+
+
+%% @spec atom_lit(cerl()) -> string()
+%%
+%% @doc Returns the literal string represented by an abstract
+%% atom. This always includes surrounding single-quote characters.
+%%
+%% <p>Note that an abstract atom may have several literal
+%% representations, and that the representation yielded by this
+%% function is not fixed; e.g.,
+%% <code>atom_lit(c_atom("a\012b"))</code> could yield the string
+%% <code>"\'a\\nb\'"</code>.</p>
+%%
+%% @see c_atom/1
+
+%% TODO: replace the use of the unofficial 'write_string/2'.
+
+-spec atom_lit(cerl()) -> string().
+
+atom_lit(Node) ->
+ io_lib:write_string(atom_name(Node), $'). %' stupid Emacs.
+
+
+%% ---------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+%% @spec c_char(Value) -> cerl()
+%%
+%% Value = char() | integer()
+%%
+%% @doc Creates an abstract character literal. If the local
+%% implementation of Erlang defines <code>char()</code> as a subset of
+%% <code>integer()</code>, this function is equivalent to
+%% <code>c_int/1</code>. Otherwise, if the given value is an integer,
+%% it will be converted to the character with the corresponding
+%% code. The lexical representation of a character is
+%% "<code>$<em>Char</em></code>", where <code>Char</code> is a single
+%% printing character or an escape sequence.
+%%
+%% @see c_int/1
+%% @see c_string/1
+%% @see ann_c_char/2
+%% @see is_c_char/1
+%% @see char_val/1
+%% @see char_lit/1
+%% @see is_print_char/1
+
+-spec c_char(non_neg_integer()) -> c_literal().
+
+c_char(Value) when is_integer(Value), Value >= 0 ->
+ #c_literal{val = Value}.
+
+
+%% @spec ann_c_char(As::[term()], Value::char()) -> cerl()
+%% @see c_char/1
+
+-spec ann_c_char([term()], char()) -> c_literal().
+
+ann_c_char(As, Value) ->
+ #c_literal{val = Value, anno = As}.
+
+
+%% @spec is_c_char(Node::cerl()) -> boolean()
+%%
+%% @doc Returns <code>true</code> if <code>Node</code> may represent a
+%% character literal, otherwise <code>false</code>.
+%%
+%% <p>If the local implementation of Erlang defines
+%% <code>char()</code> as a subset of <code>integer()</code>, then
+%% <code>is_c_int(<em>Node</em>)</code> will also yield
+%% <code>true</code>.</p>
+%%
+%% @see c_char/1
+%% @see is_print_char/1
+
+-spec is_c_char(c_literal()) -> boolean().
+
+is_c_char(#c_literal{val = V}) when is_integer(V), V >= 0 ->
+ is_char_value(V);
+is_c_char(_) ->
+ false.
+
+
+%% @spec is_print_char(Node::cerl()) -> boolean()
+%%
+%% @doc Returns <code>true</code> if <code>Node</code> may represent a
+%% "printing" character, otherwise <code>false</code>. (Cf.
+%% <code>is_c_char/1</code>.) A "printing" character has either a
+%% given graphical representation, or a "named" escape sequence such
+%% as "<code>\n</code>". Currently, only ISO 8859-1 (Latin-1)
+%% character values are recognized.
+%%
+%% @see c_char/1
+%% @see is_c_char/1
+
+-spec is_print_char(cerl()) -> boolean().
+
+is_print_char(#c_literal{val = V}) when is_integer(V), V >= 0 ->
+ is_print_char_value(V);
+is_print_char(_) ->
+ false.
+
+
+%% @spec char_val(cerl()) -> char()
+%%
+%% @doc Returns the value represented by an abstract character literal.
+%%
+%% @see c_char/1
+
+-spec char_val(c_literal()) -> char().
+
+char_val(Node) ->
+ Node#c_literal.val.
+
+
+%% @spec char_lit(cerl()) -> string()
+%%
+%% @doc Returns the literal string represented by an abstract
+%% character. This includes a leading <code>$</code>
+%% character. Currently, all characters that are not in the set of ISO
+%% 8859-1 (Latin-1) "printing" characters will be escaped.
+%%
+%% @see c_char/1
+
+-spec char_lit(c_literal()) -> string().
+
+char_lit(Node) ->
+ io_lib:write_char(char_val(Node)).
+
+
+%% ---------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+%% @spec c_string(Value::string()) -> cerl()
+%%
+%% @doc Creates an abstract string literal. Equivalent to creating an
+%% abstract list of the corresponding character literals
+%% (cf. <code>is_c_string/1</code>), but is typically more
+%% efficient. The lexical representation of a string is
+%% "<code>"<em>Chars</em>"</code>", where <code>Chars</code> is a
+%% sequence of printing characters or spaces.
+%%
+%% @see c_char/1
+%% @see ann_c_string/2
+%% @see is_c_string/1
+%% @see string_val/1
+%% @see string_lit/1
+%% @see is_print_string/1
+
+-spec c_string(string()) -> c_literal().
+
+c_string(Value) ->
+ #c_literal{val = Value}.
+
+
+%% @spec ann_c_string(As::[term()], Value::string()) -> cerl()
+%% @see c_string/1
+
+-spec ann_c_string([term()], string()) -> c_literal().
+
+ann_c_string(As, Value) ->
+ #c_literal{val = Value, anno = As}.
+
+
+%% @spec is_c_string(Node::cerl()) -> boolean()
+%%
+%% @doc Returns <code>true</code> if <code>Node</code> may represent a
+%% string literal, otherwise <code>false</code>. Strings are defined
+%% as lists of characters; see <code>is_c_char/1</code> for details.
+%%
+%% @see c_string/1
+%% @see is_c_char/1
+%% @see is_print_string/1
+
+-spec is_c_string(cerl()) -> boolean().
+
+is_c_string(#c_literal{val = V}) ->
+ is_char_list(V);
+is_c_string(_) ->
+ false.
+
+
+%% @spec is_print_string(Node::cerl()) -> boolean()
+%%
+%% @doc Returns <code>true</code> if <code>Node</code> may represent a
+%% string literal containing only "printing" characters, otherwise
+%% <code>false</code>. See <code>is_c_string/1</code> and
+%% <code>is_print_char/1</code> for details. Currently, only ISO
+%% 8859-1 (Latin-1) character values are recognized.
+%%
+%% @see c_string/1
+%% @see is_c_string/1
+%% @see is_print_char/1
+
+-spec is_print_string(cerl()) -> boolean().
+
+is_print_string(#c_literal{val = V}) ->
+ is_print_char_list(V);
+is_print_string(_) ->
+ false.
+
+
+%% @spec string_val(cerl()) -> string()
+%%
+%% @doc Returns the value represented by an abstract string literal.
+%%
+%% @see c_string/1
+
+-spec string_val(c_literal()) -> string().
+
+string_val(Node) ->
+ Node#c_literal.val.
+
+
+%% @spec string_lit(cerl()) -> string()
+%%
+%% @doc Returns the literal string represented by an abstract string.
+%% This includes surrounding double-quote characters
+%% <code>"..."</code>. Currently, characters that are not in the set
+%% of ISO 8859-1 (Latin-1) "printing" characters will be escaped,
+%% except for spaces.
+%%
+%% @see c_string/1
+
+-spec string_lit(c_literal()) -> string().
+
+string_lit(Node) ->
+ io_lib:write_string(string_val(Node)).
+
+
+%% ---------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+%% @spec c_nil() -> cerl()
+%%
+%% @doc Creates an abstract empty list. The result represents
+%% "<code>[]</code>". The empty list is traditionally called "nil".
+%%
+%% @see ann_c_nil/1
+%% @see is_c_list/1
+%% @see c_cons/2
+
+-spec c_nil() -> c_literal().
+
+c_nil() ->
+ #c_literal{val = []}.
+
+
+%% @spec ann_c_nil(As::[term()]) -> cerl()
+%% @see c_nil/0
+
+-spec ann_c_nil([term()]) -> c_literal().
+
+ann_c_nil(As) ->
+ #c_literal{val = [], anno = As}.
+
+
+%% @spec is_c_nil(Node::cerl()) -> boolean()
+%%
+%% @doc Returns <code>true</code> if <code>Node</code> is an abstract
+%% empty list, otherwise <code>false</code>.
+
+-spec is_c_nil(cerl()) -> boolean().
+
+is_c_nil(#c_literal{val = []}) ->
+ true;
+is_c_nil(_) ->
+ false.
+
+
+%% ---------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+%% @spec c_cons(Head::cerl(), Tail::cerl()) -> cerl()
+%%
+%% @doc Creates an abstract list constructor. The result represents
+%% "<code>[<em>Head</em> | <em>Tail</em>]</code>". Note that if both
+%% <code>Head</code> and <code>Tail</code> have type
+%% <code>literal</code>, then the result will also have type
+%% <code>literal</code>, and annotations on <code>Head</code> and
+%% <code>Tail</code> are lost.
+%%
+%% <p>Recall that in Erlang, the tail element of a list constructor is
+%% not necessarily a list.</p>
+%%
+%% @see ann_c_cons/3
+%% @see update_c_cons/3
+%% @see c_cons_skel/2
+%% @see is_c_cons/1
+%% @see cons_hd/1
+%% @see cons_tl/1
+%% @see is_c_list/1
+%% @see c_nil/0
+%% @see list_elements/1
+%% @see list_length/1
+%% @see make_list/2
+
+%% *Always* collapse literals.
+
+-spec c_cons(cerl(), cerl()) -> c_literal() | c_cons().
+
+c_cons(#c_literal{val = Head}, #c_literal{val = Tail}) ->
+ #c_literal{val = [Head | Tail]};
+c_cons(Head, Tail) ->
+ #c_cons{hd = Head, tl = Tail}.
+
+
+%% @spec ann_c_cons(As::[term()], Head::cerl(), Tail::cerl()) -> cerl()
+%% @see c_cons/2
+
+-spec ann_c_cons([term()], cerl(), cerl()) -> c_literal() | c_cons().
+
+ann_c_cons(As, #c_literal{val = Head}, #c_literal{val = Tail}) ->
+ #c_literal{val = [Head | Tail], anno = As};
+ann_c_cons(As, Head, Tail) ->
+ #c_cons{hd = Head, tl = Tail, anno = As}.
+
+
+%% @spec update_c_cons(Old::cerl(), Head::cerl(), Tail::cerl()) ->
+%% cerl()
+%% @see c_cons/2
+
+-spec update_c_cons(c_literal() | c_cons(), cerl(), cerl()) ->
+ c_literal() | c_cons().
+
+update_c_cons(Node, #c_literal{val = Head}, #c_literal{val = Tail}) ->
+ #c_literal{val = [Head | Tail], anno = get_ann(Node)};
+update_c_cons(Node, Head, Tail) ->
+ #c_cons{hd = Head, tl = Tail, anno = get_ann(Node)}.
+
+
+%% @spec c_cons_skel(Head::cerl(), Tail::cerl()) -> cerl()
+%%
+%% @doc Creates an abstract list constructor skeleton. Does not fold
+%% constant literals, i.e., the result always has type
+%% <code>cons</code>, representing "<code>[<em>Head</em> |
+%% <em>Tail</em>]</code>".
+%%
+%% <p>This function is occasionally useful when it is necessary to have
+%% annotations on the subnodes of a list constructor node, even when the
+%% subnodes are constant literals. Note however that
+%% <code>is_literal/1</code> will yield <code>false</code> and
+%% <code>concrete/1</code> will fail if passed the result from this
+%% function.</p>
+%%
+%% <p><code>fold_literal/1</code> can be used to revert a node to the
+%% normal-form representation.</p>
+%%
+%% @see ann_c_cons_skel/3
+%% @see update_c_cons_skel/3
+%% @see c_cons/2
+%% @see is_c_cons/1
+%% @see is_c_list/1
+%% @see c_nil/0
+%% @see is_literal/1
+%% @see fold_literal/1
+%% @see concrete/1
+
+%% *Never* collapse literals.
+
+-spec c_cons_skel(cerl(), cerl()) -> c_cons().
+
+c_cons_skel(Head, Tail) ->
+ #c_cons{hd = Head, tl = Tail}.
+
+
+%% @spec ann_c_cons_skel(As::[term()], Head::cerl(), Tail::cerl()) ->
+%% cerl()
+%% @see c_cons_skel/2
+
+-spec ann_c_cons_skel([term()], cerl(), cerl()) -> c_cons().
+
+ann_c_cons_skel(As, Head, Tail) ->
+ #c_cons{hd = Head, tl = Tail, anno = As}.
+
+
+%% @spec update_c_cons_skel(Old::cerl(), Head::cerl(), Tail::cerl()) ->
+%% cerl()
+%% @see c_cons_skel/2
+
+-spec update_c_cons_skel(c_cons() | c_literal(), cerl(), cerl()) -> c_cons().
+
+update_c_cons_skel(Node, Head, Tail) ->
+ #c_cons{hd = Head, tl = Tail, anno = get_ann(Node)}.
+
+
+%% @spec is_c_cons(Node::cerl()) -> boolean()
+%%
+%% @doc Returns <code>true</code> if <code>Node</code> is an abstract
+%% list constructor, otherwise <code>false</code>.
+
+-spec is_c_cons(cerl()) -> boolean().
+
+is_c_cons(#c_cons{}) ->
+ true;
+is_c_cons(#c_literal{val = [_ | _]}) ->
+ true;
+is_c_cons(_) ->
+ false.
+
+
+%% @spec cons_hd(cerl()) -> cerl()
+%%
+%% @doc Returns the head subtree of an abstract list constructor.
+%%
+%% @see c_cons/2
+
+-spec cons_hd(c_cons() | c_literal()) -> cerl().
+
+cons_hd(#c_cons{hd = Head}) ->
+ Head;
+cons_hd(#c_literal{val = [Head | _]}) ->
+ #c_literal{val = Head}.
+
+
+%% @spec cons_tl(cerl()) -> cerl()
+%%
+%% @doc Returns the tail subtree of an abstract list constructor.
+%%
+%% <p>Recall that the tail does not necessarily represent a proper
+%% list.</p>
+%%
+%% @see c_cons/2
+
+-spec cons_tl(c_cons() | c_literal()) -> cerl().
+
+cons_tl(#c_cons{tl = Tail}) ->
+ Tail;
+cons_tl(#c_literal{val = [_ | Tail]}) ->
+ #c_literal{val = Tail}.
+
+
+%% @spec is_c_list(Node::cerl()) -> boolean()
+%%
+%% @doc Returns <code>true</code> if <code>Node</code> represents a
+%% proper list, otherwise <code>false</code>. A proper list is either
+%% the empty list <code>[]</code>, or a cons cell <code>[<em>Head</em> |
+%% <em>Tail</em>]</code>, where recursively <code>Tail</code> is a
+%% proper list.
+%%
+%% <p>Note: Because <code>Node</code> is a syntax tree, the actual
+%% run-time values corresponding to its subtrees may often be partially
+%% or completely unknown. Thus, if <code>Node</code> represents e.g.
+%% "<code>[... | Ns]</code>" (where <code>Ns</code> is a variable), then
+%% the function will return <code>false</code>, because it is not known
+%% whether <code>Ns</code> will be bound to a list at run-time. If
+%% <code>Node</code> instead represents e.g. "<code>[1, 2, 3]</code>" or
+%% "<code>[A | []]</code>", then the function will return
+%% <code>true</code>.</p>
+%%
+%% @see c_cons/2
+%% @see c_nil/0
+%% @see list_elements/1
+%% @see list_length/1
+
+-spec is_c_list(cerl()) -> boolean().
+
+is_c_list(#c_cons{tl = Tail}) ->
+ is_c_list(Tail);
+is_c_list(#c_literal{val = V}) ->
+ is_proper_list(V);
+is_c_list(_) ->
+ false.
+
+is_proper_list([_ | Tail]) ->
+ is_proper_list(Tail);
+is_proper_list([]) ->
+ true;
+is_proper_list(_) ->
+ false.
+
+%% @spec list_elements(cerl()) -> [cerl()]
+%%
+%% @doc Returns the list of element subtrees of an abstract list.
+%% <code>Node</code> must represent a proper list. E.g., if
+%% <code>Node</code> represents "<code>[<em>X1</em>, <em>X2</em> |
+%% [<em>X3</em>, <em>X4</em> | []]</code>", then
+%% <code>list_elements(Node)</code> yields the list <code>[X1, X2, X3,
+%% X4]</code>.
+%%
+%% @see c_cons/2
+%% @see c_nil/1
+%% @see is_c_list/1
+%% @see list_length/1
+%% @see make_list/2
+
+-spec list_elements(c_cons() | c_literal()) -> [cerl()].
+
+list_elements(#c_cons{hd = Head, tl = Tail}) ->
+ [Head | list_elements(Tail)];
+list_elements(#c_literal{val = V}) ->
+ abstract_list(V).
+
+abstract_list([X | Xs]) ->
+ [abstract(X) | abstract_list(Xs)];
+abstract_list([]) ->
+ [].
+
+
+%% @spec list_length(Node::cerl()) -> integer()
+%%
+%% @doc Returns the number of element subtrees of an abstract list.
+%% <code>Node</code> must represent a proper list. E.g., if
+%% <code>Node</code> represents "<code>[X1 | [X2, X3 | [X4, X5,
+%% X6]]]</code>", then <code>list_length(Node)</code> returns the
+%% integer 6.
+%%
+%% <p>Note: this is equivalent to
+%% <code>length(list_elements(Node))</code>, but potentially more
+%% efficient.</p>
+%%
+%% @see c_cons/2
+%% @see c_nil/1
+%% @see is_c_list/1
+%% @see list_elements/1
+
+-spec list_length(c_cons() | c_literal()) -> non_neg_integer().
+
+list_length(L) ->
+ list_length(L, 0).
+
+list_length(#c_cons{tl = Tail}, A) ->
+ list_length(Tail, A + 1);
+list_length(#c_literal{val = V}, A) ->
+ A + length(V).
+
+
+%% @spec make_list(List) -> Node
+%% @equiv make_list(List, none)
+
+-spec make_list([cerl()]) -> cerl().
+
+make_list(List) ->
+ ann_make_list([], List).
+
+
+%% @spec make_list(List::[cerl()], Tail) -> cerl()
+%%
+%% Tail = cerl() | none
+%%
+%% @doc Creates an abstract list from the elements in <code>List</code>
+%% and the optional <code>Tail</code>. If <code>Tail</code> is
+%% <code>none</code>, the result will represent a nil-terminated list,
+%% otherwise it represents "<code>[... | <em>Tail</em>]</code>".
+%%
+%% @see c_cons/2
+%% @see c_nil/0
+%% @see ann_make_list/3
+%% @see update_list/3
+%% @see list_elements/1
+
+-spec make_list([cerl()], cerl() | 'none') -> cerl().
+
+make_list(List, Tail) ->
+ ann_make_list([], List, Tail).
+
+
+%% @spec update_list(Old::cerl(), List::[cerl()]) -> cerl()
+%% @equiv update_list(Old, List, none)
+
+-spec update_list(cerl(), [cerl()]) -> cerl().
+
+update_list(Node, List) ->
+ ann_make_list(get_ann(Node), List).
+
+
+%% @spec update_list(Old::cerl(), List::[cerl()], Tail) -> cerl()
+%%
+%% Tail = cerl() | none
+%%
+%% @see make_list/2
+%% @see update_list/2
+
+-spec update_list(cerl(), [cerl()], cerl() | 'none') -> cerl().
+
+update_list(Node, List, Tail) ->
+ ann_make_list(get_ann(Node), List, Tail).
+
+
+%% @spec ann_make_list(As::[term()], List::[cerl()]) -> cerl()
+%% @equiv ann_make_list(As, List, none)
+
+-spec ann_make_list([term()], [cerl()]) -> cerl().
+
+ann_make_list(As, List) ->
+ ann_make_list(As, List, none).
+
+
+%% @spec ann_make_list(As::[term()], List::[cerl()], Tail) -> cerl()
+%%
+%% Tail = cerl() | none
+%%
+%% @see make_list/2
+%% @see ann_make_list/2
+
+-spec ann_make_list([term()], [cerl()], cerl() | 'none') -> cerl().
+
+ann_make_list(As, [H | T], Tail) ->
+ ann_c_cons(As, H, make_list(T, Tail)); % `c_cons' folds literals
+ann_make_list(As, [], none) ->
+ ann_c_nil(As);
+ann_make_list(_, [], Node) ->
+ Node.
+
+
+%% ---------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+%% @spec c_tuple(Elements::[cerl()]) -> cerl()
+%%
+%% @doc Creates an abstract tuple. If <code>Elements</code> is
+%% <code>[E1, ..., En]</code>, the result represents
+%% "<code>{<em>E1</em>, ..., <em>En</em>}</code>". Note that if all
+%% nodes in <code>Elements</code> have type <code>literal</code>, or if
+%% <code>Elements</code> is empty, then the result will also have type
+%% <code>literal</code> and annotations on nodes in
+%% <code>Elements</code> are lost.
+%%
+%% <p>Recall that Erlang has distinct 1-tuples, i.e., <code>{X}</code>
+%% is always distinct from <code>X</code> itself.</p>
+%%
+%% @see ann_c_tuple/2
+%% @see update_c_tuple/2
+%% @see is_c_tuple/1
+%% @see tuple_es/1
+%% @see tuple_arity/1
+%% @see c_tuple_skel/1
+
+%% *Always* collapse literals.
+
+-spec c_tuple([cerl()]) -> c_tuple() | c_literal().
+
+c_tuple(Es) ->
+ case is_lit_list(Es) of
+ false ->
+ #c_tuple{es = Es};
+ true ->
+ #c_literal{val = list_to_tuple(lit_list_vals(Es))}
+ end.
+
+
+%% @spec ann_c_tuple(As::[term()], Elements::[cerl()]) -> cerl()
+%% @see c_tuple/1
+
+-spec ann_c_tuple([term()], [cerl()]) -> c_tuple() | c_literal().
+
+ann_c_tuple(As, Es) ->
+ case is_lit_list(Es) of
+ false ->
+ #c_tuple{es = Es, anno = As};
+ true ->
+ #c_literal{val = list_to_tuple(lit_list_vals(Es)), anno = As}
+ end.
+
+
+%% @spec update_c_tuple(Old::cerl(), Elements::[cerl()]) -> cerl()
+%% @see c_tuple/1
+
+-spec update_c_tuple(c_tuple() | c_literal(), [cerl()]) -> c_tuple() | c_literal().
+
+update_c_tuple(Node, Es) ->
+ case is_lit_list(Es) of
+ false ->
+ #c_tuple{es = Es, anno = get_ann(Node)};
+ true ->
+ #c_literal{val = list_to_tuple(lit_list_vals(Es)),
+ anno = get_ann(Node)}
+ end.
+
+
+%% @spec c_tuple_skel(Elements::[cerl()]) -> cerl()
+%%
+%% @doc Creates an abstract tuple skeleton. Does not fold constant
+%% literals, i.e., the result always has type <code>tuple</code>,
+%% representing "<code>{<em>E1</em>, ..., <em>En</em>}</code>", if
+%% <code>Elements</code> is <code>[E1, ..., En]</code>.
+%%
+%% <p>This function is occasionally useful when it is necessary to have
+%% annotations on the subnodes of a tuple node, even when all the
+%% subnodes are constant literals. Note however that
+%% <code>is_literal/1</code> will yield <code>false</code> and
+%% <code>concrete/1</code> will fail if passed the result from this
+%% function.</p>
+%%
+%% <p><code>fold_literal/1</code> can be used to revert a node to the
+%% normal-form representation.</p>
+%%
+%% @see ann_c_tuple_skel/2
+%% @see update_c_tuple_skel/2
+%% @see c_tuple/1
+%% @see tuple_es/1
+%% @see is_c_tuple/1
+%% @see is_literal/1
+%% @see fold_literal/1
+%% @see concrete/1
+
+%% *Never* collapse literals.
+
+-spec c_tuple_skel([cerl()]) -> c_tuple().
+
+c_tuple_skel(Es) ->
+ #c_tuple{es = Es}.
+
+
+%% @spec ann_c_tuple_skel(As::[term()], Elements::[cerl()]) -> cerl()
+%% @see c_tuple_skel/1
+
+-spec ann_c_tuple_skel([term()], [cerl()]) -> c_tuple().
+
+ann_c_tuple_skel(As, Es) ->
+ #c_tuple{es = Es, anno = As}.
+
+
+%% @spec update_c_tuple_skel(Old::cerl(), Elements::[cerl()]) -> cerl()
+%% @see c_tuple_skel/1
+
+-spec update_c_tuple_skel(c_tuple(), [cerl()]) -> c_tuple().
+
+update_c_tuple_skel(Old, Es) ->
+ #c_tuple{es = Es, anno = get_ann(Old)}.
+
+
+%% @spec is_c_tuple(Node::cerl()) -> boolean()
+%%
+%% @doc Returns <code>true</code> if <code>Node</code> is an abstract
+%% tuple, otherwise <code>false</code>.
+%%
+%% @see c_tuple/1
+
+-spec is_c_tuple(cerl()) -> boolean().
+
+is_c_tuple(#c_tuple{}) ->
+ true;
+is_c_tuple(#c_literal{val = V}) when is_tuple(V) ->
+ true;
+is_c_tuple(_) ->
+ false.
+
+
+%% @spec tuple_es(cerl()) -> [cerl()]
+%%
+%% @doc Returns the list of element subtrees of an abstract tuple.
+%%
+%% @see c_tuple/1
+
+-spec tuple_es(c_tuple() | c_literal()) -> [cerl()].
+
+tuple_es(#c_tuple{es = Es}) ->
+ Es;
+tuple_es(#c_literal{val = V}) ->
+ make_lit_list(tuple_to_list(V)).
+
+
+%% @spec tuple_arity(Node::cerl()) -> integer()
+%%
+%% @doc Returns the number of element subtrees of an abstract tuple.
+%%
+%% <p>Note: this is equivalent to <code>length(tuple_es(Node))</code>,
+%% but potentially more efficient.</p>
+%%
+%% @see tuple_es/1
+%% @see c_tuple/1
+
+-spec tuple_arity(c_tuple() | c_literal()) -> non_neg_integer().
+
+tuple_arity(#c_tuple{es = Es}) ->
+ length(Es);
+tuple_arity(#c_literal{val = V}) when is_tuple(V) ->
+ tuple_size(V).
+
+
+%% ---------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+%% @spec c_var(Name::var_name()) -> cerl()
+%%
+%% var_name() = integer() | atom() | {atom(), integer()}
+%%
+%% @doc Creates an abstract variable. A variable is identified by its
+%% name, given by the <code>Name</code> parameter.
+%%
+%% <p>If a name is given by a single atom, it should either be a
+%% "simple" atom which does not need to be single-quoted in Erlang, or
+%% otherwise its print name should correspond to a proper Erlang
+%% variable, i.e., begin with an uppercase character or an
+%% underscore. Names on the form <code>{A, N}</code> represent
+%% function name variables "<code><em>A</em>/<em>N</em></code>"; these
+%% are special variables which may be bound only in the function
+%% definitions of a module or a <code>letrec</code>. They may not be
+%% bound in <code>let</code> expressions and cannot occur in clause
+%% patterns. The atom <code>A</code> in a function name may be any
+%% atom; the integer <code>N</code> must be nonnegative. The functions
+%% <code>c_fname/2</code> etc. are utilities for handling function
+%% name variables.</p>
+%%
+%% <p>When printing variable names, they must have the form of proper
+%% Core Erlang variables and function names. E.g., a name represented
+%% by an integer such as <code>42</code> could be formatted as
+%% "<code>_42</code>", an atom <code>'Xxx'</code> simply as
+%% "<code>Xxx</code>", and an atom <code>foo</code> as
+%% "<code>_foo</code>". However, one must assure that any two valid
+%% distinct names are never mapped to the same strings. Tuples such
+%% as <code>{foo, 2}</code> representing function names can simply by
+%% formatted as "<code>'foo'/2</code>", with no risk of conflicts.</p>
+%%
+%% @see ann_c_var/2
+%% @see update_c_var/2
+%% @see is_c_var/1
+%% @see var_name/1
+%% @see c_fname/2
+%% @see c_module/4
+%% @see c_letrec/2
+
+-spec c_var(var_name()) -> c_var().
+
+c_var(Name) ->
+ #c_var{name = Name}.
+
+
+%% @spec ann_c_var(As::[term()], Name::var_name()) -> cerl()
+%%
+%% @see c_var/1
+
+-spec ann_c_var([term()], var_name()) -> c_var().
+
+ann_c_var(As, Name) ->
+ #c_var{name = Name, anno = As}.
+
+%% @spec update_c_var(Old::cerl(), Name::var_name()) -> cerl()
+%%
+%% @see c_var/1
+
+-spec update_c_var(c_var(), var_name()) -> c_var().
+
+update_c_var(Node, Name) ->
+ #c_var{name = Name, anno = get_ann(Node)}.
+
+
+%% @spec is_c_var(Node::cerl()) -> boolean()
+%%
+%% @doc Returns <code>true</code> if <code>Node</code> is an abstract
+%% variable, otherwise <code>false</code>.
+%%
+%% @see c_var/1
+
+-spec is_c_var(cerl()) -> boolean().
+
+is_c_var(#c_var{}) ->
+ true;
+is_c_var(_) ->
+ false.
+
+
+%% @spec c_fname(Name::atom(), Arity::integer()) -> cerl()
+%% @equiv c_var({Name, Arity})
+%% @see fname_id/1
+%% @see fname_arity/1
+%% @see is_c_fname/1
+%% @see ann_c_fname/3
+%% @see update_c_fname/3
+
+-spec c_fname(atom(), non_neg_integer()) -> c_var().
+
+c_fname(Atom, Arity) ->
+ c_var({Atom, Arity}).
+
+
+%% @spec ann_c_fname(As::[term()], Name::atom(), Arity::integer()) ->
+%% cerl()
+%% @equiv ann_c_var(As, {Atom, Arity})
+%% @see c_fname/2
+
+-spec ann_c_fname([term()], atom(), non_neg_integer()) -> c_var().
+
+ann_c_fname(As, Atom, Arity) ->
+ ann_c_var(As, {Atom, Arity}).
+
+
+%% @spec update_c_fname(Old::cerl(), Name::atom()) -> cerl()
+%% @doc Like <code>update_c_fname/3</code>, but takes the arity from
+%% <code>Node</code>.
+%% @see update_c_fname/3
+%% @see c_fname/2
+
+-spec update_c_fname(c_var(), atom()) -> c_var().
+
+update_c_fname(#c_var{name = {_, Arity}, anno = As}, Atom) ->
+ #c_var{name = {Atom, Arity}, anno = As}.
+
+
+%% @spec update_c_fname(Old::cerl(), Name::atom(), Arity::integer()) ->
+%% cerl()
+%% @equiv update_c_var(Old, {Atom, Arity})
+%% @see update_c_fname/2
+%% @see c_fname/2
+
+-spec update_c_fname(c_var(), atom(), integer()) -> c_var().
+
+update_c_fname(Node, Atom, Arity) ->
+ update_c_var(Node, {Atom, Arity}).
+
+
+%% @spec is_c_fname(Node::cerl()) -> boolean()
+%%
+%% @doc Returns <code>true</code> if <code>Node</code> is an abstract
+%% function name variable, otherwise <code>false</code>.
+%%
+%% @see c_fname/2
+%% @see c_var/1
+%% @see c_var_name/1
+
+-spec is_c_fname(cerl()) -> boolean().
+
+is_c_fname(#c_var{name = {A, N}}) when is_atom(A), is_integer(N), N >= 0 ->
+ true;
+is_c_fname(_) ->
+ false.
+
+
+%% @spec var_name(cerl()) -> var_name()
+%%
+%% @doc Returns the name of an abstract variable.
+%%
+%% @see c_var/1
+
+-spec var_name(c_var()) -> var_name().
+
+var_name(Node) ->
+ Node#c_var.name.
+
+
+%% @spec fname_id(cerl()) -> atom()
+%%
+%% @doc Returns the identifier part of an abstract function name
+%% variable.
+%%
+%% @see fname_arity/1
+%% @see c_fname/2
+
+-spec fname_id(c_var()) -> atom().
+
+fname_id(#c_var{name={A,_}}) ->
+ A.
+
+
+%% @spec fname_arity(cerl()) -> byte()
+%%
+%% @doc Returns the arity part of an abstract function name variable.
+%%
+%% @see fname_id/1
+%% @see c_fname/2
+
+-spec fname_arity(c_var()) -> byte().
+
+fname_arity(#c_var{name={_,N}}) ->
+ N.
+
+
+%% ---------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+%% @spec c_values(Elements::[cerl()]) -> cerl()
+%%
+%% @doc Creates an abstract value list. If <code>Elements</code> is
+%% <code>[E1, ..., En]</code>, the result represents
+%% "<code>&lt;<em>E1</em>, ..., <em>En</em>&gt;</code>".
+%%
+%% @see ann_c_values/2
+%% @see update_c_values/2
+%% @see is_c_values/1
+%% @see values_es/1
+%% @see values_arity/1
+
+-spec c_values([cerl()]) -> c_values().
+
+c_values(Es) ->
+ #c_values{es = Es}.
+
+
+%% @spec ann_c_values(As::[term()], Elements::[cerl()]) -> cerl()
+%% @see c_values/1
+
+-spec ann_c_values([term()], [cerl()]) -> c_values().
+
+ann_c_values(As, Es) ->
+ #c_values{es = Es, anno = As}.
+
+
+%% @spec update_c_values(Old::cerl(), Elements::[cerl()]) -> cerl()
+%% @see c_values/1
+
+-spec update_c_values(c_values(), [cerl()]) -> c_values().
+
+update_c_values(Node, Es) ->
+ #c_values{es = Es, anno = get_ann(Node)}.
+
+
+%% @spec is_c_values(Node::cerl()) -> boolean()
+%%
+%% @doc Returns <code>true</code> if <code>Node</code> is an abstract
+%% value list; otherwise <code>false</code>.
+%%
+%% @see c_values/1
+
+-spec is_c_values(cerl()) -> boolean().
+
+is_c_values(#c_values{}) ->
+ true;
+is_c_values(_) ->
+ false.
+
+
+%% @spec values_es(cerl()) -> [cerl()]
+%%
+%% @doc Returns the list of element subtrees of an abstract value
+%% list.
+%%
+%% @see c_values/1
+%% @see values_arity/1
+
+-spec values_es(c_values()) -> [cerl()].
+
+values_es(Node) ->
+ Node#c_values.es.
+
+
+%% @spec values_arity(Node::cerl()) -> integer()
+%%
+%% @doc Returns the number of element subtrees of an abstract value
+%% list.
+%%
+%% <p>Note: This is equivalent to
+%% <code>length(values_es(Node))</code>, but potentially more
+%% efficient.</p>
+%%
+%% @see c_values/1
+%% @see values_es/1
+
+-spec values_arity(c_values()) -> non_neg_integer().
+
+values_arity(Node) ->
+ length(values_es(Node)).
+
+
+%% ---------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+%% @spec c_binary(Segments::[cerl()]) -> cerl()
+%%
+%% @doc Creates an abstract binary-template. A binary object is a
+%% sequence of 8-bit bytes. It is specified by zero or more bit-string
+%% template <em>segments</em> of arbitrary lengths (in number of bits),
+%% such that the sum of the lengths is evenly divisible by 8. If
+%% <code>Segments</code> is <code>[S1, ..., Sn]</code>, the result
+%% represents "<code>#{<em>S1</em>, ..., <em>Sn</em>}#</code>". All the
+%% <code>Si</code> must have type <code>bitstr</code>.
+%%
+%% @see ann_c_binary/2
+%% @see update_c_binary/2
+%% @see is_c_binary/1
+%% @see binary_segments/1
+%% @see c_bitstr/5
+
+-spec c_binary([cerl()]) -> c_binary().
+
+c_binary(Segments) ->
+ #c_binary{segments = Segments}.
+
+
+%% @spec ann_c_binary(As::[term()], Segments::[cerl()]) -> cerl()
+%% @see c_binary/1
+
+-spec ann_c_binary([term()], [cerl()]) -> c_binary().
+
+ann_c_binary(As, Segments) ->
+ #c_binary{segments = Segments, anno = As}.
+
+
+%% @spec update_c_binary(Old::cerl(), Segments::[cerl()]) -> cerl()
+%% @see c_binary/1
+
+-spec update_c_binary(c_binary(), [cerl()]) -> c_binary().
+
+update_c_binary(Node, Segments) ->
+ #c_binary{segments = Segments, anno = get_ann(Node)}.
+
+
+%% @spec is_c_binary(Node::cerl()) -> boolean()
+%%
+%% @doc Returns <code>true</code> if <code>Node</code> is an abstract
+%% binary-template; otherwise <code>false</code>.
+%%
+%% @see c_binary/1
+
+-spec is_c_binary(cerl()) -> boolean().
+
+is_c_binary(#c_binary{}) ->
+ true;
+is_c_binary(_) ->
+ false.
+
+
+%% @spec binary_segments(cerl()) -> [cerl()]
+%%
+%% @doc Returns the list of segment subtrees of an abstract
+%% binary-template.
+%%
+%% @see c_binary/1
+%% @see c_bitstr/5
+
+-spec binary_segments(c_binary()) -> [cerl()].
+
+binary_segments(Node) ->
+ Node#c_binary.segments.
+
+
+%% @spec c_bitstr(Value::cerl(), Size::cerl(), Unit::cerl(),
+%% Type::cerl(), Flags::cerl()) -> cerl()
+%%
+%% @doc Creates an abstract bit-string template. These can only occur as
+%% components of an abstract binary-template (see {@link c_binary/1}).
+%% The result represents "<code>#&lt;<em>Value</em>&gt;(<em>Size</em>,
+%% <em>Unit</em>, <em>Type</em>, <em>Flags</em>)</code>", where
+%% <code>Unit</code> must represent a positive integer constant,
+%% <code>Type</code> must represent a constant atom (one of
+%% <code>'integer'</code>, <code>'float'</code>, or
+%% <code>'binary'</code>), and <code>Flags</code> must represent a
+%% constant list <code>"[<em>F1</em>, ..., <em>Fn</em>]"</code> where
+%% all the <code>Fi</code> are atoms.
+%%
+%% @see c_binary/1
+%% @see ann_c_bitstr/6
+%% @see update_c_bitstr/6
+%% @see is_c_bitstr/1
+%% @see bitstr_val/1
+%% @see bitstr_size/1
+%% @see bitstr_unit/1
+%% @see bitstr_type/1
+%% @see bitstr_flags/1
+
+-spec c_bitstr(cerl(), cerl(), cerl(), cerl(), cerl()) -> c_bitstr().
+
+c_bitstr(Val, Size, Unit, Type, Flags) ->
+ #c_bitstr{val = Val, size = Size, unit = Unit, type = Type,
+ flags = Flags}.
+
+
+%% @spec c_bitstr(Value::cerl(), Size::cerl(), Type::cerl(),
+%% Flags::cerl()) -> cerl()
+%% @equiv c_bitstr(Value, Size, abstract(1), Type, Flags)
+
+-spec c_bitstr(cerl(), cerl(), cerl(), cerl()) -> c_bitstr().
+
+c_bitstr(Val, Size, Type, Flags) ->
+ c_bitstr(Val, Size, abstract(1), Type, Flags).
+
+
+%% @spec c_bitstr(Value::cerl(), Type::cerl(),
+%% Flags::cerl()) -> cerl()
+%% @equiv c_bitstr(Value, abstract(all), abstract(1), Type, Flags)
+
+-spec c_bitstr(cerl(), cerl(), cerl()) -> c_bitstr().
+
+c_bitstr(Val, Type, Flags) ->
+ c_bitstr(Val, abstract(all), abstract(1), Type, Flags).
+
+
+%% @spec ann_c_bitstr(As::[term()], Value::cerl(), Size::cerl(),
+%% Unit::cerl(), Type::cerl(), Flags::cerl()) -> cerl()
+%% @see c_bitstr/5
+%% @see ann_c_bitstr/5
+
+-spec ann_c_bitstr([term()], cerl(), cerl(), cerl(), cerl(), cerl()) ->
+ c_bitstr().
+
+ann_c_bitstr(As, Val, Size, Unit, Type, Flags) ->
+ #c_bitstr{val = Val, size = Size, unit = Unit, type = Type,
+ flags = Flags, anno = As}.
+
+%% @spec ann_c_bitstr(As::[term()], Value::cerl(), Size::cerl(),
+%% Type::cerl(), Flags::cerl()) -> cerl()
+%% @equiv ann_c_bitstr(As, Value, Size, abstract(1), Type, Flags)
+
+-spec ann_c_bitstr([term()], cerl(), cerl(), cerl(), cerl()) -> c_bitstr().
+
+ann_c_bitstr(As, Value, Size, Type, Flags) ->
+ ann_c_bitstr(As, Value, Size, abstract(1), Type, Flags).
+
+
+%% @spec update_c_bitstr(Old::cerl(), Value::cerl(), Size::cerl(),
+%% Unit::cerl(), Type::cerl(), Flags::cerl()) -> cerl()
+%% @see c_bitstr/5
+%% @see update_c_bitstr/5
+
+-spec update_c_bitstr(c_bitstr(), cerl(), cerl(), cerl(), cerl(), cerl()) ->
+ c_bitstr().
+
+update_c_bitstr(Node, Val, Size, Unit, Type, Flags) ->
+ #c_bitstr{val = Val, size = Size, unit = Unit, type = Type,
+ flags = Flags, anno = get_ann(Node)}.
+
+
+%% @spec update_c_bitstr(Old::cerl(), Value::cerl(), Size::cerl(),
+%% Type::cerl(), Flags::cerl()) -> cerl()
+%% @equiv update_c_bitstr(Node, Value, Size, abstract(1), Type, Flags)
+
+-spec update_c_bitstr(c_bitstr(), cerl(), cerl(), cerl(), cerl()) -> c_bitstr().
+
+update_c_bitstr(Node, Value, Size, Type, Flags) ->
+ update_c_bitstr(Node, Value, Size, abstract(1), Type, Flags).
+
+%% @spec is_c_bitstr(Node::cerl()) -> boolean()
+%%
+%% @doc Returns <code>true</code> if <code>Node</code> is an abstract
+%% bit-string template; otherwise <code>false</code>.
+%%
+%% @see c_bitstr/5
+
+-spec is_c_bitstr(cerl()) -> boolean().
+
+is_c_bitstr(#c_bitstr{}) ->
+ true;
+is_c_bitstr(_) ->
+ false.
+
+
+%% @spec bitstr_val(cerl()) -> cerl()
+%%
+%% @doc Returns the value subtree of an abstract bit-string template.
+%%
+%% @see c_bitstr/5
+
+-spec bitstr_val(c_bitstr()) -> cerl().
+
+bitstr_val(Node) ->
+ Node#c_bitstr.val.
+
+
+%% @spec bitstr_size(cerl()) -> cerl()
+%%
+%% @doc Returns the size subtree of an abstract bit-string template.
+%%
+%% @see c_bitstr/5
+
+-spec bitstr_size(c_bitstr()) -> cerl().
+
+bitstr_size(Node) ->
+ Node#c_bitstr.size.
+
+
+%% @spec bitstr_bitsize(cerl()) -> any | all | utf | integer()
+%%
+%% @doc Returns the total size in bits of an abstract bit-string
+%% template. If the size field is an integer literal, the result is the
+%% product of the size and unit values; if the size field is the atom
+%% literal <code>all</code>, the atom <code>all</code> is returned.
+%% If the size is not a literal, the atom <code>any</code> is returned.
+%%
+%% @see c_bitstr/5
+
+-spec bitstr_bitsize(c_bitstr()) -> 'all' | 'any' | 'utf' | non_neg_integer().
+
+bitstr_bitsize(Node) ->
+ Size = Node#c_bitstr.size,
+ case is_literal(Size) of
+ true ->
+ case concrete(Size) of
+ all ->
+ all;
+ undefined ->
+ %% just an assertion below
+ "utf" ++ _ = atom_to_list(concrete(Node#c_bitstr.type)),
+ utf;
+ S when is_integer(S) ->
+ S * concrete(Node#c_bitstr.unit)
+ end;
+ false ->
+ any
+ end.
+
+
+%% @spec bitstr_unit(cerl()) -> cerl()
+%%
+%% @doc Returns the unit subtree of an abstract bit-string template.
+%%
+%% @see c_bitstr/5
+
+-spec bitstr_unit(c_bitstr()) -> cerl().
+
+bitstr_unit(Node) ->
+ Node#c_bitstr.unit.
+
+
+%% @spec bitstr_type(cerl()) -> cerl()
+%%
+%% @doc Returns the type subtree of an abstract bit-string template.
+%%
+%% @see c_bitstr/5
+
+-spec bitstr_type(c_bitstr()) -> cerl().
+
+bitstr_type(Node) ->
+ Node#c_bitstr.type.
+
+
+%% @spec bitstr_flags(cerl()) -> cerl()
+%%
+%% @doc Returns the flags subtree of an abstract bit-string template.
+%%
+%% @see c_bitstr/5
+
+-spec bitstr_flags(c_bitstr()) -> cerl().
+
+bitstr_flags(Node) ->
+ Node#c_bitstr.flags.
+
+
+%% ---------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+%% @spec c_fun(Variables::[cerl()], Body::cerl()) -> cerl()
+%%
+%% @doc Creates an abstract fun-expression. If <code>Variables</code>
+%% is <code>[V1, ..., Vn]</code>, the result represents "<code>fun
+%% (<em>V1</em>, ..., <em>Vn</em>) -> <em>Body</em></code>". All the
+%% <code>Vi</code> must have type <code>var</code>.
+%%
+%% @see ann_c_fun/3
+%% @see update_c_fun/3
+%% @see is_c_fun/1
+%% @see fun_vars/1
+%% @see fun_body/1
+%% @see fun_arity/1
+
+-spec c_fun([cerl()], cerl()) -> c_fun().
+
+c_fun(Variables, Body) ->
+ #c_fun{vars = Variables, body = Body}.
+
+
+%% @spec ann_c_fun(As::[term()], Variables::[cerl()], Body::cerl()) ->
+%% cerl()
+%% @see c_fun/2
+
+-spec ann_c_fun([term()], [cerl()], cerl()) -> c_fun().
+
+ann_c_fun(As, Variables, Body) ->
+ #c_fun{vars = Variables, body = Body, anno = As}.
+
+
+%% @spec update_c_fun(Old::cerl(), Variables::[cerl()],
+%% Body::cerl()) -> cerl()
+%% @see c_fun/2
+
+-spec update_c_fun(c_fun(), [cerl()], cerl()) -> c_fun().
+
+update_c_fun(Node, Variables, Body) ->
+ #c_fun{vars = Variables, body = Body, anno = get_ann(Node)}.
+
+
+%% @spec is_c_fun(Node::cerl()) -> boolean()
+%%
+%% @doc Returns <code>true</code> if <code>Node</code> is an abstract
+%% fun-expression, otherwise <code>false</code>.
+%%
+%% @see c_fun/2
+
+-spec is_c_fun(cerl()) -> boolean().
+
+is_c_fun(#c_fun{}) ->
+ true; % Now this is fun!
+is_c_fun(_) ->
+ false.
+
+
+%% @spec fun_vars(cerl()) -> [cerl()]
+%%
+%% @doc Returns the list of parameter subtrees of an abstract
+%% fun-expression.
+%%
+%% @see c_fun/2
+%% @see fun_arity/1
+
+-spec fun_vars(c_fun()) -> [cerl()].
+
+fun_vars(Node) ->
+ Node#c_fun.vars.
+
+
+%% @spec fun_body(cerl()) -> cerl()
+%%
+%% @doc Returns the body subtree of an abstract fun-expression.
+%%
+%% @see c_fun/2
+
+-spec fun_body(c_fun()) -> cerl().
+
+fun_body(Node) ->
+ Node#c_fun.body.
+
+
+%% @spec fun_arity(Node::cerl()) -> integer()
+%%
+%% @doc Returns the number of parameter subtrees of an abstract
+%% fun-expression.
+%%
+%% <p>Note: this is equivalent to <code>length(fun_vars(Node))</code>,
+%% but potentially more efficient.</p>
+%%
+%% @see c_fun/2
+%% @see fun_vars/1
+
+-spec fun_arity(c_fun()) -> non_neg_integer().
+
+fun_arity(Node) ->
+ length(fun_vars(Node)).
+
+
+%% ---------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+%% @spec c_seq(Argument::cerl(), Body::cerl()) -> cerl()
+%%
+%% @doc Creates an abstract sequencing expression. The result
+%% represents "<code>do <em>Argument</em> <em>Body</em></code>".
+%%
+%% @see ann_c_seq/3
+%% @see update_c_seq/3
+%% @see is_c_seq/1
+%% @see seq_arg/1
+%% @see seq_body/1
+
+-spec c_seq(cerl(), cerl()) -> c_seq().
+
+c_seq(Argument, Body) ->
+ #c_seq{arg = Argument, body = Body}.
+
+
+%% @spec ann_c_seq(As::[term()], Argument::cerl(), Body::cerl()) ->
+%% cerl()
+%% @see c_seq/2
+
+-spec ann_c_seq([term()], cerl(), cerl()) -> c_seq().
+
+ann_c_seq(As, Argument, Body) ->
+ #c_seq{arg = Argument, body = Body, anno = As}.
+
+
+%% @spec update_c_seq(Old::cerl(), Argument::cerl(), Body::cerl()) ->
+%% cerl()
+%% @see c_seq/2
+
+-spec update_c_seq(c_seq(), cerl(), cerl()) -> c_seq().
+
+update_c_seq(Node, Argument, Body) ->
+ #c_seq{arg = Argument, body = Body, anno = get_ann(Node)}.
+
+
+%% @spec is_c_seq(Node::cerl()) -> boolean()
+%%
+%% @doc Returns <code>true</code> if <code>Node</code> is an abstract
+%% sequencing expression, otherwise <code>false</code>.
+%%
+%% @see c_seq/2
+
+-spec is_c_seq(cerl()) -> boolean().
+
+is_c_seq(#c_seq{}) ->
+ true;
+is_c_seq(_) ->
+ false.
+
+
+%% @spec seq_arg(cerl()) -> cerl()
+%%
+%% @doc Returns the argument subtree of an abstract sequencing
+%% expression.
+%%
+%% @see c_seq/2
+
+-spec seq_arg(c_seq()) -> cerl().
+
+seq_arg(Node) ->
+ Node#c_seq.arg.
+
+
+%% @spec seq_body(cerl()) -> cerl()
+%%
+%% @doc Returns the body subtree of an abstract sequencing expression.
+%%
+%% @see c_seq/2
+
+-spec seq_body(c_seq()) -> cerl().
+
+seq_body(Node) ->
+ Node#c_seq.body.
+
+
+%% ---------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+%% @spec c_let(Variables::[cerl()], Argument::cerl(), Body::cerl()) ->
+%% cerl()
+%%
+%% @doc Creates an abstract let-expression. If <code>Variables</code>
+%% is <code>[V1, ..., Vn]</code>, the result represents "<code>let
+%% &lt;<em>V1</em>, ..., <em>Vn</em>&gt; = <em>Argument</em> in
+%% <em>Body</em></code>". All the <code>Vi</code> must have type
+%% <code>var</code>.
+%%
+%% @see ann_c_let/4
+%% @see update_c_let/4
+%% @see is_c_let/1
+%% @see let_vars/1
+%% @see let_arg/1
+%% @see let_body/1
+%% @see let_arity/1
+
+-spec c_let([cerl()], cerl(), cerl()) -> c_let().
+
+c_let(Variables, Argument, Body) ->
+ #c_let{vars = Variables, arg = Argument, body = Body}.
+
+
+%% ann_c_let(As, Variables, Argument, Body) -> Node
+%% @see c_let/3
+
+-spec ann_c_let([term()], [cerl()], cerl(), cerl()) -> c_let().
+
+ann_c_let(As, Variables, Argument, Body) ->
+ #c_let{vars = Variables, arg = Argument, body = Body, anno = As}.
+
+
+%% update_c_let(Old, Variables, Argument, Body) -> Node
+%% @see c_let/3
+
+-spec update_c_let(c_let(), [cerl()], cerl(), cerl()) -> c_let().
+
+update_c_let(Node, Variables, Argument, Body) ->
+ #c_let{vars = Variables, arg = Argument, body = Body,
+ anno = get_ann(Node)}.
+
+
+%% @spec is_c_let(Node::cerl()) -> boolean()
+%%
+%% @doc Returns <code>true</code> if <code>Node</code> is an abstract
+%% let-expression, otherwise <code>false</code>.
+%%
+%% @see c_let/3
+
+-spec is_c_let(cerl()) -> boolean().
+
+is_c_let(#c_let{}) ->
+ true;
+is_c_let(_) ->
+ false.
+
+
+%% @spec let_vars(cerl()) -> [cerl()]
+%%
+%% @doc Returns the list of left-hand side variables of an abstract
+%% let-expression.
+%%
+%% @see c_let/3
+%% @see let_arity/1
+
+-spec let_vars(c_let()) -> [cerl()].
+
+let_vars(Node) ->
+ Node#c_let.vars.
+
+
+%% @spec let_arg(cerl()) -> cerl()
+%%
+%% @doc Returns the argument subtree of an abstract let-expression.
+%%
+%% @see c_let/3
+
+-spec let_arg(c_let()) -> cerl().
+
+let_arg(Node) ->
+ Node#c_let.arg.
+
+
+%% @spec let_body(cerl()) -> cerl()
+%%
+%% @doc Returns the body subtree of an abstract let-expression.
+%%
+%% @see c_let/3
+
+-spec let_body(c_let()) -> cerl().
+
+let_body(Node) ->
+ Node#c_let.body.
+
+
+%% @spec let_arity(Node::cerl()) -> integer()
+%%
+%% @doc Returns the number of left-hand side variables of an abstract
+%% let-expression.
+%%
+%% <p>Note: this is equivalent to <code>length(let_vars(Node))</code>,
+%% but potentially more efficient.</p>
+%%
+%% @see c_let/3
+%% @see let_vars/1
+
+-spec let_arity(c_let()) -> non_neg_integer().
+
+let_arity(Node) ->
+ length(let_vars(Node)).
+
+
+%% ---------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+%% @spec c_letrec(Definitions::[{cerl(), cerl()}], Body::cerl()) ->
+%% cerl()
+%%
+%% @doc Creates an abstract letrec-expression. If
+%% <code>Definitions</code> is <code>[{V1, F1}, ..., {Vn, Fn}]</code>,
+%% the result represents "<code>letrec <em>V1</em> = <em>F1</em>
+%% ... <em>Vn</em> = <em>Fn</em> in <em>Body</em></code>. All the
+%% <code>Vi</code> must have type <code>var</code> and represent
+%% function names. All the <code>Fi</code> must have type
+%% <code>'fun'</code>.
+%%
+%% @see ann_c_letrec/3
+%% @see update_c_letrec/3
+%% @see is_c_letrec/1
+%% @see letrec_defs/1
+%% @see letrec_body/1
+%% @see letrec_vars/1
+
+-spec c_letrec([{cerl(), cerl()}], cerl()) -> c_letrec().
+
+c_letrec(Defs, Body) ->
+ #c_letrec{defs = Defs, body = Body}.
+
+
+%% @spec ann_c_letrec(As::[term()], Definitions::[{cerl(), cerl()}],
+%% Body::cerl()) -> cerl()
+%% @see c_letrec/2
+
+-spec ann_c_letrec([term()], [{cerl(), cerl()}], cerl()) -> c_letrec().
+
+ann_c_letrec(As, Defs, Body) ->
+ #c_letrec{defs = Defs, body = Body, anno = As}.
+
+
+%% @spec update_c_letrec(Old::cerl(),
+%% Definitions::[{cerl(), cerl()}],
+%% Body::cerl()) -> cerl()
+%% @see c_letrec/2
+
+-spec update_c_letrec(c_letrec(), [{cerl(), cerl()}], cerl()) -> c_letrec().
+
+update_c_letrec(Node, Defs, Body) ->
+ #c_letrec{defs = Defs, body = Body, anno = get_ann(Node)}.
+
+
+%% @spec is_c_letrec(Node::cerl()) -> boolean()
+%%
+%% @doc Returns <code>true</code> if <code>Node</code> is an abstract
+%% letrec-expression, otherwise <code>false</code>.
+%%
+%% @see c_letrec/2
+
+-spec is_c_letrec(cerl()) -> boolean().
+
+is_c_letrec(#c_letrec{}) ->
+ true;
+is_c_letrec(_) ->
+ false.
+
+
+%% @spec letrec_defs(Node::cerl()) -> [{cerl(), cerl()}]
+%%
+%% @doc Returns the list of definitions of an abstract
+%% letrec-expression. If <code>Node</code> represents "<code>letrec
+%% <em>V1</em> = <em>F1</em> ... <em>Vn</em> = <em>Fn</em> in
+%% <em>Body</em></code>", the returned value is <code>[{V1, F1}, ...,
+%% {Vn, Fn}]</code>.
+%%
+%% @see c_letrec/2
+
+-spec letrec_defs(c_letrec()) -> [{cerl(), cerl()}].
+
+letrec_defs(Node) ->
+ Node#c_letrec.defs.
+
+
+%% @spec letrec_body(cerl()) -> cerl()
+%%
+%% @doc Returns the body subtree of an abstract letrec-expression.
+%%
+%% @see c_letrec/2
+
+-spec letrec_body(c_letrec()) -> cerl().
+
+letrec_body(Node) ->
+ Node#c_letrec.body.
+
+
+%% @spec letrec_vars(cerl()) -> [cerl()]
+%%
+%% @doc Returns the list of left-hand side function variable subtrees
+%% of a letrec-expression. If <code>Node</code> represents
+%% "<code>letrec <em>V1</em> = <em>F1</em> ... <em>Vn</em> =
+%% <em>Fn</em> in <em>Body</em></code>", the returned value is
+%% <code>[V1, ..., Vn]</code>.
+%%
+%% @see c_letrec/2
+
+-spec letrec_vars(c_letrec()) -> [cerl()].
+
+letrec_vars(Node) ->
+ [F || {F, _} <- letrec_defs(Node)].
+
+
+%% ---------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+%% @spec c_case(Argument::cerl(), Clauses::[cerl()]) -> cerl()
+%%
+%% @doc Creates an abstract case-expression. If <code>Clauses</code>
+%% is <code>[C1, ..., Cn]</code>, the result represents "<code>case
+%% <em>Argument</em> of <em>C1</em> ... <em>Cn</em>
+%% end</code>". <code>Clauses</code> must not be empty.
+%%
+%% @see ann_c_case/3
+%% @see update_c_case/3
+%% @see is_c_case/1
+%% @see c_clause/3
+%% @see case_arg/1
+%% @see case_clauses/1
+%% @see case_arity/1
+
+-spec c_case(cerl(), [cerl()]) -> c_case().
+
+c_case(Expr, Clauses) ->
+ #c_case{arg = Expr, clauses = Clauses}.
+
+
+%% @spec ann_c_case(As::[term()], Argument::cerl(),
+%% Clauses::[cerl()]) -> cerl()
+%% @see c_case/2
+
+-spec ann_c_case([term()], cerl(), [cerl()]) -> c_case().
+
+ann_c_case(As, Expr, Clauses) ->
+ #c_case{arg = Expr, clauses = Clauses, anno = As}.
+
+
+%% @spec update_c_case(Old::cerl(), Argument::cerl(),
+%% Clauses::[cerl()]) -> cerl()
+%% @see c_case/2
+
+-spec update_c_case(c_case(), cerl(), [cerl()]) -> c_case().
+
+update_c_case(Node, Expr, Clauses) ->
+ #c_case{arg = Expr, clauses = Clauses, anno = get_ann(Node)}.
+
+
+%% is_c_case(Node) -> boolean()
+%%
+%% Node = cerl()
+%%
+%% @doc Returns <code>true</code> if <code>Node</code> is an abstract
+%% case-expression; otherwise <code>false</code>.
+%%
+%% @see c_case/2
+
+-spec is_c_case(cerl()) -> boolean().
+
+is_c_case(#c_case{}) ->
+ true;
+is_c_case(_) ->
+ false.
+
+
+%% @spec case_arg(cerl()) -> cerl()
+%%
+%% @doc Returns the argument subtree of an abstract case-expression.
+%%
+%% @see c_case/2
+
+-spec case_arg(c_case()) -> cerl().
+
+case_arg(Node) ->
+ Node#c_case.arg.
+
+
+%% @spec case_clauses(cerl()) -> [cerl()]
+%%
+%% @doc Returns the list of clause subtrees of an abstract
+%% case-expression.
+%%
+%% @see c_case/2
+%% @see case_arity/1
+
+-spec case_clauses(c_case()) -> [cerl()].
+
+case_clauses(Node) ->
+ Node#c_case.clauses.
+
+
+%% @spec case_arity(Node::cerl()) -> integer()
+%%
+%% @doc Equivalent to
+%% <code>clause_arity(hd(case_clauses(Node)))</code>, but potentially
+%% more efficient.
+%%
+%% @see c_case/2
+%% @see case_clauses/1
+%% @see clause_arity/1
+
+-spec case_arity(c_case()) -> non_neg_integer().
+
+case_arity(Node) ->
+ clause_arity(hd(case_clauses(Node))).
+
+
+%% ---------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+%% @spec c_clause(Patterns::[cerl()], Body::cerl()) -> cerl()
+%% @equiv c_clause(Patterns, c_atom(true), Body)
+%% @see c_atom/1
+
+-spec c_clause([cerl()], cerl()) -> c_clause().
+
+c_clause(Patterns, Body) ->
+ c_clause(Patterns, c_atom(true), Body).
+
+
+%% @spec c_clause(Patterns::[cerl()], Guard::cerl(), Body::cerl()) ->
+%% cerl()
+%%
+%% @doc Creates an an abstract clause. If <code>Patterns</code> is
+%% <code>[P1, ..., Pn]</code>, the result represents
+%% "<code>&lt;<em>P1</em>, ..., <em>Pn</em>&gt; when <em>Guard</em> ->
+%% <em>Body</em></code>".
+%%
+%% @see c_clause/2
+%% @see ann_c_clause/4
+%% @see update_c_clause/4
+%% @see is_c_clause/1
+%% @see c_case/2
+%% @see c_receive/3
+%% @see clause_pats/1
+%% @see clause_guard/1
+%% @see clause_body/1
+%% @see clause_arity/1
+%% @see clause_vars/1
+
+-spec c_clause([cerl()], cerl(), cerl()) -> c_clause().
+
+c_clause(Patterns, Guard, Body) ->
+ #c_clause{pats = Patterns, guard = Guard, body = Body}.
+
+
+%% @spec ann_c_clause(As::[term()], Patterns::[cerl()],
+%% Body::cerl()) -> cerl()
+%% @equiv ann_c_clause(As, Patterns, c_atom(true), Body)
+%% @see c_clause/3
+
+-spec ann_c_clause([term()], [cerl()], cerl()) -> c_clause().
+
+ann_c_clause(As, Patterns, Body) ->
+ ann_c_clause(As, Patterns, c_atom(true), Body).
+
+
+%% @spec ann_c_clause(As::[term()], Patterns::[cerl()], Guard::cerl(),
+%% Body::cerl()) -> cerl()
+%% @see ann_c_clause/3
+%% @see c_clause/3
+
+-spec ann_c_clause([term()], [cerl()], cerl(), cerl()) -> c_clause().
+
+ann_c_clause(As, Patterns, Guard, Body) ->
+ #c_clause{pats = Patterns, guard = Guard, body = Body, anno = As}.
+
+
+%% @spec update_c_clause(Old::cerl(), Patterns::[cerl()],
+%% Guard::cerl(), Body::cerl()) -> cerl()
+%% @see c_clause/3
+
+-spec update_c_clause(c_clause(), [cerl()], cerl(), cerl()) -> c_clause().
+
+update_c_clause(Node, Patterns, Guard, Body) ->
+ #c_clause{pats = Patterns, guard = Guard, body = Body,
+ anno = get_ann(Node)}.
+
+
+%% @spec is_c_clause(Node::cerl()) -> boolean()
+%%
+%% @doc Returns <code>true</code> if <code>Node</code> is an abstract
+%% clause, otherwise <code>false</code>.
+%%
+%% @see c_clause/3
+
+-spec is_c_clause(cerl()) -> boolean().
+
+is_c_clause(#c_clause{}) ->
+ true;
+is_c_clause(_) ->
+ false.
+
+
+%% @spec clause_pats(cerl()) -> [cerl()]
+%%
+%% @doc Returns the list of pattern subtrees of an abstract clause.
+%%
+%% @see c_clause/3
+%% @see clause_arity/1
+
+-spec clause_pats(c_clause()) -> [cerl()].
+
+clause_pats(Node) ->
+ Node#c_clause.pats.
+
+
+%% @spec clause_guard(cerl()) -> cerl()
+%%
+%% @doc Returns the guard subtree of an abstract clause.
+%%
+%% @see c_clause/3
+
+-spec clause_guard(c_clause()) -> cerl().
+
+clause_guard(Node) ->
+ Node#c_clause.guard.
+
+
+%% @spec clause_body(cerl()) -> cerl()
+%%
+%% @doc Returns the body subtree of an abstract clause.
+%%
+%% @see c_clause/3
+
+-spec clause_body(c_clause()) -> cerl().
+
+clause_body(Node) ->
+ Node#c_clause.body.
+
+
+%% @spec clause_arity(Node::cerl()) -> integer()
+%%
+%% @doc Returns the number of pattern subtrees of an abstract clause.
+%%
+%% <p>Note: this is equivalent to
+%% <code>length(clause_pats(Node))</code>, but potentially more
+%% efficient.</p>
+%%
+%% @see c_clause/3
+%% @see clause_pats/1
+
+-spec clause_arity(c_clause()) -> non_neg_integer().
+
+clause_arity(Node) ->
+ length(clause_pats(Node)).
+
+
+%% @spec clause_vars(cerl()) -> [cerl()]
+%%
+%% @doc Returns the list of all abstract variables in the patterns of
+%% an abstract clause. The order of listing is not defined.
+%%
+%% @see c_clause/3
+%% @see pat_list_vars/1
+
+-spec clause_vars(c_clause()) -> [cerl()].
+
+clause_vars(Clause) ->
+ pat_list_vars(clause_pats(Clause)).
+
+
+%% @spec pat_vars(Pattern::cerl()) -> [cerl()]
+%%
+%% @doc Returns the list of all abstract variables in a pattern. An
+%% exception is thrown if <code>Node</code> does not represent a
+%% well-formed Core Erlang clause pattern. The order of listing is not
+%% defined.
+%%
+%% @see pat_list_vars/1
+%% @see clause_vars/1
+
+-spec pat_vars(cerl()) -> [cerl()].
+
+pat_vars(Node) ->
+ pat_vars(Node, []).
+
+pat_vars(Node, Vs) ->
+ case type(Node) of
+ var ->
+ [Node | Vs];
+ literal ->
+ Vs;
+ cons ->
+ pat_vars(cons_hd(Node), pat_vars(cons_tl(Node), Vs));
+ tuple ->
+ pat_list_vars(tuple_es(Node), Vs);
+ binary ->
+ pat_list_vars(binary_segments(Node), Vs);
+ bitstr ->
+ pat_vars(bitstr_val(Node), Vs);
+ alias ->
+ pat_vars(alias_pat(Node), [alias_var(Node) | Vs])
+ end.
+
+
+%% @spec pat_list_vars(Patterns::[cerl()]) -> [cerl()]
+%%
+%% @doc Returns the list of all abstract variables in the given
+%% patterns. An exception is thrown if some element in
+%% <code>Patterns</code> does not represent a well-formed Core Erlang
+%% clause pattern. The order of listing is not defined.
+%%
+%% @see pat_vars/1
+%% @see clause_vars/1
+
+-spec pat_list_vars([cerl()]) -> [cerl()].
+
+pat_list_vars(Ps) ->
+ pat_list_vars(Ps, []).
+
+pat_list_vars([P | Ps], Vs) ->
+ pat_list_vars(Ps, pat_vars(P, Vs));
+pat_list_vars([], Vs) ->
+ Vs.
+
+
+%% ---------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+%% @spec c_alias(Variable::cerl(), Pattern::cerl()) -> cerl()
+%%
+%% @doc Creates an abstract pattern alias. The result represents
+%% "<code><em>Variable</em> = <em>Pattern</em></code>".
+%%
+%% @see ann_c_alias/3
+%% @see update_c_alias/3
+%% @see is_c_alias/1
+%% @see alias_var/1
+%% @see alias_pat/1
+%% @see c_clause/3
+
+-spec c_alias(c_var(), cerl()) -> c_alias().
+
+c_alias(Var, Pattern) ->
+ #c_alias{var = Var, pat = Pattern}.
+
+
+%% @spec ann_c_alias(As::[term()], Variable::cerl(),
+%% Pattern::cerl()) -> cerl()
+%% @see c_alias/2
+
+-spec ann_c_alias([term()], c_var(), cerl()) -> c_alias().
+
+ann_c_alias(As, Var, Pattern) ->
+ #c_alias{var = Var, pat = Pattern, anno = As}.
+
+
+%% @spec update_c_alias(Old::cerl(), Variable::cerl(),
+%% Pattern::cerl()) -> cerl()
+%% @see c_alias/2
+
+-spec update_c_alias(c_alias(), cerl(), cerl()) -> c_alias().
+
+update_c_alias(Node, Var, Pattern) ->
+ #c_alias{var = Var, pat = Pattern, anno = get_ann(Node)}.
+
+
+%% @spec is_c_alias(Node::cerl()) -> boolean()
+%%
+%% @doc Returns <code>true</code> if <code>Node</code> is an abstract
+%% pattern alias, otherwise <code>false</code>.
+%%
+%% @see c_alias/2
+
+-spec is_c_alias(cerl()) -> boolean().
+
+is_c_alias(#c_alias{}) ->
+ true;
+is_c_alias(_) ->
+ false.
+
+
+%% @spec alias_var(cerl()) -> cerl()
+%%
+%% @doc Returns the variable subtree of an abstract pattern alias.
+%%
+%% @see c_alias/2
+
+-spec alias_var(c_alias()) -> c_var().
+
+alias_var(Node) ->
+ Node#c_alias.var.
+
+
+%% @spec alias_pat(cerl()) -> cerl()
+%%
+%% @doc Returns the pattern subtree of an abstract pattern alias.
+%%
+%% @see c_alias/2
+
+-spec alias_pat(c_alias()) -> cerl().
+
+alias_pat(Node) ->
+ Node#c_alias.pat.
+
+
+%% ---------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+%% @spec c_receive(Clauses::[cerl()]) -> cerl()
+%% @equiv c_receive(Clauses, c_atom(infinity), c_atom(true))
+%% @see c_atom/1
+
+-spec c_receive([cerl()]) -> c_receive().
+
+c_receive(Clauses) ->
+ c_receive(Clauses, c_atom(infinity), c_atom(true)).
+
+
+%% @spec c_receive(Clauses::[cerl()], Timeout::cerl(),
+%% Action::cerl()) -> cerl()
+%%
+%% @doc Creates an abstract receive-expression. If
+%% <code>Clauses</code> is <code>[C1, ..., Cn]</code>, the result
+%% represents "<code>receive <em>C1</em> ... <em>Cn</em> after
+%% <em>Timeout</em> -> <em>Action</em> end</code>".
+%%
+%% @see c_receive/1
+%% @see ann_c_receive/4
+%% @see update_c_receive/4
+%% @see is_c_receive/1
+%% @see receive_clauses/1
+%% @see receive_timeout/1
+%% @see receive_action/1
+
+-spec c_receive([cerl()], cerl(), cerl()) -> c_receive().
+
+c_receive(Clauses, Timeout, Action) ->
+ #c_receive{clauses = Clauses, timeout = Timeout, action = Action}.
+
+
+%% @spec ann_c_receive(As::[term()], Clauses::[cerl()]) -> cerl()
+%% @equiv ann_c_receive(As, Clauses, c_atom(infinity), c_atom(true))
+%% @see c_receive/3
+%% @see c_atom/1
+
+-spec ann_c_receive([term()], [cerl()]) -> c_receive().
+
+ann_c_receive(As, Clauses) ->
+ ann_c_receive(As, Clauses, c_atom(infinity), c_atom(true)).
+
+
+%% @spec ann_c_receive(As::[term()], Clauses::[cerl()],
+%% Timeout::cerl(), Action::cerl()) -> cerl()
+%% @see ann_c_receive/2
+%% @see c_receive/3
+
+-spec ann_c_receive([term()], [cerl()], cerl(), cerl()) -> c_receive().
+
+ann_c_receive(As, Clauses, Timeout, Action) ->
+ #c_receive{clauses = Clauses, timeout = Timeout, action = Action,
+ anno = As}.
+
+
+%% @spec update_c_receive(Old::cerl(), Clauses::[cerl()],
+%% Timeout::cerl(), Action::cerl()) -> cerl()
+%% @see c_receive/3
+
+-spec update_c_receive(c_receive(), [cerl()], cerl(), cerl()) -> c_receive().
+
+update_c_receive(Node, Clauses, Timeout, Action) ->
+ #c_receive{clauses = Clauses, timeout = Timeout, action = Action,
+ anno = get_ann(Node)}.
+
+
+%% @spec is_c_receive(Node::cerl()) -> boolean()
+%%
+%% @doc Returns <code>true</code> if <code>Node</code> is an abstract
+%% receive-expression, otherwise <code>false</code>.
+%%
+%% @see c_receive/3
+
+-spec is_c_receive(cerl()) -> boolean().
+
+is_c_receive(#c_receive{}) ->
+ true;
+is_c_receive(_) ->
+ false.
+
+
+%% @spec receive_clauses(cerl()) -> [cerl()]
+%%
+%% @doc Returns the list of clause subtrees of an abstract
+%% receive-expression.
+%%
+%% @see c_receive/3
+
+-spec receive_clauses(c_receive()) -> [cerl()].
+
+receive_clauses(Node) ->
+ Node#c_receive.clauses.
+
+
+%% @spec receive_timeout(cerl()) -> cerl()
+%%
+%% @doc Returns the timeout subtree of an abstract receive-expression.
+%%
+%% @see c_receive/3
+
+-spec receive_timeout(c_receive()) -> cerl().
+
+receive_timeout(Node) ->
+ Node#c_receive.timeout.
+
+
+%% @spec receive_action(cerl()) -> cerl()
+%%
+%% @doc Returns the action subtree of an abstract receive-expression.
+%%
+%% @see c_receive/3
+
+-spec receive_action(c_receive()) -> cerl().
+
+receive_action(Node) ->
+ Node#c_receive.action.
+
+
+%% ---------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+%% @spec c_apply(Operator::cerl(), Arguments::[cerl()]) -> cerl()
+%%
+%% @doc Creates an abstract function application. If
+%% <code>Arguments</code> is <code>[A1, ..., An]</code>, the result
+%% represents "<code>apply <em>Operator</em>(<em>A1</em>, ...,
+%% <em>An</em>)</code>".
+%%
+%% @see ann_c_apply/3
+%% @see update_c_apply/3
+%% @see is_c_apply/1
+%% @see apply_op/1
+%% @see apply_args/1
+%% @see apply_arity/1
+%% @see c_call/3
+%% @see c_primop/2
+
+-spec c_apply(cerl(), [cerl()]) -> c_apply().
+
+c_apply(Operator, Arguments) ->
+ #c_apply{op = Operator, args = Arguments}.
+
+
+%% @spec ann_c_apply(As::[term()], Operator::cerl(),
+%% Arguments::[cerl()]) -> cerl()
+%% @see c_apply/2
+
+-spec ann_c_apply([term()], cerl(), [cerl()]) -> c_apply().
+
+ann_c_apply(As, Operator, Arguments) ->
+ #c_apply{op = Operator, args = Arguments, anno = As}.
+
+
+%% @spec update_c_apply(Old::cerl(), Operator::cerl(),
+%% Arguments::[cerl()]) -> cerl()
+%% @see c_apply/2
+
+-spec update_c_apply(c_apply(), cerl(), [cerl()]) -> c_apply().
+
+update_c_apply(Node, Operator, Arguments) ->
+ #c_apply{op = Operator, args = Arguments, anno = get_ann(Node)}.
+
+
+%% @spec is_c_apply(Node::cerl()) -> boolean()
+%%
+%% @doc Returns <code>true</code> if <code>Node</code> is an abstract
+%% function application, otherwise <code>false</code>.
+%%
+%% @see c_apply/2
+
+-spec is_c_apply(cerl()) -> boolean().
+
+is_c_apply(#c_apply{}) ->
+ true;
+is_c_apply(_) ->
+ false.
+
+
+%% @spec apply_op(cerl()) -> cerl()
+%%
+%% @doc Returns the operator subtree of an abstract function
+%% application.
+%%
+%% @see c_apply/2
+
+-spec apply_op(c_apply()) -> cerl().
+
+apply_op(Node) ->
+ Node#c_apply.op.
+
+
+%% @spec apply_args(cerl()) -> [cerl()]
+%%
+%% @doc Returns the list of argument subtrees of an abstract function
+%% application.
+%%
+%% @see c_apply/2
+%% @see apply_arity/1
+
+-spec apply_args(c_apply()) -> [cerl()].
+
+apply_args(Node) ->
+ Node#c_apply.args.
+
+
+%% @spec apply_arity(Node::cerl()) -> integer()
+%%
+%% @doc Returns the number of argument subtrees of an abstract
+%% function application.
+%%
+%% <p>Note: this is equivalent to
+%% <code>length(apply_args(Node))</code>, but potentially more
+%% efficient.</p>
+%%
+%% @see c_apply/2
+%% @see apply_args/1
+
+-spec apply_arity(c_apply()) -> non_neg_integer().
+
+apply_arity(Node) ->
+ length(apply_args(Node)).
+
+
+%% ---------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+%% @spec c_call(Module::cerl(), Name::cerl(), Arguments::[cerl()]) ->
+%% cerl()
+%%
+%% @doc Creates an abstract inter-module call. If
+%% <code>Arguments</code> is <code>[A1, ..., An]</code>, the result
+%% represents "<code>call <em>Module</em>:<em>Name</em>(<em>A1</em>,
+%% ..., <em>An</em>)</code>".
+%%
+%% @see ann_c_call/4
+%% @see update_c_call/4
+%% @see is_c_call/1
+%% @see call_module/1
+%% @see call_name/1
+%% @see call_args/1
+%% @see call_arity/1
+%% @see c_apply/2
+%% @see c_primop/2
+
+-spec c_call(cerl(), cerl(), [cerl()]) -> c_call().
+
+c_call(Module, Name, Arguments) ->
+ #c_call{module = Module, name = Name, args = Arguments}.
+
+
+%% @spec ann_c_call(As::[term()], Module::cerl(), Name::cerl(),
+%% Arguments::[cerl()]) -> cerl()
+%% @see c_call/3
+
+-spec ann_c_call([term()], cerl(), cerl(), [cerl()]) -> c_call().
+
+ann_c_call(As, Module, Name, Arguments) ->
+ #c_call{module = Module, name = Name, args = Arguments, anno = As}.
+
+
+%% @spec update_c_call(Old::cerl(), Module::cerl(), Name::cerl(),
+%% Arguments::[cerl()]) -> cerl()
+%% @see c_call/3
+
+-spec update_c_call(cerl(), cerl(), cerl(), [cerl()]) -> c_call().
+
+update_c_call(Node, Module, Name, Arguments) ->
+ #c_call{module = Module, name = Name, args = Arguments,
+ anno = get_ann(Node)}.
+
+
+%% @spec is_c_call(Node::cerl()) -> boolean()
+%%
+%% @doc Returns <code>true</code> if <code>Node</code> is an abstract
+%% inter-module call expression; otherwise <code>false</code>.
+%%
+%% @see c_call/3
+
+-spec is_c_call(cerl()) -> boolean().
+
+is_c_call(#c_call{}) ->
+ true;
+is_c_call(_) ->
+ false.
+
+
+%% @spec call_module(cerl()) -> cerl()
+%%
+%% @doc Returns the module subtree of an abstract inter-module call.
+%%
+%% @see c_call/3
+
+-spec call_module(c_call()) -> cerl().
+
+call_module(Node) ->
+ Node#c_call.module.
+
+
+%% @spec call_name(cerl()) -> cerl()
+%%
+%% @doc Returns the name subtree of an abstract inter-module call.
+%%
+%% @see c_call/3
+
+-spec call_name(c_call()) -> cerl().
+
+call_name(Node) ->
+ Node#c_call.name.
+
+
+%% @spec call_args(cerl()) -> [cerl()]
+%%
+%% @doc Returns the list of argument subtrees of an abstract
+%% inter-module call.
+%%
+%% @see c_call/3
+%% @see call_arity/1
+
+-spec call_args(c_call()) -> [cerl()].
+
+call_args(Node) ->
+ Node#c_call.args.
+
+
+%% @spec call_arity(Node::cerl()) -> integer()
+%%
+%% @doc Returns the number of argument subtrees of an abstract
+%% inter-module call.
+%%
+%% <p>Note: this is equivalent to
+%% <code>length(call_args(Node))</code>, but potentially more
+%% efficient.</p>
+%%
+%% @see c_call/3
+%% @see call_args/1
+
+-spec call_arity(c_call()) -> non_neg_integer().
+
+call_arity(Node) ->
+ length(call_args(Node)).
+
+
+%% ---------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+%% @spec c_primop(Name::cerl(), Arguments::[cerl()]) -> cerl()
+%%
+%% @doc Creates an abstract primitive operation call. If
+%% <code>Arguments</code> is <code>[A1, ..., An]</code>, the result
+%% represents "<code>primop <em>Name</em>(<em>A1</em>, ...,
+%% <em>An</em>)</code>". <code>Name</code> must be an atom literal.
+%%
+%% @see ann_c_primop/3
+%% @see update_c_primop/3
+%% @see is_c_primop/1
+%% @see primop_name/1
+%% @see primop_args/1
+%% @see primop_arity/1
+%% @see c_apply/2
+%% @see c_call/3
+
+-spec c_primop(cerl(), [cerl()]) -> c_primop().
+
+c_primop(Name, Arguments) ->
+ #c_primop{name = Name, args = Arguments}.
+
+
+%% @spec ann_c_primop(As::[term()], Name::cerl(),
+%% Arguments::[cerl()]) -> cerl()
+%% @see c_primop/2
+
+-spec ann_c_primop([term()], cerl(), [cerl()]) -> c_primop().
+
+ann_c_primop(As, Name, Arguments) ->
+ #c_primop{name = Name, args = Arguments, anno = As}.
+
+
+%% @spec update_c_primop(Old::cerl(), Name::cerl(),
+%% Arguments::[cerl()]) -> cerl()
+%% @see c_primop/2
+
+-spec update_c_primop(cerl(), cerl(), [cerl()]) -> c_primop().
+
+update_c_primop(Node, Name, Arguments) ->
+ #c_primop{name = Name, args = Arguments, anno = get_ann(Node)}.
+
+
+%% @spec is_c_primop(Node::cerl()) -> boolean()
+%%
+%% @doc Returns <code>true</code> if <code>Node</code> is an abstract
+%% primitive operation call, otherwise <code>false</code>.
+%%
+%% @see c_primop/2
+
+-spec is_c_primop(cerl()) -> boolean().
+
+is_c_primop(#c_primop{}) ->
+ true;
+is_c_primop(_) ->
+ false.
+
+
+%% @spec primop_name(cerl()) -> cerl()
+%%
+%% @doc Returns the name subtree of an abstract primitive operation
+%% call.
+%%
+%% @see c_primop/2
+
+-spec primop_name(c_primop()) -> cerl().
+
+primop_name(Node) ->
+ Node#c_primop.name.
+
+
+%% @spec primop_args(cerl()) -> [cerl()]
+%%
+%% @doc Returns the list of argument subtrees of an abstract primitive
+%% operation call.
+%%
+%% @see c_primop/2
+%% @see primop_arity/1
+
+-spec primop_args(c_primop()) -> [cerl()].
+
+primop_args(Node) ->
+ Node#c_primop.args.
+
+
+%% @spec primop_arity(Node::cerl()) -> integer()
+%%
+%% @doc Returns the number of argument subtrees of an abstract
+%% primitive operation call.
+%%
+%% <p>Note: this is equivalent to
+%% <code>length(primop_args(Node))</code>, but potentially more
+%% efficient.</p>
+%%
+%% @see c_primop/2
+%% @see primop_args/1
+
+-spec primop_arity(c_primop()) -> non_neg_integer().
+
+primop_arity(Node) ->
+ length(primop_args(Node)).
+
+
+%% ---------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+%% @spec c_try(Argument::cerl(), Variables::[cerl()], Body::cerl(),
+%% ExceptionVars::[cerl()], Handler::cerl()) -> cerl()
+%%
+%% @doc Creates an abstract try-expression. If <code>Variables</code> is
+%% <code>[V1, ..., Vn]</code> and <code>ExceptionVars</code> is
+%% <code>[X1, ..., Xm]</code>, the result represents "<code>try
+%% <em>Argument</em> of &lt;<em>V1</em>, ..., <em>Vn</em>&gt; ->
+%% <em>Body</em> catch &lt;<em>X1</em>, ..., <em>Xm</em>&gt; ->
+%% <em>Handler</em></code>". All the <code>Vi</code> and <code>Xi</code>
+%% must have type <code>var</code>.
+%%
+%% @see ann_c_try/6
+%% @see update_c_try/6
+%% @see is_c_try/1
+%% @see try_arg/1
+%% @see try_vars/1
+%% @see try_body/1
+%% @see c_catch/1
+
+-spec c_try(cerl(), [cerl()], cerl(), [cerl()], cerl()) -> c_try().
+
+c_try(Expr, Vs, Body, Evs, Handler) ->
+ #c_try{arg = Expr, vars = Vs, body = Body,
+ evars = Evs, handler = Handler}.
+
+
+%% @spec ann_c_try(As::[term()], Expression::cerl(),
+%% Variables::[cerl()], Body::cerl(),
+%% EVars::[cerl()], Handler::cerl()) -> cerl()
+%% @see c_try/3
+
+-spec ann_c_try([term()], cerl(), [cerl()], cerl(), [cerl()], cerl()) ->
+ c_try().
+
+ann_c_try(As, Expr, Vs, Body, Evs, Handler) ->
+ #c_try{arg = Expr, vars = Vs, body = Body,
+ evars = Evs, handler = Handler, anno = As}.
+
+
+%% @spec update_c_try(Old::cerl(), Expression::cerl(),
+%% Variables::[cerl()], Body::cerl(),
+%% EVars::[cerl()], Handler::cerl()) -> cerl()
+%% @see c_try/3
+
+-spec update_c_try(c_try(), cerl(), [cerl()], cerl(), [cerl()], cerl()) ->
+ c_try().
+
+update_c_try(Node, Expr, Vs, Body, Evs, Handler) ->
+ #c_try{arg = Expr, vars = Vs, body = Body,
+ evars = Evs, handler = Handler, anno = get_ann(Node)}.
+
+
+%% @spec is_c_try(Node::cerl()) -> boolean()
+%%
+%% @doc Returns <code>true</code> if <code>Node</code> is an abstract
+%% try-expression, otherwise <code>false</code>.
+%%
+%% @see c_try/3
+
+-spec is_c_try(cerl()) -> boolean().
+
+is_c_try(#c_try{}) ->
+ true;
+is_c_try(_) ->
+ false.
+
+
+%% @spec try_arg(cerl()) -> cerl()
+%%
+%% @doc Returns the expression subtree of an abstract try-expression.
+%%
+%% @see c_try/3
+
+-spec try_arg(c_try()) -> cerl().
+
+try_arg(Node) ->
+ Node#c_try.arg.
+
+
+%% @spec try_vars(cerl()) -> [cerl()]
+%%
+%% @doc Returns the list of success variable subtrees of an abstract
+%% try-expression.
+%%
+%% @see c_try/3
+
+-spec try_vars(c_try()) -> [cerl()].
+
+try_vars(Node) ->
+ Node#c_try.vars.
+
+
+%% @spec try_body(cerl()) -> cerl()
+%%
+%% @doc Returns the success body subtree of an abstract try-expression.
+%%
+%% @see c_try/3
+
+-spec try_body(c_try()) -> cerl().
+
+try_body(Node) ->
+ Node#c_try.body.
+
+
+%% @spec try_evars(cerl()) -> [cerl()]
+%%
+%% @doc Returns the list of exception variable subtrees of an abstract
+%% try-expression.
+%%
+%% @see c_try/3
+
+-spec try_evars(c_try()) -> [cerl()].
+
+try_evars(Node) ->
+ Node#c_try.evars.
+
+
+%% @spec try_handler(cerl()) -> cerl()
+%%
+%% @doc Returns the exception body subtree of an abstract
+%% try-expression.
+%%
+%% @see c_try/3
+
+-spec try_handler(c_try()) -> cerl().
+
+try_handler(Node) ->
+ Node#c_try.handler.
+
+
+%% ---------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+%% @spec c_catch(Body::cerl()) -> cerl()
+%%
+%% @doc Creates an abstract catch-expression. The result represents
+%% "<code>catch <em>Body</em></code>".
+%%
+%% <p>Note: catch-expressions can be rewritten as try-expressions, and
+%% will eventually be removed from Core Erlang.</p>
+%%
+%% @see ann_c_catch/2
+%% @see update_c_catch/2
+%% @see is_c_catch/1
+%% @see catch_body/1
+%% @see c_try/3
+
+-spec c_catch(cerl()) -> c_catch().
+
+c_catch(Body) ->
+ #c_catch{body = Body}.
+
+
+%% @spec ann_c_catch(As::[term()], Body::cerl()) -> cerl()
+%% @see c_catch/1
+
+-spec ann_c_catch([term()], cerl()) -> c_catch().
+
+ann_c_catch(As, Body) ->
+ #c_catch{body = Body, anno = As}.
+
+
+%% @spec update_c_catch(Old::cerl(), Body::cerl()) -> cerl()
+%% @see c_catch/1
+
+-spec update_c_catch(c_catch(), cerl()) -> c_catch().
+
+update_c_catch(Node, Body) ->
+ #c_catch{body = Body, anno = get_ann(Node)}.
+
+
+%% @spec is_c_catch(Node::cerl()) -> boolean()
+%%
+%% @doc Returns <code>true</code> if <code>Node</code> is an abstract
+%% catch-expression, otherwise <code>false</code>.
+%%
+%% @see c_catch/1
+
+-spec is_c_catch(cerl()) -> boolean().
+
+is_c_catch(#c_catch{}) ->
+ true;
+is_c_catch(_) ->
+ false.
+
+
+%% @spec catch_body(Node::cerl()) -> cerl()
+%%
+%% @doc Returns the body subtree of an abstract catch-expression.
+%%
+%% @see c_catch/1
+
+-spec catch_body(c_catch()) -> cerl().
+
+catch_body(Node) ->
+ Node#c_catch.body.
+
+
+%% ---------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+%% @spec to_records(Tree::cerl()) -> record(record_types())
+%%
+%% @doc Translates an abstract syntax tree to a corresponding explicit
+%% record representation. The records are defined in the file
+%% "<code>cerl.hrl</code>".
+%%
+%% @see type/1
+%% @see from_records/1
+
+-spec to_records(cerl()) -> cerl().
+
+to_records(Node) ->
+ Node.
+
+%% @spec from_records(Tree::record(record_types())) -> cerl()
+%%
+%% record_types() = c_alias | c_apply | c_call | c_case | c_catch |
+%% c_clause | c_cons | c_fun | c_let |
+%% c_letrec | c_lit | c_module | c_primop |
+%% c_receive | c_seq | c_try | c_tuple |
+%% c_values | c_var
+%%
+%% @doc Translates an explicit record representation to a
+%% corresponding abstract syntax tree. The records are defined in the
+%% file "<code>core_parse.hrl</code>".
+%%
+%% @see type/1
+%% @see to_records/1
+
+-spec from_records(cerl()) -> cerl().
+
+from_records(Node) ->
+ Node.
+
+
+%% ---------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+%% @spec is_data(Node::cerl()) -> boolean()
+%%
+%% @doc Returns <code>true</code> if <code>Node</code> represents a
+%% data constructor, otherwise <code>false</code>. Data constructors
+%% are cons cells, tuples, and atomic literals.
+%%
+%% @see data_type/1
+%% @see data_es/1
+%% @see data_arity/1
+
+-spec is_data(cerl()) -> boolean().
+
+is_data(#c_literal{}) ->
+ true;
+is_data(#c_cons{}) ->
+ true;
+is_data(#c_tuple{}) ->
+ true;
+is_data(_) ->
+ false.
+
+
+%% @spec data_type(Node::cerl()) -> dtype()
+%%
+%% dtype() = cons | tuple | {atomic, Value}
+%% Value = integer() | float() | atom() | []
+%%
+%% @doc Returns a type descriptor for a data constructor
+%% node. (Cf. <code>is_data/1</code>.) This is mainly useful for
+%% comparing types and for constructing new nodes of the same type
+%% (cf. <code>make_data/2</code>). If <code>Node</code> represents an
+%% integer, floating-point number, atom or empty list, the result is
+%% <code>{atomic, Value}</code>, where <code>Value</code> is the value
+%% of <code>concrete(Node)</code>, otherwise the result is either
+%% <code>cons</code> or <code>tuple</code>.
+%%
+%% <p>Type descriptors can be compared for equality or order (in the
+%% Erlang term order), but remember that floating-point values should
+%% in general never be tested for equality.</p>
+%%
+%% @see is_data/1
+%% @see make_data/2
+%% @see type/1
+%% @see concrete/1
+
+-type value() :: integer() | float() | atom() | [].
+-type dtype() :: 'cons' | 'tuple' | {'atomic', value()}.
+-type c_lct() :: c_literal() | c_cons() | c_tuple().
+
+-spec data_type(c_lct()) -> dtype().
+
+data_type(#c_literal{val = V}) ->
+ case V of
+ [_ | _] ->
+ cons;
+ _ when is_tuple(V) ->
+ tuple;
+ _ ->
+ {atomic, V}
+ end;
+data_type(#c_cons{}) ->
+ cons;
+data_type(#c_tuple{}) ->
+ tuple.
+
+
+%% @spec data_es(Node::cerl()) -> [cerl()]
+%%
+%% @doc Returns the list of subtrees of a data constructor node. If
+%% the arity of the constructor is zero, the result is the empty list.
+%%
+%% <p>Note: if <code>data_type(Node)</code> is <code>cons</code>, the
+%% number of subtrees is exactly two. If <code>data_type(Node)</code>
+%% is <code>{atomic, Value}</code>, the number of subtrees is
+%% zero.</p>
+%%
+%% @see is_data/1
+%% @see data_type/1
+%% @see data_arity/1
+%% @see make_data/2
+
+-spec data_es(c_lct()) -> [cerl()].
+
+data_es(#c_literal{val = V}) ->
+ case V of
+ [Head | Tail] ->
+ [#c_literal{val = Head}, #c_literal{val = Tail}];
+ _ when is_tuple(V) ->
+ make_lit_list(tuple_to_list(V));
+ _ ->
+ []
+ end;
+data_es(#c_cons{hd = H, tl = T}) ->
+ [H, T];
+data_es(#c_tuple{es = Es}) ->
+ Es.
+
+
+%% @spec data_arity(Node::cerl()) -> integer()
+%%
+%% @doc Returns the number of subtrees of a data constructor
+%% node. This is equivalent to <code>length(data_es(Node))</code>, but
+%% potentially more efficient.
+%%
+%% @see is_data/1
+%% @see data_es/1
+
+-spec data_arity(c_lct()) -> non_neg_integer().
+
+data_arity(#c_literal{val = V}) ->
+ case V of
+ [_ | _] ->
+ 2;
+ _ when is_tuple(V) ->
+ tuple_size(V);
+ _ ->
+ 0
+ end;
+data_arity(#c_cons{}) ->
+ 2;
+data_arity(#c_tuple{es = Es}) ->
+ length(Es).
+
+
+%% @spec make_data(Type::dtype(), Elements::[cerl()]) -> cerl()
+%%
+%% @doc Creates a data constructor node with the specified type and
+%% subtrees. (Cf. <code>data_type/1</code>.) An exception is thrown
+%% if the length of <code>Elements</code> is invalid for the given
+%% <code>Type</code>; see <code>data_es/1</code> for arity constraints
+%% on constructor types.
+%%
+%% @see data_type/1
+%% @see data_es/1
+%% @see ann_make_data/3
+%% @see update_data/3
+%% @see make_data_skel/2
+
+-spec make_data(dtype(), [cerl()]) -> c_lct().
+
+make_data(CType, Es) ->
+ ann_make_data([], CType, Es).
+
+
+%% @spec ann_make_data(As::[term()], Type::dtype(),
+%% Elements::[cerl()]) -> cerl()
+%% @see make_data/2
+
+-spec ann_make_data([term()], dtype(), [cerl()]) -> c_lct().
+
+ann_make_data(As, {atomic, V}, []) -> #c_literal{val = V, anno = As};
+ann_make_data(As, cons, [H, T]) -> ann_c_cons(As, H, T);
+ann_make_data(As, tuple, Es) -> ann_c_tuple(As, Es).
+
+
+%% @spec update_data(Old::cerl(), Type::dtype(),
+%% Elements::[cerl()]) -> cerl()
+%% @see make_data/2
+
+-spec update_data(cerl(), dtype(), [cerl()]) -> c_lct().
+
+update_data(Node, CType, Es) ->
+ ann_make_data(get_ann(Node), CType, Es).
+
+
+%% @spec make_data_skel(Type::dtype(), Elements::[cerl()]) -> cerl()
+%%
+%% @doc Like <code>make_data/2</code>, but analogous to
+%% <code>c_tuple_skel/1</code> and <code>c_cons_skel/2</code>.
+%%
+%% @see ann_make_data_skel/3
+%% @see update_data_skel/3
+%% @see make_data/2
+%% @see c_tuple_skel/1
+%% @see c_cons_skel/2
+
+-spec make_data_skel(dtype(), [cerl()]) -> c_lct().
+
+make_data_skel(CType, Es) ->
+ ann_make_data_skel([], CType, Es).
+
+
+%% @spec ann_make_data_skel(As::[term()], Type::dtype(),
+%% Elements::[cerl()]) -> cerl()
+%% @see make_data_skel/2
+
+-spec ann_make_data_skel([term()], dtype(), [cerl()]) -> c_lct().
+
+ann_make_data_skel(As, {atomic, V}, []) -> #c_literal{val = V, anno = As};
+ann_make_data_skel(As, cons, [H, T]) -> ann_c_cons_skel(As, H, T);
+ann_make_data_skel(As, tuple, Es) -> ann_c_tuple_skel(As, Es).
+
+
+%% @spec update_data_skel(Old::cerl(), Type::dtype(),
+%% Elements::[cerl()]) -> cerl()
+%% @see make_data_skel/2
+
+-spec update_data_skel(cerl(), dtype(), [cerl()]) -> c_lct().
+
+update_data_skel(Node, CType, Es) ->
+ ann_make_data_skel(get_ann(Node), CType, Es).
+
+
+%% ---------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+%% @spec subtrees(Node::cerl()) -> [[cerl()]]
+%%
+%% @doc Returns the grouped list of all subtrees of a node. If
+%% <code>Node</code> is a leaf node (cf. <code>is_leaf/1</code>), this
+%% is the empty list, otherwise the result is always a nonempty list,
+%% containing the lists of subtrees of <code>Node</code>, in
+%% left-to-right order as they occur in the printed program text, and
+%% grouped by category. Often, each group contains only a single
+%% subtree.
+%%
+%% <p>Depending on the type of <code>Node</code>, the size of some
+%% groups may be variable (e.g., the group consisting of all the
+%% elements of a tuple), while others always contain the same number
+%% of elements - usually exactly one (e.g., the group containing the
+%% argument expression of a case-expression). Note, however, that the
+%% exact structure of the returned list (for a given node type) should
+%% in general not be depended upon, since it might be subject to
+%% change without notice.</p>
+%%
+%% <p>The function <code>subtrees/1</code> and the constructor functions
+%% <code>make_tree/2</code> and <code>update_tree/2</code> can be a
+%% great help if one wants to traverse a syntax tree, visiting all its
+%% subtrees, but treat nodes of the tree in a uniform way in most or all
+%% cases. Using these functions makes this simple, and also assures that
+%% your code is not overly sensitive to extensions of the syntax tree
+%% data type, because any node types not explicitly handled by your code
+%% can be left to a default case.</p>
+%%
+%% <p>For example:
+%% <pre>
+%% postorder(F, Tree) ->
+%% F(case subtrees(Tree) of
+%% [] -> Tree;
+%% List -> update_tree(Tree,
+%% [[postorder(F, Subtree)
+%% || Subtree &lt;- Group]
+%% || Group &lt;- List])
+%% end).
+%% </pre>
+%% maps the function <code>F</code> on <code>Tree</code> and all its
+%% subtrees, doing a post-order traversal of the syntax tree. (Note
+%% the use of <code>update_tree/2</code> to preserve annotations.) For
+%% a simple function like:
+%% <pre>
+%% f(Node) ->
+%% case type(Node) of
+%% atom -> atom("a_" ++ atom_name(Node));
+%% _ -> Node
+%% end.
+%% </pre>
+%% the call <code>postorder(fun f/1, Tree)</code> will yield a new
+%% representation of <code>Tree</code> in which all atom names have
+%% been extended with the prefix "a_", but nothing else (including
+%% annotations) has been changed.</p>
+%%
+%% @see is_leaf/1
+%% @see make_tree/2
+%% @see update_tree/2
+
+-spec subtrees(cerl()) -> [[cerl()]].
+
+subtrees(T) ->
+ case is_leaf(T) of
+ true ->
+ [];
+ false ->
+ case type(T) of
+ values ->
+ [values_es(T)];
+ binary ->
+ [binary_segments(T)];
+ bitstr ->
+ [[bitstr_val(T)], [bitstr_size(T)],
+ [bitstr_unit(T)], [bitstr_type(T)],
+ [bitstr_flags(T)]];
+ cons ->
+ [[cons_hd(T)], [cons_tl(T)]];
+ tuple ->
+ [tuple_es(T)];
+ 'let' ->
+ [let_vars(T), [let_arg(T)], [let_body(T)]];
+ seq ->
+ [[seq_arg(T)], [seq_body(T)]];
+ apply ->
+ [[apply_op(T)], apply_args(T)];
+ call ->
+ [[call_module(T)], [call_name(T)],
+ call_args(T)];
+ primop ->
+ [[primop_name(T)], primop_args(T)];
+ 'case' ->
+ [[case_arg(T)], case_clauses(T)];
+ clause ->
+ [clause_pats(T), [clause_guard(T)],
+ [clause_body(T)]];
+ alias ->
+ [[alias_var(T)], [alias_pat(T)]];
+ 'fun' ->
+ [fun_vars(T), [fun_body(T)]];
+ 'receive' ->
+ [receive_clauses(T), [receive_timeout(T)],
+ [receive_action(T)]];
+ 'try' ->
+ [[try_arg(T)], try_vars(T), [try_body(T)],
+ try_evars(T), [try_handler(T)]];
+ 'catch' ->
+ [[catch_body(T)]];
+ letrec ->
+ Es = unfold_tuples(letrec_defs(T)),
+ [Es, [letrec_body(T)]];
+ module ->
+ As = unfold_tuples(module_attrs(T)),
+ Es = unfold_tuples(module_defs(T)),
+ [[module_name(T)], module_exports(T), As, Es]
+ end
+ end.
+
+
+%% @spec update_tree(Old::cerl(), Groups::[[cerl()]]) -> cerl()
+%%
+%% @doc Creates a syntax tree with the given subtrees, and the same
+%% type and annotations as the <code>Old</code> node. This is
+%% equivalent to <code>ann_make_tree(get_ann(Node), type(Node),
+%% Groups)</code>, but potentially more efficient.
+%%
+%% @see update_tree/3
+%% @see ann_make_tree/3
+%% @see get_ann/1
+%% @see type/1
+
+-spec update_tree(cerl(), [[cerl()],...]) -> cerl().
+
+update_tree(Node, Gs) ->
+ ann_make_tree(get_ann(Node), type(Node), Gs).
+
+
+%% @spec update_tree(Old::cerl(), Type::ctype(), Groups::[[cerl()]]) ->
+%% cerl()
+%%
+%% @doc Creates a syntax tree with the given type and subtrees, and
+%% the same annotations as the <code>Old</code> node. This is
+%% equivalent to <code>ann_make_tree(get_ann(Node), Type,
+%% Groups)</code>, but potentially more efficient.
+%%
+%% @see update_tree/2
+%% @see ann_make_tree/3
+%% @see get_ann/1
+
+-spec update_tree(cerl(), ctype(), [[cerl()],...]) -> cerl().
+
+update_tree(Node, Type, Gs) ->
+ ann_make_tree(get_ann(Node), Type, Gs).
+
+
+%% @spec make_tree(Type::ctype(), Groups::[[cerl()]]) -> cerl()
+%%
+%% @doc Creates a syntax tree with the given type and subtrees.
+%% <code>Type</code> must be a node type name
+%% (cf. <code>type/1</code>) that does not denote a leaf node type
+%% (cf. <code>is_leaf/1</code>). <code>Groups</code> must be a
+%% <em>nonempty</em> list of groups of syntax trees, representing the
+%% subtrees of a node of the given type, in left-to-right order as
+%% they would occur in the printed program text, grouped by category
+%% as done by <code>subtrees/1</code>.
+%%
+%% <p>The result of <code>ann_make_tree(get_ann(Node), type(Node),
+%% subtrees(Node))</code> (cf. <code>update_tree/2</code>) represents
+%% the same source code text as the original <code>Node</code>,
+%% assuming that <code>subtrees(Node)</code> yields a nonempty
+%% list. However, it does not necessarily have the exact same data
+%% representation as <code>Node</code>.</p>
+%%
+%% @see ann_make_tree/3
+%% @see type/1
+%% @see is_leaf/1
+%% @see subtrees/1
+%% @see update_tree/2
+
+-spec make_tree(ctype(), [[cerl()],...]) -> cerl().
+
+make_tree(Type, Gs) ->
+ ann_make_tree([], Type, Gs).
+
+
+%% @spec ann_make_tree(As::[term()], Type::ctype(),
+%% Groups::[[cerl()]]) -> cerl()
+%%
+%% @doc Creates a syntax tree with the given annotations, type and
+%% subtrees. See <code>make_tree/2</code> for details.
+%%
+%% @see make_tree/2
+
+-spec ann_make_tree([term()], ctype(), [[cerl()],...]) -> cerl().
+
+ann_make_tree(As, values, [Es]) -> ann_c_values(As, Es);
+ann_make_tree(As, binary, [Ss]) -> ann_c_binary(As, Ss);
+ann_make_tree(As, bitstr, [[V],[S],[U],[T],[Fs]]) ->
+ ann_c_bitstr(As, V, S, U, T, Fs);
+ann_make_tree(As, cons, [[H], [T]]) -> ann_c_cons(As, H, T);
+ann_make_tree(As, tuple, [Es]) -> ann_c_tuple(As, Es);
+ann_make_tree(As, 'let', [Vs, [A], [B]]) -> ann_c_let(As, Vs, A, B);
+ann_make_tree(As, seq, [[A], [B]]) -> ann_c_seq(As, A, B);
+ann_make_tree(As, apply, [[Op], Es]) -> ann_c_apply(As, Op, Es);
+ann_make_tree(As, call, [[M], [N], Es]) -> ann_c_call(As, M, N, Es);
+ann_make_tree(As, primop, [[N], Es]) -> ann_c_primop(As, N, Es);
+ann_make_tree(As, 'case', [[A], Cs]) -> ann_c_case(As, A, Cs);
+ann_make_tree(As, clause, [Ps, [G], [B]]) -> ann_c_clause(As, Ps, G, B);
+ann_make_tree(As, alias, [[V], [P]]) -> ann_c_alias(As, V, P);
+ann_make_tree(As, 'fun', [Vs, [B]]) -> ann_c_fun(As, Vs, B);
+ann_make_tree(As, 'receive', [Cs, [T], [A]]) ->
+ ann_c_receive(As, Cs, T, A);
+ann_make_tree(As, 'try', [[E], Vs, [B], Evs, [H]]) ->
+ ann_c_try(As, E, Vs, B, Evs, H);
+ann_make_tree(As, 'catch', [[B]]) -> ann_c_catch(As, B);
+ann_make_tree(As, letrec, [Es, [B]]) ->
+ ann_c_letrec(As, fold_tuples(Es), B);
+ann_make_tree(As, module, [[N], Xs, Es, Ds]) ->
+ ann_c_module(As, N, Xs, fold_tuples(Es), fold_tuples(Ds)).
+
+
+%% ---------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+%% @spec meta(Tree::cerl()) -> cerl()
+%%
+%% @doc Creates a meta-representation of a syntax tree. The result
+%% represents an Erlang expression "<code><em>MetaTree</em></code>"
+%% which, if evaluated, will yield a new syntax tree representing the
+%% same source code text as <code>Tree</code> (although the actual
+%% data representation may be different). The expression represented
+%% by <code>MetaTree</code> is <em>implementation independent</em>
+%% with regard to the data structures used by the abstract syntax tree
+%% implementation.
+%%
+%% <p>Any node in <code>Tree</code> whose node type is
+%% <code>var</code> (cf. <code>type/1</code>), and whose list of
+%% annotations (cf. <code>get_ann/1</code>) contains the atom
+%% <code>meta_var</code>, will remain unchanged in the resulting tree,
+%% except that exactly one occurrence of <code>meta_var</code> is
+%% removed from its annotation list.</p>
+%%
+%% <p>The main use of the function <code>meta/1</code> is to transform
+%% a data structure <code>Tree</code>, which represents a piece of
+%% program code, into a form that is <em>representation independent
+%% when printed</em>. E.g., suppose <code>Tree</code> represents a
+%% variable named "V". Then (assuming a function <code>print/1</code>
+%% for printing syntax trees), evaluating
+%% <code>print(abstract(Tree))</code> - simply using
+%% <code>abstract/1</code> to map the actual data structure onto a
+%% syntax tree representation - would output a string that might look
+%% something like "<code>{var, ..., 'V'}</code>", which is obviously
+%% dependent on the implementation of the abstract syntax trees. This
+%% could e.g. be useful for caching a syntax tree in a file. However,
+%% in some situations like in a program generator generator (with two
+%% "generator"), it may be unacceptable. Using
+%% <code>print(meta(Tree))</code> instead would output a
+%% <em>representation independent</em> syntax tree generating
+%% expression; in the above case, something like
+%% "<code>cerl:c_var('V')</code>".</p>
+%%
+%% <p>The implementation tries to generate compact code with respect
+%% to literals and lists.</p>
+%%
+%% @see abstract/1
+%% @see type/1
+%% @see get_ann/1
+
+-spec meta(cerl()) -> cerl().
+
+meta(Node) ->
+ %% First of all we check for metavariables:
+ case type(Node) of
+ var ->
+ case lists:member(meta_var, get_ann(Node)) of
+ false ->
+ meta_0(var, Node);
+ true ->
+ %% A meta-variable: remove the first found
+ %% 'meta_var' annotation, but otherwise leave
+ %% the node unchanged.
+ set_ann(Node, lists:delete(meta_var, get_ann(Node)))
+ end;
+ Type ->
+ meta_0(Type, Node)
+ end.
+
+meta_0(Type, Node) ->
+ case get_ann(Node) of
+ [] ->
+ meta_1(Type, Node);
+ As ->
+ meta_call(set_ann, [meta_1(Type, Node), abstract(As)])
+ end.
+
+meta_1(literal, Node) ->
+ %% We handle atomic literals separately, to get a bit
+ %% more compact code. For the rest, we use 'abstract'.
+ case concrete(Node) of
+ V when is_atom(V) ->
+ meta_call(c_atom, [Node]);
+ V when is_integer(V) ->
+ meta_call(c_int, [Node]);
+ V when is_float(V) ->
+ meta_call(c_float, [Node]);
+ [] ->
+ meta_call(c_nil, []);
+ _ ->
+ meta_call(abstract, [Node])
+ end;
+meta_1(var, Node) ->
+ %% A normal variable or function name.
+ meta_call(c_var, [abstract(var_name(Node))]);
+meta_1(values, Node) ->
+ meta_call(c_values,
+ [make_list(meta_list(values_es(Node)))]);
+meta_1(binary, Node) ->
+ meta_call(c_binary,
+ [make_list(meta_list(binary_segments(Node)))]);
+meta_1(bitstr, Node) ->
+ meta_call(c_bitstr,
+ [meta(bitstr_val(Node)),
+ meta(bitstr_size(Node)),
+ meta(bitstr_unit(Node)),
+ meta(bitstr_type(Node)),
+ meta(bitstr_flags(Node))]);
+meta_1(cons, Node) ->
+ %% The list is split up if some sublist has annotatations. If
+ %% we get exactly one element, we generate a 'c_cons' call
+ %% instead of 'make_list' to reconstruct the node.
+ case split_list(Node) of
+ {[H], none} ->
+ meta_call(c_cons, [meta(H), meta(c_nil())]);
+ {[H], Node1} ->
+ meta_call(c_cons, [meta(H), meta(Node1)]);
+ {L, none} ->
+ meta_call(make_list, [make_list(meta_list(L))]);
+ {L, Node1} ->
+ meta_call(make_list,
+ [make_list(meta_list(L)), meta(Node1)])
+ end;
+meta_1(tuple, Node) ->
+ meta_call(c_tuple,
+ [make_list(meta_list(tuple_es(Node)))]);
+meta_1('let', Node) ->
+ meta_call(c_let,
+ [make_list(meta_list(let_vars(Node))),
+ meta(let_arg(Node)), meta(let_body(Node))]);
+meta_1(seq, Node) ->
+ meta_call(c_seq,
+ [meta(seq_arg(Node)), meta(seq_body(Node))]);
+meta_1(apply, Node) ->
+ meta_call(c_apply,
+ [meta(apply_op(Node)),
+ make_list(meta_list(apply_args(Node)))]);
+meta_1(call, Node) ->
+ meta_call(c_call,
+ [meta(call_module(Node)), meta(call_name(Node)),
+ make_list(meta_list(call_args(Node)))]);
+meta_1(primop, Node) ->
+ meta_call(c_primop,
+ [meta(primop_name(Node)),
+ make_list(meta_list(primop_args(Node)))]);
+meta_1('case', Node) ->
+ meta_call(c_case,
+ [meta(case_arg(Node)),
+ make_list(meta_list(case_clauses(Node)))]);
+meta_1(clause, Node) ->
+ meta_call(c_clause,
+ [make_list(meta_list(clause_pats(Node))),
+ meta(clause_guard(Node)),
+ meta(clause_body(Node))]);
+meta_1(alias, Node) ->
+ meta_call(c_alias,
+ [meta(alias_var(Node)), meta(alias_pat(Node))]);
+meta_1('fun', Node) ->
+ meta_call(c_fun,
+ [make_list(meta_list(fun_vars(Node))),
+ meta(fun_body(Node))]);
+meta_1('receive', Node) ->
+ meta_call(c_receive,
+ [make_list(meta_list(receive_clauses(Node))),
+ meta(receive_timeout(Node)),
+ meta(receive_action(Node))]);
+meta_1('try', Node) ->
+ meta_call(c_try,
+ [meta(try_arg(Node)),
+ make_list(meta_list(try_vars(Node))),
+ meta(try_body(Node)),
+ make_list(meta_list(try_evars(Node))),
+ meta(try_handler(Node))]);
+meta_1('catch', Node) ->
+ meta_call(c_catch, [meta(catch_body(Node))]);
+meta_1(letrec, Node) ->
+ meta_call(c_letrec,
+ [make_list([c_tuple([meta(N), meta(F)])
+ || {N, F} <- letrec_defs(Node)]),
+ meta(letrec_body(Node))]);
+meta_1(module, Node) ->
+ meta_call(c_module,
+ [meta(module_name(Node)),
+ make_list(meta_list(module_exports(Node))),
+ make_list([c_tuple([meta(A), meta(V)])
+ || {A, V} <- module_attrs(Node)]),
+ make_list([c_tuple([meta(N), meta(F)])
+ || {N, F} <- module_defs(Node)])]).
+
+meta_call(F, As) ->
+ c_call(c_atom(?MODULE), c_atom(F), As).
+
+meta_list([T | Ts]) ->
+ [meta(T) | meta_list(Ts)];
+meta_list([]) ->
+ [].
+
+split_list(Node) ->
+ split_list(set_ann(Node, []), []).
+
+split_list(Node, L) ->
+ A = get_ann(Node),
+ case type(Node) of
+ cons when A =:= [] ->
+ split_list(cons_tl(Node), [cons_hd(Node) | L]);
+ nil when A =:= [] ->
+ {lists:reverse(L), none};
+ _ ->
+ {lists:reverse(L), Node}
+ end.
+
+
+%% ---------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+%% General utilities
+
+is_lit_list([#c_literal{} | Es]) ->
+ is_lit_list(Es);
+is_lit_list([_ | _]) ->
+ false;
+is_lit_list([]) ->
+ true.
+
+lit_list_vals([#c_literal{val = V} | Es]) ->
+ [V | lit_list_vals(Es)];
+lit_list_vals([]) ->
+ [].
+
+-spec make_lit_list([_]) -> [#c_literal{}]. % XXX: cerl() instead of _ ?
+
+make_lit_list([V | Vs]) ->
+ [#c_literal{val = V} | make_lit_list(Vs)];
+make_lit_list([]) ->
+ [].
+
+%% The following tests are the same as done by 'io_lib:char_list' and
+%% 'io_lib:printable_list', respectively, but for a single character.
+
+is_char_value(V) when V >= $\000, V =< $\377 -> true;
+is_char_value(_) -> false.
+
+is_print_char_value(V) when V >= $\040, V =< $\176 -> true;
+is_print_char_value(V) when V >= $\240, V =< $\377 -> true;
+is_print_char_value(V) when V =:= $\b -> true;
+is_print_char_value(V) when V =:= $\d -> true;
+is_print_char_value(V) when V =:= $\e -> true;
+is_print_char_value(V) when V =:= $\f -> true;
+is_print_char_value(V) when V =:= $\n -> true;
+is_print_char_value(V) when V =:= $\r -> true;
+is_print_char_value(V) when V =:= $\s -> true;
+is_print_char_value(V) when V =:= $\t -> true;
+is_print_char_value(V) when V =:= $\v -> true;
+is_print_char_value(V) when V =:= $\" -> true;
+is_print_char_value(V) when V =:= $\' -> true;
+is_print_char_value(V) when V =:= $\\ -> true;
+is_print_char_value(_) -> false.
+
+is_char_list([V | Vs]) when is_integer(V) ->
+ is_char_value(V) andalso is_char_list(Vs);
+is_char_list([]) ->
+ true;
+is_char_list(_) ->
+ false.
+
+is_print_char_list([V | Vs]) when is_integer(V) ->
+ is_print_char_value(V) andalso is_print_char_list(Vs);
+is_print_char_list([]) ->
+ true;
+is_print_char_list(_) ->
+ false.
+
+unfold_tuples([{X, Y} | Ps]) ->
+ [X, Y | unfold_tuples(Ps)];
+unfold_tuples([]) ->
+ [].
+
+fold_tuples([X, Y | Es]) ->
+ [{X, Y} | fold_tuples(Es)];
+fold_tuples([]) ->
+ [].